话题18 对社会有突出贡献的人物-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境二　人与社会 主题(三)　历史、社会与文化 话题18　对社会有突出贡献的人物 1 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 巩固提升 2 高考真题精研 Passage 1　阅读理解(2023·全国乙卷·A) PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.Born to a Jewish family in Florence，she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor，she was banned from medicine.  Tan Yunxian (1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents.Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors.However，Tan passed the official exam.Tan treated women from all walks of life.In 1511，Tan wrote a book，Sayings of a Female Doctor，describing her life as a physician. James Barry (c.1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but，dressed as a man，she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.She qualified as a surgeon in 1813，then joined the British Army，serving overseas.Barry retired in 1859，having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. 　　Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.Four years later，she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.She moved to Virginia in 1865，where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位女医生。 21.What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A.Doing teaching jobs. B.Being hired as physicians. C.Performing surgery. D.Being banned from medicine. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据Jacqueline Felice de Almania中的“she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery”和James Barry中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”可知，这两个人的共同之处就是她们都做手术。故选C。 21 22 23 22.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners? A.She wrote a book. B.She went through trials. C.She worked as a dentist. D.She had formal education. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian部分的介绍可知，谈允贤从小跟着爷爷奶奶学医，并通过了官方的考试，一生中为各行各业的女性诊疗。她还写了一本名为《女医杂言》的书，记录了自己的女医生涯。其他三个医生的介绍中并未提到写书。故选A。 21 22 23 23.Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B.Tan Yunxian. C.James Barry. D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler中的“she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一个获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。 21 22 23 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ v.突出；强调 n.最好(或最精彩、最激动人心)的部分 2. __________ n.怀疑 3. __________ n.医生 4. __________ n.外科手术；外科学；诊室 5. __________ n.法院；法庭；(网球等的)球场 6.describe vt.描述，描写→__________ n.描述，描写 7.qualify vi.& vt.(使)有资格，有权利；取得资格，达到标准→__________ adj.符合资格的→_____________ n.资格；资历 highlight suspicion physician surgery court description qualified qualification (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 1.Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.(practice基本义：v.& n.练习) _________________________________________ 2.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.(try基本义：v.尝试) _____________ 3.In spite of the court hearing testimonials of her ability as a doctor，she was banned from medicine.(hear基本义：v.听到) __________ v.从事(职业)；(医务工作、法律专业等)执业 v.审判，审理 v.审理 4.Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships with doctors.(serve基本义：v.服务) _____________ 5.Tan treated women from all walks of life.(treat基本义：v.对待) __________ v.担任；度过 v.治疗 14 (三)词块积累 1.be banned from medicine _____________ 2.from all walks of life ________________ 3.be dressed as a man _____________ 4.qualify as a surgeon ______________________ 5.in spite of __________ 被禁止从医 来自社会各界 打扮成男士 具备外科医生的资格 尽管 15 ①She’s been banned from __________ (leave) Greece while the allegations are investigated. ②The president supports a total ban _________ cigarette advertising. ③(普通表达)We are not permitted to drive after drinking alcohol. (高级表达)We _______________________ after drinking alcohol.  1 ban vt.禁止，取缔n.禁令，禁止 (四)词汇精研 leaving on are banned from driving 16 •ban sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事 •announce a ban on...宣布对……的禁令 put a ban on...宣布禁止…… 17 ◎写作素材 impose a ban颁布一项禁令 lift a ban解除一项禁令 be banned from the meeting被禁止出席会议 18 ①As far as I’m concerned，he has the right _____________ (qualify) for the position. ②Passing the test qualifies you __________ (drive) heavy vehicles.  ③He’s been informed that he doesn’t qualify _______ the scholarship. ④这个培训课程将使你有资格获得一份更好的工作。 This training course will ____________________________.  2 qualify vi.& vt.(使)有资格，有权利；取得资格，达到标准 qualification to drive for qualify you for a better job 19 •qualify sb.to do sth.