话题28 自然环境、自然遗产保护-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境三　人与自然 主题(二)　环境保护 话题28　自然环境、自然遗产保护 1 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 巩固提升 2 高考真题精研 第一组 Passage 1　语法填空(2024·全国甲卷·D) 　　[语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏，并为此做出了许多努力。 　　Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level， the national parks， in particular， tend 61.____________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.They are 62.____________ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产).How did the national park system come about? On a cool， starry night in mid-September 1870， four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 63.____________ is now northwestern Wyoming. They 64.____________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.  61.答案：to catch 解析：考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 62.答案：treasures 解析：考查名词的单复数。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合上文they are可知，应用复数形式，故填treasures。 63.答案：what 解析：考查宾语从句。下文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。 64.答案：were 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。本空前they指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系下文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 What should 65.____________ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud.This area， with 66.____________ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty， must be well preserved 67.____________ all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68.____________ (complete) of their journey.Their promotional work paid off.Two years later， 18 years before Wyoming became a state， Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world.Yellowstone was the 69. ____________ (large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska，70. ____________ became a national monument in 1978， took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.  65.答案：be done 解析：考查被动语态。主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 66.答案：its 解析：考查代词。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 67.答案：for 解析：考查介词。介词for表示目的，此处意为“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。故填for。 68.答案：completion 解析：考查词性转换。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete的名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 69.答案：largest 解析：考查形容词最高级。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，此处应用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。 70.答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。本空所在句为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，在从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ adj.令人惊叹的；令人敬畏的；很困难的；很好的 2. __________ adj.唯一的；独特的；特有的 3. __________ v.保存 4. __________ v.促进；促销；晋升；使……升级 awesome unique preserve promote (二)词块积累 1.at any level _______________ 2.come about _____________ 3.pay off __________ 在任何层次上 发生；产生 取得成功 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska， which became a national monument in 1978， took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. [结构分析]　此处until连接时间状语从句，时间状语从句中包含which引导的定语从句。 15 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园——占地220万英亩，直到阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔—圣伊莱亚斯1978年成为国家公园的丰碑，1980年以1 230万英亩的土地成为国家公园。  16 Passage 2　阅读理解(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·D) 　　As cities balloon with growth，access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.If you’re lucky，there might be a pocket park near where you live，but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans， but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. The research team focused on a large urban park.They surveyed several hundred park-goers，asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.The researchers then examined these submissions，coding (编码) experiences into different categories.For example，one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”. Across the 320 submissions，a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge.After the coding of all submissions， half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife，walking along the edge of water，and following an established trail.  Naming each nature experience creates a usable language，which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.For example，the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.Back downtown during a workday，they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.  “We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.And for that to happen，we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，” said Peter Kahn，a senior author of the study. 　　[语篇解读]　作者通过对一项新的研究结果及其过程的描述，向读者介绍了与大自然互动对人类健康的重要性，同时也指出要保护大自然。 32.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A.Pocket parks are now popular. B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities. C.Many cities are overpopulated. D.People enjoy living close to nature. 