话题20 法律常识与法治意识等-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境二　人与社会 主题(三)　历史、社会与文化 话题20　法律常识与法治意识等 1 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 巩固提升 2 高考真题精研 Passage 1　阅读理解(2018·北京卷·D) Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream，years away from materializing in the real world. Well，the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California，it should be noted，isn’t leading the way here.Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated.  While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so)，policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions (排放) and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.  Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles.They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread.They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services. A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric，self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services，considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues (责任与维护问题).But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。 47.According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can ________.  A.help deal with transportation-related problems B.provide better services to customers C.cause damage to our environment D.make some people lose jobs 答案：A 47 48 49 50 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars...offer more convenient，affordable mobility options.”可知，人们对无人驾驶汽车的关注点在于其安全性以及有助于减少交通拥堵等方面。故选A。 47 48 49 50 48.As for driverless cars，what is the author’s major concern? A.Safety.　　　　　　　 B.Side effects. C.Affordability. D.Management. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句并结合上文内容可知，作者希望政策的制定者要考虑这些无人驾驶车辆的管理，不要扩大现有汽车管理运输系统中的最糟糕的方面，故选D。 47 48 49 50 49.What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Employed. B.Replaced. C.Shared. D.Reduced. 答案：A 47 48 49 50 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容“The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly”并结合下句中“as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology”可知，随着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术开始应用自如，第一批上市的无人驾驶车辆会“被应用”到“叫车服务”中。故选A。 47 48 49 50 50.What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars? A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic. 答案：B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段最后两句“The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.”可知，无人驾驶车辆的时代马上来到，准备好迎接它的到来吧。由此推断，作者对这种新科技持积极乐观的态度。 47 48 49 50 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ n.潜力；潜能 2. __________ v.(使)变糟 3. __________ v.允许 n.许可证，许可 4. __________ n.所有权 5. __________ n.方面 6.safe adj.安全的→__________ n.安全 7.arrive v.到达→__________ n.到达 8.apparent adj.显而易见的→__________ adv.显然 9.appoint v.安排；约定→____________ n.预约；约定 potential worsen permit ownership aspect safety arrival apparently appointment (二)词块积累 　lead the way _____________ 领先；带路 ①The security system will not permit you __________ (enter) without the correct password.  ②The visitors are reminded that the museum doesn’t permit _________ (smoke). ③I will come after the meeting if time permits，but I should ask for my headmaster’s __________ (permit) first. ④如果时间允许，我希望有更多的空闲时间和朋友们在一起，这样我们就能有更好的关系。 _________________，I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship.  1 permit n.执照；许可证；通行证v.许可；允许；准许 (三)词汇精研 to enter smoking permission Time permitting 19 •permit doing sth.允许做某事 permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 •permission n.允许；许可 ask for permission 请求许可 without permission 未经许可 20 ◎写作素材 need to obtain a work permit 需要获得一个工作执照 be permitted to carry only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane 只允许携带一个手提行李包登机 21 ①They appointed him __________ captain of the England team. ②We must appoint someone __________ (act) as secretary.  ③The time __________ (appoint) for the meeting was 10：30. ④如果你打电话预约，你就不用等了。 _____________________________，it’ll save you waiting.  2 appoint vt.任命，委派，约定(时间、地点等) as to act appointed If you phone for an appointment 22 •appoint sb.任命某人 appoint sb.as/to be...把某人任命为…… appoint sb.to do sth.指派某人做某事 •appointment n.约定；约会；任命；委任；职务；职位 make/fix an appointment with与……约会 keep/break one’s appointment守约/失约 ◎写作素材 keep an appointment守约 at the appointed time在约定的时间 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 1.But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated. [结构分析]　本句是一个主从复合句。句中however引导让步状语从句，主句中depending on how the transformation is regulated为现在分词短语作状语，其中how the transformation is regulated为宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 但不管需要多长时间，这项技术有潜力改变我们的交通系统和城市，是好是坏，这取决于这种转换是如何被监管的。 