话题26 主要国家地理概况-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境三　人与自然 主题(一)　自然生态 话题26　主要国家地理概况 1 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 巩固提升 2 高考真题精研 Passage 1　阅读理解(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·C) 　　We all know fresh is best when it comes to food.However， most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey， Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.Additionally， it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital， restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically， it’s a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud， BMF is remotely monitored.Also， there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated， it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil， the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest， users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.  Moreover， having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition， there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.  BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office， they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste， carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种室内花园系统——巴比伦微农场(BMF)，它不仅能为家庭和大型机构提供新鲜的蔬菜，还能利用云技术远程监控和自动化操作，促进了可持续性和环保。 28.What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A.It guarantees the variety of food. B.It requires day to day care. C.It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D.It relies on farmer’s markets. 答案：C 28 29 30 31 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey， Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.”可知，巴比伦微农场进一步缩短了运输路程。C项中的cuts the farm-to-table distance是文中shortens的同义替换。 28 29 30 31 29.What information does the convenient app offer? A.Real-time weather changes. B.Current condition of the plants. C.Chemical pollutants in the soil. D.Availability of pre-seeded pods. 答案：B 28 29 30 31 解析：细节理解题。根据convenient app定位到第三段，由该段第三句“Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了实时的生长数据。B项中的current是文中real time的同义替换。 28 29 30 31 30.What can be concluded about BMF employees? A.They have a great passion for sports. B.They are devoted to community service. C.They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D.They have a strong environmental awareness. 答案：D 28 29 30 31 解析：推理判断题。根据BMF employees定位到文章最后一段，由该段第一句“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.”及最后一句“‘We are passionate about reducing waste， carbon and chemicals in our environment，’said a BMF employee.”可知，BMF的员工在日常生活中践行可持续行为，并热衷于减少环境中的废弃物、碳排放和化学制品。由此推测，他们具有强烈的环境意识。 28 29 30 31 31.What does the text mainly talk about? A.BMF’s major strengths. B.BMF’s general management. C.BMF’s global influence. D.BMF’s technical standards. 答案：A 28 29 30 31 解析：主旨大意题。本文第一段以新鲜食物的重要性及商店农产品运输的问题为导入，引出巴比伦微农场，指出其可缩短运输路程的优势。第二段强调巴比伦微农场通过创新设计，能保证新鲜蔬菜供应。第三段详细说明巴比伦微农场依靠新技术，在节水等方面的优势。第四段指出其在可持续发展方面的优势。故整篇文章围绕巴比伦微农场的优势展开介绍。 28 29 30 31 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ v.(使)变短 2. __________ adj.创新的 3. ____________ adv.确切地说 4. __________ adv.远程地 5. __________ v.监控，监测 6. __________ adj.自动化的  7. _____________ n.可持续性 8. _____________ adj.一次性的 shorten innovative specifically remotely monitor automated sustainability single-use (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 1.However， most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.(cover基本 义：v.覆盖) ________________________ 2.While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey， Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.(solid 基本义： adj.固体的；非中空的，实心的) ____________ v.行走(一段路程) adj.可靠的 (三)词块积累 1.in real time __________ 2.fresh greens __________ 3.live out sustainability in their everyday lives __________________________________ 4.be passionate about reducing waste， carbon and chemicals ______________________________ 实时 新鲜青菜 在他们的日常生活中践行可持续发展 热衷于减少废物、碳和化学品 18 Part 2　句型 (一)长难句分析 Moreover， having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad. [结构分析]　having a system in the same building为动名词短语作主语，where it’s eaten引导定语从句，修饰先行词building，means为句子谓语。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 此外，在同一楼内的这一系统(从种植到食用)意味着蔬菜从土壤到沙拉的过程中的零排放。 19 (二)句型精析 Rather than watering rows of soil， the system provides just the right amount to each plant.