话题13 小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境二　人与社会 主题(二)　文学、艺术与体育 话题13　小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等 1 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 巩固提升 2 高考真题精研 第一组 Passage 1　语法填空(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 　　[语篇解读]　本文介绍了纪念汤显祖的中国文化元素进入了莎士比亚的故乡，凸显了中国文化对世界其他地区的重要影响。 　　Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu，56.____________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon，William Shakespeare’s hometown.  56.答案：who 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空白处所在的从句是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代先行词Tang Xianzu，故填关系代词who。 Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616.Although they could never have met，there are common 57.____________ (theme) in their works，said Paul Edmondson，head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.“Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58.____________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 59.____________ Romeo and Juliet.”  57.答案：themes 解析：考查名词单复数。根据空白处前的there are可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式，theme在此意为“主题”。 58.答案：were 解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，该句的主语为Some of the things，that Tang was writing about为定语从句，修饰先行词things；再根据句意可知，此处描述的是过去的事实，故应填were。 59.答案：to 解析：考查介词。be similar to为固定搭配，意为“与……相似”；in some ways在that引导的宾语从句中作状语，把similar和to分割开来。 A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017.Two years later，a six-meter-tall pavilion，60.____________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion，61.____________ (build) at the Firs Garden，just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.  60.答案：inspired 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为 pavilion，60.________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion作后置定语来修饰主语；又因主语pavilion与动词inspire之间为被动关系，故用动词-ed形式，inspired by意为“受……启发”。  61.答案：was built 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据two years later可知，该句描述的是过去的事实，且句子主语pavilion与动词build之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 62.____________ (visible)，said Edmondson，adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 63.____________ (find) the connection between the two great writers.  62.答案：visibility 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空白处缺少宾语，故此处应用名词visibility，意为“知名度”。 63.答案：to find 解析：考查非谓语动词。be amazed to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“对做某事感到惊讶”。 64.____________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion，Edmondson said，“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 65.____________ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”  64.答案：Recalling 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句主语为Edmondson，谓语动词为said，故空白处应填非谓语动词；又因主语Edmondson与动词recall之间为主动关系，故用动词-ing形式作状语。 65.答案：and 解析：考查连词。空白处前的to hear...和空白处后的see...为并列的不定式短语(see前省略了to)，故填并列连词and。 词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ n.要素；元素 2. ______________ adj.当代的；现代的；同一时代的；属同时期的n.同代人；同龄人；同辈人 element contemporary (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 　Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility，said Edmondson，adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.(visibility基本义：n.可见度；能见度；可见性) ___________________ n.知名度；关注 (三)词块积累 1.happen to know __________ 2.be similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet ______________________________________ 3.put up __________ 碰巧知道 在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似 建立 18 Passage 2　阅读理解(2024·全国甲卷·D) 　　“I didn’t like the ending，” I said to my favorite college professor.It was my junior year of undergraduate，and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature.I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot，and I was heartbroken with the ending.Prof.Gracie，with all his patience，asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters，endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome.Of course，I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver，but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.  19 This was an ah-ha moment for me，and I never thought about endings the same way again.From then on，if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy，I’d pick up a love romance.If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess，I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说).One where I kind of knew what was going to happen，historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end—that’s hard.It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers.You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable，but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere，one that fits what’s right for the characters. 20 That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.If it’s short stories，Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—but it might provide what you need to get there. 21 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《作家文摘》杂志如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。 32.Why did the author go to Prof.Gracie? A.To discuss a novel. B.To submit a book report. C.To argue for a writer. D.To ask for a reading list. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，作者刚读完了George Eliot的小说《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，他告诉Gracie教授自己不喜欢该小说的结局。Gracie教授告诉他要超越个人喜好去思考小说的结局，并给出了一些建议，故选A。 32 33 34 35 33.What did the author realize after seeing Prof.Gracie? A.Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B.Readers are often carried away by characters. C.Each type of literature has its unique end. D.A story which begins well will end well. 答案：C 32 33 34 35 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，作者在Gracie教授的启发下顿悟了。选择读什么书对他来说变得容易了。如果作者想读一本确定会有一个快乐美好结局的小说，就选择爱情故事。如果他想读一个猜不到结局的小说，就会选择悬疑小说。如果他想读知道大概会发生什么事情的小说，则会选择历史小说。由此可知，作者意识到每种类型的文学作品有其特有的结局。 32 33 34 35 34.What is expected of a good ending? A.It satisfies readers’ taste. B.It fits with the story development. C.It is usually positive. D.It is open for imagination. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知，写小说的结局不是一件容易的事情。结局要能达到意料之外的效果，但是又不能太突兀，需要适合角色，故选B。 32 33 34 35 35.Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A.To give examples of great novelists. B.To stress the theme of this issue. C.To encourage writing for the magazine. D.To recommend their new books. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，这期《作家文摘》的主题是指导读者如何写出最好的结局，接着提到Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims将如何进行这方面的指导。由此可知，提到Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims 是为了强调本期杂志的主题，故选B。 32 33 34 35 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ adj.(四年制中学或大学)三年级(生)的 2. _____________ n.本科生 3. _____________ adj.极为悲伤的，心碎的 4. __________ n.结果 5. __________ n.爱情故事 6. __________ v.符合 junior undergraduate heartbroken outcome romance fit 7. __________ n.技巧 8. __________ v.分析 9.adapt v.(使)适应；改编→__________ n.适应(性)；改编本 10.stress n.压力；重音 vt.加压力于；使紧张→__________ adj.