使某人有资格做某事 qualify (sb.) for (使某人)有……资格 •qualified adj.有资格的，合格的 be qualified for 有……资格，胜任…… •qualification n.限定条件；资格；学历 ◎写作素材 automatically qualify you for membership使你自动成为会员 qualified as a doctor last year去年获得了当医生的资格 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. [结构分析]　that women practicing medicine faced是定语从句，修饰the suspicion；practicing medicine是现在分词短语作 women的定语。 [尝试翻译]　________________________________________________ ______________________ 杰奎琳·菲利斯·阿尔曼尼亚(约1322年)强调了行医女性所面临的怀疑。 22 Passage 2　阅读理解(2018·浙江卷·A) 　　In 1812，the year Charles Dickens was born，there were 66 novels published in Britain.People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages； the literacy (识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors，often with something like “By a lady.” Novels，for the most part，were looked upon as silly，immoral or just plain bad. 23 In 1870，when Dickens died，the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher，famous and beloved，who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.  24 　　How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories，literature is a numbers game，and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.Some 60，000 novels were published during the Victorian age，from 1837 to 1901； today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them.It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social，political and scientific progress.But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition，energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches，it is possible—and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.  25 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国著名作家Charles Dickens的伟大成就及其作品是如何奠定他在英国文学中的地位的。 21.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century? A.They were difficult to understand. B.They were popular among the rich. C.They were seen as nearly worthless. D.They were written mostly by women. 答案：C 21 22 23 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Novels，for the most part，were looked upon as silly，immoral or just plain bad.”可知，那时印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，很多作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的、有悖道德的或糟糕透顶的。故选C项。 21 22 23 22.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress ________.  A.his reputation in France B.his interest in modern art C.his success in publication D.his importance in literature 答案：D 21 22 23 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Removing him from the pantheon of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.”可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉一样，可见Charles Dickens在英国文学史上的重要性，由此可推知，D项正确。 21 22 23 23.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A.To remember a great writer. B.To introduce an English novel. C.To encourage studies on culture. D.To promote values of the Victorian age. 答案：A 解析：写作意图题。根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的介绍和文章最后一句可知，本文写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知，作者写本文是为了纪念Charles Dickens这位伟大的作家。 21 22 23 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ v.混合；融合 n.混合；结合 2. __________ n.小说；虚构的事 3. ______________ adj.杰出的；卓越的 4. ____________ n.周年纪念(日) 5. __________ n.含义，意义；意识；感觉官能 v.检测；感觉到，觉察到 mix fiction distinguished anniversary sense 6. __________ vt.去除；去掉；移开；脱去 7.moral adj.道德的→__________ adj.非道德的 8.publish v.出版→__________ n.出版→__________ n.出版商 9.politics n.政治→__________ adj.政治的→__________ n.政客；政治家；从政者 10.science n.科学→__________ n.科学家→__________ adj.科学(上)的→_____________ adv.科学(上)地 remove immoral publication publisher political politician scientist scientific scientifically (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 1.Novels，for the most part，were looked upon as silly，immoral or just plain bad.(plain基本义：n.平原adj.简单的；朴素的) ____________________ 2.In 1870，when Dickens died，the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher，famous and beloved，who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones.(explosion基本义：n.爆炸) _________ adv.完全地；简直 n.骤增 34 (三)词块积累 1.ride a wave of __________________________ 2.for the most part ________________ 3.be looked upon as silly ______________ 4.be held up as moral touchstones ______________________ 借助于……；受益于…… 大部分；多半 被视为愚蠢 被视为道德的试金石 35 ①I can’t make sense __________ this poem，but perhaps I will，if I read it again. ②There is no sense in __________ (buy) expensive clothes for children，as they soon grow out of them. ③In __________ sense，students today respond badly to traditional methods of teaching. ④从某种意义上说，《青年杂志》是一位帮助我提高英语水平的好老师。 __________，Youth is a good teacher that helps me to improve my English.  1 sense n.含义，意义；意识；感觉官能v.检测；感觉到，觉察到 (四)词汇精研 of buying a In a sense 36 make sense 有意义；解释得通 make sense of...弄懂……的意思 make no sense无意义 in a sense在某种意义上 in no sense决不；绝非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装) There’s no sense in doing sth.做某事是没有道理/作用的。 37 ◎写作素材 make sense of these marks on paper弄清纸上的这些符号的意义 make no sense of what he did弄不懂他做了些什么 38 ①He is famous for mixing Chinese musical traditions __________ western forms and instruments. ②He looked at her with a ________ (mix) of amusement and happiness. ③I must admit that I have __________ (mix) feelings about my new deskmate. ④我认为保持年轻的秘诀就是与年轻人交往。 I think the secret to staying young is _____________ younger people.  2 mix v.使混合；使结合；相融合 with/and mixture mixed to mix with 39 •mix...with/and...把……和……混合 mix with sb.与某人交往 mix up 混合，掺和；混淆 •mixed adj.混合的 mixture n.混合物 ◎写作素材 get mixed up in a fight with another player 卷进了与另一位球员的斗殴 a mixture of Chinese tradition with western style 中国传统与西方风格的融合 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 1.In 1870，when Dickens died，the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher，famous and beloved，who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones. 42 [结构分析]　本句是一个复合句。when引导时间状语从句，the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher是主句，who和whose分别引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词first professional writer and publisher。 [尝试翻译]　 ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1870年，狄更斯去世，全世界都沉痛悼念这个世界上第一位职业作家和出版商，他声名远扬而且受人爱戴，他使小说的出版数量和读者人数急剧增加，他小说中的主人公——从奥利弗· 特维斯特到小蒂姆——被视为道德的试金石。 43 2.It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social，political and scientific progress. [结构分析]　前一个句子中的that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life是主语从句；it’s partly that意为“部分原因是……”，that引导表语从句。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 狄更斯的写作风格吸引了来自各行各业的读者，这在一定程度上来说是正确的；部分原因是他的著作顺应了社会、政治和科学进步的浪潮。 44 3.No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition，energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches，it is possible—and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one. [结构分析]　what mix of talent，ambition，energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer是what引导的宾语从句，what修饰名词mix。要注意as引导的是时间状语从句； and important for our own culture是插入语，it是形式主语。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 没有人会知道是什么样的天赋、抱负、精力和运气的结合才使狄更斯成为如此杰出的作家的。但是在狄更斯200周年诞辰到来之际，去弄明白他是怎么样使自己成为永恒的杰出作家的，对我们自己的文化来说是有可能的，也是很重要的。 Passage 3　语法填空(2019·全国Ⅱ卷) 　　 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。 文章介绍了一位90岁的英国女性仍然坚持每周工作40个小时而获得“年度女性奖”的事迹。 　　A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61.____________(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 a.m.to 5 p.m.daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，62.____________ she opened with her late husband Les.Her years of hard work have 63.____________(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.  61.答案：being 解析：考查非谓语动词。介词for后跟动词时，要用其动名词形式。 62.答案：which 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。 63.答案：finally 解析：考查词性转换。副词修饰动词acknowledge。 Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene 64.____________(declare) she had no plans 65.____________(retire) from her 36-year-old business.Irene said，“I don’t see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66.____________(make) over the years.I work not because I have to，67.____________ because I want to.”  64.答案：declared 解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，主句中缺少谓语动词；结合后面的had可知，此处应使用一般过去时。 65.答案：to retire 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式短语作plans的后置定语，表示“她没有退休的计划”。 66.答案：have made 解析：考查动词的时态。根据空格后的时间状语over the years可知，句子要用现在完成时。 67.答案：but 解析：考查连词。not...but...不是……而是……。句意：我工作不是因为我必须工作，而是因为我想工作。 Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.She said，“We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward.When we got a call 68.____________(say) she was short-listed，we thought it was 69.____________ joke.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.It’s 70.____________(wonder).”  68.答案：saying 解析：考查非谓语动词。say与前面的a call之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填saying，现在分词短语saying...