25 2.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so)，policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options. [结构分析]　本句是一个主从复合句。while引导让步状语从句，主句中“how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options”为宾语从句，作talking about的宾语。 [尝试翻译]　_________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 尽管到目前为止的争论大多集中在无人驾驶汽车的安全问题上(应当如此)，但决策者也应该讨论自动驾驶汽车如何有助于缓解交通堵塞、减少排放，并提供更方便、更实惠的出行选择。 26 Passage 2　阅读理解(2018·江苏卷·C) 　　If you want to disturb the car industry，you’d better have a few billion dollars：Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies.But in agriculture，small farmers can get the best of the major players.By connecting directly with customers，and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems (生态系统)，small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys.As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC，美国青年农会) and a family farmer myself，I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry. 27 For example，take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester，a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer，Jonathan Dysinger，in Tennessee，with a small loan from a local Slow Money group.It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.Before the tool came out，small farmers couldn’t touch the price per pound offered by California farms.But now，with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product，they can stay in business. 28 　　The sustainable success of small farmers，though，won’t happen without fundamental changes to the industry.One crucial factor is secure access to land.Competition from investors，developers，and established large farmers makes owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers.From 2004 to 2013，agricultural land values doubled，and they continue to rise in many regions. Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship—the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own.With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering (多于) farmers younger than 35 by six to one，and with two-thirds of the nation’s farmland in need of a new farmer，we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation’s food. There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy，but farmers can’t clumsily put them together before us.We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation，as we push for immigration reform，and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds.With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress，consumers must take a stand with young farmers. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章分析了美国小农场主具有的优势，同时也分析了目前美国农业发展所面临的问题，督促国会对某些领域进行改革以支持美国国内小农场的发展。 61.The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce ________.  A.the progress made in car industry B.a special feature of agriculture C.a trend of development in agriculture D.the importance of investing in car industry 答案：B 61 62 63 64 解析：推理判断题。文章开头首先提到汽车行业的特点，“如果想进军汽车行业，你最好有几十亿美元：家庭经营的汽车制造厂不大可能击败最大的汽车公司”；接着指出“但是在农业方面，小农场主可以胜过大农场主”。由此可知，作者开头提到汽车行业是为了通过对比介绍农业的一个特色。 61 62 63 64 62.What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2? A.Loans to small local farmers are necessary. B.Technology is vital for agricultural development. C.Competition between small and big farms is fierce. D.Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones. 答案：D 61 62 63 64 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.”以及“...they can stay in business.”可知，Quick Cut Greens Harvester 的发明让小农场可以与加利福尼亚的大农场竞争，并且可以继续经营下去，也就是说，小农场主可能比大农场主获得了一些优势。 61 62 63 64 63.What is the difficulty for those new farmers? A.To gain more financial aid. B.To hire good farm managers. C.To have farms of their own. D.To win old farmers’ support. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，新农民面临的最大挑战是无法获得公民身份，因此不能建设自己的农场，故选C。 61 62 63 64 64.What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy? A.Seek support beyond NYFC. B.Expand farmland conservation. C.Become members of NYFC. D.Invest more to improve technology. 答案：A 61 62 63 64 解析：推理判断题。最后一段提到NYFC在敦促国会增加耕地保护等方面需要支持，有关国会将要讨论的新农业法案，消费者必须与年轻农民站在一起。由此可知，为了使农场经济可持续和公平发展，农场主需要寻求NYFC以外的支持。 61 62 63 64 词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ n.借贷 2. __________ v.收获；收割 3. __________ v.参加比赛；竞争 4. __________ adv.笨拙地 5. __________ n.改革 6.urge vt.强烈要求；敦促→__________ adj.紧急的→__________ n.急迫；急事 loan harvest compete clumsily reform urgent urgency (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 　There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy，but farmers can’t clumsily put them together before us.