话题25 科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境二　人与社会 主题(四)　科学与技术 话题25　科技发展与信息技术创新， 科学精神，信息安全 1 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 巩固提升 2 高考真题精研 第一组 Passage 1　阅读理解(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·C) 　　Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors， including reduced concentration， an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more， learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shinethrough when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.   The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties.With paper， there is a literal laying on of hands， along with the visual geography of distinct pages.People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.  But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called“shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory， people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media， which are often not so serious，and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.  Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text， and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say， assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.However， psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories， they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts， audio and video all have educational roles， especially when providing resources not available in print.However， for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for， educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same， even when they contain identical words. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了纸质阅读与数字阅读(可视化学习)在理解和记忆方面的优劣，强调纸质阅读对于深度学习和记忆的重要性。 28.What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Seem unlikely to last.　　 B.Seem hard to explain. C.Become ready to use. D.Become easy to notice. 答案：D 28 29 30 31 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段前两句“When reading texts of several hundred words or more， learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.”可知，在阅读几百字或更多的文本时，纸质阅读比屏幕阅读的学习效果更好。根据画线词所在句可知，当实验人员把任务从易(比如找到阅读文章的主旨)到难(需要抽象思维，比如从文本中推断出结论)推进时，纸质阅读的优势尤为明显，也就是变得容易被人注意到(become easy to notice)，故选D。 28 29 30 31 29.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A.Readers treat digital texts lightly. B.Digital texts are simpler to understand. C.People select digital texts randomly. D.Digital texts are suitable for social media. 答案：A 28 29 30 31 解析：推理判断题。第四段最后一句“According to this theory， people...than when they are reading print.”是对shallowing hypothesis的解释说明。人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少，也就是读者对数字文本持不严肃、轻松的态度。treat sth.lightly 意为“轻松地对待某事”，故选A。 28 29 30 31 30.Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A.They can hold students’ attention. B.They are more convenient to prepare. C.They help develop advanced skills. D.They are more informative than text. 答案：A 28 29 30 31 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Audio and video can feel more engaging than text， and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies...”可知，大学教师越来越多地使用音频和视频，是因为它们比文本更有吸引力，也就是能够保持学生的注意力，hold students’ attention是engaging的同义替换，故选A。 28 29 30 31 31.What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D.Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 答案：C 28 29 30 31 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“However， for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for， educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same， even when they contain identical words.”可知，教育工作者不应该认为所有媒介的效果是一样的。此外，本文主要介绍了纸质阅读在学习效果方面相较于数字阅读的优势，暗示了纸质文本在教育领域中的不可替代性，故选C。 28 29 30 31 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1._______________ n.理解(力)  2. __________ n.因素 3. ______________ n.实验人员  4. __________ n.抽象 5. __________ adj.确确实实的，真实的 comprehension factor experimenter abstraction literal 6. __________ adj.视觉的  7. __________ n.方面  8. __________ v.提出 9. __________ v.变浅 10. __________ v.处理，对待 11. __________ adj.严肃的；需认真思考的 12. __________ adj.有吸引力的，有趣的 13. __________ v.使增加到最大限度，使最大化  visual aspect propose shallow approach serious engaging maximize 14.concentrate v.集中→_____________ n.浓度；关注，专心 15.reflect v.反映；反射(声、光、热等)；认真思考→__________ n.沉思，深思 →__________ adj.沉思的；(指物体表面)反射热的，反光的 16.assume vt.认为；假定，假设→__________ n.假定；假设 →__________ adj.假设的；假定的 concentration reflection reflective assumption assumed 19 (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 1.And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? (cover基本义：v.盖； 覆盖；包括) _________________ 2.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.(pose基本义： n.姿势；装腔作势；故作姿态v.造成威胁、问题等) __________ v.涉及，处理 v.提出 3.Audio and video can feel more engaging than text， and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say， assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(say基本义：v.说，说话) __________ 4.With paper， there is a literal laying on of hands， along with the visual geography of distinct pages.(geography 基本义：n.地理学；地理；地形 ) __________ v.比方说 n.布局 5.However， psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories， they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.(piece 基本义：n.块；部分；片 ) _________________ n.文章，报道 (三)词块积累 1.the written word __________ 2.a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content __________________________________ 3.shine through ___________________ 4.draw inferences from a text _______________________ 5.physical properties __________ 6.with a mindset suited to social media ______________________ 7.in print ____________________ 8.call for reflection __________ 书面文字 在消费数字内容时倾向于多任务处理 表现明显/突出 从一篇文章中得出结论 物理特性 以适合社交媒体的心态 已刊印，已出版 需要思考 (四)词汇精研 1 assume vt.