话题29 人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境三　人与自然 主题(二)　环境保护 话题29　人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系 1 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 巩固提升 2 高考真题精研 第一组 Passage 1　阅读理解(2021·全国乙卷·C) 　　You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year.But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does.He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage， forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. At the beginning of the year， the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse”， a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves， frozen mid-crash.Made of 168，000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups， the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City， Vietnam. Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled.Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution， but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and， because of their small size and weight， they cannot be recycled.Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.Once the drink is gone， the straw will take centuries to disappear. In a piece from 2018， Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic： Every 60 seconds， a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean.For this work， titled “Truckload of Plastic”， Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic， which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.  Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冯·黄用回收到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品，目的是提醒人们改善环境问题。 28.What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for? A.Beautifying the city he lives in. B.Introducing eco-friendly products. C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D.Reducing garbage on the beach. 答案：C 28 29 30 31 解析：细节理解题。由题干中的Von Wong’s artworks可以定位到第一段“He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage...”。由 “...forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.”可知，他创作出这样的作品是为了促使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系。故选C。 28 29 30 31 29.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3? A.To show the difficulty of their recycling. B.To explain why they are useful. C.To voice his views on modern art. D.To find a substitute for them. 答案：A 28 29 30 31 解析：推理判断题。由题干中的discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3可定位到第三段。由“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled.Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution， but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and， because of their small size and weight， they cannot be recycled.”可知，全球塑料废品回收率低，人们喝饮料时不需要塑料管，而且由于它们的小体积和重量，它们不能被回收利用。故选A。 28 29 30 31 30.What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers? A.Calming.　　　　　　 B.Disturbing. C.Refreshing. D.Challenging. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。由第四段可知，在2018 年的一篇文章中，冯·黄想要说明一个具体的统计数据，每60秒，一卡车的塑料就会进入海洋。为了制作这个名为《一卡车的塑料》的作品，冯·黄和一群志愿者收集了10 000多件塑料，然后把它们捆在一起，看起来就像是从卡车上一次性扔下来的。由此可推测，这样的景象很有震撼性，从而会让观众感到不安。故选B。 28 29 30 31 31.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety B.Media Interest in Contemporary Art C.Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D.Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 答案：D 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍的是本杰明·冯·黄用回收到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品，目的是提醒人们警惕所生产、消费的塑料垃圾，以及提高人们对改善环境问题的参与意识。故选D。 28 29 30 31 Part 1　词汇 词汇识记 1. ____________ n.关系，联系 2. __________ adj.单个的；单身的 3. __________ vt.冠以……之名 4.globe n.球体；地球→__________ adj.全球的，全世界的 →__________ adv.全世界地 relationship single title global globally 5.recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用→__________ adj.可回收的 →____________ adj.不可回收的 6.collect vt.收集，采集→__________ n.收集；收藏品；专辑 →__________ n.收藏者 recyclable unrecyclable collection collector Part 2　句型 长难句分析 For this work，titled “Truckload of Plastic”，Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic，which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped from a truck all at once. 16 [结构分析]　句子主语是Von Wong and a group of volunteers，谓语动词是collected，宾语是more than 10，000 pieces of plastic；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰more than 10，000 pieces of plastic；titled “Truckload of Plastic”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰this work。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 为了这件名为“一卡车塑料”的艺术品，冯·黄和一群志愿者收集了10 000多件塑料，然后把这些塑料绑在一起，使它们看起来就像从一辆卡车里一下子倒出来一样。  17 Passage 2　阅读理解(2020·天津5月卷· C) 　　Transport has a lot to answer for when it comes to harming the planet.While cars and trains are moving towards greener，electric power，emissions from air travel are expected to increase massively by 2050.If we want big green sky solutions，we need blue sky thinking.Fortunately，there’s plenty of that happening right now，particularly the short-haul flights powered by batteries. Harbour Air is the largest seaplane airline in North America，flying 30，000 commercial flights in 40 seaplanes each year.Significantly，all Harbour Air routes last less than 30 minutes，making it perfectly fit for electric engines.