该系统为每株植物提供适量的水，而不是浇灌成排的土壤。  [句型公式]　rather than“与其；不愿；而不是”，连接两个并列 成分。 20 ①Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather __________ vehicles you own. ②We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite， rather than __________ (divide) us. ③The teacher rather than the students __________ (be) to blame. ④Rather than sit here waiting，I prefer __________ (go) to find out what on earth has happened.  than divide is to go ⑤我们应该严格且自愿地遵守交通规则，红灯时停止，而不是抱怨交通阻塞。 We should strictly and voluntarily follow traffic rules，stopping at the red lights ________________________________________.  rather than complaining about traffic jams •宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 •other than不同于；除了……外 or rather更确切地说 more than多于；不仅仅；非常 23 [误区警示]　rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和单复数上保持一致。 ◎写作素材 The decision was based on emotion rather than rational thought.这个决定不是基于理性的思考而是基于感情做出的。 24 Passage 2　阅读理解(2019·江苏卷·B) 　　In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before：he couldn’t find the park’s volcano.It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature—that’s what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.  Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone (圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma (岩浆) piles up.These can form remarkably quickly.In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land.In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high.Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across.Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct.There is，however，a second less known type of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain building.These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，the caldera.Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen couldn’t find the caldera anywhere.  Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers.As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera：almost the whole park—2.2 million acres—was caldera.The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level.At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Bob Christiansen探寻黄石国家公园火山的故事。 58.What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone? A.Its complicated geographical features. B.Its ever-lasting influence on tourism. C.The mysterious history of the park. D.The exact location of the volcano. 答案：D 58 59 60 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...Bob Christiansen became puzzled about...had not troubled anyone before：he couldn’t find the park’s volcano.”可知，让Bob Christiansen感到迷惑的是，他在黄石国家公园没有找到火山，即：火山的准确位置。 58 59 60 59.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A.The shapes of volcanoes. B.The impacts of volcanoes. C.The activities of volcanoes. D.The heights of volcanoes. 答案：A 58 59 60 解析：段落大意题。文章第二段主要介绍了两种类型的火山的形成过程，一种是形成圆锥体形状的火山，富士山和乞力马扎罗山就是其典型代表；另外一种是通过爆裂岩浆而形成巨大裂口的火山，而黄石国家公园恰恰就是这一种，所以本段主要讲述了火山的形态，故选A项。 58 59 60 60.What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A.Hot-air balloon.　　　 B.Digital camera. C.Big photograph. D.Bird’s view. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“...a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers.As soon as Christiansen saw the photos...”可知，the photos所指的就是前面提及的blow-up，所以推断blow-up相当于photo(photograph)，故选C项。 58 59 60 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ vi.爆发；喷出 2. ____________ adv.引人注目地 3. __________ adj.单一的；单身的 4. __________ n.权威；权力 5. __________ n.规模；比例 erupt remarkably single authority scale 6. __________ adj.周到的；思考的；深思熟虑的   7. __________ n.水平  8.steam n.蒸汽→__________ adj.蒸汽的 9.confuse v.使迷惑→__________ adj.感到困惑的→__________ adj.令人困惑的   10.extinct adj.灭绝的→__________ n.灭绝 11.involve vt.参与；包含→__________ adj.卷入的；有关的 →_____________ n.牵连，参与 thoughtful level steamy confused confusing extinction involved involvement (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 1.Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across.(across基本义：prep.穿过) __________ 2.Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct.(some基本义：pron.有些；部 分；有些人) _____________ adv.宽 adv.大约 37 (三)词汇精研 involve vt.