话题30 自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境三　人与自然 主题(三)　灾害防范 话题30　自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护 1 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 巩固提升 2 高考真题精研 Passage 1　阅读理解(2018·天津卷·A) 　　 Fire Prevention Information The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals.They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler (喷水灭火装置) systems，fire alarms，and fire extinguishers (灭火器).They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls.Whenever you move to a new area，you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room. Fire Alarms The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual (手动的) fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors，smoke detectors and sprinklers.For your safety，never tamper with (胡乱摆弄) these systems.False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment. Fire Drills A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester.During a fire drill，please do the following： ·Take your room key and ID，close and lock the door to your room. ·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit；do not use a lift. ·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions. Fire Extinguishers Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment.Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so.Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines. Smoke Detectors A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room.Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings.Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector： ·If your smoke detector is working properly，the red light should be on.If the red light is not blinking (闪动)，contact residence hall staff immediately. ·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way. ·If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke，inform your hall staff. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介绍了一些防火信息。 36.What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals? A.To provide part-time jobs for students. B.To lead the students to the nearest exits. C.To check and maintain fire prevention equipment. D.To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals. 答案：C 36 37 38 39 40 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler systems，fire alarms，and fire extinguishers.”可知，专职消防人员的主要职责是检查、测试和维护所有的校园建筑物防火装备。故选C。 36 37 38 39 40 37.What do the automatic fire alarm systems include? A.Pipes and smoke detectors. B.Smoke detectors and sprinklers. C.Fire alarm pull stations and pipes. D.Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations. 答案：B 36 37 38 39 40 解析：细节理解题。根据Fire Alarms部分中的“Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors，smoke detectors and sprinklers.”可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷头组成。故选B。 36 37 38 39 40 38.In a fire drill，the students should ________.  A.rush quickly to a lift B.gather at the nearest exit C.shut the door and leave at once D.wait for instructions in the hall 答案：C 36 37 38 39 40 解析：细节理解题。根据Fire Drills部分中的“Take your room key and ID，close and lock the door to your room.”和“Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit；do not use a lift.”可知，在消防演习中，学生锁好门并立即从最近的紧急出口离开。故选C。 36 37 38 39 40 39.What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers? A.Using them wrongly results in punishment. B.Irresponsible use of them can damage them. C.Improper use of them can destroy the apartment. D.Using them without a trainer present is forbidden. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据Fire Extinguishers部分中的“Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.”可知，误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选A。 36 37 38 39 40 40.To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector，one should ________.  A.contact the hall staff regularly B.cover the things that burn easily C.start the smoke detector in a fire D.make certain the red light is working 答案：D 36 37 38 39 40 解析：细节理解题。根据Smoke Detectors部分中的“If your smoke detector is working properly，the red light should be on.If the red light is not blinking，contact residence hall staff immediately.”可知，烟雾探测器是否安全运行，看红灯是否闪动。故选D。 36 37 38 39 40 词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. ___________ n.说明，指导 2. ______________ adj.不负责任的 3. ______________ n.关押；监禁；坐牢 4. __________ v.钻(孔)；训练；操练；作……演习 n.钻；钻头；(应对紧急情况的)演习 instruction irresponsible imprisonment drill 5. __________ n.学期(尤用于美国，一学年分两个学期)  6. __________ n.财产；性质；房地产 7. __________ n.罚款；罚金 vt.处……以罚金 8. __________ v.确保；保证；担保 9. __________ n.& v.联系 10.resident n.居民；住户 adj.(在某地)居住的→__________ n.住宅；居住；住所 11.emergent adj.紧急的→__________ n.