话题24 社会进步与人类文明-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境二　人与社会 主题(三)　历史、社会与文化 话题24　社会进步与人类文明 1 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 巩固提升 2 高考真题精研 Passage 1　阅读理解(2023·全国乙卷·D) 　　If you want to tell the history of the whole world， a history that does not privilege one part of humanity，you cannot do it through texts alone，because only some of the world has ever had texts，while most of the world，for most of the time，has not.Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements，and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.  Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects，and some chapters of this book are able to do just that，but in many cases we simply can’t.The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict，at Botany Bay，between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side，we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day.From the Australian side，we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day，the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides， there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted，especially when only the victors know how to write.Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The Caribbean Taino， the Australian Aboriginals， the African people of Benin and the Incas，all of whom appear in this book，can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made：a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these，all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted，only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation，we have to read not just the texts，but the objects.  　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。对于历史事件的考证不能仅凭文字记录，要注重文字记录和实物相互印证，以帮助我们重现真实的历史。 32.What is the first paragraph mainly about? A.How past events should be presented. B.What humanity is concerned about. C.Whether facts speak louder than words. D.Why written language is reliable. 答案：A 32 33 34 35 解析：段落大意题。根据文章首段可知，如果你想讲述一段不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的世界历史，你就不能仅依靠文字。文字是人类后期的成果之一，直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载他们的重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现，不能仅靠文字，故A项正确。 32 33 34 35 10 33.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2? A.His report was scientific. B.He represented the local people. C.He ruled over Botany Bay. D.His record was one-sided. 答案：D 32 33 34 35 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects...but in many cases we simply can’t.(理想的情况是我们在研究历史时应该将文字和实物结合起来……而很多情况下我们没能这样做)”以及该段最后一句“If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day，the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.(如果我们想要还原那天到底发生了什么，这块盾牌必须和文字记述一样经过深入而严格的质询和诠释)”可知，库克船长的记录是片面的，故D项正确。 32 33 34 35 12 34.What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to? A.Problem.　　　　 B.History. C.Voice. D.Society. 答案：B 32 33 34 35 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice(实物能还原历史事实)”和“all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted，only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation，we have to read not just the texts，but the objects (我们所有的第一手描述无法避免地会被歪曲，它只是对话的一半。如果我们想找到另一半，就不能只解读文字，还要解读实物)”可知，conversation 指的是历史，故B项正确。 32 33 34 35 14 35.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? A.How Maps Tell Stories of the World B.A Short History of Australia C.A History of the World in 100 Objects D.How Art Works Tell Stories 答案：C 32 33 34 35 解析：文章出处题。第一段讲述要了解历史不仅要通过文字，还要通过物品。第二段用库克船长的例子具体说明很多情况下我们在了解历史时不能将文字与物品完美结合。最后一段说如果想了解历史的全部真相，不仅要读文字，还要研究物品。由此可见，作者写这篇文章是想告诉我们通过物品了解历史的重要性。C项(《100件实物中的世界历史》)符合题意。故选C。 32 33 34 35 16 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ n.特权；优惠待遇 vt.给予特权；特别优待 2. __________ n.抵触，冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执 v.冲突；抵触 3. __________ n.航海 vi.航行 4. __________ v.解释；口译；诠释；说明；把……理解为 5. _____________ adv.偶然地 privilege conflict voyage interpret accidentally 6. _____________ adv.故意地 7. __________ adv.必然地，不可避免地  8. __________ n.人类；人；人性；人道；人文学科 9. __________ adv.完美地；合乎理想地 10. __________ n.报告，描述；账户 11.reconstruct v.使重现，使再现→__________ v.建筑，建造；构建 12.comprehension n.理解力，领悟能力→___________________ n.误解，曲解 deliberately necessarily humanity ideally account construct miscomprehension (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 1.If you want to tell the history of the whole world， a history that does not privilege one part of humanity，you cannot do it through texts alone，because only some of the world has ever had texts，while most of the world，for most of the time，has not.(privilege基本义：n.特 权；荣幸) ______________________ 2.Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements，and until fairly recently even many literate societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.(concern基本义：vt.与……有关；涉及；影响 n.担心，忧虑；关心) __________________ v.