话题2 健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习话题课件

主题语境一 人与自我 主题(一) 生活与学习 话题2　健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度 1 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 高考真题精研 基础知识达标 写作能力提升 课时作业 巩固提升 2 高考真题精研 第一组 Passage 1　阅读理解(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·C) 　　The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so，I divided the book into two parts.In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.  Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one，I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In doing so，I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters，I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices，which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.  　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，向读者介绍了一本书，该书解释了何为数字极简主义并提供了实现极简主义生活方式的方法。 28.What is the book aimed at? A.Teaching critical thinking skills. B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C.Solving philosophical problems. D.Promoting the use of a digital device. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism”和第二段中的“digital lives”以及最后一段中的“a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle”可知，本书旨在倡导一种简单的数字生活方式。故选B项。 28 29 30 31 29.What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A.Clear-up.　　　　　 B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“step away from”可知，画线词表示“清除，清理”，A项含义与画线词含义相近。 28 29 30 31 30.What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A.Theoretical models. B.Statistical methods. C.Practical examples. D.Historical analyses. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。 根据第四段中的“In the final chapter of part one，I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.”和“You’ll hear these participants’ stories”可知，第一部分的最后一章提供了真实的例子。 28 29 30 31 31.What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A.Use them as needed. B.Recommend them to friends. C.Evaluate their effects. D.Identify the ideas behind them. 答案：A 28 29 30 31 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.”可知，作者建议读者把这些方法当成帮助自己实现极简主义生活方式的工具，即在需要的时候使用这些方法。故选A项。 28 29 30 31 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ n.极简主义 2. __________ adj.详细的；细致的；精细的 3. __________ n.哲学 4. __________ n.基础；基金会；地基；根据 5. ____________ adv.越来越多地；不断增加地 6. __________ adj.大量的，巨大的，大规模的 minimalism detailed philosophy foundation increasingly massive 7. __________ v.遭遇；遇到 8. __________ n.问题；发行；一期；重要议题 vt.发出；发行；公布；出版 9. __________ n.休闲；闲暇；空闲 adj.闲暇的 10. __________ vt.取代；接替 11. __________ adj.盲目的；愚蠢的；机械的 12. __________ adj.特别的；格外的；挑剔的 n.详情；详细资料 13.adopt vi.& vt.收养；采纳→ __________ n.收养；采纳 encounter issue leisure replace mindless particular adoption 14.describe vt.描述，描写→__________ n.描述，描写 15.conclude vt.得出结论，推断出→__________ n.结论；推论 description conclusion (二)词块积累 1.make the case for digital minimalism _____________________ 2.start with an examination of the forces _________________________ 3.carry out your own digital declutter _______________________ 4.draw on an experiment ________________ 5.take a closer look at some ideas _____________________ 为数字极简主义辩护 从对那种力量的调查开始 进行自己的数字清理 利用一次实验 更近地观察一些理念 16 6.be designed to help you act on the big ideas ______________________________ 7.view these practices as a toolbox _______________________ 8.be meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle ___________________________________________ 旨在帮助你实现伟大的想法 将这些实践视为工具箱 旨在帮助你努力建立一种极简主义的生活方式 17 ①The slope is an easy access which is specially designed __________ people with disability. ②This project is designed __________ (help) landless people.  ③Whether __________ design or accident，his timing was perfect. ④为了庆祝春节，人们贴上了一些特别设计的剪纸。 ______________________________ are put up to celebrate the Spring Festival.  1 design vt.计划，设计；意欲；打算 n.打算；目的；意图 (三)词汇精研 for to help by Paper-cuttings of special designs 18 •be designed for sth./sb.为某事/某人而设计 be designed to do sth.为做某事而设计 •by design=on purpose故意地 •designer n.设计者 19 ◎写作素材 special new design features特别的新型设计风格 abstract designs抽象图案 a badly designed kitchen一个设计糟糕的厨房 20 ①__________ his view，now that I have grown up，I should have a say and make decisions on my own. ②Something that I had never seen before came __________ view suddenly. ③Imagination is often viewed __________ the key to success. ④从塔顶俯瞰的景色十分壮观。 ______________________________ was spectacular.  2 view vt.看，把……视为 n.风景；视野；观点 In into as The view from the top of the tower 21 view...as...把……看作…… in view of鉴于；由于；考虑到 in view在视野范围内 come into view看得见，进入视野 in one’s view=from one’s point of view在某人看来 have a good view of清楚地看到；饱览 ◎写作素材 disappear from my view从我的视野中消失 take a more optimistic view抱较乐观的看法 ①This couple treats their __________ (adopt) child as their own. ②We are talking about the __________ (adopt) of a new plan for the picnic. ③他成了孤儿，一个善良的女人收养了他作为自己的儿子。 He was left an orphan and a kind woman ______________________.  3 adopt vi.& vt.收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度；正式通过，表决采纳 adopted adoption adopted him as her son 24 •adopt an idea/a plan采纳意见/计划 adopt sb.as...收养某人为…… •adoption n.采纳，采用，过继 •adopted adj.收养的，领养的；外来的 ◎写作素材 adopt a resolution通过一项决议 adopt different approaches to the problem采用不同的方法处理这个问题 ①He concluded __________ their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan. ②The scientist concluded his speech __________ a saying，“Failure is the mother of success.” ③__________ conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today. ④总之，步行是一种廉价、安全、愉快且容易获得的锻炼方式。 ____________，walking is a cheap，safe，enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.  4 conclusion n.结论；结束；结尾；结局 from with In In conclusion 27 •in conclusion总而言之 draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论 •conclude v.(使)结束；得出结论；断定 conclude...from...从……中推断出…… conclude...with...以……结束…… ◎写作素材 draw some conclusions from our discussion从我们的讨论中得出一些结论 at the conclusion of the programme节目结束的时候 Part 2　句型 句型精析 1 In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.在第一部分中，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先是对使许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受的力量的研究，然后是对数字极简主义哲学的详细讨论。  [句型公式]　starting with an examination of the forces为现在分词短语作状语。 ①__________ (work) in the factory，I learned a lot from the workers. ②__________ (give) more time，he could have finished the exercises. ③__________ (enter) the office，I picked up the telephone and called Jim. ④她坐在窗边，一句话也不敢说。 She sat by the window，__________________________.  