参与；包含；牵涉；牵连 ①Painting the room involved __________ (move) out the piano. ②A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses __________ (involve). moving involved 38 ③父母应当参与孩子的教育。 →Parents ____________________________ their children’s education.(involve)  →Parents _______________________ their children’s education.(involved)  should involve themselves in should be involved in/with 39 •involve sb.in (doing) sth.使某人卷入(做)某事 involve oneself (in sth.)参与…… involve doing sth.包括做某事 •involved adj.参与；有关联 be/get involved in/with参与；卷入 •involvement n.参与；加入 40 ◎写作素材 contact the people involved与相关人员联系 a serious incident involving a group of youths一起涉及一群年轻人的严重事件 41 Part 2　句型 (一)长难句分析 Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma piles up. [结构分析]　主语是most of us，谓语部分是think of...，when we talk about volcanoes是状语从句，隔开了主语和谓语。从语法结构上讲，也可以把when引导的状语从句放在句首。which引导非限制 性定语从句，修饰the classic cone shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro。when erupting magma piles up是状语从句，现在分词erupting是 magma 的定语。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 当谈到火山时，我们中的大多数都会想到富士山或者乞力马扎罗山的经典圆锥形状，它们是岩浆喷发时堆积形成的。 (二)句型精析 [句型公式]　It had been known...that是It is/has been known that...的时态变形结构，意为“人们知道……”，it为形式主语，that 引导的从句是真正的主语。 It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature—that’s what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.长久以来人们都知道黄石公园是火山喷发造成的——这就是公园内那么多热泉并且到处冒蒸汽的原因。  ①Body language is said _____________ (account) for 55 percent of a first impression.  ②The professor is said __________________ (succeed) in carrying out this experiment so far.  ③The flu is known _____________ (cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.  ④大家都知道几天前她写了一篇关于野生动物保护的报告。 _______________ she wrote a report about wildlife protection the other day.  to account to have succeeded to be caused It is known that It be known that 相当于 sb./sth.be known to do，表示“众所周知……”。 这类句型也可以用于其他一些动词，如： It is reported that...据报道…… It is suggested that...有人建议…… It is thought that...人们认为…… It is said that...据说…… 46 ◎写作素材 It is known that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.众所周知，二氧化碳正以先前人们所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。 Passage 3　阅读理解(2017·全国Ⅲ卷·A) San Francisco Fire Engine Tours San Francisco Winery Tour  Running：February 1st through April 30th This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in ticket price) Departing from the Cannery：Tour times upon request Duration (时长)：2 hours Price：$ 90 Back to the Fifties Tour Running：August 16th through August 31st This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods，the 1950s!Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream. Departing from the Cannery：5：00 p.m.and 7：30 p.m. Duration：2 hours Price：$ 90 Spooky Halloween Tour  Running：October 10th through October 31st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district.Authentic fire gear (服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco. Departing from the Cannery：6：30 p.m.and 8：30 p.m. Duration：1 hour and 30 minutes Price：Available upon request Holiday Lights Tour  Running：December 6th through December 23rd This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit. Departing from the Cannery：7：00 p.m.and 9：00 p.m. Duration：1 hour and 30 minutes Advance reservations required. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国旧金山的四条旅游路线。 21.Which of the tours is available in March? A.San Francisco Winery Tour. B.Back to the Fifties Tour. C.Spooky Halloween Tour. D.Holiday Lights Tour. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一个小标题San Francisco Winery Tour下的“February 1st through April 30th”可知，此项活动从2月1日持续到4月30日，所以如果3月份出游，要选择San Francisco Winery Tour，故选A项。 21 22 23 22.What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour? A.Go to Treasure Island. B.Enjoy the holiday scenes. C.Have free ice cream. D.Visit the Presidio district. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二个小标题Back to the Fifties Tour下的“Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.”可知，游客在领略历史文化的同时，还有免费的冰激凌可以吃，故选C项。 21 22 23 23.What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour? A.Take some drinks. B.Set off early in the morning. C.Wear warm clothes. D.Make reservations in advance. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一个小标题Holiday Lights Tour下的“Advance reservations required.”可知，想参加这条路线，游客要提前预订，故选D项。 21 22 23 词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ adj.美味的 2. __________ n.财富 3. __________ adj.真实的 4. __________ n.场景 5. __________ vt.提供；供应；给予 delicious treasure authentic scene provide 6. __________ n.区；地区；区域 7.depart v.离开→__________ n.离开；出发 8.thrill v.使兴奋→__________ adj.毛骨悚然的；令人激动的 →__________ adj.非常兴奋的；极为激动的 9.require vt.要求；需要→_____________n.要求；所需的(或所要的)东西 district departure thrilling thrilled requirement (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(pour基本义：v.倾倒) _________________________ 四杯的量；倒四次(葡萄酒) 58 (三)词汇精研 1 provide vt.提供；规定；准备；供应 ①The police will reward whoever _______________________ (provide) useful information to catch the robber.  ②You can use the room ___________________ (provide) that you keep it clean and tidy. provides/has provided providing/provided 59 ③我认为，兼职工作可以给大学生提供一个宝贵的机会去更多地了解外面的世界。 In my view，part-time jobs _________________________________ ______________________________________________________ to know more about the outside world.  provide college students with a valuable opportunity/provide a valuable opportunity for college students 60 向某人提供某物 provide for 赡养，养活 provide against 预防，防备 provided (that)...=providing (that)...倘若；在……情况/条件下 61 ◎写作素材 provide large quantities of clothes and food for the earthquake areas 为地震灾区提供大量的衣服和食物 provide against a raining day 未雨绸缪 62 ①In my first P.E.class，the teacher required us __________ (run) laps and then hit a softball.  ②She was skeptical that the language ____________ (require) would encourage integration. ③All the problems put forward at the meeting require _____________ __________ (solve) in one month.  ④校长要求所有的学生在学校穿校服。 The headmaster _____________________________________ school uniforms at school.  2 require vt.需要；要求；依赖 to run requirement solving/to be solved required that all the students (should) wear 63 •require sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事 require that sb.(should) do sth.要求某人做某事 sth.require to be done=sth.require doing某事需要被做 •requirement n.要求，需要 meet/satisfy one’s requirements 满足某人的要求 64 ◎写作素材 require everyone to follow the rules 要求每个人都遵守规则 be competent to meet/satisfy your requirements 有能力满足你们的 要求 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(教材原句，人教选必三U3)The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from __________ (extinct). 2.We want to involve as many people as possible __________ the celebrations. 3.The __________ (confuse) look on Tom’s face suggested that he didn’t quite understand his manager’s idea. 4.As the weather __________ (gradual) becomes warmer and warmer， he will pick up soon. extinction in confused gradually 5.It is very __________ (thought) of you to send the flowers. 6.That would have been a good enough reason __________ me not to go. 7.There is no doubt that it is very meaningful to work with our own hands rather than depend __________ others. 8.Online shopping brings people great _____________(convenient) and some trouble meanwhile. thoughtful for on convenience Ⅱ.完成句子 1.The company encourages its employees to ____________________ (参与) volunteer work.  2. __________________ (据报道) the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.  3.His health required that he ______________________ (早睡).  4. ______________________ (如果你方便的话)， I’d like to visit you tomorrow afternoon.  5. ______________________________ (我们绝不能抛弃) our fine traditions and styles of work.  involve themselves in It is reported that (should) go to bed early If it is convenient for you On no account should we abandon 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　(教材改编，人教选必四U2)Thailand is a 　1　holiday destination，attracting tourists from all over the world.　2　 77 provinces that stretch all the way down to Malaysia in the south， the country has a lot to offer and is a great getaway.A major attraction of Thailand is its amazing　3　 of islands， each with long sandy beaches and clear blue water.Visitors to the beaches can enjoy many 　4　， including diving， kayaking， and rock climbing.Finding the islands is not 　5　， and there are a variety of islands to 　6　 all tastes.  