第1讲 第2节 非谓语动词-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

板块一　词法 专项提能 语法篇 第一讲　复杂多变的动词 第2节　非谓语动词 【真题试做】——感悟高考中的语法 一、状语 1．(2024·浙江1月卷)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-­size this and multi-­buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said，“It was...performed.” to benefit Recalling 3．(2023·全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years，I was amazed by the co­-existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 4．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-­existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins， __ (borrow) some familiar words from many age­-old fables. 5．(2022·全国乙卷)______________(strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media... Having visited borrowing To strengthen 二、定语 1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-­meter-­tall pavilion, ________(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’ s birthplace. 2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumpling，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace. inspired recognized 3．(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message (intend) for everyone. 4．(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-­challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. intended to journey 三、补语 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left (want) more next time. to be lifted wanting 四、其他 1．(2024·九省联考)He knows that computers are here (stay) and that they will not disappear. 2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one，you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)... 3．(2021·全国乙卷)Minimize the impact of (visit) the place. 4．(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. to stay to bite visiting to walk 考点 1　非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √ 进行式 to be doing - 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ × 完成式 having done having been done 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 分 词 现在 分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √ 完成式 having done having been done 过去 分词 一般式 done(vi.)表示完成 done(vt.) 表示被动 与完成 × × √ √ √ √ (一)主动形式与被动形式 非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间往往存在主谓或动宾关系：与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时，用主动形式；与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时，用被动形式。 (2024·九省联考)There was Maya at the edge of the tank with a comb (梳子) in her mouth waiting for her treat. 玛雅在水箱的边缘，嘴里叼着一把梳子，等待着她的款待。 Asked what had happened，he lowered his head. 当他被问到发生了什么事的时候，他低下了头。 (二)时间先后关系 根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系确定时态。 1．非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生，用非谓语动词的一般式。 (2024·浙江1月卷)Soon Eva began to breathe hard, with her heart pounding and legs shaking. 不久，伊娃开始呼吸困难，心跳加速，双腿颤抖。 2．非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用非谓语动词的完成式。 Having been ignored for a long time，the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out. 因为长时间被忽视，坐在后面的那个男孩感到枯燥就出去了。 考点2　非谓语动词作状语 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。 (一)不定式作状语 1．作目的状语 作目的状语，意为“为了；以便”。 To enjoy a grander sight，you must climb to a greater height. 欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。 The bus stops in order to/so as to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。 2．作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to(不料……)、enough to...(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。 The rock above the seed is not heavy enough to prevent it from growing. 种子上面的岩石没有重到足以阻止它生长。 I had been too nervous to pay attention when he introduced himself. 他自我介绍时，我紧张得无法集中注意力。 [特别提醒]　动词不定式作结果状语时，常表示意想不到的结果；而现在分词作结果状语时，常表示自然而然的结果。 Tom arrived at the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆到达了机场，结果发现他需要乘坐的飞机起飞了。 The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated. 这家医院最近获得了新的医疗设备，能够使更多的病人接受治疗。 3.作原因状语 作原因状语，常用于“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有happy、lucky、glad、sorry、anxious、proud、disappointed、desperate、angry、surprised、ready、delighted、clever、foolish、pleased、fortunate、right、astonished等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 我们吃惊地发现，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 [特别提醒]　还有一类形容词如easy、difficult、hard、cheap、expensive、fit、comfortable、heavy、good、important、impossible、dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The air in the morning is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day. 早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。 This book is difficult to understand. 这本书很难理解。 (二)分词作状语 1.现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语，常表示原因、伴随、时间、结果等，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 (2024·浙江1月卷)Having a poor sense of direction, Eva found it impossible to get around in such a huge building. 