“As an airline，we’re currently in the process of turning all our planes into electric airplanes，” says CEO Greg McDougall.To make this happen，the airline has partnered up with MagniX to create the world’s first commercial flight with an electric engine. Making the skies electric isn’t just good for the environment； it also makes sound financial sense：a small aircraft uses $400 on conventional fuel for a 100-mile flight，while an electric one costs $8-12 for the same distance，and that’s before you factor in the higher maintenance costs of a traditional engine.There’s also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in.No loud engine noise，no smell of fuel，just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.  While there has been real progress in the e-plane industry，the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyone’s feet firmly on the ground.A battery，even a lithium one，only provides 250 watt-hours per kilogram； compare this to liquid fuel，which has a specific energy of 11，890 watt-hours per kilogram. Carrying adequate batteries，however，would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground.In aircraft，where every bit of weight counts，this can’t just be ignored.  The transition (过渡) from gas to electric in the automobile industry has been made easier by hybrids—vehicles powered by both fuel and electricity.Many believe the same pattern could be followed in the air.Fuel consumption could be reduced as the electric component is switched on at key parts of the journey，especially on take-off and landing. It’s certainly an exciting time for electric flying.With companies like Harbour Air taking the lead，battery-powered planes，especially on short-haul journeys，are set to become a reality in the next few years. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，讲述了在空运中，尤其是在短途空运中使用电能作为能量来源的可能性、好处、存在的挑战以及解决办法。 45.According to Paragraph 1，what is happening in air transport? A.New explorations of the sky are being launched. B.Pollution caused by batteries is being controlled. C.Efforts are being made to make air travel greener. D.Demand for short-haul flights is increasing massively. 答案：C 45 46 47 48 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Fortunately，there’s plenty of that happening right now，particularly the short-haul flights powered by batteries.” 可知，幸运的是，人们正在构思解决空运产生的环境污染的方法，如由电池提供动力的短程航班，即现在人们正在努力让空中旅行变得更加环保，故C项正确。 45 46 47 48 46.Why is Harbour Air fit for electric flights? A.It runs short routes. B.It has a strong partner. C.Its planes can land on the sea. D.It has planes with powerful engines. 答案：A 45 46 47 48 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Significantly，all Harbour Air routes last less than 30 minutes，making it perfectly fit for electric engines.”可知， Harbour Air适合使用电能提供动力的飞机的原因是它所有航线的航行时间都不超过30分钟，换句话说就是航线短，故A项正确。 45 46 47 48 47.The expression “added bonus” refers to the fact that electric planes ________.  A.give passengers more pleasant views B.bring airlines more financial benefits C.offer more enjoyable flying experiences D.cost less in maintenance than traditional ones 答案：C 45 46 47 48 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“There’s also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in.No loud engine noise，no smell of fuel，just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.”可知，“that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in”是同位语从句，解释说明“added bonus”的内容，而电动飞机飞行时没有发动机的噪声，没有燃油的气味，只有安静，这使人们能够获得更加愉悦的飞行体验，故C项正确。 45 46 47 48 48.What might be the biggest challenge of electric flying? A.To improve the ground service for e-planes. B.To find qualified technicians for the e-plane industry. C.To calculate the energy needed to power e-planes. D.To balance power and weight of batteries in e-planes. 答案：D 45 46 47 48 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Carrying adequate batteries，however，would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground.In aircraft，where every bit of weight counts，this can’t just be ignored.”可知，如果携带充足的电池，飞机就会过重而无法起飞。由此可知，平衡电池的重量与电量是电力飞行面临的最大挑战，故D项正确。 45 46 47 48 49.What could be done during the transition from gas to electric in air flight? A.To produce new electric components. B.To increase battery consumption. C.To use mixed-power technology. D.To expand the landing field. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，许多人认为，燃料和电力同时供能这种模式，即混合型供能技术可以运用在空运中，故C项正确。 50.What is the author’s attitude towards the prospect of electric flying? A.Short-sighted.　　　　 B.Wait-and-see. C.Optimistic. D.Skeptical. 答案：C 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者认为电力飞行，尤其是短途旅行中的电力飞行一定会在接下来的几年中成为现实。由此推知，作者对电力飞行持乐观态度，故C项正确。 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ adj.明确的 2. __________ adj.足够的 3. __________ adv.大规模地；大量地 4. __________ n.进步 5. __________ adj.健康的；明智的，合理的 specific adequate massively progress sound 6. _____________ adj.常规的；传统的 7. __________ v.计数；包括；起重要作用 8. __________ n.组成部分；成分；部件 adj.成分的；构成的 9.engine n.引擎→__________ n.