6 1.A.historic　　　　　　 B.premier C.final D.urban 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据下文中的“attracting tourists from all over the world”和“the country has a lot to offer and is a great getaway”可知，泰国是最著名的(premier)度假胜地，吸引了世界各地的游客。historic“历史上著名(或重要)的”；final“最终的”；urban“城市的”。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 2.A.Consisting of B.Hearing of C.Knowing of D.Thinking of 答案：A 解析：此处表示“这个国家由77个府组成”。consist of“由……组成”符合语境，故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 显示原文 3.A.distance B.direction C.selection D.location 答案：C 解析：根据下文中的“each with long sandy beaches and clear blue water”及“there are a variety of islands to 　6　 all tastes”可知，泰国的主要魅力是其令人惊叹的岛屿选择，每一个都有长长的沙滩和清澈的蓝色海水。  1 2 3 4 5 6 显示原文 4.A.accidents B.attractions C.activities D.moments 答案：C 解析：下文列举的“diving，kayaking，and rock climbing”都是活动(activities)，故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 显示原文 5.A.accessible B.complicated C.different D.easy 答案：B 解析：根据上文可知，泰国的主要魅力是其令人惊叹的岛屿选择，那么发现岛屿就不是复杂的(complicated)事情。 1 2 3 4 5 6 显示原文 6.A.enjoy B.understand C.dream D.suit 答案：D 解析：根据上文可知，泰国的主要魅力是其令人惊叹的岛屿选择，且发现岛屿是不复杂的，因为有多种多样的岛屿可以满足所有的喜好。suit“满足(某人)需要，合(某人)心意”符合语境，故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 显示原文 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子) ①得知你自从毕业后一直梦想到中国游玩，并已决定到中国来，我很高兴。 I’m delighted to learn that you ________________________________ _________________ and that you _________________________ come to China.  have dreamt about visiting China ever since graduation have made up your mind to ②对你的到来，我感到非常兴奋，并迫不及待地给你一些建议。 I’m excited about your coming，so I _____________________ you some recommendations.  ③相比泰山之旅，我更喜欢长江之行。 I __________ the tour along the Yangtze River __________ the trip to Mount Tai. ④通过长江之行，你会更好地了解中国的历史及其人民。 Through the trip to the Yangtze River，you ______________________ __________ the history of China and its people.  can hardly wait to give prefer to will have a good knowledge of ⑤长江沿岸不仅风景非常迷人，而且空气很新鲜。 ________________________ are not only very attractive but also the air ___________________.  ⑥那就是我坚持认为长江之行将会是更好的选择的原因。 That’s why I ____________ the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.  The views along the river is fresh to breathe insist that ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 2　表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级) ①用形容词短语作状语升级句② Excited about your coming，I can hardly wait to give you some recommendations. ②用强调句型升级句④ It is through the trip to the Yangtze River that you will have a good knowledge of the history of China and its people. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Step 3　衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) 　　I’m delighted to learn that you have dreamt about visiting China ever since graduation and that you have made up your mind to come to China.Excited about your coming，I can hardly wait to give you some recommendations.  Personally，I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River to the trip to Mount Tai.It is through the trip to the Yangtze River that you will have a good knowledge of the history of China and its people.In addition，the views along the river are not only very attractive but also the air is fresh to breathe.That’s why I insist that the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.  读后续写——素材语料积累 【动作细节描写：动“手指”】 单词 finger； thumb 词块 cross one’s fingers (交叉手指以)祈求好运； lift/hold out a warning finger伸出一根手指警告； wag one’s finger摇摇手指； point an accusing finger at sb.指责某人； run one’s fingers through/along/over用手梳理/捋/摸； raise a thumb in greeting竖起大拇指打招呼； stick out a thumb伸出大拇指 句型 I sat up with anticipation， my fingers crossed. (独立主格) 我满怀期待地坐下，手指交叉。 The door swung open and there stood the teacher， running his fingers through his hair. 门开了，老师站在那里，用手捋着头发。 “How naughty you are!” cried the teacher， wagging his finger angrily.(分词作状语) “你们真是太淘气了!”老师生气地摆了摆手指喊道。 Pointing an accusing finger at the students talking， he demanded of them to go outside the classroom.(分词短语作状语) 他指责那些说话的学生，要求他们走出教室。