话题16 体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境二　人与社会 主题(二)　文学、艺术与体育 话题16　体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神 1 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 巩固提升 2 高考真题精研 Passage 1　阅读理解(2022·全国乙卷·D) 　　The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate，the first official data on the policy has shown.  First announced in April 2016，the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5 g of sugar per 100 ml，was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖).It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar，putting them at a higher risk of the disease.  Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury.However，data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019，which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge，according to Treasury figures.Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import，depending on the sugar content.  However，some high sugar brands，like Classic Coca Cola，have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices，milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax，as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.  Today’s figures，according to one government official，show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance，and the industry is playing its part.  　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国政府通过对部分软饮料征收含糖税来降低儿童肥胖率，并直接将税收用于改进学校体育设施和保证更健康的饮食。 32.Why was the sugar tax introduced? A.To collect money for schools. B.To improve the quality of drinks. C.To protect children’s health. D.To encourage research in education. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，征收含糖税是为了帮助减少儿童肥胖，从而保护孩子们的健康。 32 33 34 35 33.How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? A.They turned to overseas markets. B.They raised the prices of their products. C.They cut down on their production. D.They reduced their products’ sugar content. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.”可知，一些饮料制造商为避税，降低了所生产饮料的含糖量。 32 33 34 35 34.From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? A.Most alcoholic drinks. B.Milk-based drinks. C.Fruit juices. D.Classic Coke. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“However，some high sugar brands，like Classic Coca Cola...consumers.”以及“Fruit juices，milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax”可知，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税。而果汁饮料、奶制品饮料、大部分含酒精的饮料是免征含糖税的。由此推断出，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。 32 33 34 35 35.What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? A.It is a short-sighted decision. B.It is a success story. C.It benefits manufacturers. D.It upsets customers. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可以推测出，糖税政策是成功的。 32 33 34 35 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ v.预言，预测 2. __________ adv.开始，最初 3. __________ n.进口，进口商品 v.进口，输入 4. __________ adj.满足的；满意的 n.满足；内容 vt.使满足 5. __________ v.包含，容纳 6. __________ v.避免，防止 predict initially import content contain avoid 7. __________ adj.乐观的，有信心的 8.announce v.宣布，公布→______________ n.公告；宣布 →__________ n.广播员；宣告者 9.reduce v.减少，降低→__________ n.减小，降低 10.consume v.消耗，消费→_____________ n.消费，消耗 →__________ n.消费者，顾客 11.recommend v.建议，劝告；推荐；使受欢迎→_______________ n.正式建议，提议；介绍；推荐信 12.generate v.产生，引起→__________ n.一代(人)；一代人的时间 positive announcement announcer reduction consumption consumer recommendation generation (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 　First announced in April 2016，the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5 g of sugar per 100 ml，was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.(introduce基本义：v.介绍) ______________ v.实施，推行 14 (三)词块积累 1.the tax which applies to soft drinks ____________________ 2.at present _______________ 3.as a result of manufacturers’ efforts ____________________ 4.for fear of upsetting consumers ____________________ 适用于软饮料的税 目前，现在 由于制造商的努力 为了避免扰乱消费者 15 ①Those who are content __________ their present situations will surely make no difference in life. ②That rich man is tired of city life，so he is content _________ (live) in the country.  1 content adj.满足的；满意的n.[C](contents)所容纳之物；目录；(常用单数)容量vt.使满足 (四)词汇精研 with to live 16 ③我们不应该使自己仅仅满足于课本知识。 →We shouldn’t ___________________________ learned from the books.(content adj.)  →We should ______________________________________ learned from the books.(content vt.)  be content with the knowledge never content ourselves with the knowledge •feel/be content with对……满足/满意 be content to do sth.满足于做某事 •content oneself with...满足于…… •contented adj.满意的；满足的(作前置定语) content adj.满意的(不可用于名词前) 18 ◎写作素材 “对……满意”的常用短语小结：be content with； be pleased with； be satisfied with； be happy with。 19 写出下列句中contain的词义 ①When condors (秃鹰) eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead，they absorb large quantities of lead.