(light基本义：n.光；光源adj.轻的；明亮的) ________________ v.引路，指引 (三)词块积累 1.get the best of the major players _______________ 2.respond quickly to changes in the markets _________________________ 战胜主要对手 迅速对市场变化作出反应 42 ①The most __________ (urge) thing in a fire is to make sure everyone is out of the building. ②The __________ (urgent) of the problem has been highlighted recently by politicians. urge vt.强烈要求；敦促n.强烈的欲望；冲动 (四)词汇精研 urgent urgency 43 ③父母应该积极地督促孩子利用这个机会加入体育队。 →Parents should actively ____________________________________ the opportunity to join sports teams.(简单句)  →Parents should actively ____________________________________ _____________the opportunity to join sports teams.(宾语从句)  urge their children to take advantage of urge that their children (should) take advantage of •urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事 urge that...(should) do sth.极力主张/强调……做某事 have an urge to do sth.有强烈的欲望做某事 •urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的 urgency n.紧迫；急迫；急事 45 ◎写作素材 urge them to sort out the problem sooner rather than later敦促他们尽早解决那个问题 an urgent need for qualified teachers迫切需要合格的教师 46 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.The public urged the government __________ (take) measures to prevent such cases from happening again.  2.In her autobiography she occasionally refers ________ her unhappy schooldays. 3.Rarely has __________ debate attracted so much media attention. 4.The late _________ (arrive) of the train had messed up all our plans. to take to a arrival 5.That unusual experience has turned Bob into a patient and ________ (tolerate) person. 6.I was the first Western TV reporter permitted __________ (film) a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.  7.There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，__________ (stare) at the night sky. 8.The teacher，as well as the students，__________ (be) suffering great pressure from the stressful schedule. tolerant to film staring is 9.With the boy leading __________ way，we had no difficulty finding the village. 10.The boy managed to climb out of the car，__________ (apparent) unhurt. the apparently Ⅱ.完成句子 1.__________________ (随着时间的推移)，I gradually realize the importance of health.  2.Our teacher_______________________________________________ __________ (督促我们要更加努力学习) with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.  3.Over the last few years ___________________________ (这里的旅游业得到了发展) considerably.  With time going by urges that we (should) study harder/urges us to study harder tourism here has developed 4. ______________________________________ (那个人没有在约定的时间来)，so I waited on.  5.I failed in my attempt _______________ (说服她)，which made me upset.  The man didn’t come at the appointed time to persuade her 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子) ①吸毒已成为一个严重的问题，它影响家人并危及整个社会。 ______________ has become a very serious problem，and it________ __________ and also _________________________.  ②众所周知，毒品对健康危害很大，可能会造成吸毒者死亡。 As is known to all，drugs do very great harm to health，and________ _____________________________.  Taking drugs affects the family endangers the whole society they are likely to cause drug addicts to die ③一旦吸毒上瘾，很难戒掉。 Once a person _________________，it will be hard __________.  ④许多违法行为与吸毒直接相关。 Many crimes are directly _____________________.  ⑤为远离毒品，我们应该教育年轻人意识到毒品太有害了。 _____________________________，young people should be educated to realize that drugs are too harmful.  is addicted to drugs to give up related to taking drugs In order to keep away from drugs Step 2　表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级) ①用非限制性定语从句升级句① Taking drugs has become a very serious problem，which affects the family and also endangers the whole society.  ②用“否定词+比较级”升级句⑤ In order to keep away from drugs，young people should be educated to realize that drugs can’t be more harmful.  __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 3　衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) 　　Taking drugs has become a very serious problem，which affects the family and also endangers the whole society.As is known to all，drugs do very great harm to health，and they are likely to cause drug addicts to die.Once a person is addicted to drugs，it will be hard to give up.Meanwhile，many crimes are directly related to taking drugs. Therefore，in order to keep away from drugs，young people should be educated to realize that drugs can’t be more harmful.  ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 读后续写——素材语料积累 【动作细节描写：眼睛(二)】 单词 stare；glance；glare；scan 词块 eyes are wide with horror吓得瞪大眼睛；squeeze one’s eyes shut紧紧闭上眼睛；look straight into one’s eyes直视某人的眼睛；with one’s eyes fixed on sth. 眼睛盯着某物；one’s eyes fall on...目光落在……；make eye contact眼神交流；one’s eyes shine/sparkle/glisten with...眼里闪着……的光芒；narrow one’s eyes 眯起眼睛 句型 She avoids any eye contact and quickly looks away when someone approaches. 她避免任何眼神交流，当有人靠近时，她会迅速移开视线。 We stared at each other for a while，speechless. 我们面面相觑了一会儿，无言以对。 At the bloody scene，she was so frightened that she squeezed her eyes shut. 看到那血腥的一幕，她吓坏了，紧紧地闭上了眼睛。 So absorbed was Jane that she fixed her eyes on the screen，lost in deep thought. 简全神贯注，目不转睛地盯着屏幕，陷入沉思。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A 　　(2024 ·重庆外国语学校模拟)Jennifer Keelan was a young girl who had dreams of one day attending college and living a satisfactory life.At age 2，Jennifer was diagnosed with cerebral palsy (脑瘫)，leaving her using a wheelchair.Jennifer was a bright and courageous girl，but when she attempted to attend school with her friends，she was sent to separate classes for students with disabilities，regardless of talent. She found herself unable to attend some school activities，use transit systems and access government buildings.Jennifer accepted the limitations of her physical life，but not the limitations of the physical world around her. 　　Jennifer became active in campaigning for the Americans with Disabilities Act.She engaged in peaceful protests and，at age 7，was arrested in Montreal，a moment in history that shocked North America. 　　At age 8，Jennifer traveled to Washington，D.C.The shy，yet determined little girl caught the attention of the country when she climbed up the Capitol steps.It worked.Jennifer met with Congress，and President George H.W.Bush signed the Americans with Disabilities Act into law. 　　Jennifer remains an activist today，making sure all people with disabilities are treated fairly and have equal access to public places，schools and businesses.The only barriers that remain are those of views. 　　Jennifer wants all of us to know that physical disabilities are not a barrier to friendship，career opportunities or love.She graduated from Arizona State University with a degree in family and human development.She is now still sharing the message of inclusivity (包容性).For her，like all of us，making a difference begins one step at a time，no matter how hard it is.She remains a lifelong activist for the disability rights movement. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer因为患病无法和朋友们一起学习，于是参与了和平抗议活动，为残疾人的权利努力和奋斗。 1.What prevented Jennifer studying with her friends?(　　) A.Her serious illness. B.Her low intelligence. C.Her born language barrier. D.Her poor learning ability. 1 2 3 4 A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“At age 2，Jennifer was diagnosed with cerebral palsy...with disabilities，regardless of talent.”可知，重病阻碍了Jennifer和她的朋友们一起学习。故选A。 2.What made North America amazed about Jennifer?(　　) A.Her helping the disabled. B.Her being sent to prison. C.Her entering the Capitol alone. D.Her being elected as president. 1 2 3 4 B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Jennifer在蒙特利尔被捕让北美对Jennifer感到惊讶。故选B。 3.What happened due to Jennifer’s efforts?(　　) A.The law of the United State changed a lot. B.Bush met the representatives of the disabled. C.Arizona State University accepted the disabled. D.The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed. 1 2 3 4 D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Jennifer met with Congress...signed the Americans with Disabilities Act into law.”可知，由于Jennifer的努力，乔治·H·W·布什总统签署了《美国残疾人法案》。故选D。 4.What is the best title for this text?(　　) A.A Girl Manages to Enter the Congress B.A Girl Makes a Difference to the Country C.A Girl Succeeds in Attending the College D.A Girl Struggles for the Rights of the Disabled 1 2 3 4 D 解析：标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了Jennifer因为患病无法和朋友们一起学习，于是参与了和平抗议活动，为残疾人的权利努力和奋斗。故D选项“一个女孩为残疾人的权利而奋斗”最适合作为文章标题。故选D。 B 　　(2024·湖北武汉5月模拟训练)Late last year，in the days before the Slovakian parliamentary elections，two audio clips featuring a well-known journalist and a key candidate circulated on social networks.However，they were absolutely fake (假的).The International Press Institute has called this episode in Slovakia the first time that AI deepfakes—fake audio clips，images，or videos generated by artificial intelligence—have influenced a national election greatly. 　　