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A 　　(2024·河北石家庄教学质量检测三) When she was 61， Sian Davies decided to row across the Atlantic Ocean. In March 2021， she was one of the 12 crew members who set out on the 3，000-mile journey from Tenerife to battle sun， salt and fierce currents. “We would row in three-hour shifts and only sleep for an hour or so every six hours，” she says. “For the first 15 days， I was seasick， so I hardly ate anything. I was just rowing and collapsing. I went through some pretty dark times.” But after 42 days on the water， Davies reached Antigua to become one of the only six women in the world over the age of 60 to have rowed across an ocean. “I was exhausted and I was also so proud of myself，” she says. Davies began rowing when she was 53， after spotting a six-oar (浆) rowing boat in Bristol harbor. Attracted by its size and appearance， she spoke to the crew and was encouraged to do a trial run. “As soon as I got on the water， I fell in love with it，” she says. “Feeling your whole body working and the fresh air on your skin is amazing.” It wasn’t until 2017， though， that her Atlantic plans were born. Suffering from a herniated disc (椎间盘突出)， she was only able to crawl out of bed. “I began thinking of things I could look forward to after I had surgery，” she says. “One day I was reading about women adventurers when it hit me that once better， I would row across an ocean.” After successful surgery， Davies began driving to meet other women who had undertaken rows. Hearing the experiences and advice of them gave Davies the confidence. Soon after， she heard that a new boat producer was organizing a team for a voyage across the Atlantic and she joined it immediately.“In June， I’m planning to break a few world records by rowing around the UK when I’m 64， and I want to motorcycle through the Himalayas later in the year. After all， we need things to look back on，” she says. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Sian Davies在61岁时划船跨越大西洋的经历和感受。 1.What do we know about Davies’ journey across the Atlantic?(　　) A.She fell apart and abandoned the task. B.She suffered a lot during the process. C.She was the oldest woman to finish it. D.She rowed along with six other women. 1 2 3 4 B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“We would row in three-hour shifts and only sleep for an hour or so every six hours” “For the first 15 days， I was seasick...I went through some pretty dark times.”可知，Davies等人轮班划船，每班人划3个小时，每6个小时睡1个小时左右，前15天，Davies晕船，几乎什么都没吃。由此可知，Davies在划船跨越大西洋的过程中遭受了很多苦难。故选B。 1 2 3 4 2.How did Davies feel about her first attempt to row?(　　) A.Painful.　　　　　　　 B.Frightened. C.Confident. D.Impressed. 1 2 3 4 D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“As soon as I got on the water，I fell in love with it” “Feeling your whole body working and the fresh air on your skin is amazing”可知，一到水上，Davies就爱上了划船。感觉全身在运动，新鲜的空气附着在皮肤上，这真是太棒了。由此可知，Davies对她的第一次划船尝试感到印象深刻。故选D。 3.What inspired Davies to row across an ocean?(　　) A.A trial row on a six-oar rowing boat. B.Support from a boat company. C.Stories of some women adventurers. D.Sufferings from her back pain. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“One day I was reading about women adventurers when it hit me that once better， I would row across an ocean.”可知，一些女性冒险家的故事激励Davies划船跨越大洋。故选C。 4.Which of the following best describes Davies?(　　) A.Caring and open-minded. B.Humble and self-motivated. C.Determined and easy-going. D.Strong-willed and ambitious. 1 2 3 4 D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容和第二段的“after 42 days on the water， Davies reached Antigua to become one of the only six women in the world over the age of 60 to have rowed across an ocean”可知，尽管Davies当时61岁了，但是她仍然不畏艰辛，完成了3 000英里的划船旅程，成为世界上仅有的6位60岁以上跨越大洋的女性之一。由此可知，Davies意志坚强。再根据最后一段中Davies说的话可知，Davies计划在64岁时划船环游英国，打破几项世界纪录，还想着在今年晚些时候骑摩托车穿越喜马拉雅山。由此可知，她是一个有雄心壮志的人。故选D。A项“乐于助人和思想开明的”；B项“谦虚和自我激励的”；C项“意志坚定和温和的”。 1 2 3 4 B 　　(2024·河北衡水二中三模)On November 11，a woman from the United Kingdom set out to explore Antarctica，in an attempt to become the first female explorer to cross the continent alone and unsupported. Preet Chandi aims to cover more than 1，100 miles in a journey that will likely take 70 to 75 days.Pulling all her supplies on a sled (雪橇) called a pulk，which weighed more than 250 pounds at the start of her journey，the 33-year-old will battle temperatures that can sink to minus 58 degrees Fahrenheit and wind speeds of up to 60 miles per hour. Chandi—also called “Polar Preet”—set a record last year as the first woman of color to complete an unsupported expedition (探险) to the South Pole.She finished the journey in 40 days—just two days longer than Joanna Davidson of Sweden，who holds the female world record. “A lot of people tell me I don’t look like a polar explorer，” Chandi told BBC News’ Sandish Shoker last year before the trek.