工程师 conventional count component engineer (二)词块积累 1.answer for ________________ 2.in the process of _________________ 3.partner up with _____________ 4.make sense __________________ 5.factor in _______________________________ 6.take the lead __________ 为……负有责任 在……过程中 与……合作 讲得通，有意义 将……计入；将……考虑进去 领先 37 Part 2　句型 (一)长难句分析 Making the skies electric isn’t just good for the environment； it also makes sound financial sense： a small aircraft uses $400 on conventional fuel for a 100-mile flight，while an electric one costs $8-12 for the same distance，and that’s before you factor in the higher maintenance costs of a traditional engine. 38 [结构分析]　本句是两个并列分句，中间用分号连接。前面的分句是简单句，主语是making the skies electric。后边的分句也是简单句，谓语部分是makes sound financial sense。冒号后面是解释说明，这部分是while连接的两个并列分句，在while后面的分句中，又加入了一个由and连接的并列句。句中sound是形容词，表示“合理的，明智的”；factor是动词，表示“作为因素考虑进来”。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 使用电动飞机不只是对环境有利，而且在节省财政支出上也颇有意义。同样飞行一百英里，一架传统燃油小型飞机花费400美元，而一架电动飞机只需8~12美元，而且这还没有考虑传统飞机发动机维护的高昂费用。 (二)句型精析 Carrying adequate batteries，however，would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground.但是，携带充足的电池，会使飞机过重而无法飞离地面。 [句型公式]　句中too...to do sth.意为“太……而不能做某事”，是一个表示否定意义的句型。 ①Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend，and it’s never too early __________ (make) necessary preparations for a healthy and meaningful college experience.  ②You can’t be __________ careful to do your homework. ③You can never be careful enough __________ (deal) with the problem.  ④玛丽学习太专注了，以至于没有听到外面的嘈杂声。 Mary was _______________________________ the noise outside.  to make too to deal too absorbed in her study to hear •某些形容词与“too...to...”句型连用时，too (=very) 表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，willing，ready，eager，anxious等。 •当在too前加上only，but，all，simply，quite或just时，“too ...to”结构表示肯定意义，此时too带有赞赏的感情色彩。 “too ...to ...”结构和never，not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分；越……越好”。 42 ◎写作素材 He is still too young to know the hardship of life.他年龄太小，还不懂得生活的艰辛。 43 第二组 Passage 1　阅读理解(2020·全国Ⅱ卷·C) 　　When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list， fur probably didn’t cross your mind.But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria (海狸鼠). Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year，” says Cree McCree， project director of Righteous Fur. Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month. Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild.“The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species (物种).It’s destroying the environment.It’s them or us，” says Michael Massimi， an expert in this field. The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana.He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green， but he has no doubt about it.Hunters bring in more than 300，000 nutria tails a year， so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur. Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions.Model Paige Morgan says，“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing， at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.  　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章以新奥尔良和布鲁克林两地的时装秀为载体，倡导人们穿海狸鼠皮做的衣服，因为海狸鼠会破坏生态环境。 28.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn? A.To promote guilt-free fur. B.To expand the fashion market. C.To introduce a new brand. D.To celebrate a winter holiday. 答案：A 28 29 30 31 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But some ecologists and fashion enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria.(但是一些生态学家和时尚爱好者正试图重建海狸鼠皮市场)”以及第二段的内容可知，新奥尔良和布鲁克林两地的时装秀就是想推广无罪恶感的皮草交易。故选A项。 28 29 30 31 29.Why are scientists concerned about nutria? A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously. B.Nutria are an endangered species. C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals. D.Nutria are illegally hunted. 答案：A 28 29 30 31 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”和第四段中的“The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species.It’s destroying the environment.It’s them or us...”可知，海狸鼠严重破坏了生态环境。故选A项。 28 29 30 31 30.What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A.Boomed.　　　　　 B.Became mature. C.Remained stable. D.Crashed. 答案：D 28 29 30 31 解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句句意：海狸鼠皮贸易数十年以来让海狸鼠的数量得以控制，但是在20世纪80年代后期海狸鼠的这个市场崩溃的时候，这种和猫差不多大的动物(海狸鼠)开始疯狂繁殖。根据句意可知，此空表示“消失”或者“崩溃”。crash崩溃，正好符合此处的语境。boom繁荣；become mature变得成熟；remain stable保持稳定。 28 29 30 31 31.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan? A.It’s formal. B.It’s risky. C.It’s harmful. D.It’s traditional. 答案：B 28 29 30 31 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing，at least here in New York.”可知，Morgan觉得在纽约，给予人们一种没有负罪感的选择，他们可以穿海狸鼠皮做的衣服而不被人泼颜料，这将是一件大事，由此可以推断出，穿皮草是一件很冒险的事情。 28 29 30 31 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ n.爱好者，狂热者 2. __________ v.倒塌；崩溃 3. __________ v.乘；大量繁殖 4. __________ adj.巨大的 5. __________ conj.除非；如果不 prep.除……之外 6.promote v.促进，提升；推广→__________ n.提升，晋升；促销 7.guilt n.内疚；犯罪→__________ adj.内疚的；有罪的 enthusiast collapse multiply massive unless promotion guilty (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.(while基本义：conj.与……同时；虽然；当……的时候) ____________ n.一段时间 (三)词块积累 1.let go _____________ 2.keep nutria in check for decades ____________________ 3.cross your mind ______________ 放开，释放 控制海狸鼠几十年 出现在脑海中 59 (四)词汇精研 unless conj.除非 ①__________ you can sleep well，you will lose the ability to focus，plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. ②All the photographs in the book，unless __________ (state) otherwise，date from the 1950s. ③除非被邀请，否则我不会参加明天举办的聚会。 