产生压力的；紧张的→__________ adj.焦虑不安的 technique analyze adaptation stressful stressed (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) 1.If it’s short stories，Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.(break down基本义：发生故障；使物质分解) _______________ (stick the landing基本义：描述在体操或跳水等运动中完美地完成动作的最后落地) ________________________ 2.It satisfies readers’ taste.(taste基本义：n.味道，滋味) _______________ 3.Readers are often carried away by characters.(be/get carried away基本义：被带走)_______________ 拆分(以便理解) 成功创作出故事的结尾 品味，鉴赏力 被……深深吸引 30 (三)词块积累 1.make the most sense for them _________________ 2.kind of __________ 3.carry so much weight with readers ________________________ 4.come from nowhere ______________________ 5.be up to you __________ 6.argue for a writer _______________ 7.a matter of personal preferences _________________ 对他们最为合理 稍微 对读者有很大影响力 毫无预兆地出现 由你决定 为作者辩护 个人喜好的问题 31 ①Only in this way can we adapt __________ the society quickly after we graduate. ②As far as I know，he is going to adapt his play ________ television. ③是文化使得他很难适应国外的新环境。 →It was the culture that made it hard for him to___________________ ____________________________.(adapt)  →It was the culture that made it hard for him to___________________ __________________________________.(adjust)  1 adapt vt.使适应；使适合；改编或改写(稿本等) (四)词汇精研 to for adapt to/adapt himself to the new environment abroad adjust to/adjust himself to the new environment abroad 32 •adapt (oneself) to使……适应于 •adapt sth.from...根据……改编某物 be adapted for为……而改写、改编 33 ◎写作素材 Meanwhile，I am quite independent and it is very easy for me to adapt myself to new surroundings.与此同时，我相当独立，而且很容易适应新环境。  34 ①Things can easily go wrong when people are __________ stress. ②Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting __________ (stress) in their studies. ③Cooperation or teamwork plays an important part in football matches，and its importance is often stressed. →Cooperation or teamwork，_________________________________ _________________________，plays an important part in football matches.(定语从句)  2 stress n.压力；重音vt.使紧张；强调 under stressed the importance of which/whose importance is often stressed 35 •under stress在压力之下 lay/place/put stress on sth.强调某事物 •stress the importance of...强调……的重要性 •stressed adj.焦虑不安的；感到有压力的 ◎写作素材 Nobody’s perfect，especially under stress.人无完人，尤其是在压力之下。 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters，endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. [结构分析]　本句中that I wanted for the characters、that were right for the characters和that satisfied the story均是定语从句，均修饰各自前面的endings； even if引导让步状语从句；he suggested I think about...中，suggest意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句中用(should+)动词原形表示虚拟语气，think前省略了should。 38 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 他建议我思考我想要的角色结局和适合角色的结局之间的区别，即满足故事需要的结局，即使这些结局不是传统意义上的美满结局。 39 第二组 Passage 1　阅读理解(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·D) 　　Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives，we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future，and this is where AI by Design：A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in.This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). 40 In the wrong hands，such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but，thankfully，Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI.  As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，AI is already super-smart and will become more capable，moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence.From there，Campbell says，will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place.She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence，or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it.She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity.We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out.Such structured thinking，followed by global regulation，will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all，and if you only read one book on the subject，this is it. 　　[语篇解读]　本文评述了Catriona Campbell的新书《人工智能设计：与人工智能共生的计划》，分析了当前AI的发展趋势和即将到来的AI革命，呼吁人们共同面对，技术公司和世界领袖应与AI专家们达成共识、携手共进。 32.What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A.If read by someone poorly educated. B.If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C.If written by someone less competent. D.If translated by someone unacademic. 答案：C 32 33 34 35 解析：词义猜测题。第二段主要介绍了《人工智能设计》这本书的作者信息。由画线词后文中的but可知，所在句子前后语意转折。but后是现在时态，描述一种事实，指出这本书作者Campbell拥有20多年的专业经验，能将枯燥难懂的内容变得很通俗易懂。but前提到，这本书可能会像计算机代码一样复杂难懂，其中could表示一种假设或可能情况，由此可推知，Campbell撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话，可能就不是这样了，推测画线短语表示“如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。 32 33 34 35 33.What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A.It is packed with complex codes. B.It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C.It provides step-by-step instructions. D.It is intended for AI professionals. 答案：B 32 33 34 35 解析：细节理解题。第二段最后一句提到，《人工智能设计》这本书的作者从商业人士(而非学者)的实用角度出发，使得这本书极易理解、内容丰富。这意味着该书不会涉及过于复杂或技术性的语言，而是旨在为广泛读者群体提供易于理解的内容。B项中的down-to-earth同义替换文中的practical和highly accessible。 32 33 34 35 34.What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A.Observe existing regulations on it. B.Reconsider expert opinions about it. C.Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D.Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 答案：C 32 33 34 35 解析：推理判断题。第三段最后一句中，Campbell建议必须保持对人工智能的控制。第四段指出，Campbell期望科技公司和世界领导人与当前正在开发它的所有专家保持一致，并表示人类处在历史的“转折点”，必须立即采取行动，以防止面临灭绝级别的事件。这表明了她呼吁人们共同努力来控制人工智能的发展，以避免潜在的灾难。C项中的keep it under control同义替换文中的keep control of artificial intelligence。 32 33 34 35 35.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A.To recommend a book on AI. B.To give a brief account of AI history. C.To clarify the definition of AI. D.To honor an outstanding AI expert. 答案：A 32 33 34 35 解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍了新书《人工智能设计》；第二段介绍了本书作者的背景；第三段和第四段概述了书中的主要论点和观点及其意义；第五段进行总结，再次强烈推荐这本书。由此可知，作者写这篇文章是为了推荐一本有关AI的书。 32 33 34 35 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ v.处理 2. __________ n.学者 3. __________ adj.主导的 4. __________ prep.鉴于 5.capable adj.有能力的→__________ n.能力，才能；容积 6.competent adj.有能力的→_____________ n.能力；胜任 7.prior adj.先前的→_________ n.优先事项，当务之急，首要事情 8.clarify vt.澄清；阐明→____________ n.澄清；说明；解释 process academic dominant given capacity competence priority clarification (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 1.In the wrong hands，such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but，thankfully，Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.(power基本义：n.权力；功率；能；能力)__________ 2.To honor an outstanding AI expert.(honor基本义：n.荣誉；尊敬 v.尊敬) __________ v.驱动 v.