“It’s considered out of the norm for an Asian woman to do this—it’s different.And that’s part of the reason why I wanted to do this—for people who don’t fit a certain image.” Chandi grew up in an Indian Sikh community in England and joined the Army Reserve at age 19.In 2012，she graduated from college，becoming the first in her family to earn a degree. After running her first half-marathon at 20 years old，Chandi’s appetite for greater challenges started to grow.She has been on hiking and climbing trips across the world，including in Kenya，Morocco，Mexico，Peru，Iceland and Nepal.Earlier this year，she completed the Marathon des Sables，a week-long，156-mile ultramarathon in the Sahara Desert. She currently serves in the British Army，organizing training for injured soldiers. “We are extremely proud to have such a remarkable ambassador，” the General Staff Sharon Nesmith says.“Captain Chandi has the qualities we seek of all who serve—courage，commitment and the desire to be the best we can be.” 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了来自英国的Preet Chandi试图成为第一位独自一人在没有支持的情况下穿越南极洲的女性探险家。 5.What made Chandi decide on the trip to Antarctica?(　　) A.Seeking financial support. B.Sticking to a promise. C.Setting an example for soldiers. D.Trying challenging things. 5 6 7 8 D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“On November 11...become the first female explorer to cross the continent alone and unsupported.”和倒数第三段中的“Chandi’s appetite for greater challenges started to grow.”可知，她之所以要探索南极洲，是试图成为第一位独自一人在没有支持的情况下穿越南极洲的女性探险家，尝试具有挑战性的事情。 5 6 7 8 6.What does the underlined word “trek” mean in paragraph 4?(　　) A.Interview. B.Adventure. C.Graduation. D.Ride. 5 6 7 8 B 解析：词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，这番话是在探险之前对着媒体说的，由此推断画线单词trek指的是“探险”。 7.What does Sharon Nesmith think of Chandi?(　　) A.Honest. B.Knowledgeable. C.Committed. D.Talented. 5 6 7 8 C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“Captain Chandi has the qualities we seek of all who serve—courage，commitment and the desire to be the best we can be.”可知，Sharon Nesmith认为Chandi上尉是一个有勇气的、尽心尽力的，以及对自己有愿景的人。 103 8.What is the text mainly about?(　　) A.Setting a world record. B.Challenging oneself. C.Travelling around the world. D.Seeking a suitable ambassador. 5 6 7 8 B 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“On November 11...the first female explorer to cross the continent alone and unsupported.”以及第四段中的“It’s considered out of the norm for an Asian woman... for people who don’t fit a certain image.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是Chandi不断挑战自我，创造新纪录的故事。 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了参观博物馆的一些策略，这些策略可以让你感觉不到疲惫，并学到更多关于展品的知识。 　　(2024·福建福州质检)There are a lot of strategies for visiting a museum and avoiding “museum tiredness”.Consider what is mentioned below in planning. 1( ) A.You’ll likely meet with two types of labels. B.You are sure to make the most of your experience. C.It’s always a good idea to stop by the information desk. D.It would also be wise to plan frequent breaks in the galleries. E.Note that these might not be artworks that you find appealing. F.If you live near， consider frequent visits to the changed exhibitions. G.These are aimed at giving information not always obvious about the artwork. 1.答案：B 解析：上文讲参观博物馆和避免“博物馆疲劳”有很多策略。在规划时考虑以下内容；下文具体介绍这些策略。B项“你一定会尽情享受你的经历”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 Regardless of a museum’s size， you’ll get tired quickly if you try to look closely at every object displayed. Likewise， most museums provide lots of information about the objects on view. So don’t try to read everything. 