I won’t attend the party to be held tomorrow ______________.  Unless stated unless invited 60 unless是连词， 相当于if not，意为“除非， 如果不”， 引导条件状语从句。 unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。 在unless引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句、从句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。 61 ◎写作素材 unless fully covered in thick clothes除非全身穿着厚衣服 unless otherwise specified除非另有说明 62 Part 2　句型 (一)长难句分析 To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing，at least here in New York. [结构分析]　本句破折号前面不是完整句子，可以理解为破折号后that所指代的内容。破折号前半句中的that引导同位语从句，解释说明前面的option。破折号后的that是一般代词，不是从句引导词。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 给人们一个无内疚感的选择，他们可以穿皮草，没有人会朝他们泼油漆——我觉得这会是一件大事，至少在纽约是这样的。 (二)句型精析 Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.设计师詹妮弗·安德森承认，她过了一段时间才接受了这个观点：使用海狸鼠皮来创作在道义上是可以接受的。  [句型公式]　It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.意为“(某人)花费多少时间做某事”，it在句中为形式主语，后面的不定式短语to do sth.是句子真正的主语。此外，take还表示“需要”。 ①It took a few youthful and daring businessmen __________ (get) the ball rolling.  ②A month before the event，I spent hours __________ (work) out a schedule outlining my goals and practical steps. ③The watch was very good，and he paid 20 percent down _________ it. ④公园很拥挤，因此我们花了一段时间才找到一个合适的场地。 The park was very crowded，so it _________________________ an available site.(take)  to get working for took us some time to find sb.spend some time on sth./(in) doing sth.某人花费多少时间做某事 sb.spend some money on sth./(in)doing sth.某人花多少钱买某物/做 某事 sb.pay (sb.)some money for sth.某人为某事/物付给(某人)多少钱 66 ◎写作素材 It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer.他花了很长时间才获得成为一名好的舞蹈家所需要的技能。 Passage 2　阅读七选五(2021·全国甲卷) Swap， Don’t Shop! 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。 You keep hearing about recycling， right? But it doesn’t end with bottles， cans， and paper.Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源) to make， and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment.So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? 　36　.It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes， score clothes from your friends， and have a party all at the same time.  A.Less people than that B.Hold a clothing swap C.If two people are competing D.Just keep music playing throughout E.Donate whatever clothes are left over F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 36.答案：B 解析：上文“So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor?(那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的看起来完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢?)”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes， score clothes from your friends， and have a party all at the same time.(这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法)”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。B项“Hold a clothing swap (进行衣物交换)”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。 A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes， the organization of the event， and， obviously， how much fun is had.It’s really easy to do! Here are a few pointers. ·Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection. 　37　， and there may not be enough things to choose from； more than that， and it becomes uncontrollable.  A.Less people than that B.Hold a clothing swap C.If two people are competing D.Just keep music playing throughout E.Donate whatever clothes are left over F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 37.答案：A 解析：上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.(邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选择)”说明了应该邀请的人数，下文说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。A项“Less people than that (少于这些人)”提出一种假设，和下文中more than that相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。 ·　38　.They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.  A.Less people than that B.Hold a clothing swap C.If two people are competing D.Just keep music playing throughout E.Donate whatever clothes are left over F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 38.答案：G 解析：下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their ‘new’ clothes home.(他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的‘新’衣服带回家)”说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition (告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服)”说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中bring和下文中的carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中they指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。 ·Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. 　39　.Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.  A.Less people than that B.Hold a clothing swap C.If two people are competing D.Just keep music playing throughout E.Donate whatever clothes are left over F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 39.答案：F 解析：上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.(把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方)”指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.