表彰 (三)词块积累 1.take action __________ 2.artificial intelligence __________ 3.come in __________ 4.address the challenges __________ 5.translate the heady into the understandable _______________________________________ 6.from the practical angle ______________ 7.make for a guide ________________ 采取行动 人工智能 出现 应对挑战 将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容 从现实的角度 成为一个向导 55 8.by the close __________ 9.set out to raise awareness of AI and its future ________________________________________ 10.keep control of artificial intelligence _________________ 11.risk being sidelined ______________________ 12.wake up __________ 13.on the same page __________________________ 14.tipping point __________________ 结束时 着手提高人们对人工智能及其未来的认识 控制人工智能 冒被边缘化的风险 唤醒 意见一致；在统一战线上 引爆点，爆发点 56 15.pan out ____________________ 16.global regulation _____________ 17.enable us to achieve greatness ___________________________ 18.be packed with complex codes _________________ 19.step-by-step instruction ___________________ 20.make joint efforts to keep it under control ___________________ 21.give a brief account of AI history ________________________ 以一定方式发展 全球性监管 使我们能够实现伟大(的事情) 充满复杂的密码 循序渐进的指导 共同努力控制局面 简要介绍人工智能的历史 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI. [结构分析]　making for...as AI是非谓语短语作伴随状语，其中嵌入两个which引导的定语从句，都修饰先行词 guide。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 她从商业人士(而非学者)的实用角度出发，使得这本指南通俗易懂、内容丰富，读完之后，你会觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。 Passage 2　阅读理解(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·C) 　　Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history，in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.In artists’ representations of books and reading，we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.  In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can all relate to.  60 Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智)，wealth or faith of the subject.Before the wide use of the printing press，books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right.More recently，as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway，artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers，pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.  61 Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.From a 21st-century point of view，the printed book is certainly ancient，but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader.To serve its function，a book must be activated by a user：the cover opened，the pages parted，the contents reviewed，perhaps notes written down or words underlined.And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked，a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，“off-line” activity.  62 　　[语篇解读]　《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》让我们看到了超越文化与时间的共同人性。网络化的生活中，电子书的推广并不能取代印刷书的使用，阅读印刷书仍然是完全私人的活动。 28.Where is the text most probably taken from? A.An introduction to a book. B.An essay on the art of writing. C.A guidebook to a museum. D.A review of modern paintings. 答案：A 28 29 30 31 解析：文章出处题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers is a celebration...three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”可知，《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可以推知，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。 28 29 30 31 29.What are the selected artworks about? A.Wealth and intellect. B.Home and school. C.Books and reading. D.Work and leisure. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句和第二句“We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school...the generations.”可知，被选中的艺术品强调的是图书和阅读，故C项正确。 28 29 30 31 30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Understand.　　　　 B.Paint. C.Seize. D.Transform. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段尾句“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can all relate to.”中的but表达的语境可知，这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了我们都能理解的时刻。故画线词意为“理解”，A项正确。 28 29 30 31 31.What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? A.The printed book is not totally out of date. B.Technology has changed the way we read. C.Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D.People now rarely have the patience to read. 答案：A 28 29 30 31 解析：推理判断题。根据本文最后一句可知，在我们日益网络化的生活中，我们所消费的信息被监控和跟踪，与之相反，印刷书仍然提供了一个完全私人的、“离线”活动的机会。该句强调了印刷书的价值。据此可知，作者提及电子书旨在说明印刷书并未完全过时，故A项正确。 28 29 30 31 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ n.庆典，庆祝活动；庆祝；颂扬 2. __________ n.对象；目的；目标；物体；宾语 v.反对；不同意(和to连用) 3. __________ prep.遍及；各处；自始至终；贯穿整个时期 adv.始终；处处；在所有方面 4. __________ n.纪元，年代 celebration object throughout era 5. __________ n.场景，背景 6. __________ n.休闲 7. __________ n.信仰；信心；信任；诚意 8. __________ n.财富；珍宝 vt.珍藏；珍视 9. _____________ adj.廉价的；不昂贵的 10. __________ adj.过时的；陈旧的 11. __________ vt.使活动；激活 12. __________ v.分别；分离；分开；离开 setting leisure faith treasure inexpensive outdated activate part 13. ____________ adv.越来越多地；不断增加地 14. __________ v.将……连接成网络 n.网络；关系网 15. __________ v.监控；监视；监听 16. __________ v.追踪 17.consume vt.消费；消耗；吃完→__________ n.消费者 →______________ n.消费；消耗 18.emphasize v.强调→__________ n.强调→__________ (pl.)n.强调 increasingly network monitor track consumer consumption emphasis emphases 72 19.arrange vt.排列；布置→_____________ n.安排；排列 20.symbolically adv.象征性地，象征意义地→__________ adj.象征 的，符号的→__________ v.象征，用符号表示→__________ n.象征，标志；符号 arrangement symbolic symbolize symbol 73 (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 1.In artists’ representations of books and reading，we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.(representation基本 义：n.代表；陈述) __________ 2.More recently，as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway，artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers，pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.(raw基本义：adj.生的) _______________ n.描述 adj.未经处理的 (三)词块积累 1.long before __________ 2.come into being __________ 3.shared humanity ________________ 4.go beyond culture and time ________________ 5.the raw material__________ 6.transform...into... ___________________ 7.from a 21st-century point of view ________________ 很久以前 形成 共同(有)的人性 超越文化和时间 原材料 把……转化成…… 从21世纪的角度 8.in contrast to our increasingly networked lives _____________________________________ 9.in their own right ______________________________________ 10.serve my function _____________ 11.deep in thought __________ 12.the printing press __________ 与我们日益网络化的生活形成鲜明对比 以他们自己的权利；凭他们本身的实力 履行我的职责 陷入沉思 印刷机 ①Welcome to our school and we have made __________ arrangement for you，my dear friends. ②The professor arranged __________ a student __________ (meet) his new partner at the subway station，who was unfamiliar with our city.  ③你能提前通知我你的计划吗?这样我就可以相应地安排你的访问了。 Will you please inform me of your plan in advance，so that I can ________________________________________?  arrange v.筹备；安排；整理 (四)词汇精研 an for to meet make arrangements for your visit accordingly 77 •arrange to do sth.安排去做某事 arrange for sb.to do sth.安排某人做某事 •arrangement n.计划；安排；筹备(常用复数形式) make arrangements/an arrangement for...为……做安排 78 ◎写作素材 arrange for a car to collect us from the airport安排一辆轿车到机场接我们 express their dissatisfaction with the arrangement对这一安排表达他们的不满 79 Part 2　句型 (一)长难句分析 1.Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. [结构分析]　the book是an everyday object的同位语；represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world是过去分词短语修饰the book。