Security experts consider misinformation the biggest global risk recently—more dangerous than war，and extreme weather events.A constant stream of people is wrestling with this issue.Now even economists are working to figure out how to fight misinformation. 　　 Economist JohnA.List，and others conducted a real-world experiment to see whether simple，low-cost nudges，or interventions，can be effective.Instead of focusing on the supply side of misinformation like social media platforms，they paid attention to the demand side：increasing the capacity to identify the fake information. 　　The economists split participants randomly into four different groups.One group was shown a video demonstrating a convincing journey of two people from two different social groups who，before interacting，express negative stereotypes (成见) about the other’s group，overcoming their differences and ultimately regretting over unthinkingly using stereotypes to dehumanize one another.Another group completed a personality test that shows them their cognitive traits (特点) causing prejudice，hoping to increase their self-awareness，and decrease their demand for misinformation.A third group did both while a control group did neither. 　　 The economists find the simple intervention of showing the video makes the participants over 30 percent less likely to “consider fake news reliable”.But the personality test has little effect.As for participants doing both，they are about 31 percent less likely to view true headlines as reliable.In other words，they become so skeptical that even the truth becomes suspect.As has become increasingly clear，this is a danger in the new world of deepfakes：not only do they make people believe untrue things，they also may make people so disoriented that they don’t believe true things. 　　List and his colleagues are far from the first scholars to fight misinformation by helping people to think more critically.The University of Cambridge psychologist Sander van der Linden also advocates similar ways to help reject misinformation in the world. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍人工智能深度伪造影响国家级选举的事件，进一步讨论了虚假消息的危害，并希望人们多进行批判性思考。 5.What does the author intend to do in the first two paragraphs?(　　) A.Highlight the risk of AI deepfakes. B.Discuss the global threat landscape. C.Describe the outcome of Slovakian elections. D.Introduce the concept of misinformation. 5 6 7 8 A 解析：推理判断题。 根据第一段的“The International Press Institute has called...have influenced a national election greatly.”及第二段的“Security experts consider misinformation the biggest global risk recently—more dangerous than war and extreme weather events.”可知，人工智能深度伪造严重影响了国家选举，安全专家认为虚假消息最近成为全球最大风险。故选A项“强调人工智能深度伪造的风险”。 5 6 7 8 6.What is “an effective nudge” in List’s new study?(　　) A.The cognitive trait. B.The short video. C.The personality test. D.The negative stereotype. 5 6 7 8 B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“to see...can be effective”和第四段的“The economists...a video” “Another group completed a personality test” “A third group did both while a control group did neither.”以及第五段中的“The economists find...even the truth becomes suspect.”可知，在经济学家的新研究中，“an effective nudge”指的是短视频，故选B项。 7.What conclusion can be drawn from the study?(　　) A.Videos reduce misinformation. B.Deepfakes may discredit the truth. C.Misinformation causes dehumanization. D.Personality tests sharpen thinking skills. 5 6 7 8 B 解析：推理判断题。 根据第五段的最后一句可知，越来越明显的是，深度伪造会产生一种危险：它们不仅会让人们相信不实事情，还会让人们迷失方向，以至于不相信真实的事情。故选B项。 77 8.What might be the best title for the text?(　　) A.Battling with Fake News B.Deepfakes in Elections C.The Spread of Misinformation D.Improving the Thinking Capacity 5 6 7 8 A 解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段的“A constant stream of people is wrestling with this issue...to fight misinformation.”和最后一段的内容可知，不断有人参与到与虚假消息的斗争中，学者和心理学家也倡导通过帮助人们更批判性地思考来拒绝虚假消息。故选A项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。虽然这是一个打字的时代，但手写仍然很重要。本文就用计算机打字的危害及许多国家的政府为应对这一情况所采取的措施进行了说明。 79 　　(2024·河南适应性测试)Although it’s an age of typing，handwriting still matters.Today the danger of the technology which computers and the typing people are using on writing is becoming extremely enormous.1(　　).  A.And a heated debate is going about it B.They would no longer need to complain C.Writing on paper can improve everything D.But so many are fond of typing in their jobs E.College students message instead of listening to lectures F.This aids conceptual understanding at the moment of writing G.The government pushes for more handwriting and fewer devices 1.答案：A 解析：空前讲电脑打字的危害巨大；第二段讲很多学校要求带电脑上课做笔记；第三段讲课堂上电脑打字的危害；第四段讲各国政府为避免这种情况采取的措施。观点看法存在矛盾。由此可推知，此空应引出下文的主题“人们对此激烈讨论”。故选A项。 