话题21 物质与非物质文化遗产-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境二　人与社会 主题(三)　历史、社会与文化 话题21　物质与非物质文化遗产 1 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 巩固提升 2 高考真题精研 Passage 1　语法填空(2023·全国乙卷) 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。北京市在保护古代文化遗产的同时也发展了城市，为世界各国树立了榜样。 　　Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern.From Buddhist temples to museums，narrow hutong 61.____________ royal palaces，it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout，with the city keeping its carefully 62.____________ (build) system of ring roads.   61.答案：to 解析：考查介词。from...to...“从……到……”，是固定用法。 62.答案：built 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为with复合结构。system of ring roads与build之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填built。 But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place 63.____________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life，with 21st-century architectural 64.____________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.  63.答案：that/which 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为place，故填that或which。 64.答案：wonders 解析：考查名词的单复数。wonder在此表示“奇迹，奇观”，是可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，应用复数。故填wonders。 It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work，65.____________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.66.____________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years，I 67.____________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.As a photographer，I have spent the last two years 68.____________ (record) everything I discovered.  65.答案：but/yet 解析：考查连词。前后分句间是转折关系，故填but/yet。 66.答案：Having visited 解析：考查非谓语动词。结合句意及句中的状语“several times over the last 10 years”可知，visit所表示的动作已经发生多次，且发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。故填Having visited。 67.答案：was amazed 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我来过几次，我惊叹于新与旧的共存，以及一个城市如何能够在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的遗产。根据句意可知，此处应是过去感到惊讶，应用一般过去时；I和amaze之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was amazed。 68.答案：recording 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查“spend some time (in) doing sth.”结构，故填recording。 The 69.____________ (remark) development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，70.____________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.  69.答案：remarkable 解析：考查词性转换。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词development，应用形容词。故填remarkable“非凡的，卓越的”。 70.答案：means 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。文章的主时态为一般现在时，此处也应用一般现在时；句子的主语为“The 69.____________ (remark) development of this city”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填means。  词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ n.桥；桥梁 vt.在……建桥，架桥于；消除隔阂/鸿沟/分歧 2. __________ adj.皇家的；王室的 n.王室成员 3. __________ adj.快节奏的 4. __________ adv.以某种方式(或方法)；不知怎么地 bridge royal fast-paced somehow 5. ______________ n.共存 6. ____________ adj.非凡的；显著的；引人注目的；奇异的 7.distinct adj.不同的；明显的；清晰的→__________ n.区别；区分→__________ adj.独特的；特别的；有特色的 co-existence remarkable distinction distinctive (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 　It is a distinct visual contrast that shouldn’t work，but somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.(work基本 义：v.& n.工作)__________ v.起作用 16 (三)词块积累 side by side ______________ 并排；并肩 17 Passage 2　阅读理解(2017·全国Ⅲ卷·B) 　　Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater，employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups.It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history.This time，however，the clean-up was a little different.As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end. The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater.Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building.Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down. Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete.He added that the theater’s location (位置) was also a reason.“This used to be the center of town，”he said.“Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”  Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place.However，these plans were abandoned because of financial problems.Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm，which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. The theater audience said goodbye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time.After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie.The theater will be missed. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。最后一场电影结束几分钟后，工作人员忙着清理爆米花，收拾可乐杯子。这是在电影院75年的历史中被重复了很多次的普通一幕，但这一次清扫工作却有点儿不同。 