认为；假定，假设；承担(责任) ①It ______________ (assume) that there is a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.  ②We assume him __________ (be) innocent before hearing the evidence against it.  ③__________ (assume) the house is for sale，would you buy it? is assumed to be Assuming 24 ④(普通表达)If our plan is turned down，we will put forward the alternative one. (高级表达) ___________________________________，we will put forward the alternative one.  Assuming that our plan is turned down 25 •assume+n.(+to be)+n./adj.认为……是…… It is (generally) assumed that...人们(普遍)认为…… •assumption n.假定；假设 make assumptions about...假定…… •assuming/supposing (that)...假定…… 26 ◎写作素材 assume him to be honest以为他是诚实的 always assume the worst总往最坏处想 be based on a false assumption基于错误的设想 make assumptions about people’s reactions臆断人们的反应 27 ①Reflecting __________ her volunteer experience，Tina felt proud. ②She was extremely pretty，and her house was a __________ (reflect) of herself，everything in good taste and in perfect order. ③我们的报纸旨在反映当地社区的意见。 Our newspaper aims to ____________________________________.  2 reflect vi.& vt.仔细思考；反射 vt.表达(意见)；反映；显示 on reflection reflect the views of the local community 28 •reflect...in...在……中映出……的影像 reflect on/upon sth.反省/认真思考某事 •reflection n.反射；反映；映照出的影像；沉思；思考 on reflection经再三考虑 ◎写作素材 reflect on my own decision反思自己的决定 the face is reflected in the mirror脸映照在镜子里 ①_____________ (approach) the city centre，we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. ②They have a special approach to ________ (bring) up their children. ③随着考试的临近，许多学生变得越来越紧张。 _______________________________，many students are becoming increasingly nervous.  3 approach n.方法；接近；路径 v.接近，靠近；接洽；着手处理 Approaching bringing With the examination approaching 31 approach sth./sb.接近某物/某人 an approach to (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法/途径；接近，近似 with...approaching在……快到的时候 ◎写作素材 take a different approach to the problem采用另一种方法来解决这一问题 approach the end of the year 接近年末 take the wrong approach in her dealings with them她用错误的手段和他们打交道 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 1.With paper， there is a literal laying on of hands， along with the visual geography of distinct pages. [结构分析]　along with the visual geography of distinct pages是介词短语作状语；laying 是动名词，意为“搁，放”。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 有了纸，手就可以真实地放在上面，(我们)还能看到每一页上的布局。 2.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. [结构分析]　本句中when引导时间状语从句，从句谓语为move， like identifying the main idea in a reading passage和such as drawing inferences from a text分别补充说明simple tasks和ones that require mental abstraction。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 当实验人员从提出简单的任务，如找到阅读文章的主旨，转向需要抽象思维的任务，如从文本中推断出结论时，纸质阅读的好处尤为明显。 3.According to this theory， people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media， which are often not so serious， and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. [结构分析]　suited to social media作后置定语，修饰mindset；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词social media， and连接主句并列的谓语approach和devote。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。 Passage 2　阅读理解(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·D) 　　In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct， researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.Today， most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos， videos， and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area， a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，” said Barnabas Daru， who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本)， and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change， I wanted to know：Are they usable?”  Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants， insects， birds， and animals，Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.  “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data， like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it，” said Daru.  Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover， these data are biased and favor certain regions， time periods， and species.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.  What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot，”Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled.To improve the quality of observational data， biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”  　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，当前利用技术手段进行生物采样的过程可能存在偏差，分析了造成这些偏差的原因，并在最后说明如何完善生物采样数据的科学性。 32.What do we know about the records of species collected now? A.They are becoming outdated. B.They are mostly in electronic form. C.They are limited in number. D.They are used for public exhibition. 答案：B 32 33 34 35 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Today， most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos， videos， and other digital records.”可知，现在，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式存在。 32 33 34 35 33.What does Daru’s study focus on? A.Threatened species. B.Physical specimens. C.Observational data. D.Mobile applications. 答案：C 32 33 34 35 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“These observations now outnumber...Are they usable?”和第三段可知，Daru的研究重点是这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。所以他的研究关注观察数据。 32 33 34 35 34.What has led to the biases according to the study? A.Mistakes in data analysis. B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C.Improper way of sampling. D.Unreliable data collection devices. 答案：C 32 33 34 35 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“...like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist...right next to it”和第五段可知，收集生物采样数据的人，对于采样区域、采样时段以及采样物种的选择有一定的主观性，这些不当的采样方式会导致收集到的数据产生偏差。 