作后置定语，修饰a call。 69.答案：a 解析：考查冠词。joke“笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后用了单数joke，且joke的发音以辅音音素开头，故其前用a。 70.答案：wonderful 解析：考查词性转换。连系动词is后面跟形容词作表语，故填wonderful。 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ n.雇员 2. ____________ vt.承认；确认；对……表示答谢 3. __________ adj.官方的；正式的 4.wonder n.奇迹；惊奇→__________ adj.极好的；精彩的 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 employee acknowledge official wonderful (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) 　But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.(be blown away基本义：被吹走)__________ 大为惊讶 ①The children looked at the fireworks __________ wonder. ②Camping is a good way to spend time with your kids to show them how __________ (wonder) nature is. ③_____ is no wonder you’re tired； you’ve been walking for hours. ④我想知道你是否可以告诉我更多关于这次活动的情况。 I ______________ if you could tell me more about this activity.  1 wonder n.奇迹，奇观，惊奇v.想知道，感到诧异，非常惊讶 (三)词汇精研 in wonderful It am wondering 57 •It’s no wonder (that)...……不足为奇，难怪 It’s a wonder (that)...令人惊讶的是…… in wonder 惊奇地 work/do wonders 创造奇迹 •wonder at 对……感到惊讶 wonder if/whether/how/wh-从句 想知道…… •wonderful adj.奇妙的，精彩的 58 ◎写作素材 the wonders of modern technology 现代技术的奇迹 wonder about the best place for a holiday 考虑最佳的度假地 59 ①Generally ______________ (acknowledge) as the finest poet in the country，he still lives a low-profile life. ②Professor Hawking is acknowledged __________ one of the world’s greatest physicists. ③He acknowledged ______________ (defeat) publicly by his friend in the game，which made us surprised.  ④人们普遍认为语言学习容易受到情感因素的影响。 ____________________________ language learning is easily influenced by affective factors.  2 acknowledge vt.承认；确认；对……表示答谢 acknowledged as being defeated It is widely acknowledged that 60 •acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as...认为某人/某物是……；承认某人/某物是…… acknowledge doing/having done sth.承认做了某事 It is universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公认的。 •acknowledgement n.(对事实、现实、存在的)承认；感谢 in acknowledgement of为感谢…… ◎写作素材 acknowledge his letter表示他的信已收到 acknowledge the applause with a small bow微微地鞠了一躬表示对掌声的感谢 acknowledge my debt to my teachers向我的老师表达我的感激之情 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. [结构分析]　本句是一个复合句。who works alongside her in the family business为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词granddaughter Gayle Parks，said后是省略了that的宾语从句，who nominated Irene for the award作as to的宾语。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 31岁的孙女盖尔·帕克斯与艾琳一起在自己家的(宠物)店里工作。她说，至于谁提名艾琳获奖，目前尚不得而知。 63 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(教材原句，人教选必二U2)Despite his poor living conditions，he remained actively engaged in his __________ (science) research. 2.It doesn’t matter how well __________ (qualify) you are；if your face doesn’t fit，you don’t stand a chance. 3.He was widely acknowledged __________ (be) the best lawyer in the neighbourhood.  4.The beauty of the scenery there was beyond __________ (describe). scientific qualified to be description 5.Only those who have __________ sense of responsibility can hold such an important position. 6.We needn’t _____________ (buy) so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.  7.With __________ (mix) feelings in mind，she didn’t know what to do next. 8.Even in his late years of life，the old man is still doing __________ (science) research. 9.Several houses have been burned __________ the ground when the blaze is put out. 10.The high official was forced to resign because of his __________ (moral) conduct. a have bought mixed scientific to immoral Ⅱ.完成句子 1. ________________________________________________________ (抱怨是没有意义的) and we should take action now.  2.With no solid evidence，he refused to_________________________ __________ (承认偷窃) the lady’s purse.  3.We must carry on till success________________________________ ____________ (不管各种挑战和困难).  4.He told me all pieces of the news，but________________________ __________ (没有消息令人感到激动).  5.She reasoned that she ______________________________ (肯定把包落在火车上了).  It doesn’t make sense to complain/There is no sense in complaining acknowledge stealing/having stolen in spite of various challenges and difficulties none of them was very exciting must have left her bag on the train Ⅲ.语法填空 　　(教材改编，人教选必一U1)Lu Xun，1.____________ (acknowledge) as one of the greatest modern writers in China，was born in Shaoxing，Zhejiang Province in 1881.In 1904，he went to Japan and became a medical student，with the objective of 2.