紧急状态 semester property fine ensure contact residence emergency (二)词块积累 1.fire alarm pull stations _________________ 2.set off an alarm __________ 3.consist of heat detectors，smoke detectors and sprinklers __________________________________________ 拉杆式火警站 触发警报 由热探测器、烟雾探测器和洒水装置组成 21 Passage 2　阅读理解(2017·北京卷·C) 　　Measles (麻疹)，which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more，was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine (疫苗).But the disease is making a comeback，caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.Already this year，115 measles cases have been reported in the USA，compared with 189 for all of last year. 22 The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.When vaccination rates are very high，as they still are in the nation as a whole，everyone is protected.This is called “herd immunity”，which protects the people who get hurt easily，including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons，babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.  But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride，immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger. That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County，California，where 22 measles cases were reported this month，to Brooklyn，N.Y.，where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.  The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades，and it is driven by a real but very small risk.Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer. Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out (决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten.Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption (豁免)，sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.  Now，several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out.But no one does enough to limit exemptions. Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons.But personal opinions? Not good enough.Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide，but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.  　　[语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及会发生这样的情况的原因。 63.The first two paragraphs suggest that ________.  A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D.information about measles spreads quickly 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。文章第二段的首句既是对第一段的总结，又是第二段的中心句，由此可知答案为A。 63 64 65 66 64.Herd immunity works well when ________.  A.exemptions are allowed B.several vaccines are used together C.the whole neighborhood is involved in D.new regulations are added to the state laws 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.”可知，只有所有人都参与了才会有用，故选C。 63 64 65 66 65.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles? A.The overuse of vaccine. B.The lack of medical care. C.The features of measles itself. D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people. 答案：D 63 64 65 66 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“But the disease is making a comeback，caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.”可知，那些抵制疫苗的人导致了麻疹的复发，故选D。 63 64 65 66 66.What is the purpose of the passage? A.To introduce the idea of exemption. B.To discuss methods to cure measles. C.To stress the importance of vaccination. D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment. 答案：C 解析：写作目的题。本文主要介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及会发生这样的情况的原因，最根本的原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的写作目的是强调疫苗的作用，故选C。 63 64 65 66 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ v.受苦；经受 2. __________ n.免疫力 3. __________ v.拧紧；加强；使更加严格 4. __________ n.法规 5. __________ vt.缺乏n.缺乏，不足 6.vaccinate vt.接种疫苗；给……接种疫苗→____________ n.接种疫苗；注射疫苗 7.neighbour n.邻居→_______________ n.邻近的地方 suffer immunity tighten regulation lack vaccination neighbourhood (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.(edge基本义：n.边缘)__________ n.预兆 (三)词块积累 1.wipe out ______________ 2.make a comeback _________________________ 3.as a whole ________________________ 4.object to a vaccine __________ 5.as long as __________ 6.seek a free ride __________ 消灭；摧毁 卷土重来；东山再起 作为一个整体，整体上 反对疫苗 只要 坐享其成 35 (四)词汇精研 1 suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历 ①Our life is becoming better and better while in some countries there are still some people suffering __________ hunger. ②It is hard to imagine the pain and __________ (suffer) these poor people went through during the winter months. ③他一生从未遭受过这么大的损失，因此他几乎失去了对生活的 希望。 Never before in his life ____________________________，so he almost lost hope for life.  from suffering had he suffered such a great loss 36 •suffer作及物动词时，指遭受一般的痛苦、损害等，其宾语常为loss、pain、punishment、defeat、hardship、disappointment等。 •suffer作不及物动词时，常与from 连用。