2( )“Tombstone” labels are very brief and provide facts about the artist， their country，etc. There may be a number，which the museum uses to register the object， usually according to when it became a part of the collection， and a credit line that indicates the donor.Object labels are placed next to many objects. 3( ) The approach used to write museum labels has been much debated among art historians and museum professionals.  A.You’ll likely meet with two types of labels. B.You are sure to make the most of your experience. C.It’s always a good idea to stop by the information desk. D.It would also be wise to plan frequent breaks in the galleries. E.Note that these might not be artworks that you find appealing. F.If you live near， consider frequent visits to the changed exhibitions. G.These are aimed at giving information not always obvious about the artwork. 2.答案：A 解析：下文介绍了“墓碑”标签和物品标签。A项“你可能会遇到两种类型的标签”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选A。 3.答案：G 解析：上文讲这种物品标签被放在很多物品旁边；下文讲艺术历史学家和博物馆专业人士对博物馆标签的书写方法一直存在争议。G项“这些标签旨在提供关于艺术品的并不总是显而易见的信息”承上启下，符合语境。且“These”指代上文中的“Object labels”。故选G。 4( ) Ask for a map， or have museum staff suggest highlights in the collection or special exhibitions. Many museums have special tours， audio guides， or downloadable apps that point you to these objects.  A.You’ll likely meet with two types of labels. B.You are sure to make the most of your experience. C.It’s always a good idea to stop by the information desk. D.It would also be wise to plan frequent breaks in the galleries. E.Note that these might not be artworks that you find appealing. F.If you live near， consider frequent visits to the changed exhibitions. G.These are aimed at giving information not always obvious about the artwork. 4.答案：C 解析：下文讲索要一张地图，或者让博物馆工作人员推荐重点藏品或特别展览。许多博物馆都有专门的导览、音频指南或可下载的应用程序，可以让你找到这些物品。C项“到咨询台去总是一个好主意”统领本段，符合语境。故选C。 Some people recommend setting a specific amount of time for your visit (1 or 2 hours). 5( ) In addition to benches in the galleries， most museums have a cafe， a shop， a sculpture courtyard or gardens where you can hang out and relax for a bit.  A.You’ll likely meet with two types of labels. B.You are sure to make the most of your experience. C.It’s always a good idea to stop by the information desk. D.It would also be wise to plan frequent breaks in the galleries. E.Note that these might not be artworks that you find appealing. F.If you live near， consider frequent visits to the changed exhibitions. G.These are aimed at giving information not always obvious about the artwork. 5.答案：D 解析：下文讲除了画廊里的长椅，你还可以在博物馆中的咖啡厅、商店、雕塑庭院或花园闲逛和休息。D项“计划在画廊里面时经常休息也是明智的”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 　　(2024·辽宁沈阳质量监测一)Dayushan Island is located in Fuding，Fujian Province，known 1 __________ its untouched nature，green grasslands and attractive coastlines. 　　Its coast is eroded (侵蚀) by sea water，2 __________ (reveal) bare bedrock and reefs.But the thick trees accommodate tens of thousands of migratory birds.It 3 __________ (list) in the “Top 10 most beautiful islands of China” by Chinese National Geography in 2005.It is 4 __________ uninhabited island and a true hidden treasure that has still preserved its quietness and 5 __________ (origin) form.  for revealing was listed an original 　　The best thing to do here is hike up the hills and find a high spot 6 __________ overlooks the sea，the grasslands and the lakes! Besides hiking，camping enjoys great 7 __________ (popular) on the island. The lakeside is great camping 8 ____________ (destination) with peaceful water and grassland scenery.Remember to bring mosquito repellent (驱蚊剂) and not 9 __________ (swim) in the sea because of the dangerous currents.The wind from the sea slowly blowing，the island’s morning mist 10 __________ (gradual) disappears，and beautiful scenery unfolds in front of you.  which/that popularity destinations to swim gradually 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.1：seasick adj.晕船的 Para.2：exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的，疲惫不堪的 Para.5：undertake v.承担，从事，负责 熟词生义 Para.1：collapse 常用义：v.(突然)倒塌，坍塌　文章义： v.(因病或疲惫而)倒下，昏倒，晕倒 核心短语 Para.5：look back on sth.回首往事，回忆，回顾 第1题A选项：fall apart(人遭遇困境时)崩溃，垮掉 B篇 核心单词 Para.1：unsupported adj.无资助的；自力更生的 Para.2：minus prep.减；零下 Para.4：norm n.标准；规范 Para.8：commitment n.献身，奉献，投入 核心短语 Para.1：in an attempt to 为了…… $$