As primary school pupils and college students return for a new school year in the North America，many will place a greater-than-ever reliance on computers to take notes and write papers.Children are not just encouraged but required to bring laptops to class，with which some parents are disappointed.2(　　)，and their professors complain of this serious distraction (分心的事物) in classrooms.  A.And a heated debate is going about it B.They would no longer need to complain C.Writing on paper can improve everything D.But so many are fond of typing in their jobs E.College students message instead of listening to lectures F.This aids conceptual understanding at the moment of writing G.The government pushes for more handwriting and fewer devices 2.答案：E 解析：空后讲教授对课堂上学生分心的抱怨，故此空应讲其原因。E项“大学生在发信息而不是在听讲座”符合逻辑。 3(　　)，from recalling a random series of words to better grasping the concept of complicated ideas.In a study from 2014，students typing wrote down almost twice as many words and more passages verbatim (一字不差地) from lectures，suggesting they were not understanding so much as rapidly copying the material.Handwriting，which takes longer for nearly all university-level students，forces note-takers to integrate ideas into their own words.4(　　).Those taking notes by hand also perform better on tests when they are later able to study from their notes.  A.And a heated debate is going about it B.They would no longer need to complain C.Writing on paper can improve everything D.But so many are fond of typing in their jobs E.College students message instead of listening to lectures F.This aids conceptual understanding at the moment of writing G.The government pushes for more handwriting and fewer devices 3.答案：C 解析：空后提到“从回忆一组随机的单词到更好地理解掌握复杂概念”，再根据下文中对打字和手写的对比描述可知，本段介绍的是手写的好处。故C项“在纸上书写能够改善一切事情”符合语境。 4.答案：F 解析：空前讲手写记笔记虽耗时，但能迫使做笔记的人融入自己的话；空后讲手写记笔记的人考试时成绩更优秀。故此空应讲“融入自己的话”带来的帮助和“成绩更优秀”的原因。F项“手写时有助于概念的理解”符合逻辑。 Many studies have confirmed handwriting’s benefits，and many countries have taken action.About half American states have mandated (强制执行) more teaching of handwriting since 2010.In Sweden there is a similar campaign.5(　　).England’s national subjects already include teaching basic knowledge of handwriting by age seven.However，several school systems in America have gone so far as to ban most laptops.This is too extreme.  A.And a heated debate is going about it B.They would no longer need to complain C.Writing on paper can improve everything D.But so many are fond of typing in their jobs E.College students message instead of listening to lectures F.This aids conceptual understanding at the moment of writing G.The government pushes for more handwriting and fewer devices 5.答案：G 解析：空前讲美国一半的州强制要求手写，瑞典政府也发起了类似的运动；空后讲英国政府也开启了手写项目。故此空仍应涉及政府层面对手写的要求。G项“该政府鼓励多手写，少用电子设备”符合逻辑。另外，G项中的The government就是指空前句子中的Sweden。故选G项。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 　　(2025·重庆质量调研抽测一)With their remarkable spirituality and materiality，ancient books play a 1 __________ (vital) important role in bearing the memories and wisdom of the Chinese nation. Indeed，they have helped to safeguard and extend the Chinese civilization，which boasts 2 __________ unique length，breadth and depth. vitally a 　　The Song and Yuan dynasties saw a peak in the 3 __________ (grow) of Chinese culture，which involved a golden age of ancient books.In this period，papermaking technology matured，ink manufacturing entered a stage of transformation 4 ________ printing technology reached perfection.Books of the time mainly 5 __________ (make) of paper，with various binding (装订) formats，including scroll binding，butterfly binding and wrapped-back binding 6_______ ____________(handwrite)，block-printed，or rubbed from steles (石碑).They showed beauty in fonts，typography，and binding， 7 __________ made ancient books objects of desire for collectors of all time.  growth and made were handwritten which 　　The Shanghai Museum 8 __________ (list) in the first group both of the Nationally Key Institutions and of the Municipally Key Institutions for Safeguarding Ancient Books has attached great importance 9 __________ the editing，research，preservation，and display of ancient books.10 ____________ (conduct) the governmental Opinions on Promoting the Work of Ancient Books in the New Era and to respond to the concern of the public，a large number of masterpieces have been selected in this exhibition for our visitors.  listed to To conduct 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.1：transit n.运输；交通运输系统 v.经过；穿过 Para.2：campaign v.参加运动，领导运动 Para.3：determined adj.坚定的；坚决的 Para.4：disability n.