__________ ②The stadium is large enough to contain 500 thousand audience. __________ ③Hearing the disappointing news，he was too sad to contain himself. __________ ④我们班有60名学生，包含35名男生和25名女生。  ________________________________________________________ 2 contain vt.包含；容纳；克制；抑制(强烈的感情等) 包含 容纳 克制 There are 60 students in our class，containing 35 boys and 25 girls. 20 •contain...(全部)包含/容纳…… contain oneself克制自己 •include+n./pron./doing包括…… including+被包括的一部分=被包括的一部分 +included包括…… ◎写作素材 At the good news，my father could hardly contain his pride in me.听到这个好消息，父亲无法抑制以我为傲的心情。 ①My English teacher recommended __________ (buy) an English-Chinese dictionary which he thought would be of great help to my studies. ②I recommend you __________ (think) very carefully before you do anything foolish.  ③Teachers recommend parents __________________ (not allow) their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.  3 recommend vt.建议，劝告；推荐，介绍 buying to think (should) not allow 23 ④我们建议你早点儿预订航班。 →We ___________________________________________.(that从句)  →We __________________________________. (不定式) recommend that you (should) book your flight early recommend you to book your flight early recommend that sb.(should) do建议某人(应该)做……(从句用虚拟语气) recommend sth.to sb. 向某人推荐某物 recommend sb.for...推荐某人做(某职位) recommend sb.as...推荐某人为…… recommend doing sth.建议做某事 recommend sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事 ◎写作素材 recommend an experienced English teacher to me给我推荐一位经验丰富的英语老师 recommend you to avoid processed foods 建议你不要食用加工的食物 Part 2　句型 (一)长难句分析 1.It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax. [结构分析]　本句是一个主从复合句。主句是it comes，it指代上文提到的事情。after引导时间状语从句，该从句中sold in shops作后置定语修饰soft drinks，从句谓语结构have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers表示“其含糖量已被制造商降低下来”。so引导目的状语从句。 [尝试翻译]　_______________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 在此之前，在店销售的超过半数类型的软饮料都已经被制造商降低了含糖量，这样他们就能避免交税。 27 2.Fruit juices，milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax，as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. [结构分析]　as引导非限制性定语从句，代替上文所说的内容，意为“正如，就像”。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ __________________________ 果汁、牛奶饮品以及大部分酒水都免税，就像年产低于100万升的小公司一样。 28 3.Today’s figures，according to one government official，show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools. [结构分析]　本句是一个主从复合句。主句为today’s figures show the positive influence；according to one government official为状语；the sugar tax is having是定语从句，修饰influence；by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools为方式状语。 [尝试翻译]　_________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 据一位政府官员称，现在的数据显示，糖税正在产生积极的影响，为学校体育设施和更健康的饮食筹集了数百万英镑。 29 (二)句型精析 1 The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate，the first official data on the policy has shown.官方初始数据表明，政府对软饮料增收糖税所得收入未及部长们先前预期的一半。  [句型公式]　half as...as是倍数表达句型，意为“是……的一半”。 30 ①The electronic waste stream is increasing three times __________ (fast) than traditional garbage as a whole. ②The new stadium being built will be three times the __________ (high) of the present one. ③This famous company has produced __________ (two) as many electric vehicles this year as last year. ④我们学校的操场是一个足球场的十倍大。 Our school’s playground is _________________ of a football field.  faster height twice ten times the size 常见的倍数句型： ...倍数+as+adj./adv.+as... ...倍数+形容词比较级/副词比较级+than... ...倍数+the size/length/height/depth/width+of... ◎写作素材 What is known to all is that the earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon.众所周知，地球是月球的49倍大。 2 It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar，putting them at a higher risk of the disease.人们相信，现在的儿童和青少年正在摄入三倍水平的建议含糖量，这使得他们处于更高的患病风险中。  [句型公式]　It is believed that...意为“据信；人们相信……”，it为形式主语，指代that 引导的从句。 ①__________ is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning. ②It is believed __________ he got about $77.8 million from the sales of his detectors. ③众所周知，九寨沟有多层次的瀑布和色彩斑斓的湖泊。 __________________ Jiuzhaigou features multi-level waterfalls and colorful lakes.  It that It is well-known that It is said that...据说…… It is hoped that...人们希望…… It is reported that...据报道…… It is well-known that...众所周知…… It is supposed that...据推测…… ◎写作素材 It is hoped that students can find whatever resources they need.人们希望学生们能找到他们需要的任何资源。 Passage 2　阅读理解(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·D) 　　As we age，even if we’re healthy，the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be.In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s.And among people who don’t exercise，the changes can start even sooner. 　　“Think of a rubber band.In the beginning，it is flexible，but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken，” says Dr.Ben Levine，a heart specialist at the University of Texas.That’s what happens to the heart.Fortunately for those in midlife，Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser，getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart. 　　Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups.The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week.The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.After two years，the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.  　　“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts，” says Levine.“And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change，he says. 　　“The sweet spot in life to start exercising，if you haven’t already，is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility，” Levine says.“We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program，and nothing happened to them at all.” 　　Dr.Nieca Goldberg，a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association，says Levine’s findings are a great start.But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了锻炼对心脏的好处。 32.What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band? A.The right way of exercising. B.The causes of a heart attack. C.The difficulty of keeping fit. D.The aging process of the heart. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，Levine想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。 32 33 34 35 33.In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design? A.The diet plan. B.The professional background. C.The exercise type. D.The previous physical condition. 答案：C 32 33 34 35 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week.The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.(第一组每周参加三次无氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动)”可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。 32 33 34 35 34.What does Levine’s research find? A.Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise. B.High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young. C.It is never too late for people to start taking exercise. D.The more exercise we do，the stronger our hearts get. 答案：A 32 33 34 35 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.After two years，the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.(第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善)”和第四段的“‘We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts，’says Levine.(Levine说：‘我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回30或35岁的心脏。’)”可知，Levine的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A。 32 33 34 35 35.What does Dr.Nieca Goldberg suggest? A.Making use of the findings. B.Interviewing the study participants. C.Conducting further research. D.Clarifying the purpose of the study. 答案：C 32 33 34 35 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. (但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响)”可知，Nieca Goldberg博士建议做进一步的研究。故选C。 32 33 34 35 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ adj.生效的，效率高的 2. __________ v.处理，加工 n.步骤，程序 3. ____________ adj.热心的，热情的 4. __________ adv.随机地；胡乱地 5. __________ v.改善，改进 6. __________ adv.否则，不然；除此以外，在其他方面 efficient process enthusiastic randomly improve otherwise 7. __________ adj.引人注目的，非凡的 8. __________ n.常规，惯例 9. __________ adj.很大的，十分强烈的 10.determine v.决定→___________ adj.坚定的；坚决的 →_____________ n.决心；毅力 11.flexible adj.灵活的；柔韧的→__________ n.灵活性；弹性 12.guide v.带领，引导→__________ n.指导，指引 remarkable routine intense determined determination flexibility guidance (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) 1.As we age，even if we’re healthy，the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be.(age基本义：n.年龄)__________ 2.Fortunately for those in midlife，Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser，getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.(shape基本义：n.形状) __________ 3.The sweet spot in life to start exercising，if you haven’t already，is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility...(sweet基本义：adj.甜的spot基本义：n.点) __________ 变老 身体状况 最佳阶段 52 (三)词块积累 1.the first signs show up ___________________ 2.which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference ____________________________ 首批迹象/征兆出现 日常锻炼的哪些方面影响最大 53 ①He determined __________ (work) twice as hard as before to make his dream come true.  ②_____________ (determine) to become slim，she took part in many outdoor activities. ③Have you determined __________ a date for the foundation of your firm? ④在处理完这场事故后，她决心毕业后成为一名医生。 After dealing with the accident，she ___________________________ __________________________.  determine v.测定；决定；确定 (四)词汇精研 to work Determined on/upon was determined to become a doctor after graduation 54 •determine to do...决定做……(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth.决定(做)某事 •determined adj.坚决的；坚毅的 be determined to do...决心做……(表示状态) •determination n.决心；毅力 55 ◎写作素材 be due in large part to their determination在很大程度上应归功于他们的决心 determine their own future 决定他们自己的未来 show great courage and determination表现出极大的勇气和决心 56 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. [结构分析]　本句是主从复合句。aged between 45 and 64是过去分词短语作定语，修饰volunteers； who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy是定语从句，也修饰volunteers。