特别优待；偏袒 n.重要的事情 19 3.From the Australian side，we have only a wooden shield dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.(flight 基本义：n.航班；飞行) ________________ 4.The Caribbean Taino， the Australian Aboriginals， the African people of Benin and the Incas，all of whom appear in this book，can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made：a history told through things gives them back a voice.(voice基本义：n.声音) __________ n.逃避，躲避 n.发言权 20 5.When we consider contact between literate and non-literate societies such as these，all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted，only one half of a dialogue.(necessarily基本义：adv.必要地；必然地) ________________ adv.不可避免地 (三)词块积累 1.in many cases _______________ 2.bring together _____________________ 3.from both sides ___________________ 在许多情况下 使在一起；团结起来 从两者的角度来看 (四)词汇精研 1 privilege n.特权；优惠待遇；荣幸 ①We all feel privileged _______________ (invite) here.  ②In those days， only the __________ (privilege) people had the vote. ③我们今晚有幸与一位贵宾在一起。 ___________________ to have a distinguished guest with us tonight.  to be invited privileged It is a privilege for us •It is a privilege to do sth.有幸做某事 have the privilege to do/of doing sth.有做某事的特权 •privileged adj.有特权的；荣幸的；幸运的 24 ◎写作素材 It was a great privilege to hear her sing.听她唱歌真是三生有幸。 25 ①The supply has been __________ conflict with the demand since last year. ②Having disagreements with your parents does not necessarily mean you must come into conflict __________ them. ③另一方面，时尚是我们生活中必不可少的一部分，这与我们的学习并不冲突。 For another，fashion is an essential part of our life，which _________ _______________________________ our studies.  2 conflict n.抵触，冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执v.冲突；抵触 in with doesn’t conflict with/isn’t in conflict with 26 •come into conflict with和……冲突(动作) (be) in conflict (with)(和……)冲突(状态) •conflict with与……发生冲突 ◎写作素材 often come into conflict with her sister经常与她妹妹发生争执 find herself in conflict with her parents over her future career发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 1.If you want to tell the history of the whole world， a history that does not privilege one part of humanity，you cannot do it through texts alone，because only some of the world has ever had texts，while most of the world，for most of the time，has not. 29 [结构分析]　这是一个复合句。if引导条件状语从句，同位语a history后面是一个定语从句，while表示前后两种情况的对比。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 如果你想讲述一段不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的世界历史，你不能仅仅依靠文本的历史记录，因为只有世界上的一些地方有过文字记载，然而世界上的多数地方绝大部分时候没有文字记载。 30 2.The Caribbean Taino， the Australian Aboriginals， the African people of Benin and the Incas，all of whom appear in this book，can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made：a history told through things gives them back a voice. [结构分析]　句子的主干是“The Caribbean Taino， the Australian Aboriginals， the African people of Benin and the Incas can speak of their past achievements.”，句中的all of whom appear in this book是 31 非限制性定语从句，whom指代句子的主语The Caribbean Taino， the Australian Aboriginals， the African people of Benin and the Incas； they made也是定语从句，they前面省略了关系词which或that，这个定语从句修饰先行词objects； told through things是过去分词短语作a history的定语。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 加勒比泰诺人、澳大利亚原住民、贝宁的非洲人民和印加人，他们都出现在这本书中，现在可以通过他们制作的物品最有力地向我们讲述他们过去的成就：通过实物讲述的历史还给了他们发言权。 32 Passage 2　阅读理解(2021·全国甲卷·D) 　　Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. Let’s state clearly： Einstein was a genius.His face is almost the international symbol for genius.But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself.Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts， those praised as geniuses were most often white men， of European origin.Perhaps this is not a surprise.It’s said that history is written by the victors， and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women， or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.  A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six， girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really， really smart.” Even worse， the study found that girls act on that belief： Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really， really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer： absolutely not.  Here’s the good news.In a wired world with constant global communication， we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.And the more we look， the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender， race， and class do not determine the appearance of genius.As a writer says， future geniuses come from those with “intelligence， creativity， perseverance (毅力)， and simple good fortune， who are able to change the world.” 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才?”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。 