Working Given Entering not daring to say a word 31 •现在分词(短语)作时间、原因、条件状语时，多位于句首；作结果、方式、伴随状语时，通常位于句末。 •现在分词作状语时，句子主语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词作状语时，句子主语与过去分词之间是被动关系。 32 ◎写作素材 Dancing in the forest，those leaves look like golden butterflies.在林间翩翩飞舞，那些树叶看上去就像金色的蝴蝶。 33 2 You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你努力建立一种适合你特定情况的极简主义生活方式。  [句型公式]　meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle为过去分词短语作定语。 34 ①Visitors also may take a walk in the rainforest __________ (create) by the volcano thousands of years ago. ②Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount __________ (require) by doctors. ③One great site is Science News for Kids. This site reports science news __________ (cover) a wide range of subjects. ④那些在2023年夏天被大火烧掉的动植物是我们人类的重大损失。 The animals and plants _____________ in the summer of 2023 are a significant loss for us humans.  created required covering burned down •作定语的及物动词的分词形式：现在分词、“being+过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being+过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表示被动。 ◎写作素材 To return to the problem of water pollution，I’d like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2023.为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让你们看一项2023年在澳大利亚进行的研究。 Passage 2　阅读七选五(2019·全国Ⅰ卷) 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了呼吸新鲜空气和接近大自然有益于身心健康。 Is Fresh Air Really Good for You? We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.”　36　 According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.  A.Fresh air cleans our lungs. B.So what are you waiting for? C.Being in nature refreshes us. D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F.Just as importantly，we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G.All across the country，recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 36.答案：E 解析：设空处前讲到我们都是听着人们说的“出去呼吸点儿新鲜空气”长大的，设空处后一句说答案是肯定的。由此可判断，E项“但是新鲜空气真的像你妈妈总说的那样对你有好处吗?”符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。 　37　 If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles (肌肉) and your brain.  A.Fresh air cleans our lungs. B.So what are you waiting for? C.Being in nature refreshes us. D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F.Just as importantly，we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G.All across the country，recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 37.答案：A 解析：根据设空处后的内容可知，如果人们呼吸的空气是远离城市烟雾的干净的空气，那么空气中就充满了维持生命的、让人充满活力的氧气。如果在户外锻炼，人的身体会学会深呼吸，让更多的氧气进入肌肉和大脑。所以本段主要说的是呼吸新鲜空气的好处，故A项“新鲜空气清洁我们的肺”符合语境。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。 Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing (治愈).　38　 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood (情绪).Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.　39　 It gives us a great feeling of peace.  A.Fresh air cleans our lungs. B.So what are you waiting for? C.Being in nature refreshes us. D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F.Just as importantly，we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G.All across the country，recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 38.答案：G 解析：设空后的these places与G项中的recovery centers相呼应，因此G项“全国各地的康复中心已经开始建造康复花园”符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。 39.答案：C 解析：设空处前介绍了接近大自然、看绿色植物对病人的康复有益，设空处后一句讲到“它给我们一种非常好的内心平和的感觉”，由此可推断，设空处应该表达置身于大自然的好处，故选C项“置身于大自然使我们精神焕发”。本设空类型属于细节理解类。 　40　 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin，they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working，and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.  A.Fresh air cleans our lungs. B.So what are you waiting for? C.Being in nature refreshes us. D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F.Just as importantly，we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G.All across the country，recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 40.答案：D 解析：设空处后一句讲到，虽然阳光会使我们的皮肤衰老并受到伤害，但是阳光也能带来有益的维生素D。这应该是呼吸新鲜空气附带的好处，故D项“呼吸新鲜空气的另一个附带好处是阳光”符合语境，D项中的sunlight与设空处后的the sun’s rays相呼应。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ v.使活跃；使精力充沛；激励 2. __________ n.氧气 3. __________ n.绿色植物 4. __________ n.光线 5. __________ v.使恢复精力；使凉爽 energize oxygen greenery ray refresh 6. __________ v.降低；减少；使……降下；缩小；把……放低 adj.下面的；在底部的；低洼的 7.breath n.呼吸→__________ v.呼吸 8.recover vi.康复→__________ n.康复 9.benefit n.& v.优势；益处；对(某人)有用；使受益→__________ adj.有利的；有用的 10.associate vt.与某人交往→__________ adj.有联系的→__________ n.联系；协会；社团 lower breathe recovery beneficial associated association (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 　While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin，they also give us beneficial VitaminD.(age基本义：n.年龄) __________ vt.使变老 54 (三)词块积累 1.turn out ___________________________ 2.a great feeling of peace ___________________ 结果是……，证明是…… 一种巨大的平静感 ①He turned __________ my suggestion without hesitation. ②He promised to attend the meeting，but hasn’t turned ________ yet. ③I’ll turn my shop __________ to my son after I retire. ④The factory turned ________ more products than they had expected. ⑤如果你遇到新单词，你可以向字典寻求帮助。 If you meet new words，_________________________________.  1 turn out 结果是……，证明是……；生产，制造 (四)词汇精研 down up over out you can turn to the dictionary for help 56 turn to求助于； 转向；翻到(页码) turn against背叛 turn down关小；拒绝 turn up开大；出现；被找到 turn in上交；睡觉；归还 turn (...) into...(使……)成为…… turn off关闭(水源、煤气、电灯等) turn on打开(水、煤气、电灯、无线电等) turn over (使)打翻；翻身 turn sth.over to sb.把某所有权交给某人 57 ◎写作素材 turn to trusted adults for support向自己信任的成年人寻求帮助 turn in early早点睡觉 58 ①As a result，she says，some of the injuries __________ (associate) with running，such as runner’s knee，are uncommon among race walkers. ②We often associate social networking __________ Internet addiction in reality. ③The __________ (associate) was formed to represent the interests of women artists. ④如果你与思维积极的人交往，你也会变得乐观。 ________________________________________，you will also become optimistic.  2 associate vt.交往；联想；联系 associated with association If you associate with positive-thinking people 59 •associate...with...把……和……联系在一起 associate with sb.与某人交往 •associated adj.有联系的 be associated with...与……有关 •association n.协会；关联；交往 in association with...与……合作；与……有关联 ◎写作素材 join educational associations in an attempt to better oneself为了提高自己，加入了各种教育协会 be associated with the project 参与这个项目 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. [结构分析]　本句是一个复合句。if 引导条件状语从句，主句为then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen；you’re breathing 为定语从句，修饰先行词the air；which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities为插入语，对破折号前的句子进行附加解释。