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ________________________________________ 莱文和他的研究团队选取了45到64岁的志愿者，这些人锻炼不多，但其他方面都很健康。 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(教材原句，人教选必四U1)Working __________ (efficient) has been improved since this new software was adopted. 2.(教材原句，人教选必二U5)If you have an elderly person in your home，you may need to take some extra __________ (measure) to make your home safer. 3. __________ average，American firms remain the most productive in the world. 4.As __________ result of the heavy fog，the freeway was closed. efficiency measures On a 5.The damage was far more serious than _________ (initial) believed. 6.I saw the advertisement that your corporation needs some _________ (assist) in yesterday’s newspaper，and I am writing to apply for the position. 7.Stress should be put on the __________ (prevent) of diseases. 8.The first chapter gives __________ (guide) on how to make the best use of existing staff. 9.It is reported that the aeroplane will travel at twice __________ speed of sound. 10.I lost a file ___________ (contain) a lot of important documents. initially assistants prevention guidance the containing Ⅱ.完成句子 1. _______________ (人们相信) she did write a report about the protection of children’s rights and interests the other day.  2.Up to now，43 million workers ____________________ (已经参加了) the basic medical insurance program.  3.The desk I am using is ________________________________ (我同事的三倍大).  4. ______________________________________________ (估量笑对孩子的正面影响) is so difficult.  5.No wonder he could ________________________ (几乎抑制不住他的愤怒).  It is believed that have participated in three times the size of my colleague’s Measuring the positive effects of laughter on children hardly contain his anger Ⅲ.语法填空 A 　　(教材改编，外研必修二U3)As a computer engineer，there’s always a new challenge just around the corner! It can be quite 1.____________ (stress) at times，though，which in turn makes me feel anxious.To help deal with this，I go running as often as I 2.__________ (possible) can.Whether I’m at the gym or on the road，my nervous energy 3.____________ (push) me through mile one.By mile two，the tension has moved from my mind to my 4.__________ (leg).By the end of the run，all my stress has disappeared and I’m ready 5.____________ (face) the next day at work!  1.答案：stressful 解析：空处作表语，应用形容词stressful，表示“充满压力的，紧张的”。 2.答案：possibly 解析：分析句子结构，空处修饰情态动词can，应用副词形式。 3.答案：pushes 解析：上下文描述的都是日常生活状态，故此处也应用一般现在时，且主语是my nervous energy，为单数，故应用pushes。 4.答案：legs 解析：此处指的是两条腿，应用复数形式。 5.答案：to face 解析：be ready to do sth.表示“准备好做某事”，为固定用法，故填 to face。 B 　　(教材改编，外研选必一U3)A sports role model is a sportsperson who 1.____________ (inspire) other people in a certain way.In this spirit，the Laureus World Sports Awards is an annual ceremony to honour 2.____________ (remark) sportspeople.The first ceremony 3.____________ (hold) in 2000 in Monaco，where Pelé was given the Lifetime Achievement Award.In 2003，Yao Ming became the first Chinese sportsperson to win the award，and in Shanghai in 2015 Yao Ming and Li Na both won 4.____________ (award).These sports role models show us what sporting spirit really means—that is，faster，higher and 5.____________ (strong)!  1.答案：inspires 解析：本句是客观性的描述，应用一般现在时，又因空处为who引导的定语从句的谓语，who指代先行词a sportsperson，为单数，故空处应用inspires。 2.答案：remarkable 解析：空处修饰后面的名词sportspeople，应用形容词 remarkable，表示“非凡的”。 3.答案：was held 解析：根据本句中的in 2000可知，时态应用一般过去时，且主语the first ceremony与hold 之间为被动关系，故空处应用一般过去时的被动语态。 4.答案：awards 解析：空处作won的宾语，award“奖”为可数名词，又根据句中的both可知，此处应用名词复数形式。 5.答案：stronger 解析：根据本句句意以及空前的faster 和 higher可知，空处也应用形容词的比较级形式，故填stronger。 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子) ①现在喜欢运动员的粉丝人数在增加。 Nowadays the number of fans ______________________________.  ②其中最受欢迎的是一名在比赛中表现出色的游泳运动员。 __________________________ is a swimmer who________________ ________________.  who like athletes is on the increase One of the favourite athletes performed well in the competition ③即使她必须与许多有竞争力的游泳选手竞争，但她仍然保持乐 观。 Even if she had to ______________________________________，she still remained positive.  ④比赛很激烈，很多对手比她有优势，但她努力进入了决赛。 Although _______________________ and_______________________ __________________，she managed ___________________.  compete against many competitive swimmers the competition was tough many competitors had an advantage over her to enter the final ⑤当她被宣布是冠军时，她吃惊地站了起来。 When she ____________________________，she ______________，surprised.  ⑥她乐观的态度保证了她在比赛中的成功。 Her positive attitude ____________________________________.  was declared to be the champion rose to her feet guaranteed her success in the competition Step 2　表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级) ①用状语从句的省略升级句⑤ When declared to be the champion，she rose to her feet，surprised.  ②用强调句型升级句⑥ It was her positive attitude that guaranteed her success in the competition.  _____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 3　衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) 　　Nowadays the number of fans who like athletes is on the increase. One of the favourite athletes is a swimmer who performed well in the competition.Even if she had to compete against many competitive swimmers，she still remained positive.Although the competition was tough and many competitors had an advantage over her，she managed to enter the final.When declared to be the champion，she rose to her feet，surprised.As far as I’m concerned，it was her positive attitude that guaranteed her success in the competition.  ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 读后续写——素材语料积累 【情感细节描写：愤怒(一)】 单词 angry；mad；furious；angrily；madly；crossly；furiously；anger；rage；fury；boil (vi.怒火中烧) 词块 one’s face be flushed with anger气得脸通红； one’s face be purple with anger/rage气得脸色发紫； stare angrily/furiously/ wildly at sb.怒视某人 句型 Tom’s recent behavior would always set off Mr.Smith’s anger/make Mr.Smith burst into anger/make Mr.Smith burn with anger/make Mr.Smith explode with anger. 汤姆最近的行为总能让史密斯老师火冒三丈。 Finding his homework was unfinished again，Mr.Smith let out a cry of anger，with his eyes shining with annoyance.(with复合结构) 史密斯老师发现他的作业又没完成，愤怒地大叫了一声，眼里闪烁着恼怒的光芒。 Tom hung his head and said nothing.His father’s color came up，and a heavy rage came over his face like a dark cloud.(比喻) 汤姆垂头不语。父亲脸色突变，一股怒火像乌云一样笼罩着他的脸。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A 　　(2024·湖南长沙期中)For the rapidly decreasing number of Americans who’ve never heard of pickleball，the little-known paddleball game is one of America’s fastest-growing sports. Invented in 1965 by three middle-aged fathers in Washington State，pickleball is an odd cross among tennis，ping-pong and badminton，played with a paddle and a perforated (穿孔的) plastic ball. The founders are said to have named the game after a family dog called Pickles. Most of pickleball’s core players—those who play more than eight times per year—are over age 65，but the game is getting younger，with the strongest growth among players under 55，according to USA Pickleball. But with so many new players，the US is struggling to keep up with the demand for courts. The country has only about 10，000 places to play，by USA Pickleball’s count，but that continues to grow by several dozen every month. Pickleball is also fast becoming a spectator sport (观赏性体育运动). Its first professional tournament，the Professional Pickleball Association (PPA) Tour，was formed in 2018 and the professional players are being able to really become celebrities and spotlights. Traditional broadcasters’ interest in the sport is growing. So far，pickleball fans can watch amateur and professional matches on sports or social channels，mostly online. “The ability for a sport to find an audience quickly via social media is unprecedented (前所未有的)，” says Ben Shields，who lectures at MIT Sloan School of Management and studies the sports industry. Shields adds that pickleball still needs a famous star to draw in wider audiences，who has been the key to success for other sports leagues—that also started with grassroots and unusual names. “I think if pickleball，in its own humble way，can continue to grow its participation and find ways to make the sport an appealing fan product，who knows，10 or 20 years later，it could be a big competitor in the global sports industry.” 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国快速发展的运动项目——匹克球。 1.What do we know about the pickleball game from the text?(　　) A.It was named after a dog. B.It is popular among young kids. C.It’s a cross between tennis and volleyball. D.It was invented by three ordinary women. 1 2 3 4 A 解析：细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“The founders are said to have named the game after a family dog called Pickles.”可知，匹克球运动是以一条狗的名字命名的，故选A。 2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? (　　) A.The playing time. B.The form of matches. C.The number of courts. D.The participation rate. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：代词指代题。 根据画线词前的“The country has only about 10，000 places to play，by USA Pickleball’s count”可知，这个国家只有大约1万个匹克球运动场地，再根据画线词后的“continues to grow”可推知，此处指的是“比赛场地的数量”，即比赛场地的数量继续以每个月几十个的速度增长，故选C。 1 2 3 4 3.Which best describes “a famous star” to pickleball according to Ben Shields?(　　) A.Humble.　　　　　 B.Inflexible. C.Harmful. D.Influential. 1 2 3 4 D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Shields adds that pickleball still needs a famous star to draw in wider audiences”可知，“a famous star”的作用是吸引更多的观众，所以推测“a famous star”对于匹克球运动而言应该是具有很大影响力的，故选D。 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?(　　) A.The History of Pickleball B.The Growing Popularity of Pickleball C.The Rise and Fall of Pickleball D.The Rules of Playing Pickleball 1 2 3 4 B 解析：标题归纳题。 通读全文可知，文章第一段首先引出了匹克球这项运动在美国发展很快，第二段介绍了匹克球的起源，接着介绍了这项运动的发展和前景。所以文章主要围绕“匹克球运动的快速发展”这个主题展开，故B项是最佳标题。 