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》是对日常物品——书的颂扬，书中收录的来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品均有对书的描绘。 2.The image of the reader appears throughout history，in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. [结构分析]　the image appears是主干结构；过去分词made作后置定语，修饰art；as we now know them，是由as引导的一个方式状语从句，对前面的books作严格的限定，as不指代任何成分，只起连接作用；them指代前面的books。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 读者形象贯穿整个历史，它早在我们现在所知道的书籍出现之前的艺术作品中就已经出现了。 3.In artists’ representations of books and reading，we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. [结构分析]　shared是过去分词作定语，修饰humanity；that go beyond culture and time是定语从句，修饰先行词shared humanity。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 在艺术家对书籍和阅读的描绘中，我们看到了超越文化和时间的共同人性的时刻。 4.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. [结构分析]　with the book as a focus for relations between the generations是with复合结构作状语。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ __________________________ 我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，书成为代际关系的焦点。 5.More recently，as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway，artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers，pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. [结构分析]　as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway是时间状语从句；transforming covers，pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures是现在分词短语作状语。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 最近，随着书籍变得便宜甚至可以随意丢弃，艺术家们已经把它们当作艺术品的原材料：将封面、书页甚至整本书变成绘画和雕塑。 (二)句型精析 To serve its function，a book must be activated by a user：the cover opened，the pages parted，the contents reviewed，perhaps notes written down or words underlined.为了发挥其功能，一本书必须被用户激活：封面打开，书页分开，内容回顾，也许写下笔记或划下重点。  [句型公式]　句中the cover opened，the pages parted，the contents reviewed，perhaps notes written down or words underlined都是独立主格结构作状语。 ①The guide __________ (lead) the way，we had no trouble getting out of the forest. ②The task __________ (complete)，we had a global traveling. ③Such an able man __________ (help) you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.  ④Many people come to visit the Great Wall every year，many of them __________ (be) foreigners. ⑤There __________ (be) no buses，I had to walk home. ⑥他在课堂上专心听讲，眼睛盯着黑板。 He was listening attentively in class，__________________________. (独立主格结构)  leading completed to help being being his eyes fixed on the blackboard 独立主格结构通常由“名词/代词+动词-ing形式/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语”构成，通常用来表示原因、条件、方式、伴随、时间等，在句中通常起状语作用，有时还可以作定语。动词-ing表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义或动作已完成，不定式表示尚未发生或将要发生的动作。 ◎写作素材 The whole mountain is covered with green and vigorous trees，some trees even having a history of thousands of years.整个大山长满了翠绿苍劲的大树，有些树甚至已有数千年的历史。 第三组 Passage 1　语法填空(2023·全国甲卷) 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Carson借助传统寓言的风格，但是却传递严肃的教育意义，教导人们承担起拯救环境的责任。 89 　　For thousands of years，people have told fables (寓言) 61.____________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 62.____________ (six) century B.C.Yet，the form of the fable still has values today，63.____________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”  90 61.答案：to teach 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语，所以空处填to teach。后面的“or to pass”也是提示。 62.答案：sixth 解析：考查序数词。空前有定冠词the，空后是名词century，所以空处填序数词sixth。 63.答案：as 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词是前面的整个主句，此处表示“正如”，所以空处填as。 Carson uses a simple，direct style common to fables.In fact，her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children.“There was once a town in the heart of America 64.____________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，65.____________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message 66.____________ (intend) for everyone.  93 64.答案：where 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 65.答案：borrowing 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，begins是句子的谓语动词，空处为非谓语，与主语her fable之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以空处填现在分词borrowing。 66.答案：intended 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，is是句子的谓语动词，空处为非谓语作后置定语。be intended for是固定用法，所以空处填过去分词intended。 67.____________ (difference) from traditional fables，Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility 68.____________ saving their environment.  The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However，Carson’s theme is a more weighty 69.____________ (warn) about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 70.____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.  96 67.答案：Different 解析：考查词性转换。be different from“与……不同”，是固定短语，此处作状语，去掉be动词，且空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写，故填Different。 68.答案：for 解析：考查介词。take responsibility for“对……负责”，是固定短语。 69. 答案：warning 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空前有冠词和形容词修饰，空处应填名词warning。 70.答案：be employed 解析：考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。主语a simple literary form和动词employ“运用”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。空前是情态动词，故填be employed。 词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ adv.看似；表面上；看来；貌似 2. _____________ n.共存 3. __________ adj.重要的；沉重的；重大的 4. __________ adj.文学的；文学上的；爱好文学的 5. __________ adj.道德的；道德上的 n.品行；寓意 seemingly co-existence weighty literary moral 6.destroy vt.破坏；毁掉→__________ n.破坏；毁掉→__________ n.破坏者 7.accuse vt.指责；控告；谴责；控诉→__________ n.指控；控告；起诉；谴责；告发 8.intend v.计划，打算，想要→__________ n.目的，意图；打算 9.employ vt.使用；雇用→__________ n.雇员→__________ n.雇佣 者，雇主→____________ n.职业；雇用，使用 destruction destroyer accusation intention employee employer employment (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 　Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.(employ基本义：v.雇佣) __________ v.使用 101 (三)词块积累 1.pass on wisdom __________ 2.be directed at children __________ 3.end with an accusation ____________ 4.warn of the environmental dangers facing society _______________________________ 5.take responsibility for saving their environment _________________________ 6.pass down ______________________ 7.draw attention to important truths ______________________ 8.common to fables _____________ 传递智慧 指向孩子 以指控结束 发出社会面临的环境危险的警告 为拯救他们的环境负责 把……一代代相传 引起人们对真理的关注 寓言常见的 102 ①A number of people have been employed __________ (deal) with the backlog of work.  ②The company was ordered to pay compensation to its former __________ (employ). ③她忙着给花浇水，因此没有注意到发生的一切。 →_____________________________________，she did not notice what was happening.(现在分词短语作状语)  →______________________________，she did not notice what was happening.(过去分词短语作状语)  1 employ vt.& n.雇用 (四)词汇精研 to deal employees Employing herself in watering the flowers Employed in watering the flowers 103 •employ sb.as...雇用某人担任…… employ sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事 be employed in doing sth./employ oneself in doing sth.忙于/从事于做某事 •employer n.雇用者，雇主 employee n.