24.In what way was yesterday’s clean-up at the Plaza special? A.It made room for new equipment. B.It signaled the closedown of the theater. C.It was done with the help of the audience. D.It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater. 答案：B 24 25 26 27 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“This time，however，the clean-up was a little different.As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.”可知，这次清扫工作有点儿不同，清理完垃圾后，工作人员也要把椅子和其他影院设备搬走，因为这个电影院要关门了，故选B项。 24 25 26 27 23 25.Why was The Last Picture Show put on? A.It was an all-time classic. B.It was about the history of the town. C.The audience requested it. D.The theater owner found it suitable. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.”可知，影院选择放映电影The Last Picture Show，是因为影院老板认为它比较合适，故选D项。 24 25 26 27 24 26.What will probably happen to the building? A.It will be repaired. B.It will be turned into a museum. C.It will be knocked down. D.It will be sold to the city government. 答案：C 24 25 26 27 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“...which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.”可知，Bradford把楼和地卖给了一家当地的开发公司，这家公司打算在这个地方建一家购物中心。由此可以推断出，这座楼会被拆除(be knocked down)，故选C项。 24 25 26 27 26 27.What can we infer about the audience? A.They are disappointed with Bradford. B.They are sad to part with the old theater. C.They are supportive of the city officials. D.They are eager to have a shopping center. 答案：B 24 25 26 27 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building.”可知，观众对电影院很有感情，挥泪告别这座老建筑，故选B项。 24 25 26 27 28 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ n.雇员；从业员工 2. __________ v.扫去，清除 3. __________ n.场面；情景 4. __________ n.垃圾；废物；废话 5. __________ adj.经典的n.经典作品，杰作 6. __________ v.收集；收割；聚集 employee sweep scene rubbish classic gather 7. __________ adj.公众的；政府的 8. __________ v.遗弃；离开 9. __________ n.观众 10. __________ adj.金融的；财政的 11. __________ v.错过 12.repeat v.重复→__________ n.重复 13.prepare v.准备→____________ n.预备；准备 14.add v.加；增加→__________ n.添加 15.locate vt.找出……的准确位置→__________ n.位置；地点 public abandon audience financial miss repetition preparation addition location (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 1.He added that the theater’s location was also a reason.(add基本义： v.增加)___________________ 2.Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm，which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.(complex基本义：adj.复杂的；复合的)_____________ v.补充说，接着说 n.综合大楼 (三)词块积累 1.be set in a small town ___________________ 2.close down __________ 3.with the help of the audience ___________________ 4.knock down ______________ 以一个小镇为背景 关闭 在观众的帮助下 击倒；拆卸 (四)词汇精研 ①What is the exact __________ (locate) of the ship? ②__________ (locate) in the central district，the hotel offers the best service with the lowest price. ③厦门大学坐落在美丽的海岛上，环境优美，景色迷人。 Xiamen University，____________________________，has a wonderful environment and charming scenery.  location Located located on a beautiful island 1 locate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置 •located adj.位于 be located in/on=be situated in/on位于；坐落于 •location n.位置；地点 ◎写作素材 be largely located in the desert大部分位于沙漠中 find a convenient location for these bookshelves找一个合适的地方放这些书架 be beautifully situated/located in a quiet spot near the river坐落在河边一个环境优美、僻静的地方 ①Though he didn’t win first prize in the competition，he gave __________ audience an impressive speech. ②Most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to __________ mass audience. ③当莫扎特的音乐在美国演奏时，观众达10多万。 When Mozart’s music was performed in America，_______________ _____________ more than 100，000 people.  2 audience n.观众，听众 the a there was an audience of 36 •an audience of...人数达……的观众 a large/mass audience很多听众 •audience 是集体名词，作主语时，如果作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如果强调各个成员，谓语动词用复数。 37 ◎写作素材 the audience dressed in a variety of ways 穿着各异的观众 attract a large/mass audience 吸引了很多观众 38 Part 2　句型 句型精析 [句型公式]　句中使用了“make it+adj.+for sb.to do sth.”句型， 其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为to compete。 Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete.布拉德福德说，这座城市的大型现代化剧院使广场剧院无法与之竞争。  ①Susan made __________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. ②I consider it no use ____________ (quarrel) with him about it because he is too stubborn. ③是文化而不是语言使得他难以适应国外的新环境。 It was the culture，rather than the language，that ________________ _______________ the new environment abroad.  it quarrelling made it hard for him to adapt to make+it+形容词/名词+that从句 make+it+形容词/名词+(for sb.) to do 常用于这种句型的动词：make、think、consider、find、feel等。 ◎写作素材 The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.