____________ (improve) people’s health and saving lives.However，he changed his mind when he saw in a photo a Chinese man about to 3.____________ (kill) by a Japanese soldier.It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo 4.____________ (apparent) did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.From this，he 5.____________ (conclude) that the crucial problem in China was not physical illness，but the spiritual illness of people at that time. Following this，he quit medical school.When he returned to China in 1908，he 6.____________ (obtain) a teaching job.Later，a friend insisted that he 7.____________ (help) write for a magazine called New Youth.That was how his first famous short story A Madman’s Diary got 8.____________ (publish) in 1918.  1.答案：acknowledged 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作后置定语。动词acknowledge与主语 Lu Xun之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词acknowledged。 2.答案：improving 解析：空处作介词of的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填improving. 3.答案：be killed 解析：be about to do sth.表示“即将做某事”。根据语境和空后的 by可知，man与动词kill之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填be killed。 4.答案：apparently 解析：空处修饰谓语did not care，应用副词形式，故填apparently。 5.答案：concluded 解析：根据上下文的内容可知，此处仍是叙述过去的事，应用一般过去时，故填concluded。 6.答案：obtained 解析：根据时间状语in 1908可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填 obtained。 7.答案：(should) help 解析：此处的insisted 表示“坚决要求，坚持主张”，其后that引导的宾语从句应用虚拟结构(should+)动词原形。故填(should) help。 8.答案：published 解析：how引导表语从句，空处在从句中作谓语，A Madman’s Diary与动词publish之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填 published。 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子) ①亚历山大·弗莱明出生在苏格兰并由母亲和哥哥抚养长大。 Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland and _______________ by his mother and his elder brother.  ②在他们的支持下，他在伦敦的一个医学院校接受教育。 __________________，he ______________ in a medical school in London.  was brought up With their support got educated ③1906年他作为优秀生从该校毕业。 In 1906，he _________________________ as a top student.  ④他对医学做出了巨大贡献，但是发现青霉素使他获得了终生的荣誉。 He made great contributions to medical science，but it was his discovery of penicillin that ___________________________.  graduated from this school made him earn lifelong honor ⑤因为这个成就他闻名于世，并因此获得了诺贝尔奖。 He _______________________________，and for it he received a Nobel Prize.  ⑥显然，弗莱明是历史上杰出的科学家之一。 ______________ Fleming is one of the brilliant scientists in history.  was known for this achievement It is clear that Step 2　表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级) ①用分词作状语升级句① Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland，brought up by his mother and his elder brother.  ②用“介词+which”非限制性定语从句升级句⑤ He was known for this achievement，for which he received a Nobel Prize.  __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 3　衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) 　　Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland，brought up by his mother and his elder brother.With their support，he got educated in a medical school in London.In 1906，he graduated from this school as a top student.After that he made great contributions to medical science，but it was his discovery of penicillin that made him earn lifelong honor.He was known for this achievement，for which he received a Nobel Prize.  　　It is clear that Fleming is one of the brilliant scientists in history.  ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 读后续写——素材语料积累 【动作细节描写：头部】 单词 nod；shake；scratch；pat；turn/twist；bow 词块 raise one’s head仰头； hold one’s head high高昂着头； throw one’s head back头往后仰； drop/lower/bow/hang one’s head低头； stick/poke one’s head伸/探头； shake one’s head摇头；turn one’s head转头； scratch one’s head挠头； put/hold/bury one’s head in one’s hands双手抱头； rest one’s head on/against把头靠在……上面； with a nod点头； head for/towards朝……走去 句型 Feeling ashamed，the boy lowered his head awkwardly. 男孩感到羞愧，尴尬地低下了头。 They nodded their heads in agreement. 他们点头同意。 Feeling embarrassed，he scratched his head，not knowing what to do next. 他感到尴尬，挠了挠头，不知道下一步该怎么办。 He stuck his head out around the door to see what was happening outside. 他把头伸到门外看看外面发生了什么事。 He twisted his head slightly and looked at her. 他微微转过头，抬眼看着她。