答案：B 32 33 34 35 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find (城市居民越来越难以接触大自然)”以及“it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild(在一个城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，在城市里很难接触大自然。故B项正确。 32 33 34 35 33.Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories? A.To compare different types of park-goers. B.To explain why the park attracts tourists. C.To analyze the main features of the park. D.To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries. 答案：D 32 33 34 35 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Across the 320 submissions，a pattern of categories...began to emerge.(在320份提交的材料中，一种被研究人员称为‘自然语言’的类别模式开始出现)”可知，研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故D项正确。 32 33 34 35 34.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5? A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature. C.The same nature experience takes different forms. D.The nature language enhances work performance. 答案：C 32 33 34 35 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段所举的例子“...the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying...a fountain on their lunch break.”可知，年轻的职业人士周末可以在公园徒步旅行，周内可以沿着喷泉散步，用不同的形式去体验自然，即同样的与自然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式。故C项正确。 32 33 34 35 35.What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn? A.Language study. B.Environmental conservation. C.Public education. D.Intercultural communication. 答案：B 32 33 34 35 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段Kahn的话“And for that to happen，we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it (为了实现这一点，我们还需要保护自然，以便与之互动)”可知，我们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然。故B项正确。 32 33 34 35 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ adj.城市的 2. __________ adv.相对地；相当地；相当程度上 3. __________ n.健康 4. ____________ n.福祉 5. __________ n.类别；(人或事物的)种类 6. __________ v.遭遇，邂逅，遇到 urban relatively wellness well-being category encounter 7. ____________ adj.已确立的，已获确认的，确定的 8. __________ adj.可用的；适用的；能用的 9. __________ adj.本国的，国内的；家用的；享受家庭乐趣的 10.access n.通道，通路，入径；(使用或见到的)机会，权利→__________ adj.可使用的；可进入的；可接近的；平易近人的 11.emerge vi.出现，浮现→__________ n.出现，浮现 established usable domestic accessible emergence (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 1.As cities balloon with growth，access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.(balloon基本义：n.气球) __________ 2.After the coding of all submissions， half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors.(note基本义：n.& v.记录；笔记) ___________________ 3.Back downtown during a workday，they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.(break基本义：v.打破) ______________ v.膨胀 v.认为，视为 n.休息时间 32 (三)词块积累 a pocket park __________ 袖珍公园 33 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 1.After the coding of all submissions， half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. [结构分析]　本句中的as 并不是as...as结构的省略，这里的结构其实是 note...as...(认为/指出……是……)结构的被动式，可视为在as后面省略了being。be noted as意为“被认为是……”。句中的most often修饰were noted，所以were noted most often as 的意思是“被最常认为/视为……”。 类似用法又如： The OED notes the sense as being common in Scotch law phraseology.《牛津英语词典》指出，这个意思在苏格兰法律用语中很常见。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，其中有六个类别被最常视为对访问者很重要。 2.Naming each nature experience creates a usable language，which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. [结构分析]　Naming each nature experience是动名词作主语；which 引导非限制性定语从句；that引导的定语从句修饰名词the activities。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 命名每一种自然体验都会创造出一种可用的语言，这种语言帮助人们识别并参与对他们来说非常满意、非常有意义的活动。 第二组 Passage 1　语法填空(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) 　　 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国筹建的大熊猫国家公园的相关情况。 　　The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP).56._________ (cover) an area about three times 57._________ size of Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58. _________ (be) previously unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59. _________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.  56.答案：Covering 解析：考查非谓语动词。该句谓语部分为will be，故此处应用非谓语动词作状语；cover与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用其现在分词形式作伴随状语。空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Covering。 57.答案：the 解析：考查冠词。名词单数size前需要冠词，构成倍数表达法“倍数+the size of+名词”，表示“……的大小的几倍大”。 58.答案：were 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本空所在句是关系代词that引导的定语从句，先行词为a significant number of areas，故谓语动词的单复数应该与名词复数areas保持一致；空后的previously unprotected表明这个定语从句叙述的是过去发生的事。故填were。 59.答案：to increase 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处在句中作目的状语，表示“以便提高管理的有效性并降低不一致性”。 　　After a three-year pilot period，the GPNP will be officially set up next year.The GPNP 60.____________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，61.____________ leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”.The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62.