第1讲 第3节 情态动词和虚拟语气-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（北师大版）

板块一　词法 专项提能 语法篇 第一讲　复杂多变的动词 第3节　情态动词和虚拟语气 【真题试做】——感悟高考中的语法 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)我迫不及待地想亲自向您展示我的创作,也许我们可以一起享受类似的体验。 I __ show you my creation in person and perhaps we ____ enjoy a similar experience together. 2.(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)如果我没有充分利用这次机会为写作比赛做准备,我就不会获得一等奖。 If I the chance to prepare for the writing contest,I _____ first prize. can’t wait to can hadn’t made the most of wouldn’t have gained 3.(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)如果没有我老师的鼓励,我是不可能获奖的。 Without my teacher’s encouragement,I the prize. 4.(2022·全国甲卷)总之,是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。 All in all,________________________________________________ protecting the ocean. couldn’t have won it is high time that we should devote/devoted ourselves to 5.(2021·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)如果我没阅读英文报Youth,我在英语方面就不会有这么大的进步。 If I the newspaper Youth,I such great progress in English. 6.(2021·上海卷)我建议你先上听说课,理由如下。 I recommend that you the Listening and Speaking course first for the following reasons. hadn’t read wouldn’t have made (should) take 一、 情态动词 考点 1 常见的情态动词 (一)can、could 1.can和could均可表示能力,只不过could表示过去的能力。 I could read when I was three. 我三岁时就识字了。 2.表示请求、允许。在一般疑问句中,could可代替can,且比can语气更委婉,但答语要用can。 —Can/Could I use your computer? —Yes,you can. “我可以用一下你的电脑吗？” “是的,你可以。” 3.can表示具体事情发生的可能,常用于否定句和疑问句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等语气。can表示理论上的可能时,可用于肯定句。could表示推测时比can可能性要小,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。 Anybody can make mistakes. 人人都会犯错误。 (二)may、might 1.表示许可,意为“可以”。 —Might/May I ask for a picture of your little daughter? —Yes,you may. “我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗？” “是的,可以。” 2.表示可能性,might的可能性更小。 3.“May＋主语＋动词原形”表示祝愿。 (三)must 1.must可用来表示必要性,意为“必须”,常用于肯定句中。用在否定句中时,其否定形式为must not或mustn’t,意为“禁止,不许”。 They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. 他们还帮助他懂得人们必须合作,并为实现共同目标而努力。 2.must还可表示“偏偏,非要”,多用于疑问句中。 Must you play the violin at midnight？It disturbs the neighbors! 你偏要在半夜拉小提琴吗？这太打扰邻居们了！ (四)shall、should 1.shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中时,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示；用于第二、三人称的陈述句中时,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等；用于第三人称时,在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,意为“应该,必须”。 You shall have a new computer if you do well in the exam. 如果你考试考得好,你将得到一台新电脑。 2.should表示责任或义务,意为“应当,应该”；也可表示惊讶、难以置信等,意为“竟然”。 I don’t know why you should think that I did it. 我不知道为什么你竟然认为这件事是我做的。 (五)will、would 两者均表示习惯性、经常性的行为,意为“总是”,还可表示请求或征求意见及意愿等。will 用于现在,would用于过去。 Every night,she would sit by the window, deep in thought. 每天晚上,她都会坐在窗前,陷入沉思。 考点2　情态动词表示推测 Since nobody gave him any help,he must have done the research on his own. 既然没有人帮助他,他一定是独自做的研究。 Could he have left the work unfinished? 他可能没有把工作做完吗？ They should be here by now, I think. 我想他们现在应该到了。 考点 3　“情态动词＋have done”表示虚拟 “情态动词＋have done”表示“与过去事实相反” could have done sth. 过去本能够做某事但实际上没做 needn’t have done sth. 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了 ought to/should have done sth. 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做 oughtn’t to/shouldn’t have done sth. 过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了 might have done sth. 过去本可能做某事但实际上没做 You needn’t have watered the flowers because it would rain soon. 你本不必浇花的,因为很快会下雨的。(实际上已经浇了) I could have helped you but I was busy at that time. 我本来可以帮你但是我当时很忙。(实际上没有帮) —The taxi driver is to blame for the serious accident. —I can’t agree more.He shouldn’t have drunk. “出租车司机应为这起严重的事故负责。” “我非常赞同。他本不应该喝酒的。”(实际上已经喝了) 考点 4　情态动词的特殊用法 1.can/could的否定式与enough或too (much)连用表示“再……也不为过”。 You can’t be too careful when crossing a busy street. ＝You can’t be careful enough when crossing a busy street. 你横穿繁忙的街道的时候,再怎么小心都不为过/越小心越好。 2.may/might as well表示“最好；不妨”。 It is raining heavily outside.You may/might as well stay here for the night. 外面雨下得很大。你不妨在这里过夜。 3.would可表示过去的习惯,与used to相比,前者常表示过去反复发生的动作,后者常表示过去的状态或习惯,现在已不复存在。 He would sit in the park which used to be a factory reading for hours. 他过去常坐在公园里读几个小时的书,这个公园过去是一个工厂。 二、虚拟语气 考点 1　if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气  虚拟情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事 实相反 过去式(be的过去式用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形 与过去事 实相反 过去完成式 would/could/should/might＋have done 与将来事实相反 ①were to do ②should do ③过去式 would/could/should/might＋动词原形 I am sorry I am very busy right now.If I had time,I would certainly go to the movies with you. 我很抱歉我现在很忙。如果有时间,我肯定陪你去看电影了。 If I had known her phone number, I would have called her. 如果我知道她的电话号码,我就会给她打电话了。 If it should rain this afternoon,the basketball match would be put off. 要是今天下午下雨,篮球比赛就会被推迟。 [特别提醒]　在if引导的虚拟条件句中,条件句的谓语动词中含有had、were、should时,可以把if省略,把had、were、should提到句首,变为部分倒装句。 