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 如果你呼吸的空气是干净的——倘若你远离城市的雾霾，空气就可能是干净的——那么空气里满是让人充满生命力和活力的氧气。 第二组 Passage 1　阅读理解(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷·D) 　　According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research，both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份)，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits，the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first，95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began，each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state，the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit，taking more food than they normally would have.However，they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test，in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case，she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test：the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions.If this fellow participant is going to eat more，so will I.Call it the “I’ll have what she’s having” effect. However，we’ll adjust the influence.If an overweight person is having a large portion，I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot，I’ll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim，why can’t I?  　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于就餐同伴会影响人们食物摄取量的研究，结果表明“我跟着她吃”的影响的确存在，但人们也会根据自身对他人的看法有所调整。 12.What is the recent study mainly about? A.Food safety. B.Movie viewership. C.Consumer demand. D.Eating behavior. 答案：D 12 13 14 15 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research，both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.(《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究显示，我们的饮食同伴的体型和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量)”可知，这项最新研究主要是关于饮食行为的。 12 13 14 15 13.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons. C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persons. 答案：D 12 13 14 15 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.(现有的研究宣称，你应该避免和点大份饭菜的、体重较大的人一起吃饭，这项研究与之相反——你真正需要避免的是那些高而瘦且食欲大的人)”可知，此处的beanpoles的意思应与heavier people相反，故D项“高而瘦的人”与之意义最接近。 12 13 14 15 14.Why did the researchers hire the actor? A.To see how she would affect the participants. B.To test if the participants could recognize her. C.To find out what she would do in the two tests. D.To study why she could keep her weight down. 答案：A 12 13 14 15 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“To test the effect of social influence on...”及第四句“An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.”可知，研究者雇用这位演员是为了观察她的饮食行为是如何影响这些参与者的。 12 13 14 15 15.On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph? A.How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be. C.How we perceive others. D.How we feel about the food. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“But if a thin person eats a lot，I’ll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim，why can’t I?(但是如果一个瘦的人吃得多，‘我’也会这么做。如果他可以在吃得多的同时保持苗条，‘我’为什么不能?)”可知，我们是靠观察别人的行为来调整自己所受的外来影响的。 12 13 14 15 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ n.伙伴；伴侣；陪伴；指南；手册 2. __________ n.食欲；胃口；强烈欲望 3. __________ n.摄入；吸入量；吸收 4. _____________ n.(尚未获得学士学位的)大学生，大学本科生 adj.大学本科(或肄业)生的 5. __________ n.观众人数，观众类型 companion appetite intake undergraduate viewership 6. __________ n.版本 7. __________ n.状况，场合；事例，实例 8.consume v.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(燃料、能量、时间等) → _____________ n.(能量、食物或材料的)消耗，消耗量→__________ n.消费者 9.conduct vt.实施；进行；执行 vi.& vt.指挥→__________ n.指挥；售票员 version case consumption consumer conductor 10.individual adj.& n.个人的；个别的；独特的；个人；个体 →____________ adv.个别地；单独地 11.adjust vi.& vt.适应；调节→__________ n.适应；调整 →__________ adj.可调节的 12.significant adj.重要的；显著的；意义重大的→_____________ adj.微不足道的；无足轻重的→____________ n.意义；重要性 individually adjustment adjustable insignificant significance (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.(grab基本义：v.抓住；夺得)__________ v.吃 (三)词块积累 1.be contrary to existing research _____________________ 2.help herself to a snack ______________ 3.a large amount of food ______________ 4.follow suit ________________________ 5.hold back a bit __________ 6.refer to ____________ 与现存的研究相反 自己吃点零食 大量的食物 跟着做；照着做；效仿 有所抑制 参考；指代 ①The doctor shares his phone number with the patients __________ case they need medical assistance. ②You had better take an umbrella or raincoat with you in case __________ the rain. ③We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because __________ no case should theory be separated from practice. ④我们在任何情况下都不能违背自然规律，否则我们将遭受无尽的痛苦。 We can ____________________ the law of nature，or we’ll meet endless suffering.  1 case n.状况，场合；事例，实例 (四)词汇精研 in of in in no case go against 81 in case(...)以防；以防万一 in case of sth.如果；假使；万一…… in this/that case如果是这样/那样的话 in any case无论如何；总之 in no case决不(置于句首时，引起部分倒装) as is often the case这是常有的事 ◎写作素材 take more money with you in case of emergency多带点钱以防急用 make an exception in this case此事可以通融 In any case，that’s not the point.不管怎样，那不是事情的关键。 ①This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers carries special ____________ (significant). ②The ability to keep calm is significant __________ handling problems in case of crisis. ③What he has done for the school is very significant. →What he has done for the school ______________________.  2 significant adj.重要的，重大的；有某种意义的 significance for is of great significance 84 •It is significant that...很明显…… be significant for对……很重要 •significance n.重要性；含义 be of significance to...对……有重要意义 attach significance to...认为……重要 ◎写作素材 a highly significant discovery有重大意义的发现 show a significant improvement表明有重要的改进 ①She kept trying to hold __________ her tears. ②We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold __________. ③We were held __________ for nearly an hour on our way by the traffic accident. ④当我觉得自己无法继续努力的时候，你一直在支持我。 _________________________ at times when I didn’t think I could even go on trying.  3 hold back阻挡，阻拦；隐瞒；控制(感情等) back out up You helped me (to) hold on 87 hold up举起；使耽搁；延迟；阻碍 hold down压制；限制；保有 hold out (在困境中)坚持；伸出手；提供；维持；抵抗 hold on 挺住；坚持住；(打电话)别挂断；抓紧；不放开 ◎写作素材 hold on to the last坚持到最后 be able to hold down a full-time job能够保住一份全职工作 4 adjust vi.& vt.适应，(使)习惯；调整，调节；整理 ①We have made an __________ (adjust) to our prices and give you a special discount of 3 percent. ②It took him quite a while to adjust to __________ (live) alone after his parents passed away. ③Adjust your language __________ the age of your audience. ④I believe that you can adapt to the life in Beijing soon. →I believe that you can _________________ the life in Beijing soon.  adjustment living to adjust (yourself) to •adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth.(使某人自己)适应(做)某事 adjust...to...调整……以适应…… •adjustment n.调整；适应 make an adjustment to...对……作出调整 •adjustable adj.可调节的；可调整的 ◎写作素材 adjust to living alone适应独居生活 adjustable seat belts可调节的座椅安全带 5 refer to提到；与……相关；涉及；查阅；参考；移交 ①My doctor referred me __________ a specialist. ②This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to __________ the “night owl” schedule of sleep. ③There is no direct __________ (refer) to her own childhood in the novel. ④你最好研究一下这个例子，并参考下面的解释。 You had better study the example and __________________________.  to as reference refer to the explanation below •refer sb./sth.to sb./sth.将……送交给……(以求获得帮助等)；归功于/归咎于 refer to...as...把……称作…… •reference n.提到；参考；查阅；查询 reference books参考书 make reference to提及 ◎写作素材 refer to the notes查阅笔记 refer to global warming提到全球气候变暖 reference materials参考资料 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 But if a thin person eats a lot，I’ll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim，why can’t I? [结构分析]　If he can eat much and keep slim是条件状语从句；why can’t I是否定疑问句表达说话人肯定的观点。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 但如果一个瘦人吃了很多，我也会这么做。如果他可以吃很多还能保持身材，我为什么不能呢? Passage 2　完形填空(2022·浙江1月卷) 　　When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy-four last year，she started having problems with her 　36　，notably dryness and discomfort.  “I was simply 　37　 a terrible experience，” Ms.Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto.“I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my 　38　 was affected.”  37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 51 52 53 54 55 Ms.Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 　39　 problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in 　40　.“Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 　41　，” she said. “But more and more are suffering and lives are being 　42　.”  Eventually，Ms.Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research 　43　 at Tel Aviv University in Israel.The research team 　44　 Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic，who has done 　45　 work on eye care using stem cells.Seeing a ray of hope，Ms.Burdeyney began raising  for the project with a friend，Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman.　47　，she has raised $110，000 with another $40，000 　48　.  37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 51 52 53 54 55 “I’m trying to get more and more people to 　49　 that there are solutions (解决办法)，” said Ms.Burdeyney，a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after 　50　.“I say there is no old 　51　，there’s only neglect (忽视).Don’t stand 　52　，do something about it.”  Ms.Burdeyney 　53　 that she was hoping to do more for the research project.“I just want to bring 　54　 into people’s eyes and this is just the 　55　.There is still a long way to go.”  37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 51 52 53 54 55 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是患眼疾的老人博蒂尼努力为自己和其他遭受同样问题折磨的人带来光明的故事，传扬了乐观精神和守望相助的大爱。 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 51 52 53 54 55 36.A.throat　　　　　　　 B.skin C.lungs D.eyes 答案：D 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 解析：根据第四段中的“Eventually，Ms.Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research...”可知，此处表示博蒂尼女士的眼睛(eyes)开始出问题了。 51 52 53 54 55 37.A.getting over B.going through C.holding on D.passing down 答案：B 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 解析：此处表示博蒂尼女士正在经历可怕的事情。get over“从疾病(或震惊、断绝关系等)中恢复常态”；go through“经历，遭受”；hold on“固定”；pass down“使世代相传，流传”。 51 52 53 54 55 38.A.story B.treatment C.life D.relationship 答案：C 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 解析：此处表示她感到很无助和不安，因为她的生活(life)质量受到了影响。treatment“治疗，疗法，诊治”；relationship “关系，联系”。 51 52 53 54 55 39.A.similar B.various C.personal D.special 答案：A 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 解析：此处表示博蒂尼女士和一些有相似(similar)问题的朋友进行了交谈。various“各种不同的，各种各样的”；personal“个人的，私人的”；special“特殊的，特别的，不寻常的，不一般的”。 51 52 53 54 55 40.A.turn B.peace C.vain D.silence 答案：D 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 解析：根据下文的“Nobody chooses to talk about it...”可知，她发现他们很大程度上都一声不吭地受着折磨。in turn“依次，相应地”；in peace“和平地，安安静静地”；in vain“枉费心机，徒劳无益，白费力气”；in silence“一声不吭地”。 51 52 53 54 55 41.A.unbearable B.abnormal C.insignificant D.disturbing 答案：C 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 解析：根据上文的“Nobody chooses to talk about it”和下文的“But more and more are suffering”可知，没人选择谈论它，因为它似乎很微不足道。unbearable“难耐的，无法接受的，难以处理的”；abnormal“不正常的，反常的，变态的，畸形的”；insignificant“微不足道的”；disturbing“引起烦恼的，令人不安的，引起恐慌的”。 51 52 53 54 55 42.A.compromised B.forgotten C.substituted D.separated 答案：A 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 解析：根据上文的“But more and more are suffering and lives are being”可知，越来越多的人在受折磨，而且生活也受到了损害。compromise“损害，使恶化”；substitute“(以……)代替，取代”；separate“(使)分离，分散”。 51 52 53 54 55 43.A.course B.program C.paper D.conference 答案：B 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 解析：根据下文的the project可知，此处表示博蒂尼女士了解到一个眼睛研究项目(program)的计划。 51 52 53 54 55 44.A.informed B.doubted C.included D.dismissed 答案：C 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 解析：这个研究小组包括加拿大医生Allan。inform“知会，通知，通告”；doubt“怀疑，无把握，不能肯定，认为……未必可能”；include“包括，包含”；dismiss“不予考虑，摒弃”。 51 52 53 54 55 45.A.part-time B.controversial C.voluntary D.ground-breaking 答案：D 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 解析：根据下文的seeing a ray of hope可知，通过使用干细胞，Allan在眼睛护理方面有了开创性的进展。controversial“引起争论的，有争议的”；voluntary“自愿的，志愿的，主动的，自告奋勇的”；ground-breaking“开创性的，创新的，革新的”。 51 52 53 54 55 46.A.money B.standards C.awareness D.questions 答案：A 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 解析：根据下文的“she has raised $110，000 with another $40，000”可知，Burdeyney女士看到了一线希望，于是她开始和一位朋友一起为这个项目筹款。 51 52 53 54 55 47.A.As ever B.So far C.In return D.Once again 答案：B 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 解析：迄今为止(So far)，她已经筹集了110 000美元，预计还会有40 000美元。as ever“同往常一样，一如既往”；in return“作为(对……的)回报”；once again“再一次，再次”。 51 52 53 54 55 48.A.wasted B.donated C.expected D.earned 答案：C 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 解析：参见上题解析。waste“浪费，滥用”；donate“(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠，赠送”；expect“预料，预期，预计”；earn“挣得，赚得，挣钱”。 51 52 53 54 55 49.A.imagine B.confirm C.remember D.understand 答案：D 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 解析：此处表示她正在努力让越来越多的人明白还是有解决办法的。