___________ (population) and homes of giant pandas，and 63.____________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.  60.答案：is designed 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。GPNP作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；GPNP与design之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；结合语境可知，此处叙述的是现在的客观情况，用一般现在时。故填is designed。 61.答案：and 解析：考查连词。通过句子结构“protecting...，preserving...，protecting...leaving”可以看出，这里需用并列连词来连接多个并列成分。故填and。 62.答案：populations 解析：考查名词的单复数。population在这里表示“种群”，是可数名词，由空前的separate可知，应填名词复数populations。 63.答案：eventually 解析：考查词性转换。该空修饰动词achieve，应填所给词的副词形式eventually。 Giant pandas also serve 64.____________ an umbrella species (物种)，bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65.____________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.  64.答案：as 解析：考查介词。动词短语serve as在此处表示“起作用，产生效果”。 65.答案：that 解析：考查定语从句。先行词the species指物，并且其前有all修饰，故此处用关系代词that。 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ v.最后决定 2. __________ v.扩大；提供，给予，表示 3. __________ n.管理机构 4. ______________ n.不一致(之处)；前后矛盾(的事情)；不协调 5. __________ adj.期望得到的；希望实现的 finalize extend authority inconsistency desired 6. __________ n.缓冲器；缓存区 vt.缓冲；存储；缓存 7.previous adj.先前的→____________ adv.先前，以往 8.ecology n.生态学→__________ adj.生态的 9.authentic adj.真实的；真正的；真品的→____________ n.真实性；确实性 buffer previously ecological authenticity (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species，bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.(umbrella 基本义：n.伞) __________ n.保护 48 (三)词块积累 1.be intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _________________________________ 2.leave behind precious natural assets for future generations _______________________ 3.a host of plants and animals ______________ 打算为所有物种提供更强的保护 为后代留下宝贵的资产 许多动植物 49 (四)词汇精研 desire n.渴望v.渴望；期望 ①If you desire _______________ (challenge) yourself，there is nothing to do with others’ thoughts.  ②A measure of technical knowledge is _________ (desire) in this job. to challenge desirable 50 ③每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。 →Everyone ______________ success while success only belongs to the hard-working people.(desire n.)  →Everyone ___________________ while success only belongs to the hard-working people.(desire v.)  has a desire for desires to succeed •a desire for sth.渴望得到某物 have a desire to do...有做……的欲望/愿望 •desire to do sth.渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事 desire that sb.(should+) do希望某人做…… •desirable adj.向往的；值得拥有的 52 ◎写作素材 desire to win the game渴望赢得比赛 the desire to look attractive is universal爱美之心，人皆有之 achieve the desired effect达到预期效果 have a strong desire to help and care for people 非常渴望能够帮助和照顾他人 53 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. [结构分析]　这是一个复合句。主句为The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas；其后that引导定语从句，修饰areas；动词-ing形式短语bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority作结果状语；不定式短语to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management作目的状语。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 该计划将保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的区域，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，从而提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。 Passage 2　语法填空(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) 　　Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 56.____________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57.__________ (human) are.  　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者爬黄山的见闻和感受。 56.答案：What 解析：考查名词性从句。该句中的“56.________ is so breathtaking about the experience”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以用what；位于句首，首字母应大写。  57.答案：humans 解析：考查名词的单复数。该空与主语we 是同位语，所以用复数 。 The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will 58.____________ (undoubted) help you getrefreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets， the 59. ____________ (hot) the spring! Strange， isn’t it? But that’s how nature is—always leaving us 60.____________ (astonish).  58.答案：undoubtedly 解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词help应用副词形式。 59.答案：hotter 解析：考查形容词的比较级。此处属于“the+比较级...the+比较级...”结构，意为“越……越……”。前面用的是the colder，所以此处用the hotter。 60.答案：astonished 解析：考查词性转换。此处说明us的状态，所以用astonished。 What comes next is the endless series of steps.You can’t help wondering how hard it 61.__________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain， still it highlights the whole adventure 62.____________ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63.____________ (ache) legs.  61.答案：was 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用 was。 62.答案：and 解析：考查连词。空格后的动词offers与前面的动词highlights构成并列关系，所以用and。 63.答案：aching 解析：考查非谓语动词。修饰 legs 用现在分词aching，表示主动和进行的动作。 As the song goes， this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory.It sure does in 64.