雇员；受雇者 employment n.职业；工作；受雇 104 ◎写作素材 be employed as a secretary被雇用为一名秘书 be employed to take care of the old man被雇来照料老人 the advantage of bringing employment to rural areas给农村地区带来就业机会的有利条件 105 ①The __________ (accuse) was found innocent. ②When a person was accused __________ a crime，his future would be judged by the public. ③那位富人被指责做好事只是为了沽名钓誉。 _________________________________ doing good things only to achieve a good reputation.  2 accuse v.指责；控告 accused of That rich man has been accused of 106 accuse sb.of=charge sb.with指责/控告某人…… the accused 被告 ◎写作素材 accuse me of having an attitude problem指责我有态度问题 be accused of having thrown the game被指责故意放水，输掉了这场比赛 Passage 2　阅读理解(2023·全国甲卷·C) 　　I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World.It was full of ideas that were new to me，so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book.It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college.Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault，Baudrillard，or Confucius better than you—and then try to explain them.  Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express：In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy.It is not an explanation，but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better.The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates，see like Thoreau，listen like Schopenhauer，and have no regrets like Nietzsche.This，more than a book about understanding philosophy，is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences，and he does so with plenty of humor.Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history，and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. 111 The Socrates Express is a fun，sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire，loneliness，and aging.The invitation is clear：Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book.I encourage you to take his offer.It’s worth your time，even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 112 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，重点介绍了哲学著作《苏格拉底快车》，该书语言幽默，陈述直白，却能让读者深刻思考日常生活中的欲望、孤独等哲学问题。 28.Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A.Foucault. B.Eric Weiner. C.Jostein Gaarder. D.A college teacher. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World”和第一段尾句“It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy.”可知，Jostein Gaarder的《苏菲的世界》把作者带进了一个哲学的世界。 28 29 30 31 29.Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A.To compare Weiner with them. B.To give examples of great works. C.To praise their writing skills. D.To help readers understand Weiner’s book. 答案：D 28 29 30 31 解析：推理判断题。通读第四段，特别是该段尾句“This，more than a book about understanding philosophy，is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.”可知，在列举了几位伟大的哲学家后，作者指出，这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习如何运用哲学来改善生活的书。据此可以推知，作者列举几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者更好地理解Weiner的这本书。 28 29 30 31 30.What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A.Its views on history are well-presented. B.Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C.It includes comments from readers. D.It leaves an open ending. 答案：B 28 29 30 31 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段的“This，more than a book about understanding philosophy，is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.”以及最后一段可知，《苏格拉底快车》的思想可以用于日常生活中，故B项正确。 28 29 30 31 118 31.What does the author think of Weiner’s book? A.Objective and plain. B.Daring and ambitious. C.Serious and hard to follow. D.Humorous and straightforward. 答案：D 28 29 30 31 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的“he does so with plenty of humor”可知，该书充满了幽默；根据尾段第一句可知，《苏格拉底快车》因显而易见的简单而吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。据此可以推知，Weiner的书幽默且易懂，故D项正确。 28 29 30 31 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ vt.勾起，唤起；再次引发(感情、回忆等) 2. __________ n.事发地，现场；事件，场面 3. __________ n.过程，进程；步骤，程序 4. __________ adj.尖锐的；锋利的；鲜明的 adv.(用于表示时间的词语后，表示准时)……整；向左/向右急转 reawaken scene process sharp 5. __________ adj.显而易见的，易懂的；貌似的，表面上的 6.interpret vt.解释；演绎(按自己的感觉演奏音乐或表现角色) vi.口译→______________ n.解释，理解；表演，演奏→______________ adj.解释的；演绎的 7.simple adj.简单的；朴素的；易于理解的→________ adv.仅仅， 只→_________ vt.使简化→__________ adj.简化了的→__________ n.简单(性)，容易(性)；简朴，朴素 apparent interpretation interpretative simply simplify simplified simplicity 122 (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 　Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context of one thing they can help us do better.[frame基本义：n.(图画、门、玻璃等的)框架；帧]____________________ v.(以某种方式)表达 123 (三)词块积累 1.more than a book about understanding philosophy _________________________________ 2.encourage you to take his offer ________________________ 不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书 鼓励你接受他的提议 124 (四)词汇精研 scene n.(戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色 ①The moment the police received the call，they rushed to the scene，__________ a traffic accident happened. ②The team’s victory produced __________ (scene) of joy all over the country. ③棕色的岩石、深绿色的松树和傍晚的阳光混合在一起，创造出一种神奇的景色。 The colors of the brown rocks，the deep green pine trees，and the late afternoon sun mixed to ___________________.  where scenes create a magic scene 125 on the scene在现场(=on the spot)；当场；在台上 behind the scenes在幕后；暗中 appear/come on the scene出场；登场 126 ◎写作素材 my mind continues the final scene of reunion我的脑海里继续浮现着重聚的最后一幕 the scene of the accident事故现场 many of the scenes in the book 这本书里的许多情节 127 Part 2　句型 句型精析 Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault，Baudrillard，or Confucius better than you—and then try to explain them.没有什么比那些认为自己比你更了解福柯、鲍德里亚或孔子，然后试图解释他们的人更能扼杀对哲学的热爱了。  [句型公式]　句中nothing...faster than...为比较级的否定形式表示最高级含义。 128 ①I couldn’t agree with you __________ (much). ②No other book has had a __________ (great) effect on my life. ③李洋在班里学习最努力。 →Li Yang studies harder ___________________ in his class.(the other) →Li Yang studies harder ___________________ in his class.(any other) →Li Yang studies harder __________________________ in his class. (any of the other)  →Li Yang studies harder _______________ in his class.(anyone)  more greater than the other students than any other student than any of the other students than anyone else 最高级意义的多种表达法通常有以下几种： •否定词+形容词/副词比较级(+than) •否定词+so/as+形容词/副词原级+as •比较级+than+the other+名词复数 比较级+than+any other+名词单数 比较级+than+any of the other+名词复数 比较级+than+anyone else ◎写作素材 At that moment，nothing could be better than her smile.在那一刻，没有什么能比她的微笑更美的了。 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(教材改编，北师大必修一U1)What is very different is that students in the same class can have different class __________ (schedule). 2.(教材原句，人教必修三U5)After all the scenes have been performed，the class should then give __________ (award) for the best scene，best producer，best director，best actor，best costumes，etc. schedules awards 3.(教材改编，外研必修三U4)Pausing allows the speaker ___________ (emphasize) certain words within a sentence.  to emphasize 4.