32 33 34 35 35.What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A.Review data from certain areas. B.Hire experts to check the records. C.Confirm the identity of the users. D.Give guidance to citizen scientists. 答案：D 32 33 34 35 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Daru认为biodiversity apps可以根据研究结果引导采样人员关注样本采集不足的地区和物种，鼓励他们让专家确认上传样本图片中的物种名称。因此，Daru建议biodiversity apps提供给采样人员一些指导意见。 32 33 34 35 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ v.记录，记载 2. __________ v.发现  3. __________ n.改变 4. __________ adj.最早的，最初的 5. ____________ v.研究 document detect shift primary investigate 6. __________ n.可能性；可能 7. __________ v.揭示 8. ____________ n.生物多样性 9.cover v.盖；覆盖；掩护；占(一片面积)；行走(一段路程)；报道 n.封面；覆盖物；掩盖→__________ n.覆盖范围；新闻报道 likelihood reveal biodiversity coverage (二)词块积累 1.go extinct __________ 2.citizen scientist _______________ 3.in the form of photos， videos， and other digital records ____________________________________ 4.with the rise of technology ___________________ 5.with the aid of a mobile application _________________________ 6.lead author __________ 灭绝 公民科学家 以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式 随着科技的兴起 借助移动/手机应用程序 主要作者 53 7.assistant professor __________ 8.respond to global change ___________________ 9.make sense __________________ 10.inform users of oversampled areas _________________________ 助理教授 对全球变化作出反应 说得通，有道理 让用户知晓过度采样区域 54 (三)词汇精研 1 aid n.& vt.帮助；援助 ①The moment he saw the poor little boy on TV，he determined to aid him in __________ (continue) his study. ②__________ the aid of the teacher，all of us in our class have made great progress. continuing With 55 ③他们帮助我使我适应了新的环境。 →___________________________________________________ (aid sb.in doing sth.)  →______________________________________________________ (with the aid of)  They aided me in adjusting myself to the new surroundings. With the aid of them，I adjusted myself to the new surroundings. •give sb.first aid对某人进行急救 with the aid of在……的帮助下 in aid of sth./sb.为了帮助某事物/人 •aid sb.in (doing) sth.在(做)某事方面帮助某人 aid sb.with sth.以某事/物帮助某人 57 ①I can’t make sense __________ this poem，but perhaps I will if I read it again. ②In __________ sense，his suggestion is very practical. ③买这座房子没有意义，因为它太旧了。 __________________________ this house as it’s too old.  2 make sense有意义；讲得通 of a There is no sense in buying 58 make sense of...弄懂……的意思 make no sense 毫无意义 in a sense 在某种意义上 in no sense 决不；绝非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装) there’s no sense in doing sth.做……是没有道理/意义的 [点津]　make sense的主语通常是物，而make sense of 的主语通常是人。 ◎写作素材 She has lost all sense of direction in her life.她完全丧失了生活的方向。 ①It was considerate of Michael to inform us __________ his delay in case we got worried. ②The boss asked his secretary to keep him well __________ (inform) of the programme’s progress. ③刚才，我去年去澳大利亚留学的堂兄告诉我，他将于本周六上午回来，并让我去机场接他。 Just now，my cousin，who went to Australia for further study last year，____________________________________________________ _________________________________.  3 inform vt.告知；通知 of informed informed me that he would return this Saturday morning and asked me to pick him up at the airport 61 •inform sb.of sth.告诉某人某事；通知某人某事 inform sb.that/when/how...通知某人…… •keep sb.informed随时向某人报告情况 [点津]　inform后不能直接带双宾语，而是借助于介词of，构成inform sb.of sth.结构。 ◎写作素材 If accepted for the job，you’ll be informed soon.如果你被录用做这份工作，你很快就会被通知的。 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 1.These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens， and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change， I wanted to know：Are they usable? [结构分析]　本句是一个并列句，前半句中的that作关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词the primary data；后半句中的since引导原因状语从句，how引导宾语从句作investigate的宾语。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 现在，这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数据，而由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：这些观察数据有用吗? 2.Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants，insects， birds， and animals，Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. [结构分析]　using a global dataset...为现在分词短语作状语；how引导宾语从句作test的宾语。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 达鲁和他的团队使用了一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。 3.“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias data， like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it，” said Daru. [结构分析]　that tend to bias data是sampling 的定语从句。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 达鲁说：“我们特别感兴趣的是探索使数据产生偏差的采样的各个方面，例如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。” 4.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. [结构分析]　because引导原因状语从句，其中who引导定语从句修饰先行词 the people，recording...nearby为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰citizen scientists。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 这是有道理的，因为公民科学家经常通过移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据，他们记录的是在附近地区接触到的物种。 5.To improve the quality of observational data， biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. [结构分析]　to improve the quality of observational data是不定式作目的状语。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。 第二组 Passage 1　阅读理解(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·B) 　　We journalists live in a new age of storytelling，with many new multimedia tools.Many young people don’t even realize it’s new.For them，it’s just normal. This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.I had brought a children’s book to read.It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age.  