(在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子)”提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots (让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上)”说明每个人都应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。 ·Set a starting time.Maybe you say “go”，or turn on a certain song， or whatever. 　40　.And don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits.Remember， it’s a party!  A.Less people than that B.Hold a clothing swap C.If two people are competing D.Just keep music playing throughout E.Donate whatever clothes are left over F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 40.答案：D 解析：上文“Set a starting time.Maybe you say ‘go’，or turn on a certain song， or whatever.(设置开始时间。也许你说‘开始’，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么)”讲到打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits.Remember， it’s a party!(别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个派对)”讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。D项“Just keep music playing throughout (要始终播放音乐)”承上启下，说明在派对上要有音乐，与上文形成意义上的一致，符合题意。 Part 1　词汇 词汇识记 1. __________ n.数量 2. __________ v.堆积，积累 3. _____________ n.组织，机构 4.select vt.挑选；选择→__________ n.选择 amount pile organization selection Part 2　句型 长难句分析 One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on. [结构分析]　句子的主语是One of the ground rules of the swap，谓 语结构是should be，后面的that引导表语从句，从句中的主干部分是everyone must try on the clothes，后面是before引导的时间状语从句，破折号后是解释说明的内容，解释为什么要在拿走之前试穿这些衣服。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 交换的一个基本规则是，每个人在拿走衣服前都必须试穿一下——衣服在穿上时总会看上去不一样。 86 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(教材改编，外研选必四U5)Although the brain _________ (amount) to only about 2% of total body weight， it uses up to 20% of the body’s energy. 2.(教材原句，人教选必一U4)There are three _____________ (component) in any face-to-face communication：words，tone of voice， and body language. amounts components 3.These materials can _____________ (recycle) into other packaging products.  4.The money __________ (collect) should be made good use of to help the people who suffered a lot in the earthquake. 5.You’ll fail the exam __________ you study hard. 6. ____________ (concern) about the health of her son，Mrs.Jackson went to the school to visit him every week. 7.It took him some time __________ (adapt) himself to his new school.  8.Pay attention to your emotional energy and keep it __________ check especially in public. be recycled collected unless Concerned to adapt in Ⅱ.完成句子 1.She would prove him wrong ______________________________ (不论发生什么事).  2.Several of the members have ________________________________ (提出了自己的建议).  3.I sleep with the window open _____________________ (天气若不很冷).  whatever/no matter what happened come up with suggestions of their own unless it’s really cold 4. __________________________________________ (供应物资被运送到当地民众手里) immediately the earthquake happened.  5.There is a learning course ________________________________ (找工作过程中).  The supplies were transported to the local people in the process of seeking employment Ⅲ.语法填空 (教材改编，人教选必三U3)Carbon dioxide 1.____________ (release) through human activities such as destroying forests and burning fossil fuels， as well as natural processes such as volcanic eruptions.The 2.____________ (measurement) by climate experts show a rising trend of carbon dioxide emissions.If this 3.____________ (continue)， our planet will face further environmental disasters.In 4.____________ (respond) to this environmental issue，China is implementing (实施) significant policies and measures to address climate change， aiming 5.____________ (restrict) coal consumption，promote a 6.____________ (harmony) relationship between man and nature， build a sustainable energy system， and advocate a moderate， green， and low-carbon lifestyle.  1.答案：is released 解析：二氧化碳是通过破坏森林和燃烧化石燃料等人类活动以及火山爆发等自然过程释放出来的。根据语境可知，主语Carbon dioxide 与动词 release之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且此处叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填is released。 2.答案：measurements 解析：空处在句中作主语，谓语动词为show，说明主语应用复数形式，故填measurements。 3.答案：continues 解析：if引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时表示将来，且从句的主语为this，故填continues。 4.答案：response 解析：in response to 为固定短语，故填response。 5.答案：to restrict 解析：aim to do sth.为固定用法，表示“力求做某事”，故填to restrict。 6.答案：harmonious 解析：空处作定语，修饰名词relationship，表示“和谐的”，故填 harmonious。 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子) ①众所周知，在海洋深处有各种资源。 As we all know，there are varieties of resources __________________ __________.  ②过去的十年目睹了很多海洋生物的灭绝。 The past decade _______________ that many marine creatures have died out.  at the depth of the ocean has witnessed ③海洋污染受到全球极大的关注。 Marine pollution _________________________ by the whole world.  ④我们应该使人们意识到保护海洋的重要性。事实上，保护海洋就是保护人类。 We must _________________________________________________ __________. As a matter of fact，to protect the ocean is to protect human beings.  has been greatly concerned make people aware of the importance of protecting the ocean ⑤政府应督促立即采取措施保持生态平衡。 The government _______________________________________ to keep the balance of nature.  ⑥无论困难有多大，我们绝不放弃保护海洋。 No matter how great the difficulty is，we will never ________________ ______________.  