由于方向感差，伊娃发现在这么大的大楼里走动是不可能的。 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Following an uncomfortable pause, he simply nodded, saying, “I agree to this arrangement and trust you.” 一阵不安的沉默之后，他只是点点头，说：“我同意这个安排，并信任你。” Having done his homework, he began to watch TV. 做完了作业，他开始看电视。 2.过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语,常表示时间、条件、原因、方式或伴随等,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 Combined with good marketing strategies, technological innovation will promote the sales of these products.(条件) 技术创新与良好的市场营销策略相结合将促进这些产品的销售。 When offered help,you should say “Thank you” or “It's kind of you”.(时间) 得到帮助的时候,你应该说“谢谢你”或者“你真是太好了”。 The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.(伴随) 老师走进实验室,后面跟着一些学生。 [特别提醒]　部分过去分词已经形容词化了,作状语时不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态。常见的词和短语有located、seated、hidden、lost/absorbed/buried in、dressed in、tired of、faced with等。 The escapee managed to flee the prison, hidden in a truck. 那名逃犯设法藏在一辆卡车里逃离了监狱。 He walked through the park, lost in memories of his childhood. 他穿过公园,沉浸在对童年的回忆中。 (三)独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有generally/frankly speaking、judging from、taking...into consideration、given、to tell the truth、to be honest、to make things worse等。 Generally speaking,it’s no use talking to a person when he’s in a temper. 一般来说,当一个人在气头上时,跟他谈话是没有用的。 To tell you the truth,I am a little tired. 说实话,我有点累。 Given his age, he did it quite well. 考虑到他的年纪,他已经做得相当不错了。 (四)独立主格结构作状语 非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致,但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构, 即“名词/代词＋分词(短语)”；另外,名词或代词后面还可跟形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式构成独立主格结构。 The test finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束后,我们开始放假了。 Much work to do tonight,we can’t go to see a film. 今晚有很多活要干,我们不能去看电影。 考点 3　非谓语动词作定语 (一)不定式作定语 1.不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。 You are supposed to take this opportunity to realize your dream. 你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。 The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 2.当中心词为序数词、最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时,常用不定式作定语。 She is known as the first to arrive at the training field and the last to leave, earning her the respect of her teammates. 她以总是第一个到达训练场,最后一个离开而闻名,赢得了队友们的尊敬。 3.被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有ability、chance、idea、hope、wish、fact、excuse、promise、attempt、way等。 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Then we parted ways with a firm handshake and a promise to keep in touch. 然后我们坚定地握手道别,并承诺保持联系。 (二)现在分词作定语 现在分词作定语,表示主动、正在进行；若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done结构。 The ancient temple, dating back to the Tang Dynasty, is a precious cultural relic. 这座古庙始建于唐朝,是珍贵的文化遗产。 (三)过去分词作定语，表示被动、完成 The university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students. 这所大学以其为国际学生开设的语言和文化课程而闻名。 [特别提醒]　一些不及物动词的过去分词作定语,仅表示完成,不表示被动。 falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表示正在进行) fallen leaves落叶(表示完成) (四)动名词作定语 动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。 a walking stick一根拐杖 a reading room一间阅览室 a sleeping car一节卧铺车厢 考点4　非谓语动词作宾语 (一)只能跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语) 1.三个希望俩答应(hope、wish、expect、agree、promise) 2.两个要求莫拒绝(demand、ask、refuse) 3.设法学会做决定(manage、learn、decide/determine) 4.不要假装在选择(pretend、choose/select) 5.计划提出俩打算(plan、offer、intend、mean) 6.申请失败负担起(apply、fail、afford) 7.准备愿望又碰巧(prepare、desire、happen) 8.此外,threaten、can’t wait等也要用不定式作宾语。 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn’t think too long. 10年前,当我决定在欧洲买房子的时候,我并没有想太久。 [特别提醒]　在某些动词如find、think、consider、feel、make、believe后,常用it作形式宾语,然后加宾语补足语,最后加不定式作真正的宾语。 We think it our duty to protect the environment. 我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。 (二)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语) 1.喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy、consider、escape、avoid) 2.不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help、give up、risk) 3.感激承认不否认(appreciate、admit、deny) 4.介意想象莫推延(mind、imagine、delay、put off) 5.允许完成是期望(allow/permit、finish、look forward to) 6.建议继续勤操练(suggest、go on、practise) 7.致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to、excuse、insist on) 8.继续成功不错过(keep on、succeed in、miss) (2024·浙江1月卷) Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud­seeding companies. 由于缺乏关于其影响的科学证据,没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。 [特别提醒]　在need、want、require等后表示被动意义,不定式要用被动语态,动名词不需要。 My bike needs to be repaired. ＝My bike needs repairing. 我的自行车需要被修理。 (三)下列动词(短语)既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： She meant to send the email earlier, but got caught up in work. 她本来打算早点发那封邮件的,但工作缠身给忘了。 