选修4 UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（北师大版）

选择性必修第四册 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 主题语境　社会交往 1 【单元主题　创意背记】 板块一　词句背诵 重难点词汇 ◆四级词汇 annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的 (vt.annoy) 　What annoys sb.most is that...最让某人生气的是…… ashamed adj.内疚的，惭愧的 　(be) ashamed of因……羞愧 背诵默写本 pack vi.& vt.打包 n.包，包裹 warning n.警告，警示；告诫 edge n.边缘，外围 pleasant adj.礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的(反unpleasant) *pile n.一大堆 display vt.展示，陈列 n.显示器；陈列，展览，表演；(特性、情感或能力的)显示，表露 　on display 在展览 　display interest 显示兴趣 greet vt.问候，迎接，招呼(n.greeting) dozen num.一打 *ceremony n.仪式，典礼 appreciation n.感激 　express one’s appreciation to sb.向某人表达感激之情 alcohol n.含酒精饮品；酒 harm vt.伤害 n.损害，危害(harmful，harmless) tax n.税，税款 conclude vt.作出结论，推断出(n.conclusion) 　conclude with...以……结束 　conclude (from sth.) that...推断出…… beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的，有用的 ◆三级词汇 negotiate vi.& vt.谈判，协商(n.negotiation) 　negotiate with sb.about/over sth.与某人商议某事 monitor vt.监督；监视；监测，检测 n.显示器，监视器 property n.房产；所有物；财产 bitter adj.愤愤不平的；带来痛苦的，令人难过的；苦的 remote adj.偏僻的，偏远的 　remote control 遥控 violence n.暴力行为，暴力(adj.violent) bother vt.& vi.(使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼 　bother sb.with sth.为某事打扰某人 　bother to do sth.操心做某事 　don’t bother to do sth.懒得做某事 recall vi.& vt.回想，回忆起 withdraw vi.& vt.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)退出(活动、组织等) 　withdraw from college退学 　withdraw money取钱 soldier n.士兵，军人 bomb n.炸弹 border n.国界，边界；边境地区 panic n.惊恐，惶恐，惊慌 vi.& vt.(panicked，panicked，panicking)(使)恐慌 　get into a panic 使陷入惊慌状态 　in panic 惊慌失措地 temporary adj.暂时的，临时的；短期的(反permanent) midnight n.子夜，午夜 ban vt.禁止，取缔 n.禁令，禁止 　ban sth./doing sth.禁止某物/做某事 　ban sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事 　a ban on...关于……的禁令 tobacco n.烟叶，烟草 cigarette n.香烟 false adj.不正确的，错的；假的，不真实的 invest vi.& vt.投资(n.investment) resolve vt.解决(问题、困难)(n.resolution) 　resolve to do sth.决定做某事 annoying adj.讨厌的，令人气恼的 inconvenience n.不便，麻烦 detect vt.发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物) (n.detective) somewhat adv.有点，有几分 assign vt.分配，分派，指派(任务)(n.assignment) tank n.(储存液体或气体的)箱，罐 plug vt.把……塞住，堵塞；填塞 complaint n.投诉 　a letter of complaint 投诉信 　make a complaint about 投诉 vote n.投票(指行为)；票数 resolution n.决定；解决 chorus n.齐声；副歌；合唱团 anyhow adv.(非正式)尽管如此；至少 arrest vt.& n.逮捕，拘捕；抑制；阻止 　under arrest 被捕 　arrest one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 　arrest sb.for...因……而逮捕某人 　get arrested 遭逮捕 *keen adj.着迷的，有强烈兴趣的 　be keen to use my skills 渴望使用我的技能 　be keen on热衷于 murder n.谋杀，凶杀；谋杀罪 representative n.代表，代理人(v.represent) distribute vt.分发，分配，分送 　distribute...to...把……分给…… 　distribute...among...在……中分发…… 　be widely distributed all over the country广泛分布在全国各地 ward n.病房 incident n.(尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的)事件 ◆一级词汇 *compromise n.折中，妥协 inquire vi.& vt.询问，打听 　inquire about the position询问关于这个职位的信息 maturity n.成熟 self-control n.自制力；自我控制 *drummer n.鼓手 *drum vi.击鼓，打鼓 cease vt.& vi.停止，终止，结束 departure n.离开，起程(反arrival) prejudiced adj.有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的 tailor n.(男装)裁缝 literally adv.确实地 tolerate vt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容 　tolerate doing sth.容忍做某事 *balcony n.阳台 unsuspecting adj.无提防之心的，无疑心的 violently adv.激烈地，剧烈地；凶猛地，暴力地 firmly adv.坚定地，坚决地 general n.将军，上将 *trench n.战壕，堑壕 frontier n.国界，边境 *flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)逃离，逃走 　flee the burning hotel 逃出了失火的旅馆 　flee to the mountains 逃到山上 weep vi.& vt.(wept，wept)哭泣，流(泪) civilian n.平民，老百姓 　machine gun 机关枪 pray vi.& vt.祈求，祈祷 identification n.身份证明(文件) mud n.泥，烂泥 surgeon n.外科医生 fried adj.油炸的，油煎的 desirable adj.理想的，值得拥有的；值得做的 *obesity n.肥胖(症) sacred adj.神圣的 permanent adj.永久的，长久的(adv.permanently；反temporary/impermanent) recovery n.康复，痊愈 　make a recovery from...从……中恢复过来 loose adj.松的；宽大的 carpet n.地毯 19 ankle n.脚踝 greed n.贪欲，贪婪 fry n.炸薯条 request n.& vt.请求，要求 　request sb.to do sth.