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A 　　(2024·山东济南质检)A rising star from Virginia has secured the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist” for his groundbreaking creation—a bar of soap designed to battle against skin cancer.At just 14 years old，Heman Bekele emerged as the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge，standing out among the ten finalists with his innovative creation known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS). 　　Bekele’s brilliant concept centers on the development of a soap that is not only affordable，but also has the potential to reactivate the body’s natural defenders of the skin to stop skin cancer.In Bekele’s own words，“Curing cancer，one bar of soap at a time.” He always has endless passion for biology and technology，and the 3M Young Scientist Challenge just provided him with the perfect platform to display his ideas.Reflecting on his inspiration，Bekele shared that his childhood played a significant role in shaping his innovative thinking. Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun，he couldn’t help but wonder how many were aware of the risks associated with constant sun exposure. 　　“I wanted to make my idea not only scientifically exceptional but also accessible to a broad audience，”Bekele expressed during an interview with the media.He received invaluable guidance from Deborah Isabelle，a product engineering specialist，who connected him with other scientists to aid him in reaching his ambitious plans. 　　During his presentation，Bekele passionately expressed his vision of turning the soap into “a symbol of hope，accessibility，and a world where skin cancer treatment is within reach for all”. 　　Over the coming five years，Bekele longs to perfect his invention and establish a nonprofit organization devoted to distributing his innovative creation to more places including undeveloped communities，offering hope and a practical solution in the fight against skin cancer. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。14岁的Heman Bekele发明了一种抗皮肤癌肥皂，并凭借此发明在3M青年科学家挑战赛中脱颖而出，被评为“美国顶尖青年科学家”。 1.What made Bekele an instant hit?(　　) A.Starting a soap fashion. B.Overcoming skin cancer. C.Being the youngest scientist. D.Creating a soap against skin cancer. 1 2 3 4 D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Bekele因其开创性的发明——一块抗皮肤癌肥皂(SCTS)，在2023年3M青年科学家挑战赛中脱颖而出，被评为“美国顶尖青年科学家”。由此可知，令Bekele一夜成名的是他创造了一种抗皮肤癌肥皂。故选D项。 2.What inspired Bekele to invent the SCTS?(　　) A.His concern for others. B.His adventure in childhood. C.His enthusiasm for technology. D.His interest in medical knowledge. 1 2 3 4 A 解析：推理判断题。根据题干将答案定位至第二段的“Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun...the risks associated with constant sun exposure.”，即目睹了人们在阳光下不知疲倦地工作，他不禁想知道有多少人意识到持续暴露在阳光下的风险。由此可推知，Bekele对别人的关心激励他发明了SCTS，故选A项。 3.What will Bekele do in the near future?(　　) A.Obtain official approval. B.Visit undeveloped areas. C.Increase the availability of the soap. D.Update the facilities of production. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：细节理解题。 根据最后一段的内容可知，在接下来的五年里，Bekele渴望完善他的发明，并建立一个致力于将他的创新成果分发到包括落后社区在内的更多地方的非营利组织，为抗击皮肤癌提供希望和切实可行的解决方案。由此可知，Bekele在不久的将来会增加肥皂的供应，故C项正确。 4.Which of the following can best describe Bekele?(　　) A.Inspiring and modest. B.Humorous and positive. C.Creative and considerate. D.Curious and independent. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：推理判断题。 根据第一段中的“his groundbreaking creation” “his innovative creation”可知，Bekele创造性地发明了一种抗皮肤癌肥皂，这说明Bekele具有创造力；再根据第二段的“Having witnessed people work tirelessly...constant sun exposure.”和最后一段的“establish a nonprofit organization...fight against skin cancer”可知，Bekele为他人着想。故C项正确。 1 2 3 4 B 　　(2024·江苏南京六校联合调研)In most cases，people pick the easiest way out：the path of least resistance.Yet，it is the hard choice—the path of most resistance—that is more beneficial and provides most success in the long run.How do these paths differ? What are the dangers of an easy life? What are the rewards for a hard life? How do you start taking the path of most resistance? 　　Taking the path of least resistance means choosing the easiest available option，with little regard for its long-term consequences.For example，you eat whatever you like，whenever you like，and in whatever amount you like.It may feel nice at first but all of them have a very steep price.In that case，it’s guaranteed to cause obesity.Most people in the modern world follow this path and this is why so many people struggle with a lack of self-discipline，good habits，etc. 　