B 　　(2024·河北石家庄教学质检二)When it comes to lowering blood pressure，studies have typically shown that aerobic (有氧的) exercises are best.Recent research suggests another type of physical activity is worth including as an effective tool to prevent and treat high blood pressure. 　　Exercises that engage muscles without movement，such as wall squats and planks，may be best for lowering blood pressure，according to a large study published in July 2023 in British Journal of Sports Medicine. 　　This type of training is known as isometric exercises，according to the Mayo Clinic.Isometric muscle action happens when muscles contract but do not visibly change length，and the joints involved don’t move，facilitating stability of the body.Isometric exercises can be done with weights or without，just relying on the body’s own weight.  　　“These findings provide a comprehensive data-driven framework to support the development of new exercise guideline recommendations for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure，” said study co-author Dr.Jamie O’Driscoll in a news release. 　　The researchers looked into randomized controlled trials that had reported the effects of exercise interventions，lasting two or more weeks，on blood pressure between 1990 and February 2023.From a review of 270 trials with 15，827 participants，the researchers found that among HIIT (high intensity interval training)，isometric exercises，aerobic exercises，dynamic resistance training and a combination of the latter two，isometric exercises led to the greatest reductions in blood pressure. 　　It’s also important to note that there are other lifestyle changes as well as exercise that can benefit your blood pressure.These include keeping to a healthy weight，eating a balanced diet，cutting down on salt，not drinking too much alcohol and ensuring that you continue to take any prescribed medication. 　　More research is needed to determine exactly why isometric exercises might be better for lowering blood pressure than other types of training，the authors said. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种能有效控制血压的锻炼活动——等长运动，即在不运动的情况下锻炼肌肉，促进身体的稳定性。做该锻炼时可使用重物，也可不使用重物只依靠身体自身的重量。 5.What does the underlined part “isometric exercises” in paragraph 3 refer to?(　　) A.Exercises that are done with extra weights. B.Exercises that involve visible muscle contraction. C.Exercises that focus on stability of the body. D.Exercises that engage muscles without movement. 5 6 7 8 D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分后的“muscles contract but do not visibly change length，and the joints involved don’t move，facilitating stability of the body”可知，等长运动指的是肌肉收缩但长度没有明显变化，并且所涉及的关节不移动，从而促进身体的稳定性，也就是说等长运动指的是身体不动但锻炼肌肉的锻炼，故选D。 5 6 7 8 6.How did the researchers carry out the study?(　　) A.By providing statistics. B.By interviewing experts. C.By doing experiments. D.By making comparisons. 5 6 7 8 D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，研究人员调查了随机对照试验，这些试验报告了1990年至2023年2月期间持续两周或更长时间的运动干预对血压的影响。通过对15 827名参与者的270项试验的回顾，研究人员发现，在HIIT(高强度间歇训练)、等长运动、有氧运动、动态阻力训练和后两者的结合中，等长运动使血压降低幅度最大。也就是说，研究人员是通过比较的方法进行这项研究的，故选D。 5 6 7 8 7.What do the authors suggest the future studies about isometric exercises focus on?(　　) A.Exploring the reasons for its effectiveness. B.Demonstrating its influence on mental health. C.Assessing its suitability for different populations. D.Determining its long-term impact on blood pressure. 5 6 7 8 A 97 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“More research is needed to...other types of training”可知，作者们认为未来需要更多的研究来确定为什么等长运动可能比其他类型的训练更能降低血压，即他们建议未来有关等长运动的研究应专注于探索它的有效性的原因，故选A。 5 6 7 8 98 8.What is the text mainly about?(　　) A.The benefits of aerobic exercises. B.The best exercise for blood pressure. C.The effects of various types of exercises. D.The importance of keeping a healthy lifestyle. 5 6 7 8 B 解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段告诉我们在降低血压方面，研究通常表明有氧运动是最好的。然后文章主要介绍了另一种降低高血压的有效活动——等长运动的相关情况。研究表明，等长运动也许是降低血压的最好方式，故本文主要讲了降低血压的最佳活动，故选B。 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了过度训练的危害、恢复方式和预防措施。 　　(2024·山东济南一模) Risks of Overtraining Getting into shape and training for an event such as a marathon requires long-lasting and intense physical commitment.1(　　) But the truth is，sometimes the very acts we do to get healthy can actually push us past our physical limits.  A.It’s easy to measure and track. B.Allowing time for recovery is also essential. C.The problem is that they show up very gradually. D.Below are the signs and symptoms of overtraining. E.Listening to your body will assure you of your fitness goals. F.If far beyond，it’ll take longer to adapt and may cause injury. G.We generally assume regular intense exercise is good for our health. 1.答案：G 解析：空前讲到了“为马拉松这样的项目强身健体和训练需要长期和高强度的身体投入”，而空后则是转折“但是事实上，有时候我们为获得健康而做的事情实际上会推动我们超越身体的极限”。由此可知，空处讲到的应该是“长期和高强度的身体投入”是可取 的，故G项“我们通常认为定期的高强度运动对我们的健康有益”符合语境，且G项中的“We generally assume”和空后的“the truth is”形成了明显的转折。 