Picture this：my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures.As I read，he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger. What’s up with that?He just likes the pictures，I thought.Then I turned the page and continued.He poked the page even harder.I nearly dropped the book.I was confused：Is there something wrong with this kid? Then I realized what was happening.He was actually a stranger to books.His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them.He thought my storybook was like that.  Sorry，kid.This book is not part of your high-tech world.It’s an outdated，lifeless thing.An antique.Like your grandfather.Well，I may be old，but I’m not hopelessly challenged，digitally speaking.I edit video and produce audio.I use mobile payment.I’ve even built websites. There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience，however：I’ve spent little time in front of a camera，since I have a face made for radio.But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing，Tianjin and Hebei province. Anyway，grandpa is now an internet star—two minutes of fame!I promise not to let it go to my head.But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，孙子却误以为它是平板电脑，不停地戳它，这引起了作者对科技的思考。 24.What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2? A.Provided shelter for me. B.Became very clear to me. C.Took the pressure off me. D.Worked quite well on me. 答案：B 24 25 26 27 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段的内容以及画线词下文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。而许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。这一点是作者在和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上读书时清楚地认识到的。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。 24 25 26 27 76 25.Why did the kid poke the storybook? A.He took it for a tablet computer. B.He disliked the colorful pictures. C.He was angry with his grandpa. D.He wanted to read it by himself. 答案：A 24 25 26 27 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger to books.His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them.He thought my storybook was like that.(事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，那个孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选A。 24 25 26 27 78 26.What does the author think of himself? A.Socially ambitious.　　　 B.Physically attractive. C.Financially independent. D.Digitally competent. 答案：D 24 25 26 27 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well，I may be old，but I’m not hopelessly challenged，digitally speaking.I edit video and produce audio.I use mobile payment.I’ve even built websites.(嗯，我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，我还没有毫无希望地被挑战到。我编辑视频，制作音频。我使用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。故选D。 24 25 26 27 80 27.What can we learn about the author as a journalist? A.He lacks experience in his job. B.He seldom appears on television. C.He manages a video department. D.He often interviews Internet stars. 答案：B 24 25 26 27 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience，however：I’ve spent little time in front of a camera，since I have a face made for radio.(然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差距：我很少在镜头前待着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为广播电台记者很少上电视。故选B。 24 25 26 27 82 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ adj.正常的 2. __________ n.平板电脑 3. __________ n.古董  4. __________ v.编辑 5. __________ adj.受到挑战的；有残疾的 6. __________ n.结合，融合 7.frequent adj.经常的→__________ adv.频繁地→__________ n.频率；频繁 normal tablet antique edit challenged integration frequently frequency (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) Picture this：my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures.(picture基本义n.图画，图片) __________ v.想象 (三)词块积累 1.reach out __________ 2.come alive  __________ 3.be loaded with colorful pictures ______________________ 伸出 活跃起来 装满了五颜六色的图片 85 (四)词汇精研 challenge n.挑战 vt.向……挑战 ①Walking upright __________ (challenge) the human bone structure，and limits the size of brains. ②Last week，I got a new job in a big firm，and I found it very ____________ (challenge). ③要带着十个好动的七岁孩子玩真是一种挑战。 _________________ to keep ten boisterous seven-year-olds amused.  challenges challenging It was a challenge 86 •make a challenge to sb.向某人发起挑战 beyond challenge无与伦比 •challenge sb.to do sth.向某人挑战做某事；激励某人做某事 •challenging adj.富有挑战性的 ◎写作素材 meet the challenge迎接挑战；满足要求 take up new challenges接受新的挑战 challenge us to try again激励我们再次尝试 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. [结构分析]　本句是一个复合句。主干是His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer；which引导定语从句，修饰computer；that引导定语从句，修饰pictures。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 他的父亲经常用装着五颜六色的图片的平板电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。 Passage 2　阅读理解(2022·全国乙卷·C) 　　Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and，at the same time，help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.  Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected，the more railway safety，reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.  By using the latest technologies，drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways，detecting faults in the rail or switches，before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks，drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept：the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train，and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead，they could signal any problem，so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。无人机在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，还能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。 28.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible? A.The use of drones in checking on power lines. B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes. C.The reduction of cost in designing drones. D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas. 