The path of most resistance is about choosing the option that will lead to more personal growth，even if it means suffering in the early stages of the process.For example，it may cost you a lot to quit watching TV for hours on end.But over the long term，you’ll free up a lot of time that will lead to a more satisfying life than that of a couch potato.At first sight，this approach is unappealing.It requires effort，brings no pleasure，and leads to potential suffering.Yet，on the other side of all that lies a world of more confidence，self-discipline and mental resilience (恢复力).In the end，they more than make up for the fleeting superficial pleasure. 　　We’re lazy by nature.Some may point out that it is because of this tendency that we now enjoy so many wonders of technology that people in the past would kill to have.But ask the individuals praising laziness if they would be happy living a life where everything is given to them the moment they think about it.They would have zero hardships，no objective in life and no obstacle to overcome and no wise human would want such an existence. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。在大多数情况下，人们会选择最简单的道路：阻力最小的道路。然而，从长远来看，艰难的选择——阻力最大的道路——更有益，能带来最大的成功。 5.How does the author show the dangers of choosing the easy path? (　　) A.By giving examples. B.By listing data. C.By making a comparison. D.By asking questions. 5 6 7 8 A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For example，you eat whatever you like...it’s guaranteed to cause obesity.(例如，你想吃什么就吃什么，想什么时候吃就什么时候吃，想吃多少就吃多少。一开始你可能感觉不错，但这些都有很高的代价。在那种情况下，它肯定会导致肥胖)”可知，作者通过举例来说明选择最简单的道路的危害。故选A项。 5 6 7 8 6.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?(　　) A.Watching TV for hours. B.Having many life struggles. C.Getting superficial pleasure. D.Choosing the path of most resistance. 5 6 7 8 D 解析：代词指代题。 第三段的第一句话是本段的主题句，即阻力最大的道路与选择能促使更多个人成长的选项有关，即使这意味着在过程的早期阶段会遭受痛苦。故画线词it指的是选择阻力最大的道路。故选D项。A项“看几个小时电视”，B项“有许多生活上的挑战”，C项“获得肤浅的乐趣”。 7.Which of the following would the author agree with?(　　) A.Life is to be enjoyed，not endured. B.Set your life goals as early as possible. C.There should be some challenges in life. D.Good habits provide short-term pleasure. 5 6 7 8 C 99 解析：细节理解题。 综合全文，尤其是最后一段的“ask the individuals praising laziness...no wise human would want such an existence (问问那些称赞懒惰的人，如果让他们过一种只要一想就能得到一切的生活，他们是否高兴。他们不会遇到困难，没有生活目标，没有需要克服的障碍，没有一个聪明人想要这样的生活)”可知，作者认为生活中应该有一些挑战。故选C项。A项“生活是要享受的而不是忍受的”，B项“尽早设定你的人生目标”，D项“良好的习惯提供短期的乐趣”。 5 6 7 8 100 8.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?(　　) A.To tell us humans are lazy by nature. B.To show the common lifestyles of young people. C.To prove it’s laziness that leads to wonders. D.To persuade us to challenge ourselves. 5 6 7 8 D 解析：写作意图题。本文从一开始就告诉我们从长远来看，艰难的选择——阻力最大的道路——更有益，能带来最大的成功，然后举例说明这一观点。故D项正确。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。超级沟通者是那些能够始终如一地仅通过倾听和交谈就与他人建立真正联系的人。本文主要讲述了超级沟通者的四个习惯。 102 　　(2024·河北石家庄教学质检二)Super communicators are people who are consistently able to create real connections with others just by listening and talking.The following are four habits of super communicators. 　　They know what kind of conversation they’re having.Super communicators are usually able to respond accordingly.If you’re having a practical conversation，your friend might ask you to help make hard decisions.1(　　) If your friend is just expressing his feelings，you just need to be a good listener.  A.They aim to understand. B.Experts call them “deep questions”. C.They are persuasive communicators. D.The decisions should be easy to carry out. E.This practice sounds simple but it is powerful. F.Then you should be ready to give good advice. G.And that is actually the most magical thing that can happen. 1.答案：F 解析：上文谈到如果你正在进行实际的对话，你的朋友可能会请你帮忙作出艰难的决定。该空承接上文，继续讲到这种情况下你该怎么做。F项“那么你应该准备好给出好的建议”符合语境。 　　They prove they’re listening.There are plenty of ways to appear like you’re listening，like making eye contact or nodding.To do that，experts suggest a technique called “cycles for understanding”.Ask a question and listen to the response.Repeat what they just told you.Ask your conversation partner if you got what they said correctly.2(　　) A.They aim to understand. B.Experts call them “deep questions”. C.They are persuasive communicators. D.The decisions should be easy to carry out. E.This practice sounds simple but it is powerful. F.Then you should be ready to give good advice. G.And that is actually the most magical thing that can happen. 