大雨使得我们无法出去。 Passage 3　语法填空(2021·全国甲卷) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安城墙的活动。 　　The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history.It 61.____________ (build) originally to protect the city 62.____________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).It is possible 63.____________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.  61.答案：was built 解析：考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，应使用一般过去时；主语it为第三人称单数形式，主谓一致，故填was built。 62.答案：in 解析：考查介词。句意见上题。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。 63.答案：to walk 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：步行或骑自行车走全程14公里是有可能的。分析句子可知，此处为“it+be+adj.+to do sth.”句型，it为形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to walk。 We accessed the wall through the South Gate.The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. After 64.____________(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall， we decided it was time for some action and what 65.____________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!      64.答案：spending 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在花了一些时间游览了城墙上所有的防御设施之后，我们决定再做点别的事情，没有什么比在一段历史悠久的城墙上骑行更好的(活动)了!分析句子可知，此处after为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词的宾语。故填spending。 65.答案：better 解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意见上题。根据下文的than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级形式。故填better。 We 66.____________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.My bike was old and shaky 67.____________ did the job.It took us about 3 hours to go all 68.____________ way around the Xi’an City Wall.Supposedly you can do it in two hours， but we stopped at the different gates and 69.____________ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 70.____________ (day) routines.  66.答案：hired 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时。故填hired。 67.答案：but 解析：考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃的，但还可以骑。下文did the job和上文my bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。 68.答案：the 解析：考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意，表示“一直；完全地”应用短语all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。 69.答案：watchtowers 解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：据说，你可以在2个小时内完成，但我们在不同的门和瞭望塔停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人做他们的日常事务。根据句意以及上文形容词different可知，此处的可数名词watchtower应用复数。故填watchtowers。 70.答案：daily 解析：考查词性转换。句意见上题。修饰下文名词routines可知，空处应用day的形容词形式daily，作定语。故填daily。 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ adj.完全的，整个的 2. __________ n.(人)流；(车)流；小溪 3. __________ adj.防御的 4. ____________ adv.据说 5. __________ adj.完整的 v.完成 entire stream defensive supposedly complete 6. __________ v.生存；幸存；比……活(或存在)的时间长 7.access vt.进入；访问，存取(计算机文件) n.通道；入径；接触的机会→__________ adj.可到达的，易接近的→_____________ adj.难到达的；难接近的；难见到的 8.day n.白天，每天→________ adj.每天的；日常的 adv.每日，每天 survive accessible inaccessible daily (二)词汇精研 1 complete vt.完成adj.完整的；全部的；整个的 ①It rained for two weeks on end，__________ (complete) ruining our holiday. ②I have a lot of readings _____________ (complete) before the end of this term.  ③The new bridge under construction，measuring twice as long as the old one，is due _________________ (complete) next month.  completely to complete to be completed 54 ④她应该今年完成学业然后毕业。 She ________________________ and graduate later this year.  is due to complete her study 55 complete with sth.包括，含有(额外部分或特征) completeness n.信息的完整性 completely adv.完全地，彻底地 incomplete adj.不完全的；不完整的 ◎写作素材 come complete with配有 form a complete set配套 ①I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed __________ (make) decisions of my own.  ②On the contrary，they turn to pursue enthusiastically a __________ (suppose) more modern culture. ③这个工厂的每一个工人都应该遵守工作纪律。 Every worker belonging to this factory __________________ the working disciplines.  2 suppose v.假设；认为；猜想；料想 to make supposedly is supposed to obey 58 •be supposed to do sth.应该/被期望做某事 suppose+that从句 猜测；认为…… suppose sb./sth.to be 猜想某人/某事是…… •supposedly adv.据说，据传 supposing conj.假定，假设 59 ◎写作素材 I suppose so.我觉得是这样。 suppose a second flood 假定有第二次洪水 60 ①Kids shouldn’t have access __________ violent films because they might imitate the things they see. ②5G technology is not __________ (access) to millions of people living in rural areas. ③通过在线学习，学生可以轻松地获得优秀教师的讲座。 By studying online，students can _____________________________ __________ given by excellent teachers.  3 access n.通道；入径；接触的机会vt.存取(计算机文件)；到达；进入；使用 to accessible have/get/obtain/gain easy access to lectures 61 •have/get/obtain/gain access to拥有/获得……的机会；可以接近/进入 give access to准许进入(接近) •accessible adj.