suffer from指遭受战争、自然灾害带来的苦难或患病之苦。 •suffering n.受苦；苦难 37 ◎写作素材 suffer from cold and hunger饥寒交迫 suffer from a heart attack患有心脏病 38 ①A majority of students objected to __________________ (arrange) for extra lessons during holidays and weekends.  ②The villagers raised an __________ (object) to building a chemical plant beside the river. ③It is necessary to hold an __________ (object) attitude towards ratings. ④就我个人而言， 我反对他提出的建议。 In my view，I __________ the suggestions he put forward.  2 object vi.反对；不赞成n.物体；目标 being arranged objection objective object to 39 •object to sb./sth.反对某人/某事 object to (sb.) doing sth.反对(某人)做某事 •objection n.反对；厌恶 have an objection to (sb.) doing sth.反对(某人)做某事 •objective adj.客观的；真实的 n.目标；目的 40 ◎写作素材 an object of study研究对象 an objective assessment/analysis客观的评价/分析 object to her travelling alone反对她独自旅行 ①Because of their lack __________ self-discipline，they’re more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games. ②It is obvious that the young girl is __________ (lack) in useful skills. ③尽管缺乏经验，他们还是设法有效地组织了救援。 __________________________，they managed to organise the rescue effectively.  3 lack vt.缺乏；没有 n.缺乏；短缺 of lacking Though lacking experience 42 •(a) lack of缺少…… for/through lack of因缺少…… •lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的 be lacking in在……方面缺乏 43 ◎写作素材 a lack of knowledge about the computer对电脑缺乏了解 be completely lacking in originality 完全没有创意 Part 2　句型 (一)长难句分析 1.This is called “herd immunity”，which protects the people who get hurt easily，including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons，babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work. [结构分析]　本句是一个复合句。主句结构为This is called “herd immunity”，which引导定语从句，修饰先行词herd immunity，其中第一个who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the people，第二个who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，on whom引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 这被称为“群体免疫”，保护易感染人群，包括那些因医学原因无法接种疫苗的人，那些太小而不能接种疫苗的婴儿，以及那些疫苗对其不起作用的人。 2.That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County，California，where 22 measles cases were reported this month，to Brooklyn，N.Y.，where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year. [结构分析]　本句是一个复合句。主句是主系表结构，what引导的从句作表语。在表语从句中，“Orange County，California”和“Brooklyn，N.Y.”后面都跟了where引导的定语从句。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 这正是美国各地的小社区里正在发生的事情：加州奥兰治县本月报告了22例麻疹病例，去年一名17岁的少年引发了纽约布鲁克林区的疫情。 3.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. [结构分析]　本句是一个复合句。主句属于倒装结构，主语是state laws；are making things worse是谓语部分。之所以倒装是方便state laws后面跟定语从句，从句由that引导，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式结构to opt out of...，what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，现在分词短语entering kindergarten作定语，修饰children。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 使事情变得更加糟糕的是一些州颁布的法律，这些法律却使一些人更容易选择不给孩子们接种疫苗，但是进入幼儿园的儿童本应该全部接种疫苗。 (二)句型精析 Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide，but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.每个人都享受疫苗带来的拯救生命的好处，但只有每个人都分担风险，疫苗才不会消失。  [句型公式]　句中as long as (=so long as)意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句，从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 49 选词填空(as long as、as well as、as far as、as good as) ①You won’t find paper-cutting difficult _____________ you keep practicing it.  ②I’m always trying to be _____________ others，but I never seem to get there.  ③All special exhibitions，___________ films，lectures，guided tours，concerts，gallery talks，and family/children’s programs are free with admission.  as long as as good as as well as ④In ancient times，people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled __________ the local market.  ⑤在我们的一生中，我们可能会遇到许多失败。只要我们尽了最大的努力，就没有必要为这些失败感到后悔。 In our life we may meet many failures. _____________ we try our best，there is no need to feel regret for these failures.  as far as As long as as long as 还可表示“与……一样长”。 as good as 与……一样好；几乎和……一样 as far as远至；就……而言 as well as和……一样好；除……之外；既……又…… as soon as 一……就…… as many/much as多达……；和……一样多 52 ◎写作素材 You can write anything relevant as/so long as it’s interesting and informative.只要内容有趣且信息量大，你可以写任何相关的内容。 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Most of us need to lead more __________ (balance) lives to be healthy and happy. 2.She loved her husband in spite __________ the fact that he earned less money than her. 3.The hospice aims to ease the __________ (suffer) of the dying. 4.The main __________ (object) of this meeting is to give more information on our plans. balanced of sufferings objective 5.Being able to tell the truth at last seemed to __________ (relief) her. 6.We searched the surrounding _______________ (neighbour) for the missing boy. 7.Have you kept __________ contact with any of your friends from college? 