Staying up late every night means feeling exhausted the next day. 每晚熬夜意味着第二天会感到疲惫不堪。 考点5　非谓语动词作补足语 (一)动词(短语)＋宾语＋to do作宾语补足语 advise建议　allow 允许　ask 询问；要求　beg恳求　cause 导致　encourage 鼓励　permit准许　forbid 禁止 force 强迫　intend打算　invite 邀请　order 命令；要求　persuade说服　prefer 更喜欢　require 需要；要求 teach教　remind 提醒　tell 告诉　want想要　warn 警告　wish 希望；想要　 wait for等待　call on 号召；要求　depend on依靠　urge 催促；力劝 Lily’s parents want her to develop fully. 莉莉的父母想让她全面发展。 If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯,我们必须给他们一个可以依赖的替代品。 (二)使役动词(leave/keep/find...)＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Jeff’s hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain.Jenna made him put his hand in cold water. 杰夫的手碰到了滚烫的火炉,他痛苦地叫了一声。珍娜让他把手放在冷水里。 The hall was so noisy that the teacher tried to speak louder to make himself heard. 大厅里如此吵闹,以至于老师尽力大声说话以便别人能听到。 He had the light burning all night,which made his parents very angry. 他让灯亮了一整晚,这使他的父母很生气。 My car broke down on my way to work and I will have it repaired tomorrow. 我的车在上班的路上坏了,明天要找人修理一下。 After I arrived in America,I found myself living in a completely foreign culture. 当我到达美国后,我发现自己生活在一个完全陌生的文化中。 They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly. 他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。 (三)感官动词或动词短语(see、watch、observe、hear、notice、look at、listen to)＋宾语＋宾语补足语 感官动词(短语)的宾语补足语有四种形式, 以see为例： I saw some boys all dressed in uniforms leave the lab following a teacher a few minutes ago. 几分钟前,我看见一些穿校服的男生跟着一个老师离开了实验室。 I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning. 今天早上醒来时,我听见钟敲响八点。 Back from his two­-year medical service in Africa,Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home. 从非洲医疗服务两年回来后,李医生十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。 [特别提醒]　“感官动词(短语)＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 A clerk with three strangers was observed to enter the bank hurriedly,a heavy box carried in his arms. 有人看见一个职员抱着一个沉重的箱子和三个陌生人一起匆忙走进了银行。 (四)with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语 with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动且进行)/done(表示被动且完成)/to do(表示将来)。 He fell asleep with the light still burning. 灯还亮着他就睡着了。 The boy rushed into the room, with his face covered with sweat. 那小孩满脸是汗冲进屋来。 With much work to do this afternoon,Jack left hurriedly. 由于今天下午还有很多工作要做,杰克匆匆忙忙地离开了。 (五)sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be doing，不定式作主语补足语。 He is said to have been cheated in the street. (动作先于谓语动作发生) 据说,他在大街上被骗了。 He is said to be studying abroad but I don’t know which country he is in. (动作正在进行) 据说,他正在国外学习,但我不知道他在哪个国家。 He is said to study abroad but I don’t know which country he will be in. (动作尚未发生) 据说,他要去国外学习,但我不知道他会在哪个国家。 考点6 非谓语动词作主语 1.不定式与动名词作主语的区别 To drop out of school now is not a good idea.(具体的、一次性的动作) 现在辍学不是一个好主意。 Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk.(抽象的、习惯性的动作) 听英语广播节目帮助我习惯母语人士说话的速度。 [特别提醒]　不定式和动名词作主语时,常可以互换。但主语和表语一般是对称的,即要么都用不定式,要么都用动名词。 To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 2.it作形式主语 有时为避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语置于句首,而把真正的主语置于句末。 It is essential to practice frequently when learning English. 学英语时,经常练习是至关重要的。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 [特别提醒]　考生要注意掌握it作形式主语时,动名词是真正的主语的常见句型：It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth.。 It’s no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。 考点7　非谓语动词作表语 1.不定式作表语 主语往往是dream、goal、aim、purpose、plan 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。 My childhood dream was to go to Peking University. 我小时候的梦想是上北京大学。 2.动名词作表语 相当于名词,用于解释主语的内容,表语和主语常常可以互换位置。 The current trend is working from home. ＝Working from home is the current trend. 当前的趋势是居家办公。 3.分词作表语 现在分词和过去分词作表语时,一般说明主语的性质、特征等,通常可直接看作形容词。现在分词作表语,多意为“令人……的”,常修饰物；过去分词作表语,多意为“感到……的”,常修饰人。 He was alarmed at what he had just heard. 他对刚刚听到的话感到恐慌。 It’s well known that a tiger looks very frightening. 众所周知,老虎看起来令人很害怕。 考点针对训练 Ⅰ.语法与教材 1.(外研选必一)He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance (study) various living things in their natural environments. 2.(外研选必一)The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, (fascinate) by rocks, plants and animals. 3.(北师大选必二)Some books are just too difficult ______________ (adapt) for technical reasons, although films like The Life of Pi are changing this idea. to study fascinated to be adapted 4.(外研选必一) (locate) at over 5,000 metres above sea level, this is the highest railway station in the world. 5.(外研选必二)In a world still (face) so many problems, it is absolutely essential for us all to collaborate to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity. 6.(外研选必二)In most countries, (turn) 18 marks the start of adulthood. Located facing turning 7.