Specifically，overtraining is a set of signs that occur when your body is not able to recover sufficiently before going into your next workout.2(　　) People tend to ignore them. Over time，the cycle of starting the next training session before allowing recovery causes breakdown of the very parts of the body that you work so hard to build up.  A.It’s easy to measure and track. B.Allowing time for recovery is also essential. C.The problem is that they show up very gradually. D.Below are the signs and symptoms of overtraining. E.Listening to your body will assure you of your fitness goals. F.If far beyond，it’ll take longer to adapt and may cause injury. G.We generally assume regular intense exercise is good for our health. 2.答案：C 解析：空前讲到了“过度训练是指你的身体在下一次锻炼前不能充分恢复的一系列迹象”，而空后讲到了“人们往往会忽略它们”。由此可知，“一系列迹象”是不容易被人发现的，C项“问题是它们是逐渐出现的”说明了不易被人发现的原因，且C项中的they指代上文中的“a set of signs”，故选C。 The structures and systems of your body adapt to the demands you have placed on them before the rest time. If your workout slightly goes beyond your current ability，it will adapt to what you did in a positive way.3(　　) A.It’s easy to measure and track. B.Allowing time for recovery is also essential. C.The problem is that they show up very gradually. D.Below are the signs and symptoms of overtraining. E.Listening to your body will assure you of your fitness goals. F.If far beyond，it’ll take longer to adapt and may cause injury. G.We generally assume regular intense exercise is good for our health. 3.答案：F 解析：空前讲到了“如果你的锻炼稍微超出了你目前的能力，它将以一种积极的方式适应你的锻炼”，F项“如果远远超过(你目前的能力)，它将需要更长的时间来适应，而且可能造成伤害”与上文形成了递进关系，故F项符合语境。 Two main factors are necessary in recovery：nutrition and rest. Good nutrition，including water and protein intake，is extremely important，especially within 40 minutes of your workout.4(　　)Your body uses the nutrients you have given it during the rest time，especially sleep，to strengthen.  A.It’s easy to measure and track. B.Allowing time for recovery is also essential. C.The problem is that they show up very gradually. D.Below are the signs and symptoms of overtraining. E.Listening to your body will assure you of your fitness goals. F.If far beyond，it’ll take longer to adapt and may cause injury. G.We generally assume regular intense exercise is good for our health. 4.答案：B 解析：本段主旨句为“Two main factors are necessary in recovery：nutrition and rest.”，空前已经讲到了“nutrition”，因此，空处应该会讲到“rest”。B项“允许恢复的时间也是必要的”符合语境，且其中的“also”表明了空处与空前的递进关系。 One of the best ways to prevent overtraining is to focus on your morning resting heart rate.5(　　) Generally，you will detect an increase in your heart rate before the other signs show up. Tracking it in a log can be a great way to monitor your recovery.  A.It’s easy to measure and track. B.Allowing time for recovery is also essential. C.The problem is that they show up very gradually. D.Below are the signs and symptoms of overtraining. E.Listening to your body will assure you of your fitness goals. F.If far beyond，it’ll take longer to adapt and may cause injury. G.We generally assume regular intense exercise is good for our health. 5.答案：A 解析：空前讲到了“focus on your morning resting heart rate”，空后讲到了“you will detect an increase in your heart rate”，因此，空处讲到的应该也是与关注和检测心率相关的内容，A项“它很容易被测量和记录”承上启下。A项中的“It”指的是上文中的“morning resting heart rate”。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 　　(2024·山东济南质检)The Grand Canal is one of the great engineering wonders built by ancient Chinese.“It bears witness 1 __________ a remarkable and early development of hydraulic (与水利系统有关的) engineering，” the UNESCO website states. 　　In ancient times，the Grand Canal 2 _______ (serve) as the main channel for grain transport and every kind of economic and cultural exchange.It also facilitated the time-consuming journeys of laborers and materials for the 3 ___________ (construct) of the Forbidden City in Beijing，the capital city of the Yuan，Ming and Qing dynasties. to served construction 　　The Grand Canal had inspired the name of Chenchen，one of the three mascots (吉祥物) of the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou.Chenchen， coming from the Gongchen Bridge，4 __________ stretches over the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal，was colored blue 5 __________ (represent) science and technology.  which to represent 118 　　The Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal covers 6 _______ total length of 39 kilometers，which is home to 11 of the canal’s total 58 historical 7 ________ (site).It enters the city from Tangqi ancient town in Yuhang District，travels through Gongshu and Shangcheng Districts，8 __________ finally flows into the Qiantang River from the Three Gorges ship lock. 　　Visitors 9 _______________(recommend) to take a boat trip on the ancient waterway to enjoy some of 10 _______ (it) incomparable scenery as well as the amazing landscape of Jiangnan water town.  a sites and are recommended its 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.3：demand n.需要，需求 Para.4：professional adj.职业的，专业的 celebrity n.