答案：A 28 29 30 31 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure...”可知，无人机现在已经被用来检测高压电力线路，同样它们也可用来检查铁路线路以及铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。故A项正确。 28 29 30 31 29.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A.Personnel safety. B.Assistance from drones. C.Inspection and repair. D.Construction of infrastructure. 答案：C 28 29 30 31 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词出现的语境“节省________费用”以及该词在下文中的语境，即第三段第二句“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.(据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年在维护方面就大约花费200亿欧元，包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员去检查和修复铁路基础设施)”可知，maintenance表示“检查和维修”。故C项正确。  28 29 30 31 30.What function is expected of the rail drones? A.To provide early warning. B.To make trains run automatically. C.To earn profits for the crews. D.To accelerate transportation. 答案：A 28 29 30 31 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“With their ability to see ahead，they could signal any problem，so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.(因为能提前看到，无人机可以感知到任何问题，这样快速前进的列车就可以及时作出反应)”可知，期待铁路无人机具有的功能是提前发现问题，并给列车发出警告。故A项正确。 28 29 30 31 31.Which is the most suitable title for the text? A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways 答案：D 28 29 30 31 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，第一段是导入，综述无人机在铁路运营方面的应用前景；第二段主要讲述无人机在铁路运营中的部分功能和作用；第三段主要讲了无人机在降低铁路维护成本和维护铁路职员人身安全方面的作用；第四段讲无人机还能为铁路运营做的事情。由此可知，本篇文章主要讲的是无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。故D项正确。 28 29 30 31 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. ____________ v.确保 2. __________ n.可靠性 3. __________ v.检查，审视 4. __________ v.回应；起反应 5. __________ n.道岔 guarantee reliability inspect react switch 6.person n.人→__________ adj.个人的→__________ n.人事部门；职员  7.calculate v.计算→__________ n.计算器→____________ n.计算 8.assist v.帮助→__________ n.帮助 →__________ n.助手 9.perform v.表演；执行→_____________ n.表演，表现 →__________ n.表演者 personal personnel calculator calculation assistance assistant performance performer (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) With their ability to see ahead，they could signal any problem，so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.(signal基本义：n.信号) _________________ v.发信号，告知 105 (三)词汇精研 switch vi.& vt.转变，改变vt.交换；调换；对调n.改变；转变；开关；闸 ①Switch __________ when you’ve finished using the electric typewriter. ②They switched the location of the movie __________ Hawaii. ③离开办公室时一定要关灯。 ___________________________ when you leave the office.  off to Be sure to switch off the light 106 switch off切断(电源、气体等) switch on打开(开关)；接通(电源等) switch (from...) to...(从……)转变成……，(从……)转换到…… switch sth.with sb.和某人交换某物 107 ◎写作素材 encourage companies to switch from coal to cleaner fuels鼓励企业从用煤转向使用更清洁的燃料 108 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 1.That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. [结构分析]　这是一个复合句。句子主干为That is the very likely future；第二个that引导的宾语从句作make sure的宾语。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 将来极有可能应用今天的“天空之眼”技术以确保全球数百万公里的铁轨和基础设施全天候安全运行。 2.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. [结构分析]　这是一个复合句。it作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。主语从句的主干结构为European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year，其后including sending maintenance staff，often at night和to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure都是状语。 [尝试翻译]　_______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年在维护方面就大约花费200 亿欧元，包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员去检查和修复铁路基础设施。 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.All the candidates guaranteed __________ (boost) economy and care about civilians’ welfare in the election.  2.She had had the foresight to prepare herself financially in case __________ an accident. 3.You talk about someone’s __________ (deliver) when you are referring to the way in which they give a speech or lecture. to boost of delivery 4.These comments came in __________ (respond) to specific questions often asked by local newsmen. 5.Is this the reason ____________ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? 6.I find it hard to work at home because there are too many __________ (distract). 7.Political parties often differ __________ their views on various issues concerning their own countries. response that/which distractions in 8.The basket __________ (load) with fruits was placed on the table. 9.Engineers carried out a thorough ___________ (inspect) of the track. 10.We were held up in the traffic jam and that’s __________ we are late. loaded inspection why Ⅱ.完成句子 1. ________________________________ (一定要关闭手机) inside the castle in consideration of other visitors.  2. _______________________________________ (他英语考试失败的原因) was that he didn’t learn it well.  3.For new reporters，_______________________________ (这似乎是一项具有挑战性的任务).   Mobile phones must be switched off The reason why he failed the English exam this seems like a challenging task 4. _______________________ (他向我保证) that it would never happen again.  5.Despite his cries，______________________________ (没有人来帮助他).  He gave me a guarantee no one came to his assistance Ⅲ.语法填空 　　(教材改编，北师大选必三U9)In January 2018， the cloning of two long-tailed monkeys，Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua ，1.____________ (announce) by Chinese scientists.They were the first-ever primates(灵长目动物)to have been cloned! In comparison with other species， cloning primates has proved to be “much 2.____________ (hard)”， and doing so with non-reproductive cells was even more complicated.Dr.Sun Qiang， director of the research team， said they had been wholly 3.____________ (devote) to the research and had been taking care of more than 1，000 monkeys 24 hours a day， 7 days a week for more than 5 years.There had been a number of 4.