should urge that immediate measures be taken abandon protecting the ocean ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 2　表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级) 用倒装句式升级句⑥ No matter how great the difficulty is，never will we abandon protecting the ocean.  ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Step 3　衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) 　　As we all know，there are varieties of resources at the depth of the ocean.However，the past decade has witnessed that many marine creatures have died out.Therefore，marine pollution has been greatly concerned by the whole world.  On the one hand，we must make people aware of the importance of protecting the ocean.As a matter of fact，to protect the ocean is to protect human beings.On the other hand，the government should urge that immediate measures be taken to keep the balance of nature.No matter how great the difficulty is，never will we abandon protecting the ocean.  读后续写——素材语料积累 【动作细节描写：看(一)】 单词 look；see；witness；spot；read；study；eye；watch；view；stare；glare；peer；gaze 词块 come into view/sight 进入视野；lock one’s eyes on 盯着；fix/focus one’s eyes on 注视；glance at/around/back/up/down 瞥一眼/环视/回头看/向上看/向下看；take/cast a glance at... 向……看一眼；catch a glimpse of 瞥见；gape at 目瞪口呆地凝视；eyes widen 瞪大眼睛；peep at/through 偷看；steal a glance at 偷偷瞥一眼 句型 It was too dark to read our map and we took a wrong turning. 太黑看不清地图，所以我们转错了弯。 When I approached the old house， a big leafy tree came into view in the distance. 当我走近那幢老房子时，远处有一棵枝繁叶茂的大树映入眼帘。 He couldn’t help eyeing the cakes hungrily. 他饥不可耐地盯着蛋糕。 When James came out and spotted the box， his eyes widened in surprise. 当詹姆斯出来看到盒子时，他惊讶地瞪大了眼睛。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A 　　(2024·河南郑州第二次质量预测)Waterways are important for every country around the world.They provide not only water for everyday use but also routes for transport.However，due to industrial activity，many of them are now polluted. Dakota Perry from the US has experienced water pollution first-hand.The 15-year-old high school girl told Alabama Local News that she spends a lot of time going on boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house.However，the river has become littered with plastic bags，bottles and cups.Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river.So，with the help of her father，she designed a system to collect and remove rubbish in waterways. In May，Perry put forward her solution at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair held in Georgia，the US，and received a Judge’s Award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for her project. According to the Science News for Students website，her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble (气泡) Barrier in Amsterdam，which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system.But Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-friendly.She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally (对角地).The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore.Once there，a conveyor run by a solar-powered battery would carry the waste to a dustbin. In her backyard pool，Perry used an air compressor (压缩机) to send air through a pipe full of holes to create a stream of bubbles.She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain.“For the bubble system to actually work and collect rubbish，” she explained to Science News for Students，“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.” After she tested her system for collecting rubbish，Perry found that it worked better than expected.Next，she plans to work out how to use the power of the river to run the air compressor. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。一位15岁的美国高中女孩Dakota Perry在父亲的帮助下，设计了一款收集和清理河道垃圾的系统。 1.What motivated Perry to design a rubbish-collecting system?(　　) A.Her father’s encouragement. B.Her desire to protect a nearby river. C.A visit to a science and engineering fair. D.An invention of a Dutch high school student. 1 2 3 4 B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The 15-year-old...boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house.However，the river has become littered with plastic bags，bottles and cups.Perry wanted to clean up the water”可知，Perry和她的爸爸喜欢在他们房子后面的河上乘船旅行，然而河里到处都是塑料袋、瓶子和杯子。为了清理河道里的垃圾，保护附近的河流，Perry设计了一款垃圾收集系统。故B项正确。 1 2 3 4 2.What can we know about the rubbish-collecting system?(　　) A.It was designed by Perry alone. B.It makes power to run the air compressor. C.It collects solar energy to remove rubbish. D.It creates a bubble curtain to block rubbish. 1 2 3 4 D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally.The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore.”可知，她计划制作一个气泡屏障，使河流对角线延伸，气泡屏障会阻止漂浮的垃圾，然后把它推向岸边。故D项正确。 1 2 3 4 3.What is the 5th paragraph mainly about?(　　) A.Advantages of the system. B.The way of testing the system. C.The improvement on the system. D.Challenges in the design process. 1 2 3 4 B 解析：段落大意题。根据第五段中的“She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain (她尝试了不同数量的压力，以确保有足够的气泡来形成一个完整的屏障)”和“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out (我得知道空气压缩机应该施加多大的压力)”可知，本段主要讲测试这个系统的方法。故B项正确。 1 2 3 4 4.What kind of person is Perry?(　　) A.Efficient and ambitious. B.Helpful and hard-working. C.Responsible and creative. D.Professional and adventurous. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Perry wanted to clean up the water”可以看出，Perry是一个有社会责任感的人；根据第五段中的“She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles”可以看出，Perry对自己的系统很负责任；根据第四段中的“Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-friendly”可知，Perry是一个有创新精神的人。故C项正确。 1 2 3 4 B 　　(2025·河南郑州第一次质量预测)Many news reports focus on climate change these days.Extreme heat，wildfires，floods，homeless polar bears...How do you feel when reading worrying news about climate change? You may believe that people are becoming insensitive to the warming planet，accepting that it is only getting worse. A research team at The Pennsylvania State University，US，reported otherwise.To record how the news can impact people’s emotions，participants were first exposed to negative news stories about climate change for three days.They then continued to read negative news headlines for seven days.In the first three days，the participants experienced greater fear and less hope，which can potentially hurt an audience’s belief that they can do anything to tackle the problem. However，during the seven-day-long exposure，the fear peaked and then held steady (稳定的).“We saw the opposite pattern in our second study.The more exposure people had to these threatening news stories each day，the more likely they were to think that they could make a difference in tackling climate change，”Christofer Skurka，the paper’s lead author told The Pennsylvania State University website. According to the researchers，one possibility is that when the public hears about climate change threats，they may convince themselves that they have control over the situation.They will then believe that their actions may make a difference. Knowing that everyone is able to help is only the first step. According to a study that analyzed information from 430 different studies，what motivates people the most to change their behavior is social comparison.For example，if a person’s neighbors follow a low-carbon lifestyle，such as driving electric cars，the person may feel social pressure and become more likely to follow this behavior.This happens because people usually judge their own behavior and follow social norms (规范).Another effective motivation is providing financial rewards for consumers，helping them save money. “There are so many routes to our goals，” Matthew Goldberg，the co-author of the study，told Scientific American.As Goldberg pointed out，future research like this can help policymakers decide how best to encourage people toward more climate-friendly habits. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，长期接触气候变化的新闻不会让人变得麻木不仁，反而会激发人们强烈的社会责任感。本文主要介绍了该研究的实施、结果以及如何激发人们保护环境的行为。 5.How did the participants react to negative news in the second study? (　　) A.They found the news unbelievable. B.They lost hope in tackling climate change. C.They experienced greater fear for the future. D.They felt a strong sense of social responsibility. 5 6 7 8 D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We saw the opposite pattern in our second study.The more...they were to think that they could make a difference in tackling climate change”可知，在第二项研究中，参与者每天接触这些威胁性的新闻报道越多，他们就越有可能认为自己可以在应对气候变化方面发挥作用。由此可以推知，参与者感到了一种强烈的社会责任感。故D项正确。 5 6 7 8 6.What encourages people most toward more climate-friendly behavior? (　　) A.Effective policy. B.A healthy lifestyle. C.Social influence. D.Financial support. 5 6 7 8 C 解析：细节理解题。 根据第五段中的“what motivates people the most to change their behavior is social comparison...people usually judge their own behavior and follow social norms”可知，最能促使人们改变行为的是社会比较，接着作者举例来阐述这一观点，并解释这是因为人们通常会评判自己的行为并遵循社会规范。由此可知，社会影响最能鼓励人们采取更有利于气候的行为。故选C。 5 6 7 8 7.What is paragraph 5 mainly about?(　　) A.Responses to climate change education. B.The effectiveness of community initiatives. C.The impact of social norms on the environment. D.Ways to encourage climate-friendly behavior. 5 6 7 8 D 128 解析：段落大意题。根据第五段中的“what motivates people the most to change their behavior is social comparison”和 “Another effective motivation is providing financial rewards for consumers，helping them save money.”可知，第五段主要讲了鼓励人们改变自己的行为、激发人们的气候友好行为的有效方式，故D项正确。 5 6 7 8 129 8.What is Goldberg’s attitude towards similar future research?(　　) A.Doubtful.　　　　　 B.Optimistic. C.Objective. D.Indifferent. 5 6 7 8 B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“future research like this can help policymakers decide how best to encourage people toward more climate-friendly habits”可知，未来像这样的研究可以帮助政策制定者决定如何最好地鼓励人们养成更有利于气候的习惯。由此可见，Goldberg对未来的类似研究充满了希望，故B项正确。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) 　　(2024·山东济南质检)A two-year-old girl in Newberry County had last been seen at about 3：00 p.m.，but she was missing later in the day.The situation took a　1　 turn around 6：00 p.m.，when a hunter in the area heard the cries of the missing child.Reacting immediately，the hunter　2　an emergency call telling authorities the child’s location.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 　　The operators　3　 immediately，applying advanced mapping technology to locate the position.This crucial information was then 　4　 sent to the South Carolina Law Enforcement Division (SLED) and the county’s first　5　.  　　