可接近的；可使用的 be accessible to可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的 ◎写作素材 the only access to the village通往村庄的唯一道路 allow easy access for wheelchairs便于轮椅进出 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall，we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! [结构分析]　介词after后跟动名词结构作状语；主句“we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history”中的 and并列结构作decided的宾语；“what better than to ride on a piece of history”是省略结构，补充完整是“what better thing to do there was than to ride on a piece of history”。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 在花了一些时间游览了城墙上所有的防御设施之后，我们决定再做点别的事情，没有什么比在一段历史悠久的城墙上骑行更好的(活动)了! 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(教材原句，外研必修三U1)Accepting sadness as part of life helps Riley deal with the emotional _____________ (complex) of growing up， and settle down in her new life. 2.(教材原句，北师大选必四U10)If our __________ (defend) is good in the next game， we could even win. 3.(教材原句，人教选必四U2) __________ (locate) to the south of the equator， below many other countries on the globe， it’s often informally referred to as “down under”. complexity defence Located 4.Their houses were __________ (sweep) away by the flood，so they had to build new ones. 5.We must make the most efficient use of the available __________ (finance) resources. 6.The message is very important，so it is supposed __________ (send) as soon as possible.  7.The volunteers cleared away the snow on the street to make __________ safe for people to walk on. swept financial to be sent it 8.It’s not easy to write about music，even for people who are ____________ (suppose) expert at it. 9. __________ the help of our English teacher，we have made great progress this term. 10.Many volunteers are used to __________ (do) difficult work. supposedly With doing Ⅱ.完成句子 1.The women doctors and women nurses in the hospital ____________ __________ (总计200).  2.Underdeveloped countries should be assisted by ________________ ____________________________ (让他们获得现代技术).  3. _______________ (我过去抽烟) but I gave up two years ago.  4.The event ______________________________ (使邻居们有可能) to have a chance to be together.  5.This small country __________________________ (大部分位于沙漠中).  add up to two hundred allowing them access to modern technology I used to smoke made it possible for the neighbours is largely located in the desert Ⅲ.语法填空 (教材改编，外研选必四U5)The Maya built 1.____________ (impress) palaces and temples，2.____________ include their representative step pyramids (金字塔).What is most extraordinary about these complex 3.____________ (structure) is how they were built without the use of wheels， metal tools 4.____________even animal power.The Maya’s understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite 5.______________ (amaze).They applied this understanding 6.____________the Maya calendar， which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.On top of all this was 7.____________ achievement unique in the Americas at that time：a true writing system.It contained more than 800 characters，with some signs 8.____________ (represent) animals， people and objects.It was a writing system so complicated that， so far， no one 9.____________ (be) able to interpret it 10.____________ (complete).  1.答案：impressive 解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰后面的名词短语palaces and temples，需要用形容词，意为“令人赞叹的”，故填 impressive。 2.答案：which 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词短语palaces and temples，从句中缺主语，故填which。 3.答案：structures 解析：考查名词的单复数。structure“建筑物”是一个可数名词，根据前面的these可知，此处要用名词复数形式，故填structures。 4.答案：or 解析：考查连词。此处表示“没有使用车轮、金属工具，甚至也没有使用畜力”，or(用于否定句，提出两种或多种事物)符合语境，故填or。 5.答案：amazing 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，修饰“Maya’s understanding of mathematics and astronomy”，表示“令人惊讶的”，故填amazing。 6.答案：to 解析：考查介词。此处考查固定搭配“apply...to...”，意为“应用……到……”，故填 to。 7.答案：an 解析：考查冠词。achievement“成就，成绩”，为可数名词；分析句子结构和冒号后边的内容可知，空处需要一个冠词，表示“一项成就”，且 achievement的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 8.答案：representing 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构， represent 与逻辑主语 signs形成了主谓关系，故填representing。 9.答案：has been 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语so far可知，空处应用现在完成时；主语为no one，故填 has been。 10.答案：completely 解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰动词interpret，需要用副词，故填completely。 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子) ①许多人认为文化遗产属于全人类而不是个人。 Many people hold the view that cultural relics ____________________ ____________ individuals.  ②文化遗产很值得保护。 Cultural relics _________________________.  belong to human beings rather than are well worth protecting ③有些人想方设法地寻找它们，并非法地占有它们。 