32.What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club? A.They’re unfair. B.They’re conservative. C.They’re objective. D.They’re strict. 答案：A 32 33 34 35 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。 32 33 34 35 33.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science? A.They think themselves smart. B.They look up to great thinkers. C.They see gender differences earlier than boys. D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs. 答案：D 32 33 34 35 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Even worse， the study found that girls act on that belief： Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are ‘really， really smart.’(更糟糕的是，研究发现，女孩们是按照这个信念行事的：6岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是‘非常非常聪明’的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩们容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在6岁左右就不适合做“非常非常聪明的孩子”做的事情。故选D。 32 33 34 35 34.Why are more geniuses known to the public? A.Improved global communication. B.Less discrimination against women. C.Acceptance of victors’ concepts. D.Changes in people’s social positions. 答案：A 32 33 34 35 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In a wired world with constant global communication， we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.(在一个全球通信不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通信让更多的天才被公众知道。故选A。 32 33 34 35 35.What is the best title for the text? A.Geniuses Think Alike B.Genius Takes Many Forms C.Genius and Intelligence D.Genius and Luck 答案：B 32 33 34 35 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章的主要内容并结合文章第一段提出的问题“Who is a genius?(谁是天才?)”和最后一段的“As a writer says， future geniuses come from those with ‘intelligence， creativity， perseverance， and simple good fortune， who are able to change the world.’(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有‘智慧、创造力、毅力和简单的好运并且能够改变世界的人’)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知，B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。 32 33 34 35 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ n.标准 2. __________ adj.连续发生的；不断的 3. __________ n.信仰；相信 4. ____________ vt.使泄气，使沮丧 5. _______________ adj.不被承认存在的，未得到公开承认的 standard constant belief discourage unacknowledged 6.admit v.承认；准许……进入→__________ n.承认；准许加入 7.contribute vi.& vt.捐助；捐献；投稿→____________ n.贡献→____________ n.捐赠者；投稿人 8.communicate v.沟通，交流→_______________ n.交流；信息 admission contribution contributor communication (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself.(nature基本义：n.自然) __________ n.本质 48 (三)词块积累 act on that belief ___________________ 按照这种信念行事 49 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 1.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women，or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. [结构分析]　本句是由when引导的状语从句和 they were unacknowledged...主句构成。句子的难点在于从句中make contributions使用了被动形式，同时又插入了破折号内的内容用以解释说明geniuses outside the club。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 当俱乐部之外的天才——女性，或者不同肤色或信仰的人——作出贡献时，他们就不会获得他人的认可，也不被他人接受。 2.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six，girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender are “really，really smart.” [结构分析]　本句主句是A study found；recently published by Science是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰study；主句的宾语是第一个that引导的宾语从句，从句的主语是girls，谓语部分是are less likely than boys to say；该宾语从句中又嵌入一个宾语从句，是由第二个that引导，用作动词say的宾语。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 《科学》杂志最近发表的一项研究发现，早在6岁时，女孩就比男孩更不太可能说自己性别的成员“非常非常聪明”。 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.His application was rejected，which accounted __________ his being upset this afternoon. 2.The __________ (reject) of such initiatives by no means indicates that voters are unconcerned about the environment. 3.This is another field that will be __________ demand and well-paid. 4.In my view，high school students should have a balanced diet and eat more fruit and vegetables instead of junk food，which can be beneficial __________ their health. for rejection in to 5.He made a very positive _____________ (contribute) to the overall success of the project. 6.The moment the players of the Chinese women volleyball team turned up，the audience burst __________ cheers. 7.Some important progress ________________(make) in the last few weeks.  8.How she manages to fit so much into a working day is beyond my ________________ (comprehend). into has been made contribution comprehension 9.They are still hunting __________ the missing boy，who disappeared last Sunday after attending his friend’s birthday party. 10.To the ____________ (satisfy) of the boss，his products could satisfy the needs of the customers. for satisfaction Ⅱ.完成句子 1. _________________________ (以防你需要任何帮助)， here’s my number.  2. _____________________________________________ (他提倡建更多的学校而不是商店) in this area at the meeting held yesterday.  