8.He took a deep breath，__________ (desperate) trying to keep calm. 9. __________ a whole，it is difficult for people with credit blemishes to make a loan. 10.I have not been __________ (inform) when the ceremony will take place. relieve neighbourhood in desperately As informed Ⅱ.完成句子 1. _____________________________________ (他采取措施弥补他的过错)，which received our recognition.  2. _____________________ (只要你幸福)， that’s all that matters.  3. _________________________ (许多当地的居民反对) the building of the new airport.  4.The semi-finalists had to play twice in the day __________________ __________ (为了弥补失去的时间) due to bad weather.  5. ______________________ (我试图使她安静下来)， but she was almost mad.  He took measures to make up for his fault As long as you’re happy Many local people object to to make up for the time lost I tried to calm her down Ⅲ.完形填空 　　(教材改编，人教必修一U4)Hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were 　1　 and to bury the dead.More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide 　2　care.Workers built 　3　 for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.Water and food were 　4　 the city by train， truck， and plane.Slowly， the city began to breathe again.  1 2 3 4 5 6 With strong support from the government and the tireless　5　 of the city’s people， a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. Tangshan city has 　6　 to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.  1 2 3 4 5 6 1.A.trapped　　　　　　　 B.rescued C.burnt D.left 显示原文 答案：A 解析：地震发生后不久，军队派遣了15万名士兵到唐山去挖出被困的人并埋葬死者。根据语境和上文中的“dig out”可知，此处表示“被困的人”，故答案为A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 2.A.important B.casual C.comfortable D.medical 答案：D 解析：根据上文中的“More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came”可知，医生和护士提供的应该是“医疗的(medical)”援助，故答案为D项。 显示原文 1 2 3 4 5 6 3.A.yards B.schools C.shelters D.libraries 答案：C 解析：根据下文内容可知，工人为那些房子被破坏的幸存者修建“庇护所(shelters)”，故答案为C项。 显示原文 1 2 3 4 5 6 4.A.brought into B.put out C.flown into D.turned out 答案：A 解析：根据语境可知，这里指的是水和食物通过火车、卡车和飞机被运进(brought into)这座城市，故答案为A项。 显示原文 1 2 3 4 5 6 5.A.skills B.efforts C.dreams D.movements 答案：B 解析：根据空前的“strong support from the government”可知，这里应该指的是“不懈的努力(tireless efforts)”，故答案为B项。 显示原文 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.A.belonged B.applied C.proved D.contributed 答案：C 解析：唐山市已经向中国和世界上的其他国家证明(proved)，在灾难中，人们必须团结起来，展示出保持积极和重建更光明未来的智慧。 显示原文 1 2 3 4 5 6 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子) ①一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来。水管爆裂，电力中断。 One night，everything began to shake，the pipes bursting and ______ ____________________.  ②无论走到哪里，我们都能看见一切都已经变成了废墟。 Wherever we went，we found everything _____________.  the electricity cut off lay in ruins ③仿佛到了世界末日! ______________ the world ______________!  ④有些人受伤。有些人被埋在废墟下。 Some people _____________.Some others ______________ under the ruins.  ⑤士兵们立刻前来救援。他们救出了被困在废墟中的人，并将死者掩埋。 The soldiers __________________________.They saved the people _______________________，and buried the dead.  It seemed as if were at an end were injured were buried came to the rescue right away trapped under the ruins ⑥在灾难面前，他们非常愿意帮助那些需要帮助的人。 They were too willing to help those in trouble ___________________.  ⑦我们再怎么赞扬他们也不为过。 We can’t ___________________ them.  in the face of disasters think too highly of ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 2　表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级) ①用定语从句升级句⑤ The soldiers came to the rescue right away，saved people who were trapped under the ruins， and buried the dead.  ②用状语从句合并升级句⑥和句⑦ Because they were too willing to help those in trouble in the face of disasters，we can’t think too highly of them.  ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Step 3　衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) One night，everything began to shake，the pipes bursting and the electricity cut off.Wherever we went，we found everything lay in ruins.It seemed as if the world were at an end! Some people were injured and some others were buried under the ruins.The soldiers came to the rescue right away，saved people who were trapped under the ruins，and buried the dead.Because they were too willing to help those in trouble in the face of disasters，we can’t think too highly of them. 读后续写——素材语料积累 【动作细节描写：看(二)】 单词 browse；glimpse；peep；squint；peek 词块 spy on 窥视，偷看；pay a visit to 拜访，参观；call on sb. 拜访某人；drop in on 顺道拜访 句型 He glimpsed her through the window as he passed. 他路过时透过窗户瞥见了她。 It is not ethical to spy on your neighbours. 暗中窥探你的邻居是很不道德的。 She tiptoed along the passage to John’s door and peeped inside. 她踮着脚走过通道，来到约翰的门口，朝里面偷看。 