Some people take great pains ______________ them and take possession of them illegally.  ④其中一些文化遗产已被遭到破坏，只有少数幸免于难。 Some of the cultural relics have been damaged ___________________ __________.  to search for while only a few have survived ⑤我们每一个人都应尽最大的努力保护它们免遭破坏。 Each of us should ________________________________________ ______________.  ⑥毫无疑问，保护好文化遗产是我们的责任。 ______________，it is our duty to protect cultural relics.  make all efforts to protect them from being destroyed Without doubt Step 2　表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级) ①用定语从句把①②句合并升级为一句 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ②用同位语从句升级句⑥ __________________________________________________________ Many people hold the view that cultural relics，which belong to human beings rather than individuals，are well worth protecting. There is no doubt that it is our duty to protect cultural relics.  ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Step 3　衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) 　　Many people hold the view that cultural relics，which belong to human beings rather than individuals，are well worth protecting. However，some people take great pains to search for them and take possession of them illegally.Some of the cultural relics have been damaged while only a few have survived.So，each of us should make all efforts to protect them from being destroyed.There is no doubt that it is our duty to protect cultural relics.  读后续写——素材语料积累 【动作细节描写：“嘴”动“唇”动】 单词 mouth； open-mouthed； lip； grin 词块 one’s mouth widens咧开嘴；one’s mouth drops/hangs wide open张大嘴巴；cup/cover one’s mouth捂住某人的嘴； one’s heart in one’s mouth提心吊胆； lick one’s lips舔嘴唇； purse one’s lips噘嘴 句型 She couldn’t move， her mouth wide open with terror.(独立主格) 她不敢移动，嘴巴惊恐地张得老大。 Learning he was appointed as captain， he broke into a wide grin. 得知他被任命为队长后，他咧嘴笑了。 I stared， open-mouthed.(形容词作状语) 我目瞪口呆地看着。 Her lips trembled， tears rolling down her cheeks. 她嘴唇颤抖，眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A 　　On December 16， 2023，the first section of Maya Train officially opened， which runs between Campeche and Cancun， carrying up to 231 passengers across 290 miles and stopping at 14 train stations. Built as an ambitious effort to promote tourism and boost Mexico’s economy，the rail system connects the major cities and tourist regions of the Yucatan Peninsula—from Cancun’s beaches to Tulum’s archaeological (考古的) wonders.Once the project is completed，the entire rail system will link tourist destinations across five states. However， environmentalists and archaeologists argue that the train route will cause great damage to the environment and ancient Mayan sites. The Maya Train passes through six UNESCO World Heritage sites， and thousands of archaeological sites. One particular area of concern is the Calakmul biosphere reserve，which is home to many endangered species，such as jaguars and over 500 other animal species. The train lines，more than 60 meters wide， could act as artificial barriers that may limit the movement of these animals within the reserve， making it difficult for them to move around and access food and water sources. Opponents also express safety concerns. Certain sections of the rail system will be built right on top of the aquifer’s (地下水层的) most fragile points of contact with the surface.“It’s like wanting to build over eggshells，” says Guillermo Christy，a water treatment consultant.“Putting trains weighing thousands of tons on top could cause the underground caves to crash down.” To construct the train infrastructure (基础设施) also requires driving long piles deep into the ground， which poses a big threat to this fragile ecosystem and leads to water shortages. In the ongoing debate of Maya Train， it is crucial to consider the delicate balance between economic development and environmental preservation. While Maya Train may provide economic benefits，we must not overlook the potential environmental and cultural losses， as well as the safety risks it may bring. Achieving harmony between progress and conservation may be a significant challenge for the project， but we must take into account the long-term consequences of our actions. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了玛雅列车项目给当地旅游业和经济发展带来的好处，以及专家们对于这一项目会给当地环境及古玛雅遗址等造成的巨大破坏的担忧，说明了平衡经济发展和环境保护的重要性。 1.What do we know about the Maya Train project?(　　) A.It consumes lots of labor in Mexico. B.It was completed on December 16， 2023. C.It has concerned some professionals. D.It blocks the development of local tourism. 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，玛雅列车项目让一些专业人士感到担忧。故选C。 