(教材改编，人教必修一U5)New research data from earthquake zones is helping architects to design safer buildings that will not ____________ (destroy) during an earthquake.  5.A workman must __________ (sharp) his tools if he is to do his work well. 6.If you are not content with our _______________ (arrangement)，please tell us so that we can adjust them timely. 7.Either you or Tom __________ (answer) this question. be destroyed sharpen arrangements answers 8.When __________ (face) with a difficulty，I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages. 9.Although we have met by chance，we do have a lot __________ common. 10.The company was ordered to pay compensation to the __________ (employ) who had been fired. faced in employee Ⅱ.完成句子 1. ____________________________________________ (在一位高中生物老师的影响下)，he took up the study of medicine.  2.She felt she could console the child better __________________ (比其他人).  3.They can neither read nor write，______________________ (也理解不了) such concepts.  4.However，it is not so easy for people to________________________ __________ (每次实现他们的梦想).  5.____________________________ (当我们面对) such a great challenge，we never give up but try our best to find a way out.  Under the influence of a high school biology teacher than anyone else nor can they understand realise their dreams every time When we are faced with/face Ⅲ.语法填空 　　(教材改编，北师大选必三U8)“The Last Leaf” is a beautiful short story 1.____________ (write) by O.Henry.In the story，the two main 2.____________ (character)，Johnsy and Sue，lived in a studio apartment in a three-story building.The author describes the illness “pneumonia (肺炎)” as a person 3.____________ placed an icy finger on Johnsy making her terribly ill.She lay in bed under a blanket，4.____________ (look) blankly at the wall.The doctor took Sue aside and told her that Johnsy had only a small chance of 5.____________ (survive) the illness.Sue noticed that Johnsy wasn’t staring at the wall but was 6.____________ (actual) looking out the window at leaves on an ivy vine and counting backwards.She said they had been falling for days and when the last one fell，she would die.  1.答案：written 解析：空处在句中作后置定语，应用非谓语动词，write与主语 story 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填written。 2.答案：characters 解析：根据空前的数词 two可知，空处应填名词的复数形式。 3.答案：who/that 解析：空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a person，且空处在从句中作主语，故填 who或that。 4.答案：looking 解析：空处在句中作非谓语，look与主语she之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填现在分词作伴随状语。 5.答案：surviving 解析：of为介词，后跟动词时应用动名词形式作宾语。 6.答案：actually 解析：空处作状语，应用副词actually“事实上”。 Sue went to fetch her neighbor Mr.Behrman and told him 7.____________ Johnsy said about wanting to slip away like the leaves.Mr.Behrman said that was nonsense.  The next morning，Johnsy asked Sue to open the curtains and found that 8.____________ last leaf remained on the vine，despite the rain and snow having fallen all night.Johnsy came to realise her foolish thought and started to become healthier.  However，Mr.Behrman died 9.____________ pneumonia.In a snowing and raining night，he 10.____________ (paint) his masterpiece—a vine leaf on the wall outside of Johnsy’s window.  7.答案：what 解析：空处引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中作said 的宾语，表示“……的事物”，故填 what。 8.答案：the 解析：此处指留在藤蔓上的最后一片叶子，last前应用定冠词the。 9.答案：from/of 解析：die from/of为固定搭配，表示“死于……”，故填from或of。 10.答案：painted 解析：此处叙述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子) ①《卖火柴的小女孩》是丹麦作家安徒生写的著名童话。 The Little Match Girl is a famous fairy tale __________ Danish writer Anderson.  ②在一个寒冷的新年前夜，卖火柴的小女孩走在街上，又冷又饿。 On a cold New Year’s Eve，a little match girl walked in the street，_________________.  written by cold and hungry ③她不打算回家，因为她的父亲对她很残忍。 She _____________________ because her father _________________.  ④小女孩渴望温暖，因此她划着了火柴。 The girl was _____________________ that she struck the matches.  didn’t intend to go home was very cruel to her so eager for warmth ⑤在火焰中，她惊讶地看到美味的饭菜被端了上来。 In the flame，she saw _________________ that delicious food __________.  ⑥第二天一早，人们刚走到街上就发现小女孩死了。 ______________________________________________________ they found the little match girl dead.  in astonishment was served No sooner had people come to the street early the next day than Step 2　表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级) ①用强调句升级句② It was on a cold New Year’s Eve that a little match girl walked in the street，cold and hungry.  ②用倒装句升级句④ So eager for warmth was the girl that she struck the matches.  __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Step 3　衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) 　　The Little Match Girl is a famous fairy tale written by Danish writer Anderson. It was on a cold New Year’s Eve that a little match girl walked in the street，cold and hungry.However，she didn’t intend to go home because her father was very cruel to her.As far as we know，so eager for warmth was the girl that she struck the matches. In the flame，she saw in astonishment that delicious food was served. Unfortunately，no sooner had people come to the street early the next day than they found the little girl dead.  ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 读后续写——素材语料积累 【情感细节描写：尴尬与羞愧】 单词 embarrass；embarrassed；embarrassment；embarrassing；awkward；awkwardness；ashamed；shame 词块 blood rushed to one’s face/colour flooded one’s face脸通红；hang/drop/lower/bow one’s head in shame/embarrassment羞愧/尴尬地低下头； cast one’s eyes down垂眼；in an embarrassed voice/tone用一种尴尬的声音/语气；an awkward/embarrassed silence/moment/pause尴尬的沉默/一瞬/停顿 句型 I blushed and looked away，embarrassed.(形容词作状语) 我脸红了，难为情地掉头看向别处。 All the air seems to disappear and she feels as if the whole world were watching her.(拟人) 所有的空气似乎都消失了，她觉得整个世界都在看着她。 He lowered his head and hesitated for a moment，wondering how to hide his inner embarrassment.(分词短语作状语) 他低下头，犹豫了一会儿，不知道如何掩饰内心的尴尬。 The wife stood there with embarrassment and she felt blood rushing to her face.(夸张) 妻子尴尬地站在那里，感到血液涌向脸上。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A 　　(2024·重庆质量调研抽测一)Norwegian playwright and author Jon Fosse has just been awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature for his “innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”. 　　The Swedish Academy credits Fosse as “one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world”，although the 64-year-old originally made his name as a novelist，beginning with Red，Black in 1983.He has since written many works of prose and poetry.“His literary works，spanning a variety of genres (体裁)，comprise about 40 plays and a wealth of novels，poetry collections，essays，children’s books and translations，” said Anders Olsson，chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature. 　　Jon Fosse draws inspiration from his rural living environment and personal struggles，which have deeply influenced his distinctive writing style.Growing up in a small coastal village，Fosse was immersed in the beauty of nature and the vastness of the sea，which filled him with a sense of solitude and introspection (内省) that is reflected in his works.Fosse’s writing discussed themes of loneliness，longing，and the search for meaning in life.Additionally，his battles with depression have enabled him to explore the depth of human emotions and existential despair. 　　