Drop in on us when you come to town next time. 下次你进城时，到我们这里坐坐。 The museum is open all the year round，so visitors can pay a visit to it whenever they like. 博物馆全年开放，所以游客想什么时候来参观都可以。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A 　　(2024·浙江1月卷)On September 7，1991， the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs.As a result，since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. 　　Norman Stienwand，who farms in that area，has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically，the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr.Stienwand says，“but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” 　　The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss，a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo，North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air，so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact，we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” 　　One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell，a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999，I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows，of course，but the seeding goes on.” 　　Given the degree of doubt，Mr.Stienwand suggests，“it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice，doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts，no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence，private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加拿大艾伯塔地区的防雹干预计划，以及不同相关方对该计划的不同态度。 1.What does the project aim to do?(　　) A.Conserve moisture in the soil. B.Prevent the formation of hailstones. C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D.Investigate chemical use in farming. 1 2 3 4 B 解析：细节理解题。 题干中的the project指的就是第一段中所提到的Alberta Hail Suppression Project，因此根据第一段中的“Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.”可知，飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴体播撒一种化学物质，使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下。由此可知，这一计划旨在防止冰雹的形成，故选B项。 1 2 3 4 2.Who are opposed to the project?(　　) A.Farmers in east-central Alberta. B.Managers of insurance companies. C.Provincial government officials. D.Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 1 2 3 4 A 解析：细节理解题。 根据第一段中的“But farmers in east-central Alberta...worry that precious moisture is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民担心播云会带走他们干旱土地中的宝贵水分。由此可知，这些农民是反对这个计划的，故选A项。 1 2 3 4 3.Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999?(　　) A.To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D.To show the link between storms and moisture. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：推理判断题。 根据第四段中的“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell”可知，Doswell博士对播云的安全性持怀疑态度；接着他提到1999年目睹的由一个已经被播撒了化学物质的风暴单体形成的重大龙卷风；随后他又提出疑问“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind?”，怀疑播云会产生致命的风暴或是减少下风处的水分。由此可推断出，Doswell博士提到他看到的1999年的龙卷风是为了表明播云存在可能的风险，故选C项。 1 2 3 4 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?(　　) A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. 1 2 3 4 D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Hence，private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.”可知，私营的气候工程公司可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行下去，也就是这些公司会继续存在下去，故选D项。 B 　　(2024·江西南昌一模)The multitalented， Renaissance genius Leonardo da Vinci over 500 years ago wrote down his “rule of trees”，which described the way he thought that trees branched.Though it was a brilliant insight that helped him to draw realistic landscapes， Leonardo’s rule breaks down for many types of trees. Now， a new branching rule—nicknamed “Leonardo-like”—works for virtually any leafy tree. “The older Leonardo’s rule describes the thickness of the branches， while the length of the branch was not taken into account，” says physicist Sergey Grigoriev.“Therefore， the description using the older rule is not complete.” Leonardo’s rule says that the thickness of a limb (大树枝) before it branches into smaller ones is the same as the combined thickness of the limbs sprouting (长出) from it. However， according to Grigoriev and his colleagues， it’s the surface area that stays the same. Using the surface area as a guide， the new rule incorporates limb widths and lengths， and predicts that long branches end up being thinner than short ones. Unlike Leonardo’s guess，the updated rule works well when the team checks slim birches (桦树) as well as strong oaks. To test their rule， the research team took photographs of trees from a variety of species and analyzed the branches to confirm that the real-world patterns matched the predictions. “The photos offer a direct measurement of the characteristics of a tree without touching it， which can be important when dealing with a living object，” Grigoriev says. Though the team hasn’t studied evergreens yet， the rule holds for all of the deciduous trees that the researchers have looked at. While it’s possible to confirm the rule by measuring branches by hand， it would require climbing into trees and checking all the limbs—a risky exercise for trees and scientists alike.