Had you (＝If you had) come earlier,you would have caught the early bus. 如果你早点来,你就能赶上早班车了。 考点 2　其他形式的虚拟语气 1.与表示建议、命令、要求、坚持等词有关的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。 The professor suggested that Mary (should) consider applying for the scholarship. 教授建议玛丽考虑申请奖学金。 The demand is that manuscripts (should) be written on one side only. 按照要求,手稿只能单面誊写。 [特别提醒]　当suggest表示“暗示,表明”之意,insist表示“坚持说”之意时,suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气,而使用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。 The old man insisted that he was not ill and that he (should) not be sent to hospital. 这位老人坚持说他没有病,坚持认为他不应该被送到医院。 2.“It is (high) time that...”句型使用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词的形式为“过去式”或“should＋动词原形”,should不能省略。 It’s time that he took/should take responsibility for his actions. 他该为自己的行为负责了。 3.wish后的宾语从句 虚拟情况 从句谓语动词 与现在事实相反的愿望 过去式(be的过去式用were) 与过去事实相反的愿望 had done 与将来事实相反的愿望 would/could/might＋动词原形 How I wish I had a car of my own! 我多么希望有辆自己的汽车啊！ I wish he were here. 我真希望他在这儿。 4.would rather后的宾语从句 虚拟情况 从句谓语动词 与现在事实或将来事实相反 过去式(be的过去式用were) 与过去事实相反 had done I would rather you didn’t mention this to anyone else. 我宁愿你不要把这件事告诉其他人。 5.if only引导的感叹句中,表示与现在事实相反,用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反,用“could/would/might＋动词原形”,表示“要是……就好了”。 If only I hadn’t been involved in it at the very beginning. 要是我从一开始就没有卷入其中就好了。 6.有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来,而是隐含在某些词或短语中(如but、without、but for、but that、otherwise、or等),或隐含在上下文中,这叫作含蓄虚拟语气。 She would have come to see you but she was ill that day. ＝If she had not been ill that day,she would have come to see you. 要是那天她没生病,她就来看你了。 Without your help,I would have failed the exam last week. ＝If it hadn’t been for your help , I would have failed the exam last week. 假如没有你的帮助,我上周的考试就失败了。 考点针对训练 Ⅰ.语法与教材 1.(译林必修一)I wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like. 2.(外研选必二)I expected to feel instantly different, as if I _________ (close) the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world. 3.(译林选必一) This _____ seem difficult at first, but when you finally make your great discovery, your efforts will be rewarded. can’t had closed may 4.(外研选必二)However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it’s important that we (get) a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours. 5.(人教选必二) Adapting to a new culture be difficult.However, you to step out of your comfort zone. 6.(译林选必二)As if that (be) not enough, she returned to the Olympics and won a silver medal in 2016. (should) get can need were Ⅱ.语法与高考 I 1. have worried before I came to the new school,for my classmates here are very friendly to me.Zhang Min is a fantastic dancer.I wish I 2. (dance) as well as her.No one 3. be compared with her in dancing.Jack is more of a talker than a doer.Teachers always tell him it’s high time that he 4._____________ (do) something instead of just talking.Every time I get close enough to hear them speaking Chinese,I 5. say “Ni Hao” to them. needn’t danced can did/should do will Teachers recommend that parents 6. ________________ (not,allow) their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Students 7. obey school rules.Every student must wear the school uniform while at school.If a student 8. __ (not,wear) the school uniform,he would be punished immediately.According to the rules,students 9. get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship.It is beyond my imagination that students here 10. be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me. (should) not allow must didn’t wear shall should Ⅲ.语法与写作 根据中文提示补全作文,并注意其中情态动词的使用。 Recently, a survey on students’ participation in housework has been conducted in our school, revealing that only 18% of students regularly engage in housework, with 17% doing so occasionally, and 65% not participating at all. Some reasons are likely to take responsibility for this situation. Firstly, the busy schedules often leave students with little free time. Besides,1.________________________________________________________________________________________________________(家长可能不希望子女协助做家务,进一步减少学生参与的机会). parents may not expect their children to assist with housework, further reducing the chances for students to participate Personally, for students, it’s important to do regular housework, 2. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________(这不但可以帮助他们学习生活技巧,感恩父母的努力,还可以培养他们的责任感和独立意识). 3._______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ (学校和家长应该鼓励学生经常参与家务劳动,帮助他们成长为负责任的人). which can help them not only learn life skills and appreciate parents’ efforts but also develop a sense of responsibility and independence Schools and parents should encourage students to participate in housework regularly to help them grow into responsible individuals $$