____________ (I).While you’re in China， Mount Huangshan is 65.____________ must to visit!   64.答案：mine 解析：考查代词。上文提到in the visitor’s memory，此处相当于in my memory，所以用 mine 代替 my memory。 65.答案：a 解析：考查冠词。a must to visit意为“一处必须去的地方”。 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. ________________ 超凡脱俗的，了不起的，极好的 2. __________ adj.神清气爽的  3. __________ v.突出；强调；使显著 4.astonish v.使吃惊，使惊讶→__________ adj.吃惊的；惊讶的→____________ adj.令人吃惊的，令人惊讶的→______________ n.吃惊，惊讶  out-of-this-world refreshed highlight astonished astonishing astonishment (二)词汇精研 refresh vt.使……恢复；使振作；(电脑)刷新，更新 ①His humorous singing style was so __________ (refresh) that it made a deep impression on people. ②When the container is full，you can suck the __________ (refresh) out through the tube. ③Its makers say that should ensure you wake up feeling __________ (refresh) every morning. ④总算受到一次认真对待，这变化真是令人耳目一新。 It made ____________________ to be taken seriously for once.  refreshing refreshment refreshed a refreshing change •refresh one’s memory 唤起某人的记忆 •refreshing adj.令人耳目一新的；使人凉爽的 •refreshment n.点心；起提神作用的东西；恢复活力 •refreshed adj.清爽的 66 ◎写作素材 Chinese refreshments 中式茶点；中国点心；中式点心 fuel refreshment 燃料补充；燃料补给 Part 2　句型 句型精析 The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets， the hotter the spring!这里的温泉令人惊奇的是，气温越低，温泉越热!  [句型公式]　本句为“the+比较级...the+比较级...”结构。 ①The longer he waited outside the operating room，the ____________ (anxious) he became.  ②The more roads and parking lots we pave，the __________ (little) water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. ③The more we do for the people，the _________ (happy) we will feel. ④他面临的困难越复杂，他就越冷静、越勇敢。 ____________________ the difficulties he faces，the calmer and braver he is.  more anxious less happier The more complicated •“the+比较级(+主语+谓语)，the+比较级(+主语+谓语)”意为“越……，就越……”。 •“比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。 •“the more...the less...”意为“越……越不……”。 70 ◎写作素材 The more she thought，the less she could fall asleep.她想得越多，就越无法入睡。  基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(教材改编，人教选必四U1)The Three-Body Problem， written by Chinese writer Liu Cixin， is one of those _____________ (astonish) predictions about the future. 2. __________ (tell) the truth， I don’t know if I can handle the job.  3.Protective measures are necessary if the city’s monuments are to _____________ (preserve).  4.The difficulty of a problem was defined in terms __________ how long it took to complete. astonishing To tell be preserved of 5.Your clothes are often a __________ (reflect) of your personality. 6.Any event attended by the actor received widespread media __________ (cover). 7.An essay not __________ (submit) in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. 8.The more focused your attention is，the __________ (high) your work efficiency will be. reflection coverage submitted higher Ⅱ.完成句子 1. ___________________ (就数量而言)，production grew faster than ever before.  2.He has talked himself into a position where he will ______________ ____________ (别无选择只能离开).  3.There are 120 students whose ages ___________________ (他们的年龄从10岁到18岁).  4.Housework has traditionally been ________________________ (被认为是女士的工作).  5. _________________________ (你越忧虑)， the less likely you are to pass this test.  In terms of quantity have no option but to leave range from 10 to 18 regarded as women’s work The more anxious you are 1 2 3 4 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　(教材改编，北师大选必一U3)Opponents of factory farming say that it is cruel to the animals.For instance， many farm animals are kept in small spaces where they can 　1　 move.People who fight for animal rights claim that these animals 　2　 terrible stress.In addition to this，factory farming has a 　3　 impact on the environment because it creates a lot of waste products， and uses a lot of chemicals to control insects and drugs to 　4　 diseases (UK Farming Today，2013).  显示原文 1 2 3 4 1.A.freely　　　　　　　　 B.hardly C.extremely D.quickly 答案：B 解析：根据上文中的“it is cruel to the animals”和“many farm animals are kept in small spaces”可知，许多农场动物被饲养在狭小的空间里，它们几乎无法移动，这对动物们来说是很残忍的。因此hardly“几乎不”符合语境，故选B。 1 2 3 4 2.A.protest B.release C.cause D.suffer 答案：D 解析：根据上文内容可知，许多农场动物被饲养在狭小的空间里，它们几乎无法移动，它们可能遭受着严重的压力。suffer“(身体或精神上)受苦，遭受(痛苦)”符合语境，故选D。 显示原文 1 2 3 4 3.A.negative B.global C.positive D.economic 答案：A 解析：根据下文中的“creates a lot of waste products...diseases”可知，工厂化养殖对环境造成了不良影响。negative“有害的，不良的”符合语境，故选A。 显示原文 1 2 3 4 4.A.examine B.infect C.treat D.research 答案：C 解析：根据语境和常识可知，工厂化养殖使用药物是为了治疗(treat)疾病，故选C。 显示原文 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子) ①现在越来越多的人关注环境保护。 Nowadays an increasing number of people _____________________ _________________________.  ②他们已经意识到空气污染对人们的健康有不好的影响。 They have realized that _____________________________ people’s health.  are concerned about the environmental protection air pollution has a bad effect on ③在某些地方，污染非常严重，使得人们很难呼吸到新鲜空气。 