“Note，” the researchers write，“that not a single tree was harmed during these experiments.” 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新的树木分枝规则比500多年前Leonardo da Vinci提出的树木分枝规则更全面，几乎适用于任意一个树叶繁茂的树。 5.What does the Leonardo’s rule of trees focus on?(　　) A.How tree branches may grow. B.What environment trees need. C.How trees can be drawn better. D.What landscapes trees can form. 5 6 7 8 A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The multitalented，Renaissance genius Leonardo da Vinci over 500 years ago wrote down his ‘rule of trees’， which described the way he thought that trees branched.”可知，Leonardo的“树木规则”描述了他认为的树木分枝的方式，由此可知，该规则关注的是树枝如何生长。故选A项。 5 6 7 8 6.Why are birches and oaks mentioned in paragraph 3?(　　) A.To state the correctness of the new rule. B.To present Leonardo’s influential works. C.To compare the features of different trees. D.To show the popularity of Leonardo’s rule. 5 6 7 8 A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Unlike Leonardo’s guess， the updated rule works well when the team checks slim birches as well as strong oaks.”可知，与Leonardo的猜测不同，新规则适用于纤细的桦树和坚固的橡树。由此可推知，提及桦树和橡树是为了阐述新规则的正确性。故选A项。 5 6 7 8 7.How did the researchers prove the new rule?(　　) A.By applying it to various trees. B.By conducting on-site inspection. C.By analyzing pictures of branches. D.By measuring real branches directly. 5 6 7 8 C 96 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“To test their rule，the research team took photographs of trees from a variety of species and analyzed the branches to confirm that the real-world patterns matched the predictions. ‘The photos offer a direct measurement of the characteristics of a tree without touching it...’ Grigoriev says.”可知，研究团队拍摄了各种树木的照片，然后对照片中的树枝进行分析，来验证新规则是否与现实情况相符。故选C项。 5 6 7 8 97 8.What can we infer from the last paragraph?(　　) A.Further experiments are required. B.The protection of trees is stressed. C.Risky accidents happened in the study. D.Trees were damaged in the experiments. 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘Note，’ the researchers write， ‘that not a single tree was harmed during these experiments.’”可知，在这项实验中，没有一棵树受到伤害，由此可推知，文章最后一段强调了对树木的保护。故选B项。 B Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) 　　(2024·江苏南京、盐城调研) 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的梦想提出了一些建议。 　　Pursue Your Dreams Today，Not Tomorrow 　　Have you caught yourself daydreaming about your dreams? We often postpone our dreams，trapped in a cycle of delay.But why wait? 1( )You don’t have to take a huge，life-changing step.You can take minute steps toward a brighter future.And start right now.  A.Ask yourself what would be worse. B.Starting small is completely acceptable. C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams. D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth. E.If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts. F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential. G.Hard as it is，it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 1.答案：B 解析：空后提到“你没有必要迈出巨大的改变命运的一步”，所以空处应是表达可以从小事开始作出改变，故B项“从小事开始作出改变是完全可以接受的”符合语境。 　　 2( )If you never try，you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets.You’re always going to wonder how your life would have turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself.Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.  A.Ask yourself what would be worse. B.Starting small is completely acceptable. C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams. D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth. E.If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts. F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential. G.Hard as it is，it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 2.答案：C 解析：根据下文，尤其是“if you actually took a chance on yourself”和“Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.”可推知，本段主要是强调“自己”在实现梦想中的主体作用，故C项“你应该为了自己去追逐你的梦想”符合语境。 　　 It doesn’t matter how old you are or how many people have warned you that you’re never going to succeed.Even the most successful people have had their hesitations about whether they had what it took to make it in their fields.3( )Embrace a mindset of determination，knowing that success is within your reach.  