3. _______________________________________________________ (该组织向灾区捐款100万元)，which earned it a good reputation.  In case you need any help He advocated building more schools instead of shops The organization contributed a million yuan to the disaster area 4.Astronomy in the last century _______________________ (取得了很大的进步).  5. ____________________________ (人们普遍认为) language learning is a process of developing pragmatic competence.  has achieved great progress It is widely acknowledged that 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　(教材改编，外研选必四U5)Comparing the highly-sophisticated civilisations of the Maya and Ancient China reveals some surprising 　1　.They both possessed a 　2　 understanding of mathematics and astronomy， which helped them maintain an accurate calendar， and a complex 　3　 system that used signs to represent sounds and meanings.It can therefore be difficult to explain why，　4　 their excellent construction skills， the Maya never learnt to use wheels， metal tools or even animal power， while the ancient Chinese did.Facts such as these add to the mystery surrounding Maya civilisation， driving people to find out why it 　5　 while others， such as Ancient China，survived and thrived.  1.A.differences　　　　　　 B.features C.similarities D.treasures 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据下文中的“They both possessed a...sounds and meanings.”可知，此处说明的是玛雅文明与中国古代文明的相似之处，similarity“相像处，相似点，类似的地方”符合语境，故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 2.A.detailed B.puzzled C.guided D.complicated 答案：A 解析：下文中的“which helped them maintain an accurate calendar”说明，玛雅文明与中国古代文明都对数学和天文学有详细的了解。detailed“详细的，细致的”符合语境，故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 显示原文 3.A.reading B.writing C.speaking D.listening 答案：B 解析：根据下文中的“that used signs to represent sounds and meanings”可知，它们都用符号表示声音和含义，说明它们有复杂的书写(writing)系统，故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 显示原文 4.A.without B.besides C.including D.despite 答案：D 解析：根据下文中的“the Maya never learnt to use wheels，metal tools or even animal power”可知，尽管玛雅人有杰出的建筑技能，但他们从来没有学会使用轮子、金属工具甚至畜力。despite“即使，尽管”符合语境，故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 显示原文 5.A.suffered B.survived C.disappeared D.failed 答案：C 解析：根据下文中的“while others，such as Ancient China， survived and thrived”可知，玛雅文明消失(disappeared)了，而其他文明，如中国古代文明，却存活并繁荣起来。空处应填与“survived and thrived”意义相反的词，故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 显示原文 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子) ①自中国为国际合作创造机会以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 Since China opened the door to international cooperation，_________ ________________________ in my hometown.  ②这些变化使我的家乡呈现出新的面貌。 These changes __________________________________.  great changes have taken place make my hometown take on a new look ③让我们以生活条件为例。 Let’s _________________________________.  ④现在，人们住在配有供暖系统的大房子里。 Now， people live in large houses _________________________.  ⑤在这些大房子里，冬天的寒冷已成为过去。 In these large houses， the cold of winter ______________________ __________.  ⑥我希望有一天你能亲自来看看中国是什么样子的。 I hope you can come and see ________________________ some day.  take the living conditions for example equipped with heating systems has become a thing of the past what China is like in person ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Step 2　表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级) ①用现在分词作状语的用法合并升级句①和句② Since China opened the door to international cooperation， great changes have taken place in my hometown， making it take on a new look.  ②用定语从句的用法合并升级句④和句⑤ Now， people live in large houses equipped with heating systems， where the cold of winter has become a thing of the past. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Step 3　衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) 　　Since China opened the door to international cooperation， great changes have taken place in my hometown， making it take on a new look.  Let’s take the living conditions for example.40 years ago， most people in China lived in small houses. Now， people live in large houses equipped with heating systems， where the cold of winter has become a thing of the past.  I hope you can come and see what China is like in person some day.  读后续写——素材语料积累 【动作细节描写：动“脚”】 单词 barefoot；stamp；impatiently 词块 get/leap to one’s feet 站起来/跳起来；jump/rise to one’s feet 跳起来/站起来；drag one’s feet 拖着脚步；put one’s feet up 跷起脚休息；in bare feet 光着脚 句型 She was putting her feet up and watching TV when her parents asked her to return home. 她正跷着脚看电视，这时她父母让她回家。 She jumped to her feet when she heard the news. 当她听到这个消息时，她跳了起来。 She planted her feet firmly to the ground and refused to move an inch. 她双脚钉在那里，不肯移动。 句型 Her father frowned and tapped/stamped his feet impatiently. 她爸爸皱着眉头不耐烦地跺着脚。 Impatient and angry， they carried her out of the hotel， with her feet kicking.(with复合结构) 他们既生气又不耐烦，他们把她拖出宾馆，她的脚乱踢。 