“He touches you so deeply when you read his works，” said Anders Olsson.“What is special about him is the closeness in his writing.It touches your deepest feelings—anxieties，insecurities，questions of life and death—which are things that every human being actually faces from the very beginning.In that sense I think he reaches very far and there is a sort of universal impact of everything that he writes—it has appeal to this basic humanity.” 　　Fosse is the first-ever laureate writing in Nynorsk，one of the two official languages of Norway，but only used by just 10% of the population.As The Guardian writes，“Many Nynorsk speakers see Fosse ‘as a kind of national hero’ for his championing of the language.” Fosse’s recognition on a global stage promotes the visibility and importance of Nynorsk as a written standard.It will attract more attention to Nynorsk literature，inspire and encourage Nynorsk speakers to continue preserving and promoting their linguistic (语言的) heritage. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。 Jon Fosse凭借其创新性的戏剧和散文荣获2023年诺贝尔文学奖。他是第一位使用新挪威语写作的诺贝尔奖获得者，他的获奖提升了新挪威语作为书面标准的知名度和重要性，并将吸引更多人关注新挪威语文学，促进新挪威语的发展和保护。 1.What do we learn about Jon Fosse from paragraph 2?(　　) A.His most popular work is the play Red，Black. B.He accomplished various genres of literature works. C.Many famous plays are the inspiration for his writing. D.His language skills earned him the Nobel Prize in Literature. 1 2 3 4 B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“His literary works，spanning a variety of genres，comprise about 40 plays and a wealth of novels，poetry collections，essays，children’s books and translations”可知，Fosse的文学作品涵盖多种体裁，包括约40部戏剧以及大量小说、诗集、散文、儿童读物和译作，故选B项。 2.What does the underlined word “solitude” mean in paragraph 3? (　　) A.Loss.　　　　　　　 B.Fear. C.Loneliness. D.Sympathy. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句的句子结构可知，画线词与“introspection”并列，“that is reflected in his works”为定语从句；再结合下文中的“Fosse’s writing discussed themes of loneliness，longing，and the search for meaning in life.”可知，Fosse的作品探讨了孤独、渴望和探寻人生意义的主题。由此可推知，画线词应表示“孤独”，与loneliness意思一致。故选C项。 3.What is special about Jon Fosse’s works according to Anders Olsson? (　　) A.They show the bond between humans and nature. B.They guide readers to focus on personal feelings. C.They explore the inner meaning of life. D.They touch humans’ deepest emotions. 1 2 3 4 D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“What is special about him is the closeness in his writing.It touches your deepest feelings”可知，Fosse的特别之处在于他作品中的亲密感，这种亲密感触动你最深的情感，故选D项。 1 2 3 4 4.What is the contribution made by Jon Fosse?(　　) A.Finding the importance of linguistic diversity. B.Improving the international status of Norway. C.Promoting the development and preservation of Nynorsk. D.Shaping the basic writing standard of Norwegian literature. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：细节理解题。 根据最后一段可知，Fosse是第一位使用新挪威语写作的诺贝尔奖获得者，他的获奖提升了新挪威语作为书面标准的知名度和重要性，并将吸引更多人关注新挪威语文学，激励和鼓励讲新挪威语的人继续保护和发展他们的语言遗产。故选C项。 B 　　(2024·湖北武汉调研)The greatest irony (讽刺) of the world-wide celebrations held in 2012 to honour the 200th anniversary (周年纪念) of the first edition of the Grimms’ Kinder-und Hausmärchen involves the discovery that most people really don’t know the original Grimms’ tales published in two volumes in 1812 and 1815. 　　If we return to take a closer look at the first edition，we’ll find it was this edition that inspired scholars of folk culture throughout Europe to gather tales from oral tradition and preserve them for future generations. 　　When Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm began collecting all kinds of folk tales and songs at the beginning of the 19th century，what attracted them to concentrate on old German literature was a belief that the most natural and pure forms of culture were located in the past，while modern literature，even though it might be remarkably rich，was artificial and thus could not express the genuine quality of folk culture that originated naturally from people’s experiences and bound the people together.Broadly speaking，the Grimms sought to collect and preserve ancient things consisting of tales，songs and documents. They intended to demonstrate how natural language，originating from the needs and customs of the common people，created genuine bonds and helped form civilized communities. 　　Turning to the first edition，a reader might notice that，totally unlike the final edition of 1857，the first edition collects more genuine folk tales，keeping spoken and raw contents，despite the fact that the language is not as pleasing as that in later revised versions.For instance，Snow White’s mother，not her stepmother，wants to kill the beautiful girl out of envy.The storytellers do not beat about the bush and they tell the truths they know，engaging people to learn from symbols how to engage their realities，even though magic，incredible transformation and cruelty are involved. 　　Lastly，the Grimms’ little-known first edition reveals forgotten voices that are actually deep within us.Therefore，the irresistibility of the Grimms’ tales is that really not theirs，but ours. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2012年举行的纪念《格林童话》出版200周年的活动揭开了很多不为人知的秘密。 5.According to the author，why should we rediscover the Grimms’ first edition?(　　) A.To explore its origin. B.To appreciate its significance. C.To honour its 200th anniversary. D.To remember the Brothers Grimm. 5 6 7 8 B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“If we return to take a closer look at the first edition...preserve them for future generations.”可知，作者认为重新研究《格林童话》的初版可以让我们意识到这本书是如何鼓舞全欧洲的民间文化学者去收集口头传统中的故事并为后代保护它们的。换句话说，通过重新发现这本书的初版可以意识到这本书的重要性，故选B。 5 6 7 8 6.What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about?(　　) A.The quality of the folk culture. B.The contents of the first edition. C.The feature of the old German literature. D.The motivation of the Grimms collecting tales. 5 6 7 8 D 解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“what attracted them to concentrate on old German literature was a belief that the most natural and pure forms of culture were located in the past”和 “They intended to demonstrate...form civilized communities.”可知该段主要讲述的是格林兄弟收集故事的动机，故D项正确。 7.What can we learn about Snow White in the first edition?(　　) A.It is loosely based on the folk tale. B.It instructs readers to integrate into life. C.It is appealing for its beautiful language. D.It exposes envy and cruelty of the stepmother. 5 6 7 8 B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“they tell the truths they know...incredible transformation and cruelty are involved”可知，他们讲述他们所知道的真相，让人们从象征中学习如何融入现实，即使其中涉及魔法、难以置信的转变和残忍。