With the location data in hand，the search and rescue team was quickly　6　 to the wooded area.The tireless efforts of these rescue workers ultimately 　7　a heartwarming reunion.The missing two-year-old girl was found in the forest，safe and sound except some 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 slight injuries.Despite her　8　experience，she was found to be in surprisingly good 　9　，except her understandable tiredness，thirst and fear.  　　The　10　 rescue was the result of the 　11　 between different departments and the community as a whole.The Newberry County Sheriff ’s Office expressed their 　12　 for the efforts of everyone involved，including citizens，and those　13　 their thoughts during the search.And they showed their relief at the 　14　 of the little girl in the care of family.Their heroic actions will be　15　as a heartwarming success story in Newberry County for years to come.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个两岁的小女孩丢失了，在救援中，各部门行动迅速、积极配合、坚持不懈，使得孩子及时得救的故事。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1.A.disappointing　　　　 B.hopeful C.reasonable D.challenging 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据下文的“when a hunter in the area heard the cries of the missing child”可知，该地区的一名猎人听到了失踪儿童的哭声，因此此处表示情况出现了有希望的转变，故选B。disappointing“令人失望的，令人沮丧的”；reasonable“合理的，有理由的，公平的”；challenging“挑战性的”。 2.A.placed B.received C.missed D.answered 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据下文的“telling authorities the child’s location”并结合语境可知，此处表示猎人拨打紧急电话，告诉当地部门孩子的位置，故选A。place an emergency call“拨打紧急电话”。receive“收到”；miss“错过，思念”；answer“回答，答复”。 3.A.appeared B.escaped C.acted D.arrived 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据空后的“applying advanced mapping technology to locate the position”可知，电话接线员立刻行动，应用先进的测绘技术进行定位，故选C。appear“出现”；escape“逃离”；arrive“到达”。 4.A.optionally B.carefully C.entirely D.rapidly 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据下文的“With the location data in hand，the search and rescue team was quickly...”可知，这一关键信息随后被迅速发送给南卡罗来纳州执法部门，故选D项“迅速地”。optionally“可选择地”；carefully“小心地，仔细地”；entirely“完全地，完整地”。 5.A.discoverers B.rescuers C.operators D.survivors 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据下文的“the search and rescue team”和“these rescue workers”可知，此处指本县的第一批营救人员，故选B。discoverer“发现者”；operator“电话接线员，操作员”；survivor“幸存者”。 6.A.adapting B.returning C.heading D.pointing 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据下文的“The tireless efforts of these rescue workers”可知，有了定位数据，搜救队快速前往树林地带，开展搜救工作，故选C。head to“前往……”；adapt to“适应”；return to“返回到……”；point to“指向……”。 7.A.paid for B.set up C.took on D.led to 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：这些营救人员坚持不懈的努力最终促成了一次温馨感人的团聚，故选D。pay for“付……费用”；set up“建立，成立”；take on“呈现”；lead to“导致，造成(后果)”。 8.A.frightening B.regretful C.annoying D.shameful 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据上文的描述并结合常识可知，2岁的小女孩在树林里走丢，这是令人害怕的经历。故选A项“可怕的，令人害怕的，吓人的”。regretful“遗憾的，后悔的，失望的”；annoying“使生气的”；shameful“可耻的，丢脸的”。 9.A.shape B.mind C.order D.faith 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据上文的“The missing...safe and sound except some slight injuries.”可知，失踪的两岁小女孩最终在森林中被发现，除了一些轻伤，安然无恙。故选A。in good shape“(身体)状况良好”；in good order“很整齐”；in good faith“诚心诚意”。 10.A.risky B.remarkable C.traditional D.joyful 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据上文的描述和下文的“the efforts of everyone...thoughts during the search”可知，这次引人注目的营救是不同部门和整个社区合作的结果。故选B。risky“有风险的”；remarkable“非凡的，引人注目的”；traditional“传统的”；joyful“快乐的，令人愉快的”。 11.A.respect B.cooperation C.balance D.discussion 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：参见上一题解析。respect“尊重”；cooperation“合作”；balance“平衡”；discussion“讨论”。 12.A.blessing B.kindness C.concern D.gratitude 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据空后的“for the efforts of everyone involved”可知，纽贝里县治安官办公室对所有相关人员的努力表达感激，故选D。blessing“祝福，赞同”；kindness“善良，宽容”；concern“担心，忧虑”；gratitude“感激，感谢”。 13.A.offering B.praising C.advocating D.assessing 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据空后的“their thoughts”和常识可知，在搜救过程中，一些热心肠的人给出了他们的意见，故选A。offer“提供(东西或机会)，主动提出”；praise“赞扬，表扬”；advocate“提倡，支持”；assess“评估，评定(性质、质量)”。 14.A.performance B.virtue C.recovery D.courage 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：该空与上文的“showed their relief”相呼应。他们对小女孩在家人照顾下的康复表示欣慰，故选C。performance“表演，演出”；virtue“美德，德行”；recovery“恢复，康复”；courage“勇气”。 15.A.edited B.perfected C.conducted D.celebrated 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据空后的“as a heartwarming success story”可知，他们的英勇行为将在未来几年作为纽贝里县一个感人的成功故事被颂扬，故选D。edit“编辑，剪辑”；perfect“使完善，使完美，使完备”；conduct“执行”；celebrate“赞美，颂扬”。 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.1：industrial adj.工业的，产业的 Para.2：first-hand adv.第一手得来地，直接地 remove v.移开，拿开，去掉 Para.4：direct v.指引，指向，引导；把……对准 stretch v.拉长，撑大；拉直 核心短语 Para.3：put forward提出(计划、建议、意见等) B篇 核心单词 Para.3：peak v.达到高峰 Para.6：climate-friendly adj.有利于气候的 派生词汇 Para.1：insensitive adj.漠不关心的；(对某事物)无感觉；麻木不仁的→sensitive adj.神经过敏的；体贴的，善解人意的；敏感的 Para.2：potentially adv.可能地，潜在地→potential n.潜力；可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的 Para.3：threatening adj.威胁(性)的，恐吓(性)的；乌云密布的→threaten v.威胁；危及，对……构成威胁→threat n.威胁，恐吓 核心短语 Para.2：be exposed to...接触到……，暴露于…… $$