请求/要求某人做某事 　request that...(should) do sth.要求……(应该)做某事 　make a request for 请求；要求 20 核心短语与词块 1.be exposed to 暴露于 2.from then on从那时起 3.go back to normal 恢复正常 4.be prejudiced against 对……有偏见 5.in a flash 立刻，一瞬间 6.present sb.with sth.授/赠予某人某物 7.take sb.in one’s arms 把某人拥在怀里 21 8.be adapted from 根据……改编 9.put forward 提议，提出；推荐；将……提前；向前拨 10.be somewhat remote from reality有点脱离现实 11.a pack of lies一派胡言 12.cease crying 停止哭泣 13.a bitter blow 沉重的打击 14.a remote beach 偏远的海滩 15.a keen sportsman 热心运动的人 22 16.bother her with my problems让她为我的事操心 17.recall his name想起他的名字 18.stand firmly on 确信，深信 19.flee in every direction四散逃窜 20.weep happiness 因喜悦而哭泣 21.a moment of panic 一时惊慌 23 重点句式表达 1.being＋adj.作状语 [教材原句]　Being single，Ma Ming often held parties at night，but the biggest problem was his tendency to drum late at night. 单身的马明经常在晚上开派对，但他最大的问题是常常打鼓到深 夜。 2.动名词(短语)作主语 [教材原句]　Getting enough sleep is important for people’s health and，after such a chorus of complaints，we had to take action. 充足的睡眠对人们的健康很重要，收到这样的集体投诉，我们不得不采取行动。 3.as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as 像……一样 [教材原句]　By the look of them，their trenches were in as bad a state as our own. 从样子上可以看出，他们的战壕和我们的一样糟糕。 4.happen to do sth. [教材原句]　The general was coming to give him the award because he happened to be number 20，000 to come through this hospital. 将军是来给他颁奖的，因为他正好是这家医院的第2万个病人。 板块二　默写练习 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 一、核心词汇 1. ___________ vt.发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物) 2. ___________ vt.监督；监视；监测，检测n.显示器，监视器 3. ___________ vt.把……塞住，堵塞；填塞 4. ___________ vi.& vt.打包n.包，包裹 5. ___________ n.投票(指行为)；票数 detect monitor plug pack vote 6.___________ vt.& vi.停止，终止，结束 7. ___________ adj.愤愤不平的；带来痛苦的，令人难过的；苦的 8. ___________ vt.逮捕，拘捕；抑制；阻止 9. ___________ vt.& vi.(使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼 10. ___________ vi.& vt.回想，回忆起 11. ___________ adv.坚定地，坚决地 12. ___________ n.惊恐，惶恐，惊慌 13. ___________ vi.& vt.祈求；祈祷 cease bitter arrest bother recall firmly panic pray 14. ___________ vt.展示，陈列 15. ___________ adj.暂时的，临时的；短期的 16. ___________ n.(尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的)事件 17. ___________ vt.禁止，取缔 n.禁令，禁止 18. ___________ adj.不正确的，错的；假的，不真实的 19. ___________ adj.永久的，长久的 20. ___________ n.& vt.请求，要求 display temporary incident ban false permanent request 二、拓展词汇 1.negotiate vi.& vt.谈判，协商→___________ n.谈判；协商 2.inquire vi.& vt.询问，打听→___________ n.询问；打听 3.resolve vt.解决(问题、困难)；决定→___________ n.决定；解决→___________ adv.坚决地；坚定地 4.assign vt.分配，分派，指派(任务)→___________ n.任务 5.violence n.暴力行为，暴力→___________ adj.暴力的；猛烈的 →___________ adv.激烈地，剧烈地；凶猛地，暴力地 negotiation inquiry resolution resolutely assignment violent violently 6.tolerate vt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容→___________ n.容 忍；忍受；宽容→___________ adj.宽容的；容忍的 7.withdraw vi.& vt.(使)退出(活动、组织等)；提，取；撤回 →___________ n.撤回；收回；退出 8.greet vt.问候，迎接，招呼→___________ n.问候；招呼 9.mud n.泥，烂泥→___________ adj.多泥的，泥泞的 10.distribute vt.分发，分配，分送→___________ n.分配；分布 tolerance tolerant withdrawal greeting muddy distribution 31 11.harm vt.伤害 n.损害，危害→_________ adj.有害的→__________ adj.无害的 12.invest vi.& vt.投资→___________ n.投资 13.conclude vt.作出结论，推断出→___________ n.结论；推论 14.loose adj.松的；宽大的→___________ adv.松散地；宽松地 →___________ v.放松；(使)变松；松开(手等) 15.greed n.贪欲，贪婪→___________ adj.贪婪的 harmful harmless investment conclusion loosely loosen greedy 32 Ⅱ.默写核心词块 1. _______________ 被逼疯了  2. _______________ 暴露于  3. _______________ 从那时起  4. ___________ 采取行动  5. ___________________ 作出决定  6. _________________ 恢复正常  7. ___________________ 对……有偏见  8. _______________ (极度)厌倦  9. ___________________ 授予/赠予某人某物  10. _______________ 根据……改编  be driven mad be exposed to from then on take action come to a resolution go back to normal be prejudiced against be fed up with present sb.with sth. be adapted from 33 Ⅲ.完成课文佳句 1.He moved out of his rented flat ______________________________ _________________________________.  