名人，名流 amateur adj.业余的 Para.5：participation n.参加 appealing adj.有吸引力的，有感染力的 核心短语 Para.2：name...after...以……给……命名 Para.3：keep up with 跟上 Para.5：draw in sb.把某人吸引进来 B 篇 核心单词 Para.1：lower v.减少；降低 typically adv.通常；一般 Para.3：facilitate v.促进；促使；使便利 派生词汇 Para.3：stability n.稳定(性)；稳固(性)→stable adj.稳定的；稳固的；牢固的 Para.4：recommendation n.推荐；介绍；提议→recommend v.推荐；举荐；介绍 Para.5：reduction n.减少；缩小；降低→reduce v.减少 熟词生义 Para.3：contract 常用义：n.合同；合约；契约　文章义：v.(使)收缩，缩小 核心短语 Para.1：when it comes to当谈到……的时候 Para.6：cut down on减少，削减 prescribed medication处方药 长难句 分析 These include keeping to a healthy weight，eating a balanced diet，cutting down on salt，not drinking too much alcohol and ensuring that you continue to take any prescribed medication.(Para.6) 分析：句中keeping to...ensuring that...prescribed medication为五个并列的宾语；that引导宾语从句。 译文：这些包括保持健康的体重、均衡饮食、减少盐的摄入、不过量饮酒以及确保你继续服用任何处方药。 写作规范练(四) Ⅰ.应用文写作——感谢信(满分15分) 　　(2024·云南昆明第二次“三诊一模”)假定你是李华，你在学校举办的“Adversity and Courage”英语演讲比赛中获奖，请给指导外教 Miss Morton 写一封邮件表示感谢。内容包括： 　　1.感谢指导； 　　2.个人感悟。 　　注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 Dear Miss Morton， ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 　　I’m writing to convey my gratitude to you for your invaluable assistance in the English speech contest，with the theme of “Adversity and Courage”.Without your guidance，I couldn’t have ranked first. 　　Your professional and constructive criticism has been a key part of my progress.From choices of words to the presentation skills of attracting audience，your lessons have been enlightening.What’s __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours， Li Hua particularly memorable is that your feedback is always on point and encouraging，forming the core of my confidence and persistence. Looking back，the whole process enables me to pursue my dream courageously despite the obstacles on the way. 　　Many thanks again for your kind help. Ⅱ.读后续写——友谊情深(满分25分) 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　(2024·贵州贵阳质监)At a neighbor’s pool the summer after sixth grade，Charley shouted out those famous last words，“Hey，watch this!” As he dove into the pool，Tad froze. It wasn’t the deep end! Charley was hurt bad when he hit the bottom of the swimming pool. The doctor said he might have broken his back and could lose the use of his legs. His life would change forever. Tad didn’t see Charley for over a month after he was carried away in the screaming ambulance. When Tad went to visit Charley in the hospital，his “Hey，dude，how’s it going?” was greeted by an annoyed grunt (嘟哝声). Looking small and pale，Charley cried，“I can’t walk—how do you think I feel? I wish I were dead!” “Bro，you’ll get well! You’re tough.” “No，the doctor said I wouldn’t.” “Aw，man. That’s horrible!” And the conversation died right there. Tad didn’t go back after that. He just didn’t know what to say. When Charley got out of the hospital，Tad went over to his house a few times and played video games，but it just wasn’t the same. Not only was his friend’s body damaged，so was his spirit. Tad had made friends with other boys who enjoyed all the things he and Charley used to do. Even if he felt sad and guilty，he wasn’t spending more time at Charley’s. Tad wanted to help and be a good friend but didn’t know how to now. Charley just became sadder and sadder，and Tad spent less and less time with him as the school year passed. When the summer break started again，Tad didn’t see much of Charley. He had made the baseball team and didn’t have time for video games. At least he told himself that was the reason. He was shocked right before eighth grade started when he saw Charley sailing down the sidewalk with a big black dog by his wheelchair. “Wow，what’s this?” said Tad，running over to his friend. “This is Rowdy! He helps me.” 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 “Wow，what does he do?” Tad was interested._____________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “Anything I tell him!” “Cool!” “Watch this! Pull!” With Rowdy pulling and Charley guiding him，Tad had to run to keep up with them.At the gym，Rowdy opened the door for Charley to wheel himself through.In class，Rowdy handed Charley his dropped pen and carried his books in his backpack.As Charley rolled to his next class，he drove Rowdy on and they went flying down the hallway.Tad looked at them and laughed happily，just like old times!  After that，Tad could sense something had changed.___________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Charley was accustomed to his life in wheelchair.What’s better，he was grinning at school for the first time since the accident.Yeah，the previous Charley was back! Tad and Charley got to be best friends again.Tad didn’t feel he had to watch what he said or be on guard to help his friend all the time. It wasn’t long before the dog was just one more guy included in everything that went on! More importantly，so was Charley，the wheelchair and all. $$