In some places，the pollution is very serious，and _______________ ___________________________.  ④为了保护环境，我们应开展大规模的环保活动，而不是抱怨。 ______________________________，we should _____________ ______________________________.  makes it hard for people to breathe fresh air In order to protect the environment start a mass campaign rather than complain ⑤应督促政府关闭排放有毒废物的工厂。 The government _____________________ factories which discharge poisonous waste.  ⑥如果可能的话，我们应种植更多的树木以吸收二氧化碳并放出 氧气。 If it is possible，we should plant more trees to __________ carbon dioxide and __________ oxygen.  should be urged to close take in give out ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 2　表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级) ①用分词作结果状语升级句③ In some places，the pollution is very serious，making it hard for us to breathe fresh air. ②用省略句升级句⑥ If possible，we should plant more trees to take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.  ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Step 3　衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) Nowadays an increasing number of people are concerned about the environmental protection.They have realized that atmosphere pollution has a bad effect on people’s health.In some places，the pollution is very serious，making it hard for us to breathe fresh air.As far as I’m concerned，in order to protect the environment，we should start a mass campaign rather than complain.For one thing，the government should be urged to shut factories which discharge poisonous waste.For another，if possible，we should plant more trees to take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. 读后续写——素材语料积累 【动作细节描写：跑、走、冲】 单词 run； race； jog； fly； wander； trot； stroll； bound； dash； charge； rush； stride 词块 break into a run撒腿就跑；break into a trot加速小跑；dash/rush for向……冲去； burst into冲进……； make a rush for冲向； charge out/into冲出/冲进 句型 My sister Angie screamed， bounced/sprang from the table and ran down the hall. 我姐姐安琪尖叫着，从桌子上蹦起来朝走廊跑去。 Mama looked very surprised， then angry， and then broke into a run after Angie. 妈妈看起来很惊讶，然后又很生气，然后加速小跑开始追赶安琪。 After dinner， Bruce left the hotel to wander the park nearby. 晚饭后，布鲁斯离开酒店到附近的公园里闲逛。 They strolled along the riverbank， admiring the setting sun. 他们沿着河堤散步，欣赏日落。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A 　　(2024·河南适应性测试)As any gardener knows， nature doesn’t need much space to grow strong and healthy—give her an inch， and she’ll take a mile! Here are four impressive examples of nature reclaiming (利用) our world for itself with amazing results. Houtouwan， China It lies on the island of Shengshan Town on the furthermost edge of a group of islands.The only way to get there is by private boat， or by bus， and then by ship.Its isolation (隔绝) was one of the prime factors leading to the abandonment of the village in the 1990s.Now， its walls and streets become green with overgrowth. Spreepark， Germany Spreepark was closed in 2001 and the local plant life soon got to work.Structures in use since the park originally opened in 1969 were quickly covered by leaves.Now， an initiative aims to bring the site back to life. Vallone dei Mulini， Italy Its high humidity (湿度) encouraged a microclimate perfect for plant growth.As the abandoned buildings fell apart， the ruins and their surroundings became completely overgrown.Photographs taken of the site in 2006 went widespread online. Beng Mealea， Cambodia Though constructed around 900 years ago， this grand temple is far less frequented than its more famous neighbour， Angkor Wat.In 2020， it was submitted for consideration as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Natural decline， among other factors， has caused serious damage to the site， allowing the surrounding jungle to overrun and combine with it. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个成功回归自然、融入自然的典型例子。 1.What mainly caused Houtouwan’s abandonment?(　　) A.Its wet climate. B.The overgrowth of plants. C.Its separate location. D.The aging of walls and streets. 1 2 3 C 解析：细节理解题。 根据Houtouwan，China部分中的“The only way to get there...leading to the abandonment of the village in the 1990s.”可知，到达此地很不方便，要先坐私家小船或公交车，然后再坐船，所以此地的地理位置的隔离是导致其被遗弃的主要原因。故选C项。 1 2 3 2.Which place once became popular online?(　　) A.Houtouwan.　　　　　 B.Spreepark. C.Vallone dei Mulini. D.Beng Mealea. 1 2 3 C 解析：细节理解题。根据Vallone dei Mulini， Italy部分中的“Photographs taken of the site in 2006 went widespread online.”可知，曾在网上很受欢迎的是Vallone dei Mulini。故选C项。 3.What feature do the four places share?(　　) A.They are World Heritage Sites. B.They are being taken back by nature. C.They are nearly 1，000 years old. D.They are regaining their original state. 1 2 3 B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Here are four impressive examples of nature reclaiming our world for itself with amazing results.”可知，文章所列举的四个地点均是成功回归自然、融入自然的例子，故B项“它们正被自然夺回”正确。 