____________ (failure) before they eventually found a way to 5.____________ (successful) clone a monkey.  1.答案：was announced 解析：空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语In January 2018可知，此处应用一般过去时；主语为the cloning，且与动词announce之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was announced。 2.答案：harder 解析：根据空前的“In comparison with other species”可知，与其他物种相比，克隆灵长目动物被证明是“困难得多”，此处应用比较级形式，故填harder。 3.答案：devoted 解析：be devoted to“致力于……”为固定搭配，故填devoted。 4.答案：failures 解析：根据空前的“a number of”可知，此处表示“很多失败的事”，failure表示“失败的事”时为可数名词，空处应用复数形式，故填failures。 5.答案：successfully 解析：空处作状语，修饰动词clone，应用副词形式，故填successfully。 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子) ①尽管很难预测将来的家用机器人是什么样子，但我仍然想描述一下它们的令人诧异之处。 Though it is difficult to predict ________________________________ __________，I still want to describe how amazing they are.  ②你会吃惊地发现它们更像人而不是机器。 You will _____________________ that they will be more like humans than machines.  what future household robots might be like be alarmed to find ③在它们的帮助下，你就可以摆脱所有的家务事，比如洗衣、做饭和打扫卫生。 With their help，you will __________ all household chores，such as washing，cooking and cleaning.  ④配备了智能计算机大脑，它们将帮助你留出一些时间进行户外 锻炼。 Equipped with an intelligent computer brain，they will help you ____________________ for outdoor exercise.  be free of set aside some time ⑤当老人由这样的家用机器人在家陪伴时，老人也许就不会觉得 孤单。 When they ___________________ such household robots at home，the elderly may not feel lonely.  ⑥你一定会渴望得到这样神奇的家用机器人。 You _____________________________ such wonderful household robots.  are accompanied by are bound to have a desire for Step 2　表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级) 用省略句式升级句⑤ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When accompanied by such household robots at home，the elderly may not feel lonely.  ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 3　衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) 　　Though it is difficult to predict what future household robots might be like，I still want to describe how amazing they are.  　　You will be alarmed to find that they will be more like humans than machines.With their help，you will be free of all household chores，such as washing，cooking，and cleaning.More importantly，equipped with an intelligent computer brain，they will help you set aside some time for outdoor exercise.When accompanied by such household robots at home，the elderly may not feel lonely.  Believe it or not，you are bound to have a desire for such wonderful household robots.  读后续写——素材语料积累 【动作细节描写：动“手臂”】 词块 wave one’s arms挥动双臂； fold one’s arms某人双臂交叉； hold out/open one’s arms某人伸出/张开双臂； gather sb. in one’s arms把某人抱在怀中； put/throw one’s arms around sb.搂住某人； take one’s arm挽住某人的胳膊； catch/grab one’s arm抓住某人的胳膊； keep sb. at arm’s length与某人保持距离； with crossed arms双臂交叉； with open arms张开双臂(欢迎) 句型 He ran to the door， waving his arms.(分词短语作状语) 他挥动着双臂朝门跑去。 She stood there with her arms crossed/folded， looking very angry.(with 复合结构) 她站在那里，双臂交叉，看上去很生气。 He held out/opened his arms， smiling. 他微笑着伸出/张开双臂。 She turned around， trying to keep him at arm’s length. (分词短语作状语) 她转过身，竭力和他保持一定的距离。 He had to approach her and reached out a hand to catch/grab her left arm. 他只得走近她，伸出一只手抓住她的左胳膊。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A 　　(2025·广东广州综合测试一)Last summer at a bookstore，my son Henry was fascinated by the cover of the first novel from Peter Brown’s middle-grade trilogy (三部曲).He then finished it in just two days.“Dad，why did The Wild Robot have to be so sad?” he tearfully asked me. 　　The story is set on a remote island，where a robot named Roz learns to survive and communicate with the island’s creatures，and becomes part of the community.For my son，it was the first book he discovered on his own； the first to impact him with the mix of tragedy (悲剧) and joy. 　　When I finished the book，I knew why Henry loved it.In our book club discussion，he described how Brown’s pictures and words had made the story feel real.When talking about its final scene，where Roz leaves to find repairs for her injured body，Henry cried again.His previous reading experiences had cheerful，“happily-ever-after” endings，but this book introduced him to the beauty of complex emotions.I tried to explain how sadness can enhance the meaning of happy moments，but failed to fully convince him. 　　Once our discussion ended，Henry requested to buy The Wild Robot Escapes and instantly fell in love with it.He read the first two books repeatedly，so you can imagine his excitement when we finally got a copy of The Wild Robot Protects. 　　We both agree it is worth the wait.Roz leaves the island again to stop an underwater threat：“the poison tide”.Brown expertly balances between breathtaking adventures and unsettling ideas—not just happiness and sadness，but also，given the climate-change undercurrents，hope and despair. 　　And，here’s something special about Roz：her physical clumsiness and confusion about life，conveyed through her expressive eyes and downturned mouth.Her story reflects the challenges of surviving in a strange place，much like a child’s journey.Readers love Roz.They learn from her.Even better，they learn alongside her.Roz gave Henry the power to push through the first book’s sad parts，getting him ready to appreciate that，sometimes，sadness isn’t a bad thing to feel. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要从父亲的视角介绍了儿子阅读机器人小说的经历和体会。 1.What drove the author to read The Wild Robot?(　　) A.Its tragic ending. B.Henry’s tearful recommendation. C.Its attractive cover. D.Henry’s emotional response to it. 1 2 3 4 D 解析：推理判断题。第一段谈到去年夏天在一家书店，作者的儿子Henry被Peter Brown的中级三部曲的第一部小说的封面迷住了。然后他只用了两天就读完了这本书，之后泪流满面地问作者“为什么《荒岛机器人》这部小说如此令人伤心?”