邻居抱怨他扰乱治安后，他搬出了租来的公寓。 2.Chuc was wounded in the leg and almost unconscious，but ________ __________________________________________________.  杜沙的腿受了伤，几乎不省人事，但他被一堆尸体覆盖，幸存下 来。 after complaints from his neighbours about disturbing the peace he was covered by a pile of dead bodies and thus，his life was saved 34 3.If children see fewer advertisements on TV of people doing these activities，______________________________________________.  如果孩子在电视上看不到做这些事的广告，他们很可能就不会去模仿他们的行为。 4. __________________________________________ making the products creates jobs and brings in large amounts of tax.  人们反对这一想法的一个原因是，制造这些产品创造了就业机会，并带来了大量的税收。 they are much less likely to try to copy their behaviour A reason why people are against the idea is that 35 板块三　语基自测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1.The general banned ___________ (come) out of the trenches without permission. 2.The tailor was requested ___________(recall) all the details of the incident by the policeman.  3.Note： The times listed on the schedules are ___________ (depart) times，not arrival times. coming to recall departure 4.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The task John set for himself was to remove ___________ (harm) substances from some sludge (污泥). 5.Sorry again for the _____________ caused by my carelessness.Can I know when it is ___________ for you to get your parcel?(convenience) 6.Talking with him is a ________，because his character is ________. Everyone is ___________ to work with him.(please) harmful inconvenience convenient pleasure pleasant pleased Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1.I firmly believe it is wise of you ______________________ (对……容忍/宽容) your new roommates.  2.The roar of the wild wolf _________________________(吓得我尖叫起来)，and I wasn’t aware of how to ease _______________________ (压倒性的恐慌).  3.While the government has issued _____________________(关于塑料袋的禁令)，people are still using large quantities of them.  to be tolerant of/towards panicked me into screaming the overwhelming panic a ban on plastic bags 4.I _______________________________________________________ __________________ (从自己的经历中得出结论)，“Family is a life jacket in the stormy sea of life.”  5.He _______________________________ (厌倦了做同样的事情) day in，day out.  concluded from my own experience/I arrived at a conclusion from my own experience is fed up with doing the same thing Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1.因为生病了，我不能按计划陪你去书店。(being＋adj.) ___________，I can’t accompany you to the bookstore as planned.  2.她询问如何做一个像我奶奶一样快乐的人。 She asked how to be _______________________________.  3.那时候，它只是一个小镇，碰巧有古老的城墙和众多的老建筑。 Back then，it was a little town that _________________ancient walls and lots of old buildings.  Being ill as happy a person as my grandma happened to have 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 精读真题提素养 课时作业 41 Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 assign sb.sth./assign sth.to sb.将某物分配给某人 assign sb.to sth./as sth.指派某人做某一项工作/任某一职务 assign sb.to do sth.指派某人做某事 1.assign vt.分配，分派，指派(任务)→___________ n.[C，U](分派的)工作，任务；[U](工作等的)分派，布置 assignment ①I assign him ___________ (meet) the guests in the hotel.  ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Class activities will vary from day to day，but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from ___________ (assign) readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion，so it is important to take careful notes during class. ③She was sent abroad on a difficult task.(同义句改写) →She was sent abroad on a difficult ___________. to meet assigned assignment (1)tolerate (sb.) doing...容忍(某人)做…… (2)be tolerant of/towards对……容忍/宽容 2.tolerate vt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容(stand，bear，put up with)→_________ adj.忍受的，容忍的；宽容的→__________ n.容忍；忍受；忍耐力 tolerant tolerance ①I literally wouldn’t tolerate _____________ (wake) up by the noise of drum at midnight.  ②However，we can be tolerant ___________ delay，for ordinary living requires some ___________ (tolerate). ③When he went abroad，he found the new surroundings hard to bear.(同义句改写) →When he went abroad，he found the new surroundings hard to _______________________.  being woken of/towards tolerance tolerate/put up with/stand (1)in panic惊慌失措地 get into a panic陷入恐慌 (2)panic sb.into doing sth.使某人惊慌地做某事 3.panic vi. & vt.(panicked，panicked，panicking)(使)惊慌 n.惊恐，惶恐，惊慌(alarm) ①Brandon quickly realized what had happened.“No，Louie can barely swim，” he ___________ (panic)，his mind almost going blank. ②We will not be panicked ___________ making a decision before we have considered all the evidence. ③看到厨房冒烟，我顿时慌了手脚。 ________________________ when I saw smoke coming out of the kitchen.  panicked into I panicked/got into a panic (1)distribute...to/among...把……分发给…… (2)the distribution of...……的分布 4.distribute vt.分发，分配，分送→_____________ n.分发；分 配；分布→___________ n.经销商 distribution distributor ①The rescuers ___________ the supplies ___________ the people affected by the flood event，but some people were not satisfied with the ___________.(distribute) ②We were divided into several groups to discuss the topic.(同义句改写) →We ___________________ several groups to discuss the topic.  ③随着高考的临近，我们必须设法以最佳方式分配有限的时间。 With the College Entrance Examination approaching，we must try to ____________________________________.  distributed to/among distribution were distributed into distribute our limited time in the best way (1)ban doing sth.禁止做某事 ban sb.from (doing) sth.禁止某人做某事 (2)a ban on关于……的禁令 5.ban vt.禁止，取缔(forbid，prohibit) n.禁令，禁止 ①China has declared a new rule to ban ___________ (smoke)in enclosed public spaces. ②___________ (ban) from the hotel since 2001，Burchill is now welcome to come back，the Fairmont said. ③为了创建更干净的环境，禁止每个人乱扔垃圾。(倡议书) To create cleaner surroundings，everyone_______________________ ___________.  smoking Banned is banned from littering everywhere (1)make a recovery from从……中恢复 (2)recover from从……中恢复 recover oneself镇定下来；清醒过来 6.recovery n.康复，痊愈；恢复；复苏→___________ vi.& vt.痊愈；恢复健康；找回；复原 recover ①The Chinese economy has sustained the momentum of ___________ (recover).Steady progress has been made in pursuing high-quality development. ②This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work，recovering ___________ a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning. ③似乎经过了一个世纪之后，他终于从惊恐中恢复过来，镇定了下来。 After what seemed like a century，_____________________________ _____________________.  recovery from he finally recovered from panic and recovered himself (1)request sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事 request that...(should) do sth.要求…… It is requested that...(should) do sth.要求…… (2)at one’s request (=at the request of sb.)应某人的要求 7.request n.& vt.请求，要求(require，demand) ①As a security measure，you are requested ___________ (collect) your card in person at the SAC.  ②The drummer stopped practising playing the drum at night _______ the request of his neighbours. ③我们被要求小心翼翼地摘草莓，以免损坏一些植物。(活动介绍) →___________________________________ with caution for fear that some plants were destroyed.  →__________________________________________ with caution for fear that some plants were destroyed.  to collect at We were requested to pick strawberries It is requested that we (should) pick strawberries [名师指津]　后面跟从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋) do”形式的动词有： 一坚持：insist 二命令：order；command 三建议：suggest；advise；recommend 四要求：demand；request；require；desire 再加一个敦促：urge [教材原句]　The general was coming to give him the award because he happened to be number 20，000 to come through this hospital. 将军是来给他颁奖的，因为他正好是这家医院的第2万个病人。 8.happen to do sth. sth.happens/happened to sb.某事发生在某人身上 sb.happens/happened to＋ It happens/happened that...碰巧…… ①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)I happen _________ (know) that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.  ②After his complaint，I asked what good things happened _________ him.“Nothing.” His response was what I could expect. ③信不信由你，几个月前我第一次碰巧读《青年报》时，我有一种想一口气读完它的冲动。 Believe it or not，___________________________________________ a couple of months ago，I felt an urge to finish reading it in one breath.  to know to the first time I happened to read the newspaper Youth Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1.Occasionally，I would read a novel that __________________ (assign)，but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading.  2.The parcel was opened and a strange furry animal was released from it，making the girl scream ___________ panic. 3.(2023·全国乙卷)In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor，she was banned ___________ medicine. 4.(2022·北京卷)Fearful that he might have an intention ___________ (harm) her，Helen started to run.  was assigned in from to harm 5.(2022·全国乙卷)By using the latest technologies，drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways，___________ (detect) faults in the rail or switches，before they can cause any safety problems. 6.(2023·全国甲卷)However，Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 7.The overall effects of the publicity have been more ___________ (benefit) than harmful. detecting warning beneficial 8.The salary they offered was especially ___________ (desire)，appealing to people of all ages. 9.I happened ______________ (have) lunch in the school canteen when the conflict occurred suddenly.  10.The town council passed a law forbidding the ___________ (distribute) of handbills. desirable to be having distribution Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1.我不能容忍和凯特在同一间办公室工作，她总是对周围的人抱有偏见。 _____________________________________________，who is constantly prejudiced against those around her.  2.要求那些想参加该课程的人在网上注册个人信息。(通知) __________________________________________________________________personal information online.  I can’t tolerate working with Kate in the same office It is requested that anyone who wants to attend the course(should) register 3.我为前几天和你吵架而深感羞愧，现在带着极大的内疚感写信向你道歉。(“being＋adj.”作状语) ___________________________________________________，I am now writing to make an apology to you with a great sense of guilt.  4.昨天晚上，我偶然翻阅了我的相册，里面的照片让我想起了我们一起度过的快乐时光。 ________________________________________，in which the pictures reminded me of the happy time we spent together.  Being deeply ashamed for quarreling with you the other day Last night I happened to go through my album 5.因此，我真诚地希望你能接受我的道歉，并祝愿我们的友谊像以前一样亲密和牢固。(as...as...) So I sincerely hope that you can accept my apology and wish _______________________________________.  our friendship as close and firm as before Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 1.Special programmes of study are tailored to the needs of specific groups. 　___________ A.专门制作；定做 B.裁缝 C.缝制 A 2.Arrested by the latest electronic toys，the little boy stood in front of the windows without moving. 　___________ A.vt.逮捕 B.vt.吸引 C.n.逮捕；拘留 B 3.If the structure of your speech is loose and confused，chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. 　___________ A.未严加控制的；不严谨的 B.松的，松动的 C.松的；宽大的 A 4.When he selects news of the other kind，he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world. 　_________ A.退出 B.提，取(银行账户中的款) C.撤离 A 5.There is still a remote chance that they will find her alive. ________ A.遥远的　　　　B.远亲的　　　　C.渺茫的 C 6.bitter A.痛苦的　 B.激烈的　 C.寒冷的；刺骨的　 D.味苦的　 E.愤愤不平的 (1)She is very bitter about losing her job. 　___________ (2)I’ve learnt from bitter experience not to trust what he says. 　___________ (3)Outside，a bitter east wind was accompanied by flurries of snow. 　_________ (4)Traditional Chinese medicine usually tastes bitter and is hard to swallow. 　___________ (5)With no one to resolve their dispute，the two sides are locked into a bitter conflict. 　