imagine“想象，设想”；confirm“(尤指提供证据来)证实，证明，确认”；understand“了解，认识到，明了”。 51 52 53 54 55 50.A.retirement B.childbirth C.graduation D.marriage 答案：A 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 解析：根据文章开头的“Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy-four last year”和设空处前的“a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after”可知，Burdeyney女士在退休(retirement)后依然当私人教练。 51 52 53 54 55 51.A.time B.rule C.age D.tale 答案：C 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 51 52 53 54 55 解析：上文提到Burdeyney女士退休后仍然当私人教练，因此此处表示她认为没有老年这一说。 116 52.A.straight B.still C.firm D.alone 答案：B 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 51 52 53 54 55 解析：根据上文提到的Burdeyney女士的积极行为可知，此处表示不要一动不动地站着，要做点什么。straight“直的”；still“静止的，不动的”；firm“牢固的，稳固的”；alone“独自”。 117 53.A.commented B.learned C.reminded D.added 答案：D 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 51 52 53 54 55 解析：Burdeyney女士补充说(added)她希望为这个研究项目做更多的事情。comment“表达意见”；remind“提醒，使想起”。 118 54.A.light B.joy C.color D.beauty 答案：A 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 51 52 53 54 55 解析：上文提到Burdeyney女士有眼疾，再结合空后的into people’s eyes可知，此处表示她只是想为人们的眼睛带来光明(light)。joy“高兴，愉快，喜悦”；beauty“美，美丽”。 55.A.future B.beginning C.truth D.meaning 答案：B 显示原文 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 42 36 51 52 53 54 55 解析：根据下文的“There is still a long way to go.”可知，此处表示这只是开始(beginning)。future“将来，未来”；truth“真相，实情，事实，真实情况”；meaning“(想要表达的)意义，意思”。 Part 1　词汇 (一)词汇识记 1. __________ n.质量 2. __________ adj.徒劳的；自负的；枉然的 3. __________ adj.无法忍受的；难耐的；无法接受的 4. ___________ n.& v.妥协；折中；和解 5. __________ v.代替；取代 6. _____________ adj.有争议的；引起争议的 quality vain unbearable compromise substitute controversial 7.solve v.解决→__________ n.解决办法 8.secure adj.安全的→__________ adv.安全地→ _________ n.保障，保护；保安措施，安全工作→__________ adj.不安全的；无保障的；不牢靠的 9.notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的→__________ adv.显著地；尤其 10.comfort n.& v.安慰，慰藉→__________ n.& v.不舒服；不适 →____________ adj.舒适的 11.retire v.退休；退役→__________ n.退休→__________ adj. 退休 的；退役的→__________ n.退休人员 solution securely security insecure notably discomfort comfortable retirement retired retiree (二)熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的词性和汉语意思) 1.When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy-four last year，she started having problems with her eyes，notably dryness and discomfort.(turn基本义：v.转动，旋转)_______________________ 2.But more and more are suffering and lives are being compromised.(compromise基本义：v.妥协，折中) ___________________________________________ v.到(某一年龄或时间) vt.(尤指因为行为不很明智)使陷入危机；使恶化 123 (三)词块积累 1.have problems with her eyes ____________________ 2.in silence __________ 3.stem cell __________ 4.a ray of hope __________ 5.go through a terrible experience ______________________ 她的眼睛有问题 默默地 干细胞 一线希望 经历一次可怕的经历 124 写出下列句中go through的含义 ①This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. __________ ②As you go through this book，you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience. __________ go through经历；经受；检查；完成；通过；浏览 (四)词汇精研 经历 浏览 125 ③The plan went through，which made us all happy. __________ ④I had just gone through my homework when the telephone rang. __________ ⑤我们的老师为我们选了很多重要的习题，同时我复习了语言要 点。 Our teacher chose many important exercises for us，and____________ _________________________________.  通过 完成 I went over the language points at the same time 126 go against 违背；违反 go out 出去；熄灭 go over 复习；仔细检查 go up 上涨；上升；攀登 127 ◎写作素材 Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love for his family is important.直到他经历了真正的苦难他才意识到对他的家人的爱是很重要的。 Part 2　句型 长难句分析 Seeing a ray of hope，Ms.Burdeyney began raising money for the project with a friend，Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. [结构分析]　本句是一个简单句。Seeing a ray of hope是现在分词短语作状语，表示原因，seeing与Ms.Burdeyney是逻辑上的主谓关系；Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman是a friend的同位语。 [尝试翻译]　______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 她看到了一线希望，博蒂尼开始和她的朋友，多伦多商人米亚仁福曼一起为这个项目筹集资金。 基础知识达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(教材改编，人教选必修二U2)What I saw when I arrived was beyond __________ (describe). 2.(教材改编，人教选必二U5)AI is being used in education，__________ (particular) in online courses. 3.Instead，I saw a tiny woman with silver hair，__________ (wear) an ordinary blue suit. 4.For this reason，he is viewed __________ an outstanding lawyer. description particularly wearing as 5.This sensitive book solves the delicate issue of __________ (adopt) with care. 6.These researchers analysed the result of the experiment carefully，and finally drew a scientific __________ (conclude). 7.Worried and painful，she had to turn __________ a doctor for help. 8.We all thought it incredible that the boy who barely associated with others should apply to join the student __________ (associate). adoption conclusion to association 9.Hearing his son had adjusted __________ school life，the father finally felt at ease. 10.The results of the experiment are of great __________ (significant). to significance Ⅱ.完成句子 1.Leave your key with a neighbour_______________________________ (以防有一天你把自己锁在外面).  2.In the children’s minds ______________________________ (夏天与野餐有关).  3.The child was wild with joy ______________________________ (想到很快就要见到他的妈妈了).  4. ______________________________ (那栋被抛弃的木房子) stood quietly at the edge of the forest.  5. ________________________________ (直到他得了严重的疾病) that he knew the importance of health.  in case you lock yourself out one day summer is associated with picnics thinking of seeing his mother soon The abandoned wooden house It was not until he got seriously ill Ⅲ.语法填空 　　(教材改编，人教选必三U2)Many of us try to change bad habits 1.____________ (quick)，and if we are not successful straight away，we often become pessimistic and give up. In fact，the most successful way 2.____________ (change) is not suddenly，but over a period of time. As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote，“A journey of a thousand miles 3.____________ (begin) with a single step.” One step seems small，but it is essential. To reach the goal of change，a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small 4.____________ (step). After all，it is not easy to break bad habits.  1.答案：quickly 解析：空处修饰动词change。故填副词quickly。 2.答案：to change 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作定语，修饰way，way前有形容词最高级the most successful修饰，因此空处应用动词不定式。故填to change。 3.答案：begins 解析：正如中国哲学家老子所写：“千里之行，始于足下。”本句是一句格言，谓语动词应用一般现在时，且主语为A journey，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填begins。 