B 　　(2024·山东青岛调研检测)Tree-planting，intended to help draw down carbon dioxide from the atmosphere，has become a synonym (同义词) for climate action.In our constant focus on trees，we’ve developed a fixed understanding：Trees absorb carbon dioxide，end of story.The reality is that trees don’t grow well alone.They exist within complex communities，helped along by each other as well as the animals they coexist with.The woodland isn’t nature’s only carbon sink：Grasslands and oceans also help reduce the carbon level and rely on a healthy amount of biodiversity. That’s what the paper，published in Nature，wants to get across.Co-author Oswald J.Schmitz，a professor of ecology at Yale University，said trees might not be able to do their carbon-uptake job efficiently without the right animals in their ecosystem.That’s because animals animate the carbon cycle through their behavior and roles in the ecosystem.He added that the very presence of wild animals could cause feedback effects that change the ecosystem’s capacity to absorb，release，or transport carbon. In Serengeti，for instance，the sharp decline in wildebeest (角马) populations during the mid-20th century allowed grass to grow wildly，eventually promoting wildfires that consumed 80 percent of the ecosystem annually and led to a net release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.When disease management and bans on illegal hunting helped animal populations recover，a greater share of the carbon stored in plants was consumed by wildebeest and released as waste，keeping it in the system and restoring the grassland as a carbon sink. Researchers rarely consider wildlife conservation as a strategy to increase an ecosystem’s carbon storage capacity，said Schmitz.“They think that animals either aren’t important enough or that you can’t take up carbon and conserve animals at the same time，” he said.“Our message is that you can and should.It can be a win-win situation for both biodiversity conservation and carbon uptake.” We need a full picture—with both trees and animals—to explore nature’s full potential. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了树木在生态系统中能够与动物相互作用，并借助动物来履行自己职责的事实。 4.What can we learn from the first paragraph?(　　) A.Actions are needed to reduce carbon dioxide. B.Trees are a quick solution to the climate crisis. C.People are not thinking through trees properly. D.Grasslands and oceans help maintain biodiversity. 4 5 6 7 C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，人们对树木的固定理解和事实并不一致。即人们对树木的看法不正确。故选C。 5.What does the underlined word “animate” in paragraph 2 mean? (　　) A.Activate. B.Restart. C.Disturb. D.Break. 4 5 6 7 A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句并结合画线词所在句可知，树木所在的生态系统中没有动物时，树木不能进行碳吸收工作；但是当有动物时，树木就可以有效地完成碳吸收工作。这说明动物能激活树木完成碳吸收工作。那么，画线词应意为“激活”。故选A。 6.What does the author want to say by mentioning wildebeest?(　　) A.The conservation of animals is still a serious issue. B.Animals can swing the ecosystem’s capacity to store carbon. C.Human impacts bring about the reduction in wildlife populations. D.The increase in animal species causes a decrease in carbon uptake. 4 5 6 7 B 104 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，野生动物能改变生态系统吸收、释放和运输碳的能力。再结合第三段可知，在塞伦盖蒂，角马的数量在20世纪中期急剧下降，使得草疯狂生长，最终引发了野火，每年消耗80%的生态系统，并导致二氧化碳净释放到大气中。但是当动物种群恢复时，储存在植物中的大部分碳被角马消耗并作为废物释放出来，使其留在生态系统中，并恢复草原作为碳汇的作用。由此可推知，文章提及角马是为了说明野生动物的存在可以改变生态系统储存碳的能力。故选B。 4 5 6 7 105 7.Which of the following is the best title for the text?(　　) A.Animals Adjust Themselves to Climate Change B.Woodland Isn’t the Only Carbon Sink on the Earth C.The Serengeti Ecosystem Needs Urgent Improvement D.Trees May Fail to Fulfil Their Duties Without Animals 4 5 6 7 D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章结合实例讲述了树木在生态系统中与动物的相互作用，从而说明：没有动物的话，树木可能无法履行自己的职责。故选D。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) 　　(2024·甘肃兰州诊断考试) How to Create Good Habits 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。根据《欧洲社会心理学杂志》上发表的一项研究，形成一个新习惯平均需要66天。然而，仅仅依靠决心可能不是答案。 107 Have you ever made a promise to yourself that you didn’t keep? Commonly，when the new year ticks over，we make resolutions：going to the gym，studying harder or giving up a bad habit.1( ) But what if you want to create a new good habit? Well，it’s possible，but willpower might not be the only thing you need.  A.Eat something you like. B.Learn something new every day. C.You should also avoid trying to change too much at once. D.Sadly，not long after we’ve made promises，we often end up breaking them. E.An example of this would be having breakfast or saying “please” and “thank you”. F.Is it of great importance for people to form a good habit of keeping a balanced diet? G.Do you want to lose weight because you want to be healthier or feel more attractive? 1.答案：D 解析：空前提到在新年开始的时候我们通常会下决心：要去健身房，更努力学习或者放弃一个坏习惯。空后讲如果你想培养一个好习惯还是有可能的，劝我们不要放弃。空处应与上文为转折关系，承上启下，故D项“令人难过的是，在我们作出承诺后不久，我们经常以违背它们而告终”符合语境。 The basic idea of a habit is something we do almost unconsciously，as if you’re on autopilot. 