。再由第二段中的第一句可推知，作者是因为Henry阅读这本书后的情绪反应才决定阅读此书，看看里面表达的内容，故选D。 1 2 3 4 2.What is one theme of The Wild Robot Protects?(　　) A.Family and community. B.Concerns about global issues. C.The exploration of the ocean. D.The man-robot relationship. 1 2 3 4 B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中谈到的“to stop an underwater threat：‘the poison tide’”以及接下来的“given the climate-change undercurrents”可知，这本书的其中一个主题是对全球性问题的担忧，故选B。 3.What makes Roz in the trilogy special?(　　) A.Her childlike expressions. B.Her robotic power. C.Her struggling experiences. D.Her adventurous spirit. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“And， here’s something special about Roz：her physical...the challenges of surviving in a strange place，much like a child’s journey.”可知，Roz还有一些特别之处：她肢体上的笨拙和对生活的困惑，通过她会说话的眼睛和向下的嘴角传达出来。她的故事反映了在一个陌生的地方生存的挑战，很像孩子的旅程。所以，机器人Roz的这段像孩子在陌生地方生存的经历是她的特别之处，故选C。 1 2 3 4 4.Which message does this text seem to communicate?(　　) A.Misfortune inspires great literary works. B.Robot stories work like magic on children. C.Book discussions help kids survive tragedies. D.Reading literature facilitates personal growth. 1 2 3 4 D 解析：推理判断题。本文主要讲述了作者的儿子Henry阅读《荒岛机器人》等三本书的经历和体会；根据最后一段中的“Readers love Roz.They learn from her...to appreciate that，sometimes，sadness isn’t a bad thing to feel.”可知，读者和文中提到的三本书中的机器人Roz这一角色一起学习和成长。Roz给了Henry度过第一本书中的伤心部分的能量，让他做好了准备去理解：有时候，感受悲伤并不是一件坏事。所以作者的儿子Henry在阅读三部文学作品的过程中，心理方面收获了成长，故选D。 1 2 3 4 B 　　(2024·新疆乌鲁木齐第一次质检)The Greek philosopher Heraclitus once said that you can’t step into the same river twice，for you aren’t the same person at each visit and the water is ever flowing.It is a powerful way to show the reality that everything is always changing.Yet so many people have unpleasant relationships with change.We resist it or attempt to control it，the result of which is almost always some combination of stress，anxiety，and burnout.It doesn’t have to be that way. 　　No doubt，change can，and often does，hurt； but with the right mindset，it can also be a force for growth.A concept called allostasis can help.Developed in the late 1980s by neuroscientist Peter Sterling and biologist Joseph Eyer，allostasis is based on the idea that rather than being rigid，our healthy baseline is a moving target.Allostasis is defined as “stability through change”—the way to stay stable through the process of change is by changing. 　　From neuroscience to pain science and psychology，allostasis has become the dominant model for understanding change in the scientific community.The brain is at its best when it is constantly rewiring itself and making new connections.Overcoming pain is not about resistance or trying to get back to where you were but about balancing acceptance with problem-solving and moving forward to normal. 　　The time to start practicing is now.Over the past few years，the river of change has been flowing，and it shows no signs of letting up. Our ability to work with these changes is directly related to our life satisfaction.Given all this，simply creating a stable air of expectancy around change goes a long way.So does realizing that the allostasis mindset doesn’t ask us to do nothing.Rather，it asks us to partake in change by focusing on what we can control and trying to let go of what we can’t.When I catch myself resisting change，in my head I say the following：“This is what is happening right now.I’m doing the best that I can.What，if any，skillful actions can I take?” Do this repeatedly and finally you start to get better at it.  　　To thrive in our lifetime—and not just survive—we need to transform our relationship with change，leaving behind rigidity and resistance.We are always shaping and being shaped by change，often at the very same time. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。人们往往在抗拒或者试图控制变化时感到压力和焦虑。本文主要讲述了Peter Sterling和Joseph Eyer提出的应变稳态的概念。它能够帮助人们在面对变化时，关注自己能控制的，忽略自己无法掌控的，从而实现内心的平静，并在变化中成长。 5.What’s the common practice toward change?(　　) A.To welcome it.　　　　 B.To reject it. C.To overlook it. D.To adapt to it. 5 6 7 8 B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Yet so many people have unpleasant relationships with change.We resist it or attempt to control it”可知，人们在面对变化的时候通常会抗拒它，故选B。 6.Which of the following can best interpret “allostasis”?(　　) A.One size fits all. B.Time works great changes. C.Respond to change by changing. D.It’s never too late to change. 5 6 7 8 C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Allostasis is defined as ‘stability through change’—the way to stay stable through the process of change is by changing”可知，应变稳态就是通过变化实现在变化过程中保持稳定，也就是说，通过变化来应对变化，故C项正确。 7.What does the underlined phrase “letting up” in paragraph 4 probably mean?(　　) A.Stopping.　　　　　 B.Dashing down. C.Going up. D.Widening. 5 6 7 8 A 解析：词义猜测题。画线短语所在的句子与上文形成并列关系。根据上文中的“the river of change has been flowing”可知，变化的河流一直在流淌。由此可见，这条河没有停下来的迹象，故A项与画线短语的意思最为接近。 150 8.What might the author agree with?(　　) A.Repetition makes up for rigidity. B.It matters to focus on what we can’t change. C.Change promotes life satisfaction. D.It makes sense to embrace change. 5 6 7 8 D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“it asks us to partake in change”可知，应变稳态要求我们参与变化；根据最后一段中的“We are always shaping and being shaped by change，often at the very same time.”可知，我们往往在同一时间塑造变化和被变化塑造。据此可以推断，作者认为我们应该拥抱变化，故选D。 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) 　　(2024·湖北武汉5月模拟)The fear of rejection was one of my biggest fears.Keeping myself in a　1　 bubble (气泡) and doing what I can perform well were my favourites.But I had to step out of the bubble eventually，with the first important out-of-my-comfort-zone 　2　. being applying for college.  　　