She dragged her feet as she unwillingly followed her parents home. 她磨磨蹭蹭很不情愿地跟随父母回了家。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A 　　(2025·河北石家庄教学质量检测一)There are very few countries in the world that don’t have some sort of legend (传说) or connection with dragons.Here are some great destinations to get a fix on dragons. 　　France 　　Calais in France has a dragon standing 33 feet tall，82 feet long，with a wingspan of more than 55 feet.It walks and moves as you would imagine a dragon does，and you can take it for a ride.The Calais dragon is a mechanical wonder，which is nearly too real to be called a fairground creature. 　　Wales 　　In the UK，you will find a proud dragon country，Wales.Here there is the legend of two dragons： one white and one red.Wales’s tale describes the two dragons fighting and the red one winning，so you will find it difficult to hurry about the country without coming across a red dragon.Dragons are sold in souvenir shops，sit by ancient castles，hang around in King Arthur’s Labyrinth，and are featured on the national flag. 　　Norway 　　The Vikings knew a thing or two about dragons.In the lovely film How to Train Your Dragon，they even flew them.But seriously，when you dig into Norway’s Viking history and legends，you will find dragons mentioned everywhere，though not as cute as those in the film.From the figurehead in the Viking Ship Museum to jewelry，and decorations on buildings，be on the lookout for them when visiting Norway. 　　Bhutan 　　The Druk or Thunder Dragon，is the national symbol and appears everywhere.The country is called the Land of the Thunder Dragon，or the Kingdom of Druk，and it’s part of the national anthem (国歌) and its flag.Despite its fearful name，it’s actually rather cute.Legend has it that the sound of thunder through the mountains is actually the dragon roaring. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。世界上很多国家都有与龙有关的传说，文章介绍了四个国家意义非凡的龙。 1.What can we learn about the Calais dragon?(　　) A.It’s a character from a popular film. B.It’s a creation designed for entertainment. C.It’s a real creature trained for rides. D.It’s a sculpture displayed in a museum. 1 2 3 B 解析：推理判断题。根据France部分下的“It walks and moves...The Calais dragon is a mechanical wonder，which is nearly too real to be called a fairground creature.”可知，加来龙可以走路和移动，人们可以骑上它出去兜一圈。它是一个机械奇迹，它几乎太真实了以至于被称为露天游乐场的动物。由此可推知，加来龙是为娱乐而设计的机械龙，故选B。fairground“露天游乐场”与B项中的“entertainment”意义一致。 1 2 3 2.What do Wales and Bhutan have in common on dragons?(　　) A.They feature dragons on their flags. B.They include dragons in their anthems. C.They have a legend of two dragons. D.They describe dragons as cute images. 1 2 3 A 解析：细节理解题。根据Wales部分下的“Dragons...are featured on the national flag.”以及Bhutan部分下的“it’s part of the national anthem and its flag”可知，威尔士和不丹的国旗上都有龙，故选A。 3.Which country associates dragons with a natural phenomenon?(　　) A.France.　　　　　　　 B.Wales. C.Norway. D.Bhutan. 1 2 3 D 解析：细节理解题。题干中的关键信息为 a natural phenomenon “一种自然现象”。根据Bhutan部分下的“the sound of thunder through the mountains is actually the dragon roaring”可知，在不丹的传说中，穿过山间的雷声实际上是龙的咆哮声，所以不丹把龙和一种自然现象(雷声)联系在一起，故选D。 B 　　(2024·重庆名校联盟联考)When the discovery of fossilized (成为化石的) footprints made in what’s now New Mexico was made public in 2021，it was an astonishing moment for archaeology (考古学)，seemingly rewriting a chapter of the human story.Now new research is offering further evidence of their significance. 　　While they look like they could have been made yesterday，the footprints were pressed into mud 21，000 to 23，000 years ago，according to radiocarbon dating of the seeds of a water plant that were preserved above and below the fossils.This date dramatically pushed back the timeline of humans’ history in the Americas，the last land to be settled by prehistoric people.The 61 dated prints，which were discovered in the Tularosa Basin，near the edge of an ancient lake in White Sands National Park，were made at a time when many scientists think that massive ice sheets had stopped human passage into North America，indicating that humans arrived in the region even earlier. 　　However，some archaeologists questioned the age of the footprints established by those initial findings.They noted that water plants such as Ruppia cirrhosa—the one used in the 2021 study—can acquire carbon atoms from the water rather than the air，which can result in a misleadingly early date. 　　In a follow-up study published Thursday in the journal Science，researchers said they have produced two new lines of evidence to support their initial dates.“Even as the original work was being published，we were speeding up to test our results with multiple lines of evidence，” said Kathleen Springer，co-lead author of the new Science paper，in a news release.“We were confident in our original ages，as well as the strong evidence.” 　　