2( ) Good habits can be part of your daily routine.But if we don’t have those habits，how can we create them? According to a study published in the European Journal of Social Psychology，it takes an average of 66 days to form a new habit. However，relying only on determination may not be the answer.  A.Eat something you like. B.Learn something new every day. C.You should also avoid trying to change too much at once. D.Sadly，not long after we’ve made promises，we often end up breaking them. E.An example of this would be having breakfast or saying “please” and “thank you”. F.Is it of great importance for people to form a good habit of keeping a balanced diet? G.Do you want to lose weight because you want to be healthier or feel more attractive? 2.答案：E 解析：空前讲有些习惯是我们无意识地做某事，所以此处应是对“something we do almost unconsciously”的举例说明。E项“其中一个例子就是吃早饭或说‘请’和‘谢谢’”承接上文，符合语境。 Questioning why you want something to be the norm (常态) rather than relying on your resolve (决心) could be the key.3( ) The issue is，willpower could be subject to your mood—a bad mood may mean you don’t want to do something.  A.Eat something you like. B.Learn something new every day. C.You should also avoid trying to change too much at once. D.Sadly，not long after we’ve made promises，we often end up breaking them. E.An example of this would be having breakfast or saying “please” and “thank you”. F.Is it of great importance for people to form a good habit of keeping a balanced diet? G.Do you want to lose weight because you want to be healthier or feel more attractive? 3.答案：G 解析：空前讲要问你自己为什么想要让某件事情成为常态，而不是依赖决心是很重要的。空后讲问题是意志力会受到情绪的影响，糟糕的情绪意味着你不想做某事。下文是对问题的解释。故G项“你想减肥是因为你想健康还是想更有吸引力呢”符合上下文语境。 4( ) Giving up all your favourite foods，going to the gym，and stopping drinking at the same time will probably result in failure rather than sustainable practice.And don’t worry about failing—just start again!  A.Eat something you like. B.Learn something new every day. C.You should also avoid trying to change too much at once. D.Sadly，not long after we’ve made promises，we often end up breaking them. E.An example of this would be having breakfast or saying “please” and “thank you”. F.Is it of great importance for people to form a good habit of keeping a balanced diet? G.Do you want to lose weight because you want to be healthier or feel more attractive? 4.答案：C 解析：本空位于段首，应是这一段的主旨句。空后提到“放弃所有你最喜欢的食物，去健身房，同时戒酒的做法很可能会导致失败而不是持续的实践”，这些做法都是一下子改变太多。故C项“你也应该避免试图一下子改变太多”符合语境。 Finally，don’t do things outside your comfort zone.If you hate mushrooms，don’t persevere and try to add them to your diet just to be healthier. 5( ) It might not be quick，but if you follow these tips，you may be able to change something for the better or kick a bad habit. A.Eat something you like. B.Learn something new every day. C.You should also avoid trying to change too much at once. D.Sadly，not long after we’ve made promises，we often end up breaking them. E.An example of this would be having breakfast or saying “please” and “thank you”. F.Is it of great importance for people to form a good habit of keeping a balanced diet? G.Do you want to lose weight because you want to be healthier or feel more attractive? 5.答案：A 解析：上文提到“不要做超出你舒适区的事情。如果你讨厌蘑菇，不用坚持，不用为了更健康而把它们添加到你的饮食当中”，故A项“吃你喜欢吃的”对上文进行小结，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 　　(2024·福建福州质量检测)You enter through a round entrance known as a moon gate.There before you，is a 1 __________ (cover) passage made of red wood， leading you past a walled courtyard. Along the edges of the courtyard are piles of rocks， among which 2 __________ (grow) bamboo.The whole scene is like a painting； 3 __________ every step you take， another part of the painting is unrolled. covered grows with 4 ______________________ (step) into the courtyard， you look over the scene.Latticed (格状的) windows in the walls reveal yet more bamboo， suggesting that the courtyard is just one part of a 5 __________ (large) garden.At the far end of the courtyard is a room with wooden chairs，6 _________ windows that create frames for the scene of 7 __________ (strange) shaped rocks beyond them， just like Chinese ink-wash paintings.This little courtyard is 8 __________ picture of the classic Chinese concept of peace and beauty.Yet， you Stepping/Having stepped larger and strangely a are not in China， but a copy of a Chinese garden.The Astor Chinese Garden Court 9 _____________ (create) by a team of 26 Chinese craftsmen in 1981， and it represented the first permanent cultural exchange between America and China.The courtyard is a place of rest for a museum 10 __________ (visit).As a museum piece in and of itself， the garden gives a wonderful view of ancient China.  was created visitor 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.2：prime adj.主要的 Para.3：initiative n.倡议，新方案 派生词汇 Para.2：abandon v.抛弃；放弃→abandoned adj.