The　3　 of my first college rejection is still fresh.I remember grabbing my phone trying 　4　 entering the password to the application website.When the letter started with “Thank you for your 　5　”，I was cut to the quick.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 　　This fear is　6　 elsewhere：from a job market or when asking someone out.Compared with rejection in workplaces，being 　7　 in social occasions stings (使不安) even more.At least the former mainly comes in email or phone calls，but social rejection is all terribly 　8　.Each rejection felt like a 　9　 reminder of “you’re not good enough”.Because of this fear，I 　10　 so many opportunities to grow.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 　　Luckily，getting over the fear takes just a shift in　11　.So next time，think this way：　12　 rejection does not mean you’re not good enough，but that you’ve tried your best for the time being.This optimism will 　13　 the pain of rejection.  　　This fear will never truly　14　，as everything we do has rejection attached to it in some way.Uncertainty is 　15　，but without experiencing the scariness，we would never grow，would we?   1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直以来惧怕被拒绝，每一次被拒绝都痛苦地提醒自身“你还不够出色”。由于这种恐惧，作者错失众多成长机遇。所幸作者开始转变被拒绝时产生的消极心态。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1.A.safe　　　　　　　　　 B.small C.beautiful D.thin 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据上文“The fear of rejection was one of my biggest fears.”和下文的“out-of-my-comfort-zone”可知，作者因惧怕被拒，所以将自己置于“安全的”气泡中。故选A。 2.A.consequence B.practice C.experience D.promise 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据下文“being applying for college”可知，申请大学是作者走出舒适区的一次经历。故选C。consequence“结果，后果”。 3.A.reason B.memory C.impact D.process 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据下文“of my first college rejection is still fresh”和“I remember”可知，此处是作者曾经被大学拒绝的记忆。故选B。impact“巨大影响，强大作用”；process“过程”。 4.A.nervously B.casually C.curiously D.randomly 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据上文“I remember grabbing my phone trying”可知，作者要查看申请结果，很紧张。故选A。casually“随意地”；curiously“好奇地”；randomly“随机地”。 5.A.interview B.request C.consideration D.application 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据上文“my first college rejection”可知，此处指大学申请。故选D。interview“面试，面谈”；request“要求”；consideration “仔细考虑，深思，斟酌”。 6.A.applicable B.avoidable C.ungrounded D.unjustified 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据下文“from a job market or when asking someone out”可知，这种恐惧适用于其他地方。故选A。avoidable“可以避免的”；ungrounded“无根据的”；unjustified“不正当的”。 7.A.picked out B.turned down C.built up D.laughed at 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据上文“Compared with rejection in workplaces”和下文的“social occasions”可知，此处指社交场合被拒绝的情况。故选B。pick out“挑选出”；build up“使逐渐变大”。 8.A.in private B.in person C.by design D.by mistake 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据上文“At least the former mainly comes in email or phone calls”可知，前者的拒绝主要是通过电子邮件或电话的形式，但社交拒绝都是当面拒绝。故选B。in private“私下地”；by design“故意地”；by mistake“错误地”。 9.A.visual B.timely C.painful D.meaningful 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据下文“you’re not good enough”和“the pain of rejection”可知，每一次被拒绝像是在提醒自己不够好，这种感觉会产生痛苦。故选C。visual“视觉的”；timely“及时的”；meaningful“意味深长的”。 10.A.capitalized on B.sought for C.looked forward to D.missed out on 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据下文“so many opportunities to grow”可知，作者害怕被拒绝，所以错过了很多成长的机会。故选D。capitalize on“利用”；seek for“寻找”；look forward to“期待”。 11.A.priorities B.tone C.mindset D.strategies 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：下文“　12　rejection does not mean you’re not good enough，but that you’ve tried your best for the time being”说明要转变心态。故选C。priority“优先事项，最重要的事，首要事情”；strategy“策略”。  12.A.surviving B.receiving C.anticipating D.hating 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据下文“rejection does not mean you’re not good enough”可知，此处指收到拒绝。故选B。survive“幸存”；anticipate“预期”；hate“讨厌”。 13.A.ease B.cause C.intensify D.overlook 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据下文“the pain of rejection”可知，此处指乐观心态缓解被拒绝的痛苦。故选A。cause“造成”；intensify“(使)加强，增强，加剧”；overlook“忽略，未注意到”。 14.A.change B.emerge C.last D.disappear 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据下文“as everything we do has rejection attached to it in some way”可知，这种恐惧永远不会真正消失，因为我们所做的每件事在某种程度上都可能会被拒绝。故选D。emerge“出现”。 15.A.relative B.significant C.relevant D.scary 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据空后的“without experiencing the scariness”可知，不确定性是可怕的。故选D。relative“相比较而言的，比较的”；significant“有重大意义的，显著的”；relevant“紧密相关的，切题的”。 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.3：enhance v.增强 Para.4：instantly adv.立刻 Para.5：expertly adv.熟练地 breathtaking adj.激动人心的，令人赞叹的 unsettling adj.令人不安(或紧张、担忧)的 Para.6：alongside prep.与……一起，与……同时appreciate v.理解 派生词汇 Para.4：repeatedly adv.重复地 →repeat v.重复 Para.6：clumsiness n.笨拙→clumsy adj.笨拙的 confusion n.困惑；混淆→confused adj.迷惑的 核心短语 Para.2：on one’s own 独自 B篇 核心单词 Para.1：burnout n.精疲力竭，过度劳累 Para.2：mindset n.观念模式，思维倾向 Para.4：expectancy n.预料，预期，期待，盼望 Para.5：thrive v.茁壮成长，兴旺发达，繁荣 派生 词汇 Para.1：resist v.阻挡，抵制；抵抗→resistance n.反对，抵制；抵抗，反抗→resistant adj.抵制的，反抗的 Para.2：rigid adj.固执的，僵化的，一成不变的→rigidity n.刻板，僵化 stability n.稳定(性)，稳固(性)→stable adj.稳定的，稳固的，牢固的 熟词 生义 第6题B选项：work 常用义：v.工作；争取；运转；奏效　文章义：v.(由于努力)造成，产生 核心 短语 Para.4：partake in 参与，参加 let go of放开，松手；放弃，摒弃 (想法、态度或控制) 长 难 句 分 析 Developed in the late 1980s by neuroscientist Peter Sterling and biologist Joseph Eyer，allostasis is based on the idea that rather than being rigid，our healthy baseline is a moving target.(Para.2) 分析：句中developed in... Eyer为过去分词短语作状语；that引导同位语从句，解释说明the idea的内容。 译文：在20世纪80年代末，神经学家Peter Sterling和生物学家Joseph Eyer提出了应变稳态，它是基于这样一种观点，即我们的健康基准是一个移动的目标，而不是一成不变的。 $$