由此可知，初版中的《白雪公主》指导读者融入生活，故B项正确。 169 8.What can we infer about the Brothers Grimm from the text?(　　) A.They were collectors of antiques. B.They kept their style in later editions. C.They thought highly of modern literature. D.They were pioneers in preserving folk culture. 5 6 7 8 D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“it was this edition that inspired scholars of folk culture throughout Europe to gather tales from oral tradition and preserve them for future generations”可知，《格林童话》的初版激励整个欧洲的民间文化学者去收集口头传统中的故事，并为后代保护下来。据此可以推断，格林兄弟是保护民间文化的先驱者，故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) 　　(2025·河北石家庄教学质量检测) This wasn’t the way I wanted to see Rome. Sure，it felt 　1　 to spend New Year there and stand in awe of the city’s attractions. But life wasn’t meant to turn out like this.  I was supposed to go to Rome with my mom back in 2012. However，life had different　2　. A week before our trip，I got a stomach infection，a condition that required a week of 　3　.What’s worse，my mom 　4　 a cough，which later proved stage-four cancer.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 My mom spent the final months of her life　5　 the terrible disease though it was a losing 　6　.After she passed away，I 　7　 a trip to Rome. And 　8　，you never get used to a world that Mom isn’t a part of. You just deal with it because you don’t really have a 　9　.  I spent two weeks doing all the things we had wanted to do. Maybe she wasn’t physically there，but I 　10　 her presence every minute. Her presence also 　11　 me that life isn’t about the things we buy or the money that we have. It’s about making 　12　 with the people we love. They never really 　13　 us since they are constantly influencing our lives in 　14　 ways.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 After my trip to Rome，I 　15　 knew that my mom would always be there because she had forever changed my life in the best possible way.  　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者和母亲原计划去罗马旅行，但是在出发前的一周，作者胃部感染，母亲确诊癌症。作者母亲生命的最后几个月一直在抗癌。后来作者母亲去世，作者独自去罗马旅行，最终领悟到母爱永在。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1.A.surprising　　　　　　 B.strange C.embarrassing D.pleasant 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据下文内容可知，作者和母亲原计划去罗马旅行，但因为一些突发的事情没有去成。再结合常识和空后的“spend New Year there and stand in awe of the city’s attractions”可知，在罗马过新年并且对罗马的景点非常崇敬，这应该让人感觉愉快(pleasant)。 2.A.styles B.plans C.solutions D.excuses 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据上文的“I was supposed to go to Rome with my mom back in 2012.”和下文的“A week before our trip...proved stage-four cancer.”可知，2012年，作者和母亲本应该去罗马旅行，但是生活却有不同的计划(plans)。style“方式，作风”；solution“解决办法，处理手段”；excuse“借口，理由，辩解”。 3.A.research B.training C.treatment D.waiting 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据上文的“I got a stomach infection”可知，作者胃部感染，需要接受一周的治疗(treatment)。training“训练，培训”。 4.A.picked up B.held back C.heard D.forced 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据下文的“later proved stage-four cancer”可知，母亲生病了，染上(picked up)咳嗽。hold back“拦阻，阻挡”。 5.A.examining B.fighting C.studying D.controlling 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据上文的“later proved stage-four cancer”和语境可知，母亲生命的最后几个月都在与癌症作斗争(fighting)。examine“审查，调查，考查”；control“控制”。 6.A.battle B.strategy C.cause D.contest 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据上文的“stage-four cancer”并结合常识可知，这是一场无成功希望的斗争。strategy“策略”；contest“比赛，竞赛”。 7.A.missed B.arranged C.sponsored D.rejected 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据语境可知，母亲去世后，作者安排(arranged)了一次罗马之旅。sponsor“赞助，资助”；reject“拒绝接受，不予考虑”。 8.A.strangely B.fortunately C.honestly D.interestingly 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据下文的“you never get used to a world that Mom isn’t a part of”可知，这是作者发自内心的感受。故选C项，honestly“真的”。strangely“奇怪地”；fortunately“幸运地”。 9.A.guide B.budget C.destination D.choice 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：结合语境和常识可知，对于母亲去世的这个事实，作者只能面对，因为作者真的没有选择(choice)。guide“指南，手册”；budget“预算”；destination“目的地”。 10.A.regretted B.doubted C.sensed D.remembered 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据句中的but表示转折和下文的“my mom would always be there”可知，母亲人虽然不在了，但作者每分钟都能感觉到(sensed)她的存在。regret“感到遗憾，惋惜”；doubt“怀疑，不确信”。 11.A.warned B.promised C.informed D.reminded 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据下文的“life isn’t about the things we buy or the money that we have”可知，作者认为母亲的存在提醒(reminded)作者生活是什么。warn“警告，告诫，提醒”；promise“许诺，保证，答应”；inform“通知，通告”。 12.A.memories B.efforts C.decisions D.changes 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据上文的描述和语境可知，作者认为生活是和我们爱的人一起创造回忆(memories)。effort“努力”；decision“决定”。 13.A.interrupt B.leave C.understand D.desert 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据上文的“I 　10　 her presence every minute”和下文的“my mom would always be there”可知，作者认为他们从来没有真正离开(leave)我们。interrupt“插嘴，打扰，打岔”；understand“理解”；desert“遗弃，抛弃”。  14.A.positive B.practical C.flexible D.normal 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据上文的“Her presence also 　11　 me...It’s about making 　12　 with the people we love.”和下文的“she had forever changed my life in the best possible way”可知，作者认为他们一直以积极的(positive)方式影响我们的生活。practical“实际的，实践的”；flexible“灵活的”；normal“正常的”。  15.A.hardly B.probably C.partly D.eventually 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据上文的“After my trip to Rome”可知，作者从罗马旅行回来，最终(eventually)意识到母亲会一直在自己身边。hardly “几乎不”；probably“大概”；partly“部分地”。 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.2：span v.涵盖(多项内容)；跨越 comprise v.包括，包含 Para.3：distinctive adj.独特的despair n.绝望 Para.4：insecurity n.不安全 Para.5：recognition n.认可；认出 promote v.促进；提倡 preserve v.保护 派生词汇 Para.2：originally adv.最初→original adj.原先的，最初的→origin n.起源→originate v.起源 Para.3：inspiration n.灵感→inspire v.激励 核心短语 Para.1：give voice to表达，吐露(想法、感情等) Para.3：be immersed in沉浸在 B 篇 核心单词 Para.3：genuine adj.真的；名副其实的；真诚的 demonstrate v.证明；证实；说明 派生词汇 Para.3：remarkably adv.非凡地，惊人地；非常→remarkable adj.非凡的，惊人的；显著的　 Para.5：irresistibility n.不可抗拒→irresistible adj.无法抵制的；非常诱人的→resistible adj.可抵制的，可抗拒的 核心短语 Para.3：broadly speaking 大体上讲 Para.4：out of envy 出于嫉妒 beat about the bush旁敲侧击，转弯抹角 长难句 分析 When Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm began collecting all kinds of folk tales and songs at the beginning of the 19th century，what attracted them to concentrate on old German literature was a belief that the most natural and pure forms of culture were located in the past，while modern literature，even though it might be remarkably rich，was artificial and thus could not express the genuine quality of folk culture that originated naturally from people’s experiences and bound the people together.(Para.3) 长难句 分析 分析：本句为并列连词while引导的并列句。第一个分句中when引导时间状语从句；what引导主语从句；that引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的内容。第二个分句中even though引导让步状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰culture。 译文：当Jacob Grimm和Wilhelm Grimm在19世纪初开始收集各种各样的民间故事和歌曲时，吸引他们专注于古老德国文学的是一种信念，即最自然和纯粹的文化形式存在于过去，而现代文学，即使它可能非常丰富，但它是人工的，因此不能表达自然源于人们的经验并将人们联系在一起的民间文化的真正特质。 $$