(人教选必一)One medical text from the fourth century suggested _______(use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. 8.(译林选必一)If we grow up eating certain foods in our family, then those foods tend (link) with positive emotions. 9.(外研选必一)Some children, though, don’t feel like laughing, especially if they’re in pain. We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us (update) on each patient. using to be linked updated 10.(外研选必一)To get this job, the candidates had to make a short video (show) how much they knew about the reef. 11.(译林选必二)In addition to making people aware of a product or service, a successful advertisement will also create a desire _______ (buy),thus boosting business. 12.(北师大选必二)Despite the challenges, there have been some highly successful films (make) from popular books. showing to buy made Ⅱ.语法与高考 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文物爱好者吴运杰制作的“全国文物古迹地图”,记录了全国近万处历史古迹的地点的故事。 Recently, Chinese netizens expressed amazement at a map full of dotted signs. Wu Yunjie is the map’s maker, who is 1.__________ (passion) about cultural relics. Clearly marking the country’s historic sites was once his pursuit, and now with perseverance and commitments 2.____________ (come) the great moment he looks forward to. 1.答案：passionate 解析：考查词性转换。句意：吴运杰是这张地图的绘制师，对文物有着浓厚的激情。根据空格前的 is可知，空格处应用形容词作表语，根据句意可知，表示“充满激情的”应用passionate。 2.答案：comes 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：清晰地标记这个国家的历史遗迹曾经是他的追求，现在凭借毅力和承诺，他所期待的伟大时刻到来了。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语now可知，应用一般现在时；主语the great moment 为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 In 2020, Wu started collecting information. Many historical sites cannot be located 3.____________ (specific) and some information is not fully disclosed, for 4.____________ he spent much time carrying out on-­site visits. 3.答案：specifically 解析：考查词性转换。句意：许多历史遗迹无法明确定位，有些信息不完全公开，为此他花了大量时间进行实地考察。空格处作状语，修饰动词located，应用副词形式。 4.答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的句子，在从句中作介词for的宾语，只能用which引导从句。 Though facing difficulties, Wu has joy in this job. Now, the map includes nearly 10,000 historical landmarks using different colors 5.____________ (represent) different categories: Red signs show the cultural relic sites under state protection, while green signs stand for the 6.____________ (protect) historical sites by the provinces. Scattered like stars in the sky and 7.____________ (tower) on the ground, numerous ancient tall buildings are also marked on the map. 5.答案：to represent 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，这张地图包括了近一万个历史地标，用不同的颜色代表不同的类别：红色标志表示受国家保护的文物遗址，而绿色标志代表由各省保护的历史遗址。空格处作目的状语，应用动词不定式形式。 6.答案：protected 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。根据空格后的名词sites可知，应用非谓语动词作定语，被修饰名词sites和动词protect之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。 7.答案：towering 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：星罗棋布就像是天上的星星，高耸在地面，无数古老的高大建筑也被标记在地图上。空格处作状语，主语buildings和动词tower之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。 The cultural relics recorded on the map account 8.____________ less than 2% of the over 760,000 immovable cultural relics. “If possible, I’d like to document many cultural relics that 9.____________ (lose) overseas for such a long time. Those treasures may not be able to return to their homeland at the moment, 10.____________ the stories they carry are what we need to see.” 8.答案：for 解析：考查介词。句意：在76万多件不可移动文物中，地图上记录的文物占比还不到2%。account for为固定搭配，意为“占比”。 9.答案：have been lost 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：如果可能的话，我想记录下许多在海外丢失了这么长时间的文物。that引导定语从句，空格处在从句中作谓语，根据时间状语for such a long time可知，应用现在完成时；从句的主语that指代先行词relics，和动词lose之间构成动宾关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态；先行词为复数形式。故填have been lost。 10.答案：but 解析：考查连词。句意：这些宝藏可能暂时无法回到它们的祖国，但它们所承载的故事是我们需要看到的。前后分句之间为转折关系，应用连词but。 Ⅲ.语法与写作 根据中文提示补全作文,并注意其中动词的使用。 Dear Smith, How are you doing? I’m writing 1.________________________ __________________________________________(邀请你参加我们将于6月1日在学校体育场举行的英语晚会),which is a good chance 2. (展现你的英语才能) and motivate students’ interest in English learning.During the party you will have a feast of varieties of 3._____________________________ _________________(我们自己准备的英语活动), to invite you to our English Party to be held on June 1st at the school stadium to display your English talent English activities well prepared by ourselves including 4. ___ (背诵英语诗歌) and singing famous English songs,which I think will surely give you a big surprise.Besides,I’d like to remind you that the party starts at 6：30 p.m. and ends at 8：00 p.m.,so please come on time if it is convenient for you.Looking forward to 5.________________________________ ___________(与你分享晚会中的愉快时光)! Yours, Li Hua reciting English poems sharing with you the pleasant time in the party $$