When and how early humans first moved to the Americas has long been debated and remains poorly understood.Current estimates range from 13，000 years ago to more than 20，000 years ago.However，the earliest archaeological evidence for the region’s settlement is insufficient and often controversial，making the footprints especially important. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了关于美洲最早人类足迹的持续研究。 4.What is paragraph 2 mainly about?(　　) A.The purpose of the new research. B.The method of the dating. C.The significance of the footprints. D.The efforts of the scientists. 4 5 6 7 C 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段中的“This date dramatically pushed back the timeline of humans’ history in the Americas”和“indicating that humans arrived in the region even earlier”可知，这些足迹年代的确定极大地将人类在美洲的历史时间线往前移，表明人类到达美洲的时间更早。由此可见，本段主要讲足迹的重要性，故C项正确。 4 5 6 7 5.Why did some archaeologists question the age of the footprints?(　　) A.It goes against the prior knowledge. B.The prints seem to be made recently. C.The previous research method is improper. D.The then massive ice sheets are misleading. 4 5 6 7 C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“water plants...can acquire carbon atoms from the water rather than the air，which can result in a misleadingly early date”可知，一些考古学家之所以会质疑这些足迹的年代是因为2021年研究中使用的水生植物可以从水中而不是空气中获取碳原子，这可能误导性地将时间提前，即之前的研究方法是不恰当的，这才会让他们有所怀疑，故C项正确。 4 5 6 7 6.What will the author probably talk about next?(　　) A.The doubt about the age of the footprints. B.The new evidence of the fossilized footprints. C.An agreement between the two sides of the debate. D.Early humans’ hardship of moving to the Americas. 4 5 6 7 B 92 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However，the earliest archaeological evidence for the region’s settlement is insufficient and often controversial”可知，关于该地区定居的最早期的考古证据是不足的，而且经常存在争议；再结合倒数第二段中的“We were confident in our original ages，as well as the strong evidence.”可以推断，作者接下来可能会进一步提供新的证据来证实对足迹化石的年代判断是正确的，故选B。 4 5 6 7 93 7.What is the purpose of the text?(　　) A.To explain the process of the archaeological study. B.To report the discovery of fossilized footprints. C.To introduce a debate on the age of the footprints. D.To present the progress of the footprint research. 4 5 6 7 D 解析：写作意图题。作者在第一段表明主题“Now new research is offering further evidence of their significance”；第二段讲足迹的重要性；第三段讲一些考古学家提出了疑问；第四段讲进一步的研究和证据；最后一段提到了早期的研究证据不足，因此该足迹非常重要。综上可知，作者写这篇文章是为了展示足迹研究的最新进展，故D项正确。 4 5 6 7 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了对如何追求幸福、保持幸福的研究。 　　(2024·河南郑州第二次质量预测)We all want to know what happiness means and try to find ways to help make our life better. Happiness—you know it when you see it， but it’s hard to define.You might call it a sense of well-being， optimism or meaningfulness in life， although those could also be treated separately.1( )， we know that we want it， and that is just somehow good.  96 A.But whatever happiness really is B.It might take more work if your mood is low C.For now these studies can only show associations D.That refers to the person， and the situation he or she is in E.Being able to travel around was also related to enjoyment of life F.To manage our emotions is important for both our body and mind G.It’s not as simple as “you must be happy to prevent heart attacks”， though 1.答案：A 解析：空前讲幸福是什么很难定义，空后讲我们知道我们想要它。故A项“但不管幸福到底是什么”符合语境。此外，本空处于逗号前面，逗号后面是一个完整的句子，故空处应该是从句。结合选项可知，只有A项是从句。 We also know that we don’t always have control over our happiness.Research suggests that genetics may play a big role in our level of happiness， so some of us may start out at a disadvantage.On top of that， environmental factors can bring down mood and dry up our thirst for living. 2( ).Many studies have found a connection between psychological and physical well-being.  A.But whatever happiness really is B.It might take more work if your mood is low C.For now these studies can only show associations D.That refers to the person， and the situation he or she is in E.Being able to travel around was also related to enjoyment of life F.To manage our emotions is important for both our body and mind G.It’s not as simple as “you must be happy to prevent heart attacks”， though 2.答案：F 解析：空前讲基因和环境因素都可能会影响我们的幸福指数，空后讲许多研究已经发现了心理健康和身体健康之间的联系，F项“管理我们的情绪对我们的身心都很重要”承上启下，符合语境。 A 2022 review of more than 200 studies found a connection between positive psychological features， such as happiness， optimism and life satisfaction， and a lowered risk of heart disease. 3( ).If you have a good sense of well-being， it’s easier to maintain good habits：exercising， eating a balanced diet and getting enough sleep.  A.But whatever happiness really is B.It might take more work if your mood is low C.For now these studies can only show associations D.That refers to the person， and the situation he or she is in E.Being able to travel around was also related to enjoyment of life F.To manage our emotions is important for both our body and mind G.It’s not as simple as “you must be happy to prevent heart attacks”， though 3.