C 2.What is the effect of the train lines on the animals in the reserve? (　　) A.They disturb their sleeping patterns. B.They restrict their activities. C.They pollute their water sources. D.They attract their enemies to the area. 1 2 3 4 B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，玛雅列车项目的火车线路会限制动物保护区内动物的活动。故选B。 3.Why does the author mention “eggshells” in paragraph 4?(　　) A.To show the difficulty of constructing the rail lines. B.To prove the urgency of protecting the fragile ecosystem. C.To explain the reasons for water shortages along the railway. D.To stress the potential harm of Maya Train to the aquifer system. 1 2 3 4 D 解析：推理判断题。通读第四段内容尤其是第四句可知，把数千吨的火车放在(含水层与地表接触的最脆弱的顶部)上面可能会导致地下洞穴坍塌。由此可推知，作者在第四段提及“蛋壳”是为了强调玛雅列车项目对地下水层系统的潜在危害。故选D。 4.Which statement would the author probably agree with?(　　) A.Preserving cultural sites requires strong financial support. B.It is time to speed up the construction process of Maya Train. C.Economic development should not come at the expense of the environment. D.We should prize the economic benefits of the project in the long run. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句可推知，作者可能同意“经济发展不应以牺牲环境为代价”的观点。故选C。 B 　　Some talk of building settlements on the Moon or Mars to help make sure humanity survives long into the future.Others have their sights set closer to home：on future cities under the ocean. 　　“Technologically speaking，it is absolutely possible to colonize the bottom of the sea，” says Fabien Cousteau，a well-known ocean explorer who once spent 31 days living in what is now the world’s only functioning undersea habitat，Aquarius Reef Base.It’s about the size of a school bus and located 62 feet below the ocean surface in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. 　　Just as astronauts test what it would be like to live in space，aquanauts try out undersea living with an eye to the future.Escaping from disasters such as climate change or wars is one reason to live under the sea.Others include studying，exploring，or appreciating the ocean.It’s costly and expensive to constantly keep up an ocean habitat which must pump in or make its own air，electricity，and fresh water.Inhabitants have to deal with high pressure.And infections can develop rapidly due to high humidity. 　　Despite the challenges，several new ocean habitats and cities are under construction.A series of space station-like undersea living quarters for aquanauts called Proteus are scheduled to be completed by 2025 off Curacao，an island north of Venezuela in South America.An undersea colony called Vent Base Alpha will be built near a hydrothermal vent，which would supply it with energy.Meanwhile，an undersea city called Ocean Spiral in Japan would link its surface to the deep sea，using the difference in pressure to generate energy and produce fresh water.This sounds amazing，but it would be extremely expensive and remains just a design. 　　Not everyone agrees that building homes in the ocean is a good idea.This type of development could place even more strain on ecosystems that are already struggling with pollution and climate change.It’s important to make sure that any construction is done carefully，says Susanne Menden-Deuer，an oceanographer at the University of Rhode Island.Wild undersea habitats should be treated as “the precious，irreplaceable resource that they are，” she says. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对未来海底城市的展望以及建立海底城市存在的问题。 5.What do we know about Aquarius Reef Base?(　　) A.It is still under construction. B.It functions as an undersea school bus. C.It is the only ocean habitat in operation. D.It only allows a person to live there for 31 days. 5 6 7 8 C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fabien Cousteau，a well-known ocean explorer...Aquarius Reef Base”可知，海洋探险家Fabien Cousteau曾经在现在世界上唯一一个正常运作的海底栖息地Aquarius Reef Base生活了31天。 6.What is paragraph 3 mainly about?(　　) A.The present and future of living under the sea. B.The reasons and challenges of living under the sea. C.The purpose and cost of building undersea settlements. D.The problems and findings of building undersea settlements. 5 6 7 8 B 解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Escaping from disasters...due to high humidity.”可知，人们生活在海底的原因之一是逃避气候变化、战争等灾难，其他原因包括学习、探索或欣赏海洋。维持海洋栖息地是昂贵的，居民必须应对高压，而且由于高湿度，传染病会迅速蔓延。由此可以推断，第三段主要讲述了人们生活在海底的原因以及所面临的各种挑战。故选B项。 5 6 7 8 7.What would be the result of building homes in the ocean according to the text?(　　) A.Rapid development of undersea habitats. B.Protection of irreplaceable ocean resources. C.Negative impacts on undersea ecosystems. D.Struggles with pollution and climate change. 