4.答案：steps 解析：step“步骤，措施”为可数名词，其前有many修饰。故填复数名词steps。 写作能力提升 话题写作——应用文增分练 Step 1　写作要点(根据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子) ①我们都知道，没有什么比健康更珍贵。 As we all know，nothing is _________________________.  ②在我们的日常生活中，保持学习和娱乐相平衡很重要。 In our daily life，it is very important to__________________________ ____________.  ③均衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼可以帮助我们保持健康。 _______________________________ can help us stay healthy.  more precious than health keep a balance between study and pleasure A balanced diet and regular exercise ④很多人经常熬夜看电视或玩电脑游戏。 A great many people often __________ watching TV or playing computer games.  ⑤为了保持健康，我们应该减少上网的时间。 In order to keep fit，we should __________ the time spent in surfing the Internet.  ⑥要求(上网)时间应该限定在一天三个小时。 It’s required that the time ____________________ three hours a day.  stay up cut down (should) be limited to ⑦为了有益于我们的健康，我们应该多做运动，拥有足够的睡眠。 ___________________________，we should do more exercise and have plenty of sleep.  ⑧这将有利于我们的身心健康。 This _______________ both physically and mentally.  For the benefit of our health will benefit us Step 2　表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级) ①用“of+n.”升级句② ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ②用非限制性定语从句合并升级句⑦和句⑧ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In our daily life，it is of great importance to keep a balance between study and pleasure.  For the benefit of our health，we should do more exercise and have plenty of sleep，which will benefit us both physically and mentally. Step 3　衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As we all know，nothing is more precious than health. In our daily life，it is of great importance to keep a balance between study and pleasure. Meanwhile，a balanced diet and regular exercise can help us stay healthy. However，a great many people often stay up watching TV or playing computer games. In order to keep fit，we should cut down the time spent in surfing the Internet. It’s required that the time (should) be limited to three hours a day. In addition，for the benefit of our health，we should do more exercise and have plenty of sleep，which will benefit us both physically and mentally.  读后续写——素材语料积累 【情感细节描写：恐惧与惊恐(二)】 单词 horrible；tense；anxious；anxiety；tremble；shake；dreadful 词块 be on pins and needles如坐针毡；(have) butterflies in one’s stomach忐忑不安；like ants on a hot pan像热锅上的蚂蚁；one’s heart is in one’s mouth 心提到嗓子眼；one’s heart races/beats/pounds wildly/violently with fear吓得心怦怦跳；pace restlessly up and down不安地踱来踱去；hands shake手发抖；palms sweat手心出汗；feel one’s throat tight and one’s mouth dry感到喉咙发紧，嘴发干 句型 Scared and shocked，she couldn’t say a word.(形容词短语作状语) 她又害怕又震惊，一句话也说不出来。 Mary was close to crying with anxiety and fear.(介词短语) 玛丽既担心又害怕，几乎要哭了。 He lay there for a long time，shaking with fear. 他躺在那里很长时间，害怕得发抖。 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)I could feel my heart pounding wildly as I went on stage to collect the prize. 上台领奖时我感到心怦怦直跳。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A 　　(2024·云南昆明“三诊一模”模拟)Almost no one knows the world of competitive climbing like Janja Garnbret，an Olympic gold medalist and eight-time world champion.Having risen to the top of the sport，the Slovenian now is using her platform to raise awareness of the “cultural trap” in climbing.She says it is contributing to a widespread issue with eating disorders. The problem is from an outdated idea that weighing less means you climb faster.Such a mindset has created an environment where young athletes start skipping or cutting down on meals，she says，sometimes to disastrous effects.Despite not having issues with eating disorders herself，she is more than aware of friends and fellow competitors who have damaged their bodies in the pursuit of a thinner figure. “I have to recognize that weight does have some role to play in the sport.I also want to win，but I’m a strong believer that you can do climbing，or any sport，in a healthy way.Luckily I didn’t fall into this trap，” she says. “I was trying hard to help them get out of it，but it didn’t work.It was really hard for me to see them destroying themselves mentally and physically.” It was experiences such as this that inspired Garnbret to post a message on the social platform in July 2023 about eating disorders. The post sparked a huge response throughout the climbing community and attracted support from the likes of US rock climber Sasha DiGiulian. In her message，Garnbret spoke about Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)—a syndrome (综合征) that occurs when someone of any gender has overtrained and/or undereaten for a long period in an attempt to improve their athletic performance，often without knowing the dangers of failing to compensate (补偿) for the energy they consume in training，racing and their daily life.Left untreated，medical experts say RED-S can damage an athlete’s bone health，immune system，and psychological health，as well as his athletic performance. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了奥运会金牌得主和八届世界冠军Janja Garnbret利用自己的影响力提高人们对攀岩运动中“文化陷阱”和普遍的饮食紊乱问题的意识。 1.What does the “cultural trap” in the text refer to?(　　) A.The defeat of eating disorders. B.The pursuit of a thinner figure. C.The idea of keeping daily meals. D.The mindset of climbing to the top. 1 2 3 4 B 解析：推理判断题。 根据第一段中的“the Slovenian now is using her platform to raise awareness of the ‘cultural trap’ in climbing...eating disorders”可知，“文化陷阱”正在导致广泛传播的饮食紊乱问题。再根据第二段中的“The problem is...where young athletes start skipping or cutting down on meals，she says，sometimes to disastrous effects.”和“she is more than aware of friends and fellow competitors...in the pursuit of a thinner figure”可知，一种过时的观念认为体重越轻，攀登就越快。这种心态导致年轻运动员开始不吃或少吃，这有时会产生灾难性的影响。Janja Garnbret非常清楚一些朋友和竞争对手为了追求更苗条的身材而损害了自己的身体。由此可推知，“文化陷阱”指的是追求更苗条的身材。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 2.Why did Garnbret decide to post the message on the social platform? (　　) A.She used to fall into the cultural trap. B.Her efforts to help dieters were in vain. C.Her achievements deserved to be shared. D.She wanted to receive support from DiGiulian. 1 2 3 4 B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I was trying hard to help them get out of it，but it didn’t work...in July 2023 about eating disorders.”可知，Garnbret努力去帮助他们，但是一点作用都没有。她不忍心看到他们从精神和身体两个方面来伤害自己。类似的经历促使她在社交平台上发布了关于饮食紊乱的信息。由此可推知，Garnbret帮助饮食紊乱的人的努力失败促使她在社交平台上发布了消息。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 3.What may lead to RED-S according to the text?