答案：G 解析：上一段讲“积极的心理特征和较低的心脏病得病率之间有联系”，G项“不过，这并不像‘你必须保持快乐来预防心脏病发作’那么简单”与上文形成转折关系，且能引出下文的“如果你有良好的幸福感，你就更容易保持好的习惯”。故选G项。 4( )， and they do not provide hard evidence of cause and effect.But some researchers believe that positive mental states do have a direct effect on the body， perhaps by reducing damaging physical processes.For instance， they found that optimism is associated with lower levels of inflammation (炎症).  A.But whatever happiness really is B.It might take more work if your mood is low C.For now these studies can only show associations D.That refers to the person， and the situation he or she is in E.Being able to travel around was also related to enjoyment of life F.To manage our emotions is important for both our body and mind G.It’s not as simple as “you must be happy to prevent heart attacks”， though 4.答案：C 解析：根据下文中的“they do not provide hard evidence...But some researchers believe”可知，空处讲的应该也是研究，C项中的“these studies”话题匹配，指代上文中的“200 studies”。结合空后的“they do not provide hard evidence of cause and effect”(它们没有提供因果关系的确凿证据)可知，这些研究只能够证明心理健康和身体健康之间的联系。故选C项。 If what you mean by happiness is specifically “enjoyment of life”， there’s newer evidence to support that， too.A study in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that people aged 60 and over who said they enjoyed life less were more likely to develop disability over an 8-year period. 5( ).This study does not prove that physical problems are caused by less enjoyment of life， but suggests a relationship.  A.But whatever happiness really is B.It might take more work if your mood is low C.For now these studies can only show associations D.That refers to the person， and the situation he or she is in E.Being able to travel around was also related to enjoyment of life F.To manage our emotions is important for both our body and mind G.It’s not as simple as “you must be happy to prevent heart attacks”， though 5.答案：E 解析：结合本段首句中的“happiness is specifically ‘enjoyment of life’”可知，本段主要讲对幸福的狭义理解，即幸福就是享受生活。空前后讲的都与享受生活有关，E项“能够四处旅行也与享受生活有关”承接上文的“enjoyed life”，引出下文的“enjoyment of life”。故选E项。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 　　(2024·河南郑州第三次质量预测)Every year on March 14，students around the world put down their textbooks and pick up slices of pie to celebrate a unique and delicious holiday—Pi(π) Day. Thinking of the first 3 digits (数位) of pi (3.14)，you can quickly work out 1 __________ March 14 was chosen as the date for Pi Day.In 2019，UNESCO set the day as the International Day of Mathematics to celebrate the beauty of math and stress the essential role it plays in all aspects of our lives. why 　　Pi Day was first celebrated in the US in 1988 at San Francisco’s Exploratorium，a museum of science and technology which 2 ____________(encourage) visitors to be hands-on.During the first celebration，Exploratorium’s employees marched around one of the circular 3 __________(space) of the museum because pi is the rate of a circle’s circumference (周长) to its diameter. encourages spaces As a celebration of the mathematical constant pi，Pi Day in China is to honor Zu Chongzhi (429 CE-500 CE)，a Chinese mathematician who calculated pi as being 4 __________ 3.1415926 and 3.1415927，a record in accuracy 5 _________ was not surpassed for over 800 years. 　　Pi Day is celebrated in 6 __________ (variety) ways across the world.In the US，schools usually hold activities related to pie，such as pie-eating contests or 7 __________ (simple) throwing pie toward each other.“In Germany，the celebration of Pi Day takes on a cultural between that/which various simply twist，” said a 15-year-old German girl.Schools inspire students 8 ____________(express) their artistic side through pi-related art displays.These range from pi-inspired paintings to mathematical sculptures，training creativity within the field of mathematics.She even built a 3-dimensional cityscape with Lego for Pi Day，9 __________ (use) different colored blocks to represent each digit of pi.  to express using So，this year’s Pi Day was no different.Pies 10 __________ (eat) up and numbers rolled as students across the globe came together yet again to honor the charm of pi and math as a whole.  were eaten 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.1：destination n.目的地 Para.2：mechanical adj.机械的 fairground n.露天游乐场 Para.3：souvenir n.纪念品，纪念物 feature v.以……为特色，是……的特征 n.特色，特征，特点 Para.5：fearful adj.可怕的，吓人的 派生词汇 Para.4：decoration n.装饰图案，装饰品→decorate v.装饰 熟词生义 Para.1：fix 常用义：v.使固定，安装　文章义：n.理解，了解 核心短语 Para.3：come across(偶然)遇见，碰见 hang around逗留，闲荡 Para.4：dig into探寻，钻研 be on the lookout for sth./sb.注意某事/某人，留心某事/某人 B篇 核心单词 Para.4：follow-up adj.后续的 Para.5：controversial adj.引起争论的；有争议的 熟词生义 Para.2：dramatically adv.