被丢弃的，被遗弃的→abandonment n.抛弃，遗弃 熟词生义 Para.5：frequent 常用义：adj.频繁的　文章义：v.常去 B篇 核心单词 Para.1：biodiversity n.生物多样性 Para.2：capacity n.能力absorb v.吸收 Para.3：consume v.消耗 Para.4：strategy n.策略 核心短语 Para.1：draw down减少coexist with与……共存 Para.2：get across被传达；被理解 Para.4：take up 开始从事 长难句分析 When disease management and bans on illegal hunting helped animal populations recover，a greater share of the carbon stored in plants was consumed by wildebeest and released as waste，keeping it in the system and restoring the grassland as a carbon sink.(Para.3) 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句；过去分词短语stored in plants作the carbon的后置定语；现在分词短语keeping...和restoring...作状语。 译文：当疾病管理和禁止非法狩猎帮助动物种群恢复时，储存在植物中的大部分碳被角马消耗并作为废物释放出来，使其留在生态系统中，并恢复草原作为碳汇的作用。 写作规范练(七) Ⅰ.应用文写作——推荐信(满分15分) 　　(2024·河北石家庄教学质量检测一)假定你是李华，外教Brian向学生们征集口语课上大家喜欢讨论的话题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括： 　　1.推荐话题； 　　2.说明理由。 　　注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 Dear Brian， 　　 I’m Li Hua，from Class 1._______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ There are some topics popping up (冒出来) in my mind and I am glad to share them with you，hoping they can give you some inspiration.  　　To begin with，I’d like to recommend travel and adventures. Talking in English about travel and adventures enables us to share exciting experiences，explore new places，and have conversations that spark(激起) our curiosity and desire for cultural discovery.What’s ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua more，“my best friend” might be a good option，for it bridges (弥合) distance and helps us build a stronger bond with our friends.So，targeted at refining (改善) English fluency，these topics will provide us with the necessary resources to take our English-speaking abilities to new heights. 　　Hope my recommendations can be of some help. Ⅱ.读后续写——历险脱困(满分25分) 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　(2024·甘肃兰州诊断考试)The snowstorm was supposed to hit on the evening of Monday， 31 January 2022. My colleague and I were co-signing an emergency financial aid check for a student at First Nations University of Canada in Regina， then he left for the day. As I was packing up， I noticed he had left his laptop bag there. “Shoot，” he said when I called him. “I’m already home.” “I can bring it to you，” I assured him. It was just past 4：30 p.m. The snow wasn’t supposed to start until later. It took me about 15 minutes to get to my colleague’s house， where I dropped off the laptop case and got right back on the road. Then suddenly the snow started—and it was coming down fast. Within minutes I was in a whiteout. The road soon switched from paving to gravel (碎石)，forcing me to slow down. The windows were fogging up and getting covered with snow. It was extremely cold outside. I didn’t have a clue where I was or even which side of the road I was on. I kept the car running to stay warm and called 911， but they said nobody was coming to get me until morning at the earliest. It was now about 6 p.m. and dark. I stopped the car and texted my colleague whose laptop bag I had just returned. But he had an idea. “Pin your location and send it to me，” he said. I did， and a few minutes later he texted me back a screenshot of the satellite view of where I was. We figured out that I was on a road called Bouvier Lane， in between two farms. It was now 6：30 p.m.We posted this new information to our community group， pleading (恳求) for anyone who knew who lived on the farms to help me get rescued. Soon enough， though， people started chiming in (发表评论) on my post. They knew the farmer who lived there! I got a message from someone who was going to put me in touch with him. 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 At 8 p.m.， my cell phone rang.___________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ It was the farmer who owned the land beside the road I was stranded on. He told me that he was coming to get me. Then， about 45 minutes later， I saw a tall figure walking towards me in the dark， and I’d never been more relieved to see someone in my life.“Hey，” he shouted， with his voice steady， “follow me in your car. You’ll be OK.” I drove slowly behind him. When we reached the house， I got out of the car and burst into tears， all my fears turning into relief and gratitude.  By 5：30 the next morning， walking out of the house， I found two people on the driveway.___________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ It was the farmer and my colleague! They had cleared the snow from the driveway so that we could all get out and drive home. My colleague came up to me and said that he felt sorry about me all night long， and he joked that my good deeds had turned into a disaster. But as for me， “All is well that ends well.” And best of all， it brought the farmer into my life. We’re still in touch， and I know we’ll be friends forever.  $$