(　　) A.Severe mental problems. B.The habit of overeating. C.Over-exercise for a long time. D.The poor athletic performance. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：细节理解题。 根据第五段中的“In her message，Garnbret spoke about Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)—a syndrome that occurs when someone of any gender has overtrained...their daily life.”可知，运动中相对能量缺乏症是一种综合征，主要表现在一些人为了提高他们的运动表现，长期过度训练或饮食不足，他们往往不知道无法补偿他们在训练、比赛和日常生活中消耗的能量的危险。由此可知，长时间的过度训练可能会导致运动中相对能量缺乏症。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 4.What can be a suitable title for the text?(　　) A.The Road to a World Champion B.Rising to Fame on Social Media C.The Challenge of Climbing with RED-S D.Warning against the Cultural Trap in Climbing 1 2 3 4 D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Having risen to the top of the sport，the Slovenian now is using her platform to raise awareness of the ‘cultural trap’ in climbing.She says it is contributing to a widespread issue with eating disorders.”可知，文章主要讲述的是Janja Garnbret利用自己的影响力，通过社交平台发布信息，提醒人们关注攀岩运动中的“文化陷阱”，即过度追求苗条的身材而导致饮食紊乱的问题。故D项“对攀岩运动中文化陷阱的警告”适合作本文标题。 1 2 3 4 B 　　(2024·山西太原一模)Pick up any packaged processed food，and there’s a decent chance that one of its listed ingredients will be the “natural flavor”.The ingredient sounds good，particularly in contrast to “artificial flavors”.But what exactly does the natural flavor mean? It refers to extracts (提取物) got from natural sources like plants，meat or seafood.When consumers see the “natural flavor” on a label，they are unlikely to assume that someone is squeezing the juice from oranges into their bottles.They know even though natural flavors must come from natural sources，it needn’t all come from the plant or meat.For example，orange flavors might contain not only orange extracts，but also extracts from bark and grass.Nor is the common belief true that ingredients extracted from nature are necessarily safer than something artificially made. So if flavors like orange are needed，why not just use oranges? The answer comes down to “availability，cost and sustainability”，according to flavor chemist Gary Reineccius of the University of Minnesota.“If you’re going to use all your grapes on grape soda，” Reineccius says，“you don’t have any grapes for wine making； the products are going to be exorbitant； besides，what do you do with the by-products you create after you’ve squeezed all the juice out of the grapes?” Actually，while chemists make natural flavors by extracting chemicals from natural ingredients，artificial flavors are made by creating the same chemicals artificially.The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple：marketing.“Many of these products have health titles，” says Platkin，professor from Hunter College.“Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavors are healthier，though they’re nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavors.Natural flavors may involve more forest clear-cutting and carbon emissions from transport than flavors created in the lab.” Platkin suggests getting more transparent labeling on packaging that describes exactly what the natural or artificial flavors are，so consumers are not misled into buying one product over another because of “natural flavors”.Reineccius also offers some simple guidance：“Don’t buy anything because it says ‘natural flavors’.Buy it because you like it.” 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。人们在购物的时候往往会选择天然香精而不是人造香精，认为天然香精一定比人造香精要好。可是专家建议消费者不要被天然香精所误导，要去买个人喜欢的。 5.Which is a misunderstanding about the “natural flavor” juice according to paragraph 1?(　　) A.It comes from 100% original fruit. B.It is nothing but advertising tricks. C.It certainly contains extracts made in the lab. D.It is absolutely safer than juice with artificial flavors. 5 6 7 8 D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Pick up any packaged processed food...The ingredient sounds good，particularly in contrast to ‘artificial flavors’.”可知，消费者在看食物成分表的时候，看到含有天然香精字样时会认为食品好，尤其是和人造香精对比。再根据第一段的最后一句“Nor is the common belief true that ingredients extracted from nature are necessarily safer than something artificially made.”可知，大家认为天然香精一定比人造香精要安全，这不是真的。故选D项。 5 6 7 8 6.What does the underlined word “exorbitant” in paragraph 2 probably mean?(　　) A.Popular.　　　　　 B.Expensive. C.Durable. D.Innovative. 5 6 7 8 B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在段中的“The answer comes down to ‘availability，cost and sustainability’”可知，原因分为三个部分。本段中的“you don’t have any grapes for wine making”对应的是“availability”； “the products are going to be exorbitant”对应的是“cost”； “what do you do with the by-products...the grapes”对应的是“sustainability”。只有B项可以说明成本。durable“耐用的，持久的”；innovative“创新的”。 5 6 7 8 7.Why do companies use natural flavors in their products?(　　) A.To cut the costs. B.To promote the sales. C.To advocate a healthy diet. D.To avoid food safety issues. 5 6 7 8 B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple：marketing.”可知，公司使用天然香精是为了营销。故选B项。“To promote the sales”是marketing的同义转换。 169 8.What can we conclude from the text?(　　) A.Gary and Platkin hold opposite perspectives. B.Natural flavors are more environmentally friendly. C.Customers are misled into ignoring labels on packaging. D.Natural and artificial flavors are more alike than you think. 5 6 7 8 D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavors are healthier，though they’re nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavors.”可知，消费者相信有天然香精的产品会更健康，尽管从营养上来讲这些产品和用人造香精的产品没有什么差别。故选D项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了教育工作者帮助学生保持数字健康的五种方法。 171 　　(2024·河北石家庄教学质量检测一)While technology addicts teens to their devices，they are not helpless against the draw of it.Here are five ways educators can support their students’ digital well-being. Explore design tricks companies use.The technology we use daily is designed to catch and hold our attention.Companies know what keeps our eyes on the screen.To help，teachers can unpack design tricks and explain how companies employ features like auto-play to get users to stay on their apps.1(　　) A.Social media is ruining our life. B.Connect them with their inner world. C.Build their awareness of thinking traps. D.This by no means indicates all technology is bad. E.They can pull us toward increasingly extreme views. F.It turns out adults and kids all pursue digital well-being. G.Knowing these can motivate students to get back their attention. 1.答案：G 解析：本段建议教育工作者探索公司使用的设计套路。