残疾 派生词汇 Para.1：courageous adj.勇敢的；无畏的→courage n.勇气 核心短语 Para.1：be diagnosed with被诊断为 Para.3：sign...into law签署……使之成为法律 Para.4：have access to使用；接近；可以利用 B 篇 核心单词 Para.1：candidate n.(竞选或求职的)候选人，申请人 generate v.产生，引起 Para.3：intervention n.干预，介入effective adj.产生预期结果的；有效的 identify v.确认；认出；鉴定 Para.4：interact v.交流；沟通；合作 Para.5：skeptical adj.怀疑的 Para.6：advocate v.拥护；支持；提倡 reject v.拒绝接受；不予考虑 派生词汇 Para.4：participant n.参与者；参加者→participate v.参加；参与→participation n.参加；参与 unthinkingly adv.不考虑后果地→unthinking adj.不计后果的；考虑不周的；不动脑筋的→think v.认为；思考 Para.5：reliable adj.可信赖的；可依靠的→rely v.依赖；依靠→unreliable adj.不可靠的 核心短语 Para.2：wrestle with...努力处理；全力解决；奋力对付 Para.3：focus on...专注于…… Para.5：in other words换句话说 写作规范练(五) Ⅰ.应用文写作——邀请信(满分15分) 　　 (2024·江苏苏州期中调研)假定你是李华，下个月你校将要举办以“体育与健康”为主题的校园体育节。请你写一封邮件给交换生Peter，邀请他参加体育节，内容包括： 　　1.活动的时间和地点； 　　2.活动的内容和意义。 　　注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 Dear Peter， ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua 　　Given your keen interest in sports，I’m writing to invite you to participate in our annual Sports Festival scheduled to be held on December 1st in our school stadium，which you shouldn’t miss. 　　The coming festival，with the theme of Sports and Health，will consist of various activities，ranging from the tug-of-war to Chinese martial arts.Subsequently，a relevant lecture concerning a healthy lifestyle will be arranged.Undoubtedly，it will serve as a platform to demonstrate our talent and stimulate our enthusiasm for sports. 　　Based on the above，it’s bound to be a rewarding experience. Looking forward to your prompt reply to confirm your participation. Ⅱ.读后续写——个人成长(满分25分) 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　(2024·福建福州高三适应性练习)Mrs.Flippen’s class sat listening to a talk being given by a local author. Tucker sat absent-minded in one of the library chairs. Most of the students wanted to hear about the writer’s work. Tucker did not. “Why bother?” Tucker thought to himself. He always received low marks on his writing assignments，no matter how hard he worked on them. He could never think of anything interesting to write about. “Does anyone have any questions?” Mrs.Flippen asked her class. Tucker raised his hand，“How do you know what to write about?” “Well，sometimes I don’t，” the author replied. “It takes a lot of hard work to come up with ideas.” She reached down and pulled a worn-looking book from a cloth bag on the floor. “I find making a scrapbook (剪贴簿) helps.” Tucker sat up a little straighter in his seat. “What’s in the book?” he asked. “I fill it with pictures，stories，and notes about things that interest me.” The writer opened the scrapbook on her knee. “When I need an idea，I look through the book instead of staring at a blank page.” Tucker thought about the author’s scrapbook as he walked home. He thought about staring at a blank page each time he tried to write a story. Digging in his bookcase，Tucker found an old binder (活页夹). He filled the binder with notepaper from his desk. After supper， Tucker cut some pictures out of the newspaper. Then he drew some pictures of his own. He cut and pasted (粘贴) stories from his old magazines. Then he looked up the words he did not know and wrote down their meanings. In the days and weeks that followed，Tucker collected more ideas. He found that the more he collected，the easier it became to find things to collect. Tucker’s book of ideas grew fatter and fatter. 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 One morning，Mrs.Flippen told the class about a story writing competition.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tucker wanted to win and he tried to make a good story. That night，Tucker looked through his scrapbook instead of staring at a blank page. At first，nothing happened. Slowly，he began to fit pieces together like a puzzle. He picked a setting for his story from a picture. He used the name from an article for his character. Tucker’s story started to grow. He worked on it every night until it came time to hand in the story.  Then came the day when the headmaster announced the result. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ However，the headmaster didn’t call out Tucker’s name. His story did not win. “Why did I try?” he thought to himself and sank into his chair，at a loss. “I know you are disappointed，Tucker，”Mrs. Flippen said. “I want you to know I really like your story. It might not be the best in the class this time，but it has been your best work so far.” After hearing Mrs.Flippen’s words，Tucker smiled at her and went to congratulate his classmates. $$