A.Ask yourself what would be worse. B.Starting small is completely acceptable. C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams. D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth. E.If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts. F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential. G.Hard as it is，it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 3.答案：G 解析：空前提到“你的年龄不重要，身边有多少人提醒你你将永远不会成功也不重要，甚至最成功的人都会犹豫”，空后提到“要拥有坚定的思维模式，知道成功就在触手可及的范围内”，所以空处应是鼓励读者摆脱疑虑，坚定信心，故G项“尽管很难，在你的脑海中摆脱疑惑是至关重要的”符合语境。 　　At the end of the day，you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction.If you allow your fear to get the best of you，you’re never going to forgive yourself.4( ) It’s what you would encourage your friends to do，so why aren’t you giving yourself that same push?  A.Ask yourself what would be worse. B.Starting small is completely acceptable. C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams. D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth. E.If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts. F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential. G.Hard as it is，it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 4.答案：F 解析：空后句子表示“这是你会鼓励你朋友去做的事情”，句中的it应是指代空处句子描述的行为，并且该行为应是积极的，且空前表示不要让恐惧占了上风，故F项“你需要丢掉你的不安并且探索你的全部潜力”符合语境。 　　Sometimes，following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day.It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule，but you don’t have to sacrifice everything to follow your heart.Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams. 5( ) 　　Pursue your dreams now，even though that means you might need to break out of your comfort zone，and even though it means entering the unknown. A.Ask yourself what would be worse. B.Starting small is completely acceptable. C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams. D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth. E.If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts. F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential. G.Hard as it is，it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 5.答案：E 解析：空前主要讲“有时候追随你的爱好意味着你每天都要花很多时间。它可能需要你根据你的计划作出微小的调整，但是你没有必要为了跟从内心而牺牲一切。努力在你目前的生活和你的梦想之间找到一种平衡”。故E项“如果一切顺利，你可以慢慢地作出进一步的改变”符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 　　(2024·安徽合肥第一次质量检测)There is a Chinese story of an old man in his 90s working with his family to remove mountains to connect the outside world 1 __________ others’ doubts.The story has inspired the Chinese to unite and overcome difficulties with 2 ______________ (determine) and hard work. The story became a reality in Lin County， Henan Province in the 1960s.A 1，500-kilometer-long waterway along the cliffs (悬崖) of the despite determination Taihang Mountains 3 ____________ (build) by the local people within 10 years， bringing precious water from the Zhanghe River in the bordering Shanxi Province to the drought-hit area.  　　Initially， finding drinking water was 4 __________ headache for residents：People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day.5 __________ (ease) this area’s water shortages， the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains， 6 __________ construction was a remarkable engineering achievement.  was built a To ease whose People tied ropes around their waists and 7 __________ (hang) off cliffs， drilling holes in rocks， and then dug canals with simple tools. From February 1960 to July 1969，they leveled 1，250 mountain tops and dug 211 tunnels (隧道)，8 __________ (remove) 22.25 million cubic meters of earth and rocks. Their efforts gained multiple 9 __________ (benefit).It was the canal that 10 _____________ (dramatic) changed the life of the local people， irrigating (灌溉) 36，000 hectares of land and solving water supply difficulties to some 567，000 people.Their deeds have been hailed (称颂) as the “spirit of the Red Flag Canal”. hung removing benefits dramatically 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.1：costly adj.造成损失的insurance n.保险 precious adj.宝贵的 Para.2：drought n.干旱 Para.5：proof n.证据 proceed v.继续进行 第1题C选项：disastrous adj.灾难性的 派生词汇 Para.1：threatening adj.带有威胁性的；阴沉沉的→threat n.威胁→threaten v.威胁 熟词生义 Para.1：seed 常用义：n.种子，籽　文章义：v.播种 thirsty 常用义：adj.口渴的　文章义：adj.干旱的 Para.2：address 常用义：n.地址　文章义：v.演说，演讲 核心短语 Para.5：in practice实际上 第2题：be opposed to反对 B篇 核心单词 Para.1：genius n.天才人物，(某领域的)天才 Para.3：incorporate v.将……包括在内；包含；吸收；使并入 Para.4：deciduous adj.落叶的 派生词汇 Para.1：leafy adj.多叶的，叶茂的→leaf n.叶子 Para.2：thickness n.厚；厚度；粗→thick adj.厚的；粗的 description n.描写(文字)；形容；说明→describe v.描述；形容；把……称为 Para.3：width n.宽度；广度→wide adj.宽的；宽阔的 length n.长；长度→long adj.长的 Para.5：risky adj.有危险(或风险)的→risk n.危险；风险 核心短语 Para.1：a brilliant insight一个绝妙的见解 Para.2：take...into account把……考虑在内 $$