空前讲“老师们可以分析设计套路，解释公司如何使用自动播放等功能来吸引用户留在其应用程序上”，空处应该解释这样做的好处。故G项“了解这些可以激励学生重新获得他们的注意力”符合题意。选项中的these指代上文的“design tricks”和“how companies employ features like autoplay...their apps”。选项中的attention是词汇再现。 Talk about how technology can increase feelings of anxiety.The decline in youth mental health is associated with an increase in social media use.2(　　)We can help our students by allowing them to consider the benefits of technology and then to think about changing the habits that aren’t serving their well-being.  A.Social media is ruining our life. B.Connect them with their inner world. C.Build their awareness of thinking traps. D.This by no means indicates all technology is bad. E.They can pull us toward increasingly extreme views. F.It turns out adults and kids all pursue digital well-being. G.Knowing these can motivate students to get back their attention. 2.答案：D 解析：空前讲“青少年心理健康状况的恶化与社交媒体使用的增加有关”。再根据空后提到的“benefits of technology”与“the habits that aren’t serving their well-being”可知，科技有利有弊，不能全面否定。故D项“这绝不意味着所有科技都是坏的”承上启下。选项中的this指代空前讲到的情况。 3(　　)Social media can bring the feeling：“All my friends have better lives than me”.Plus，design features like “read receipts” can lead to teens knowing their messages have been seen and stressing about why friends haven’t yet replied.These are classic examples of thinking traps.Identifying them can help teens get rid of some negative thoughts.  A.Social media is ruining our life. B.Connect them with their inner world. C.Build their awareness of thinking traps. D.This by no means indicates all technology is bad. E.They can pull us toward increasingly extreme views. F.It turns out adults and kids all pursue digital well-being. G.Knowing these can motivate students to get back their attention. 3.答案：C 解析：分析文章结构可知，空处位于段首，是段落主旨句。本段主要介绍了社交媒体设计套路中的“思维陷阱”。C项“树立他们的思维陷阱意识”能概括本段内容。选项中的“thinking traps”是解题的关键。 Uncover the ways that AI can play a role in misinformation.AI is rapidly transforming the world.Recommendation algorithms (算法)，which determine what we do and do not see on our feeds and in our search results，can have very real consequences.4(　　)By understanding how these technologies work，students can start to enjoy more benefits of technology.  A.Social media is ruining our life. B.Connect them with their inner world. C.Build their awareness of thinking traps. D.This by no means indicates all technology is bad. E.They can pull us toward increasingly extreme views. F.It turns out adults and kids all pursue digital well-being. G.Knowing these can motivate students to get back their attention. 4.答案：E 解析：本段建议揭示人工智能在错误信息中发挥作用的方式。空前讲“决定了我们在信息推送和搜索结果中可以看到什么和不能看到什么的推荐算法可能会产生非常现实的后果”，空处应该描述后果的具体内容。E项“它们会把我们拉向越来越极端的观点”符合语境。选项中的they指代上文的“Recommendation algorithms”。 Encourage families to have meaningful conversations with their child.Take the time to share with families the topics and resources you’re teaching in class.5(　　)Knowing we’re all in the same boat is crucial.  A.Social media is ruining our life. B.Connect them with their inner world. C.Build their awareness of thinking traps. D.This by no means indicates all technology is bad. E.They can pull us toward increasingly extreme views. F.It turns out adults and kids all pursue digital well-being. G.Knowing these can motivate students to get back their attention. 5.答案：F 解析：本段建议鼓励家长和孩子进行有意义的交谈。空后讲“知道我们都在同一条船上是至关重要的”。F项中的“adults and kids all pursue digital well-being”是对空后的“we’re all in the same boat”的具体解释。故选F。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 　　Incense (香) boasts a long history，1 __________ its roots in many cultures—ancient China，ancient Egypt，ancient Babylon and beyond. People from all walks of life benefit from its countless qualities，whether they use it for pleasure 2 __________ as medicine. with or 　　Since the Tang and Song dynasties，burning incense，hanging paintings，making tea，and arranging flowers have been known as the “four arts for literati (文人)”.3 __________ (make) from seeds，leaves and flowers，incense has been used as an enjoyable 4 __________ (pursue) for scholars. 　　Moreover，medical incense is an essential part of Traditional Chinese Medicine，which considers preventative healthcare as 5 __________ far superior form of treatment when illness strikes. Made pursuit a 　　6 __________ (basic)，medical incense can kill bacteria in the environment，protecting people against infections. It is also believed 7 __________ (possess) the ability to balance the flow of Qi，a vital energy force within the body. Once the medical elements within incense are breathed in，they soon find 8 __________ (they) way into the bloodstream. From there they go directly to the organs 9 __________ treatment assistance is needed. The specific types of incense 10_______ __________ (choose) based on the individual’s condition，aiming to restore balance and promote well-being.  Basically to possess their where are chosen A 篇 核心单词 Para.1：disorder n.紊乱，失调；混乱，杂乱 Para.2：outdated adj.过时的，陈旧的 mindset n.思维模式 skip v.不做；跳过，略过 pursuit n.追求，追逐 派生词汇 Para.1：awareness n.认识，意识→aware adj.知道，意识到 Para.2：disastrous adj.极糟糕的，灾难性的→disaster n.灾难，灾害 Para.5：athletic adj.运动员的，体育运动的→athlete n.运动员 熟词生义 Para.4：spark 常用义：n.火花，火星　文章义：v.引发，触发 核心短语 Para.1：raise awareness of 提高对……的认识 contribute to导致 Para.2：cut down on削减，缩小(尺寸、数量或数目) Para.5：in an attempt to为了 长难句 分析 In her message，Garnbret spoke about Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)—a syndrome that occurs when someone of any gender has overtrained and/or undereaten for a long period in an attempt to improve their athletic performance，often without knowing the dangers of failing to compensate for the energy they consume in training，racing and their daily life.(Para.5) 长难句 分析 分析：句中a syndrome that occurs...performance作RED-S的同位语，其中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a syndrome，when引导时间状语从句；they consume...life为省略that的定语从句，修饰先行词the energy。 译文：在她的信息中，Garnbret谈到了运动中相对能量缺乏症(RED-S)，这是一种综合征，出现在任何性别的一些人为了提高他们的运动表现而长期过度训练和/或饮食不足时，他们往往不知道无法补偿他们在训练、比赛和日常生活中消耗的能量的危险。 B 篇 核心单词 Para.1：decent adj.相当不错的 ingredient n.成分，原料 flavor n.调味香料 assume v.假定，认为 extract v.提取，提炼 n.提取物 Para.4：transparent adj.透明的，清澈的；显而易见的　第7题C选项：advocate v.拥护，支持，提倡 派生词汇 Para.1：artificial adj.人造的→artificially adv.人工地 Para.2：availability n.可用性，可得性→available adj.可用的，可获得的；有空的 sustainability n.持续性→sustain v.维持，保持，使持续→sustainable adj.可持续的 Para.3：nutritionally adv.在营养上→nutrition n.营养→nutritional adj.营养的 emission n.排放物→emit v.排放 核心短语 Para.1：in contrast to和……相比 Para.2：come down to可归结为，可归纳为 $$