显著地；戏剧性地→dramatic adj.巨大的；引人注目的，给人深刻印象的；有关戏剧的→drama n.剧本，戏剧 Para.3：misleadingly adv.误导地→misleading adj.误导的；引入歧途的→mislead v.误导；引入歧途 Para.5：insufficient adj.不足的，不充分的→sufficient adj.充分的 长难句 分析 The 61 dated prints，which were discovered in the Tularosa Basin，near the edge of an ancient lake in White Sands National Park，were made at a time when many scientists think that massive ice sheets had stopped human passage into North America，indicating that humans arrived in the region even earlier.(Para.2) 分析：句中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词prints；when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time，在该从 长难句 分析 句中that引导宾语从句，作动词think的宾语；indicating...earlier为现在分词短语作状语，其中that引导宾语从句。 译文：在白沙国家公园一个古老湖泊边缘附近的图拉罗萨盆地发现的61个确定日期的足迹是在许多科学家认为巨大的冰原阻止人类进入北美的时候留下的，这表明人类更早时候就到达了该地区。 写作规范练(六) Ⅰ.应用文写作——报道(满分15分) 　　(2024·河北石家庄教学质检二)假定你是李华，劳动节到来之际，你做了关于“The Benefits of Doing Housework”的校园采访。请你就此次采访写一篇报道，向校英文报投稿。 　　注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 The Benefits of Doing Housework ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 　　In a campus interview conducted recently，students have shared how they benefit from doing housework. 　　The findings suggest that students participating in housework are more likely to improve time management and build a sense of responsibility.The interviews reveal that doing housework not only promotes family bonding but also fosters personal growth.Some students believe that it even plays a significant role in academic success，for it helps strengthen self-reliance and confidence. 　　All in all，the benefits extend beyond home as long as they embrace the role of contributing to housework. Ⅱ.读后续写——人与动物(满分25分) 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　(2024·九省联考)Last summer， Hilda worked as a volunteer with dolphin trainers at a sea life park. Her job was to make sure the tanks were free of any items so that the trainers could train the dolphins to fetch specific items. However， one day after cleaning， one of the dolphins， Maya， presented Hilda with a candy wrapper from the tank. When Katherine， the trainer， saw this， she blamed Hilda for her carelessness. Upset but not discouraged by this event， Hilda decided to do some spying on Maya. The next morning， Hilda arrived at the park early. She put on her scuba gear (水下呼吸器) and jumped into the tank for her usual， underwater sweep. Finding nothing in the tank， she climbed out of the water just in time to see Katherine jumping in on the other side. After what happened yesterday， Hilda knew what she was doing. She watched as Katherine performed her underwater search， but Hilda wasn’t surprised when she surfaced empty-handed. During the tank sweeps， Maya had been swimming playfully， but now the dolphin stopped suddenly and swam to the back part of the tank where the filter (过滤) box was located. She stuck her nose down behind the box and then swam away. What was Maya doing back there? Hilda wondered. She jumped back into the water and swam over to take a look behind the box， and her question was answered. Hilda then swam across the tank following Maya’s path and emerged from the water to find Katherine removing her scuba gear. As Katherine turned around， her mouth dropped open. There was Maya at the edge of the tank with a comb (梳子) in her mouth waiting for her treat. “Maya! Where did you get that?” demanded Katherine taking the comb and throwing her a fish. “I know where she got it，” declared Hilda climbing out of the tank with a handful of items still wet from their watery， resting place. “What’s all this?” Katherine asked， obviously confused. 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 “This is Maya’s secret，” Hilda said with a big smile.________ __________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hearing what Hilda said，Katherine froze there， curious，“Where did you get all this?” Holding up the wet items she retrieved from behind the box， Hilda said， the truth was that Maya had been secretly collecting items from the tank，hiding them near the filter in the back of the tank. As nobody checked the filter，Maya could do it again and again. “No wonder I didn’t find anything just now，”Katherine exclaimed.  Now Katherine realized what had been going on.______________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The moment she knew the truth she was embarrassed.She apologized to Hilda on the spot，“I’m sorry， Hilda. I shouldn’t have done that before I knew the truth.” Hilda who had forgiven her patted her on the shoulder and smiled， “Maybe we can take advantage of Maya’s intelligence to better her training.” Inspired， Katherine decided to update the training plan combining Maya’s habit of collecting items. Day after day， Maya became a superstar in the sea life park， attracting more and more visitors.  $$