2.答案：E 解析：上文讲到为了做到倾听，专家建议了一个技巧，并讲述了具体的做法。此处为总结句，说明这个做法的好处。E项“这种做法听起来简单，但很有效”符合语境。 　　They ask a lot of the right questions.Research shows that highly effective communicators tend to ask 10 to 20 times as many questions as everyone else.They may simply be follow-up questions like “What happened next?” Super communicators also ask questions that get people to open up.3(　　) They ask about people’s values or experiences and create an opportunity for emotional connections.  A.They aim to understand. B.Experts call them “deep questions”. C.They are persuasive communicators. D.The decisions should be easy to carry out. E.This practice sounds simple but it is powerful. F.Then you should be ready to give good advice. G.And that is actually the most magical thing that can happen. 3.答案：B 解析：上文谈到了一种问题类型——比较简单的后续问题，例如“接下来发生了什么?”，此处指的是另一种问题，结合空前的“超级沟通者还会提出让人们敞开心扉的问题”和选项可知，B项“专家将它们称为‘深度问题’”符合语境。 　　4(　　) The goal of a discussion isn’t to impress someone，convince someone or wait for their turn to speak.It’s to genuinely comprehend someone else’s point of view and share their own views accordingly.The right response creates an atmosphere of trust and openness that both parties can benefit from.5(　　) A.They aim to understand. B.Experts call them “deep questions”. C.They are persuasive communicators. D.The decisions should be easy to carry out. E.This practice sounds simple but it is powerful. F.Then you should be ready to give good advice. G.And that is actually the most magical thing that can happen. 4.答案：A 解析：本空为超级沟通者的第四个习惯，首先根据其他段落的段首句特点可知，该句是they作主语；再根据本段内容尤其是“genuinely comprehend someone else’s point of view (真正理解别人的观点)”可知，此处指他们力求理解对方。故选A。 5.答案：G 解析：上文谈到正确的回应创造了一种信任和开放的氛围，双方都可以从中受益。G项“那实际上是可能发生的最神奇的事情”承接上文，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 　　(2024·湖南长沙新高考适应性考试)I，as a food writer，traveled to China last year.Then I fell in love with the hairy crab (螃 蟹)，which is one of 1 __________ most prized Chinese dishes.Hairy crabs are only available in the fall，starting 2 __________ late September to early October，and 3 __________ (end) around November.Supplies are limited and Chinese consumers spend a lot on good-quality crabs obtained from particular rivers. the from ending 　　Hairy crabs’ flesh is well-known for its 4 __________ (sweet).Also of value is the crabs’ golden roe，which is creamy and delicious. Female crabs are more prized 5 __________ male ones because they contain much more roe and are believed 6 __________ (taste) sweeter.  sweetness than to taste 　　Traditionally，the recipe for hairy crabs 7 __________(be) simple—the crabs are steamed and then eaten with a sauce (调味汁). They are paired 8 __________(excellent) with huangjiu，a kind of Chinese liquor (烈性酒) made from fermented (发酵的) grains.There are eight different tools used to process the hairy crabs，each 9 __________ (design) for specific parts.It is a mark of art，and in fact a show of skill to be able to eat crabs without cracking the bones. is excellently designed 　　Many restaurants are now offering to do the work for you，and will bring you the ready-processed ones.It’s surprising 10 __________ great hairy crabs are after you’ve removed the obstacle (障碍物) when eating them. how 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.1：secure v.(尤指经过努力)获得 adj.安全的；牢固的；可靠的 groundbreaking adj.创新的，开创性的 Para.2：brilliant adj.很好的；巧妙的；很成功的 affordable adj.价格合理的；负担得起的 witness v.见证；目击；(为正式文件的签署)作证constant adj.不断的；重复的；连续发生的 Para.3：exceptional adj.杰出的，优秀的 ambitious adj.雄心勃勃的；有野心的 Para.5：establish v.建立；设立；确立 派生词汇 Para.3：invaluable adj.极宝贵的；极有用的→value n.价值；用途；积极作用→valuable adj.有价值的；宝贵的；很重要的→valueless adj.没有价值的；不值钱的 Para.5：practical adj.实际的；适用的；切实可行的→practice v.练习；实习 n.练习，实践 熟词生义 Para.1：emerge 常用义：v.(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现，浮现，露出　文章义：v.露头；显现；显露 核心短语 Para.1：stand out突出，显眼，引人注目 Para.2：reflect on认真思考 can’t help but do sth.忍不住做某事 be aware of...意识到……，知道…… be associated with...与……有关 Para.5：long to do sth.渴望做某事 B 篇 核心单词 Para.2：available adj.可获得的 consequence n.后果 steep adj.过高的；不合理的 Para.3：fleeting adj.短暂的 superficial adj.表面的；肤浅的 派生词汇 Para.1：resistance n.阻力→resist v.抵制 beneficial adj.有益的→benefit n.益处 v.对……有用，使受益 Para.4：tendency n.倾向；性情；趋势→tend v.往往会；趋向；照料 熟词生义 Para.4：existence 常用义：n.存在；实有　文章义： n.生活，生活方式 核心短语 Para.1：in the long run 从长远来看 Para.3：a couch potato 电视迷 make up for 弥补 Para.4：by nature 天性；本性上 $$