5 6 7 8 C 104 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Not everyone agrees...struggling with pollution and climate change.”可知，并不是每个人都同意在海洋中建造房屋是个好主意。这种类型的发展可能会给已经在与污染和气候变化作斗争的生态系统带来更大的压力。由此可知，在海底建房子会对海底的生态系统造成负面的影响。故选C项。 5 6 7 8 105 8.Where is the text most probably taken from?(　　) A.A textbook. B.An exam paper. C.An academic article. D.A science magazine. 5 6 7 8 D 解析：文章出处题。纵观全文，尤其是第一段可知，一些人谈到在月球或火星上建立定居点以帮助确保人类在未来长期生存。其他人则把目光投向了离家更近的地方：未来的海底城市。由此可知，本文讲述的内容具有科幻性质，文章很有可能出自科学杂志。故选D项。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) 　　(2024·广东惠州调研)One summer day，Bella，our pet dog，was in the bushes in our backyard making all sorts of noises.Our 11-year-old daughter，Kaitlin，discovered her sniffing and pawing at a 　1　，where several caterpillars (毛毛虫) chewed.  　　My husband and I quite worried that our backyard—a 　2　 . hangout of birds，squirrels，and neighborhood cats—wasn’t the safest environment for 　3　 caterpillars. So we got a butterfly house where the caterpillars could 　4　 transform themselves.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 　　Each day，when we took the butterfly house to the backyard，Bella 　5　 with it.Each night，when we brought it back inside，Bella 　6　，and then slept under the table on which it rested.We didn’t know why Bella was so 　7　， but she was there for every step of the budding butterflies’ 　8　.  　　Finally，the caterpillars turned into beautiful queen butterflies. 　9　，Bella didn’t seem worried when Kaitlin 　10　 them.In fact，Bella seemed to understand that this was part of the 　11　.It wasn’t 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 until one last butterfly wouldn’t fly away that Bella expressed 　12　. She gently rested her head near the 　13　 flier，which crawled onto her nose.Bella lifted her head，pointed her nose，and let out one 　14　.Away flew the queen butterfly，moving her wings lightly up and down，seemingly needing a little 　15　 from a friend to begin her migration.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者的宠物狗Bella在后院发现了几条毛毛虫，作者和丈夫担心后院的环境对毛毛虫来说不安全，于是给毛毛虫做了一个蝴蝶屋。自此，Bella开始了自己的“守望”之旅，它每天护送毛毛虫从屋里到后院来回搬动，睡在蝴蝶屋下，看着毛毛虫破茧成蝶，最后看着它们飞走。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1.A.cave　　　　　　　 B.branch C.bone D.dustbin 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据上文中提到的in the bushes可知，Bella嗅树枝，并抓来抓去。 2.A.messy B.rare C.frequent D.noisy 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据语境可知，鸟、松鼠和附近的猫经常光顾作者的后院，所以这对毛毛虫来说会很危险。 3.A.delicate B.tiny C.gentle D.delicious 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据常识可知，毛毛虫在这个阶段比较脆弱。 4.A.gradually B.comfortably C.safely D.easily 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据上文中的wasn’t the safest environment可知，a butterfly house会确保毛毛虫可以安全地变成蝴蝶。 5.A.fought B.dealt C.agreed D.moved 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据下文中的“she was there for every step of the budding butterflies’ 　8　 ”可知，“我们”把蝴蝶屋从屋里移到后院的时候，Bella会一起出去，而当“我们”把蝴蝶屋从院里搬回屋里的时候，Bella会跟着回去。  6.A.followed B.left C.hesitated D.ignored 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：参见上题解析。 7.A.curious B.annoyed C.scared D.attached 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据下文中的“she was there for every step of the budding butterflies’ 　8　 ”可知，Bella与毛毛虫形影不离(attached)。  8.A.journey B.transformation C.tragedy D.flight 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：此处考查词汇复现。根据上文中的“we got a butterfly house where the caterpillars could 　4　 transform themselves”可知，B项正确。transformation“变化，转变”。  9.A.Fortunately B.Delightfully C.Surprisingly D.Thankfully 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：本空为副词修饰整个句子。根据下文中的“Bella didn’t seem worried when Kaitlin 　10　 them”，再结合上文中Bella与毛毛虫形影不离可知，Bella的这种表现是令人意外的。  10.A.released B.cupped C.hurt D.approached 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据上文中的“Finally，the caterpillars turned into beautiful queen butterflies.”和常识可知，毛毛虫变成蝴蝶后就不适合待在蝴蝶屋了，Kaitlin会把它们放出来。 11.A.experiment B.adventure C.cycle D.rescue 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：分析语境可知，此处解释了“Bella didn’t seem worried”的原因，即它似乎理解这是生命周期的一部分。 12.A.love B.concern C.doubt D.gratitude 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：此处与上文中的“Bella didn’t seem worried”形成对比，表示最后一只蝴蝶不愿飞走时，Bella开始担心了。 13.A.stubborn B.abnormal C.brave D.unwilling 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：此处是对“one last butterfly wouldn’t fly away”的形容，即这是一只“不愿意”飞走的蝴蝶。 14.A.sigh B.cry C.cheer D.regret 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：上文讲到Bella开始担心，因此它叹了声气。 15.A.benefit B.hug C.understanding D.push 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据语境可知，蝴蝶轻轻地上下扇动着翅膀，似乎是需要一个朋友助它一臂之力。 $$