___________ E A C D B 培优2　单元话题写作——人际关系 　　根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 　　I’m sorry to hear that you ①_______________________________ ___________ (被楼上的鼓手打扰了) recently.I know clearly that ②_____________ (这令人气恼).However，your top priority at present is to resolve it as soon as possible.  have been bothered by a drummer upstairs it is annoying 　　Although annoyed，you should first of all ③ talk with him (词汇升级：__________________)，and tell him that you ④____________ _______________________ (再也不能忍受这种干扰了).If it doesn’t work，you can ⑤_______________________________ (向警察投诉).  　　All in all，hope you can get rid of it earlier. negotiate with him can’t tolerate the disturbance any longer make a complaint to the police 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　annoyed；ashamed；prejudiced；bitter；keen；unsuspecting；bother；firmly；panic；appreciation；greed [动作描写]　negotiate；resolve；detect；plug；drum；vote；arrest；tolerate；recall；withdraw；flee；weep；pray；greet；ban；conclude；request 美句 1.Ma Ming felt that they were prejudiced against him.He’s bitter over the fact that people thought of his music as “noise”.(情感描写) 2.While McKay is usually a peaceful and pleasant person，he had been driven to this act of violence by literally getting wet just once too often.(人物描写) 3.We’d be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on!(比喻) 4.He was up there in a flash.(夸张) 美句 5.The calm ended and panic set in.The people began weeping and praying.(动作描写) 6.They greeted each other and shook hands.(动作描写) 7.One of their men，speaking in English，said that he had worked in England for some years and that he was fed up to the neck with this war and would be glad when it was over.(情感描写) 简抱怨说，她再也无法容忍她丈夫的固执和一直监督她了。在那场激烈的争吵之后，简的眼里充满了愤怒的泪水，她瞪着丈夫说“我会给我们找一个更好的地方露营的”，然后走开了。 Step 2　语料运用 Jane complained that she could never ①________________________________ _________________________ any longer. After the fierce quarrel，②____________ ________________________ (with复合结构)，Jane glared at her husband，saying “I’ll find a better spot for us to camp” and walked away. tolerate her husband’s being stubborn and monitoring her all the time with her eyes flooded with tears of anger 一个小时后，她环顾四周，望向远方，却发现自己在这可怕的森林中迷路了，这让她惊慌失措，几乎要哭了。她强忍着泪水，惊恐地站在那里，思考着如何应对这种困境。在没有任何解决办法的情况下，她陷入了绝望的深渊，坐在一棵树旁，不由得痛苦地抽泣起来。 An hour later，she looked around and looked into the distance，only to find that she was lost in the terrifying forest，③________________ _____________________________. She ④____________________________ and stood there in terror，thinking about how to cope with the dilemma.With no solution，she was in the depths of despair，sitting beside a tree， ⑤___________________________ (现在分词短语作状语). which threw her in panic and on the verge of tears managed to hold back her tears sobbing bitterly uncontrollably 幸运的是，尽管遇到很多困难，她的丈夫还是找到了她。简一看见丈夫，就扑到他的怀里，眼泪顺着脸颊往下流。他帮她擦去眼泪，直视着她的眼睛保证道：“我再也不会和你吵架了。” Fortunately，her husband finally found her despite many difficulties.The moment Jane caught sight of her husband，she threw herself into his arms，⑥________________________. ⑦_______________________________ and looked her straight in the eye，promising，“Never will I quarrel with you again.”   tears rolling down her cheeks He helped her wipe away her tears 【动作细节描写：哭】 语料积累 单词 cry v.哭泣　sob v.呜咽，啜泣　weep v.小声哭或无声流泪　choke v.哽咽　wail v.号啕大哭，恸哭　misty adj.泪眼模糊的　watery adj.眼泪汪汪的　tearful adj.含泪的 词块 have a lump in one’s throat 哽咽　be wet with tears/be in tears 泪流满面　be close to tears/be on the verge of tears 快哭了　be filled with tears/tears well up in one’s eyes热泪盈眶　be brimming/blurred with tears泪眼模糊　tears cloud one’s eyes 泪水模糊了某人的眼睛　hold/fight back tears抑制住泪水　burst into tears/burst out crying 放声大哭　cry bitter/lonely tears流下痛苦/孤独的泪水　cry one’s eyes/heart out 痛哭流涕　be in floods of tears泪如雨下　tears roll/run/stream/pour down one’s cheeks泪水滑落脸颊 句型 She hugged her child tightly，her eyes flooded with/full of tears of gratitude.(独立主格) 她紧紧地抱着她的孩子，眼里充满了感激的泪水。 I sobbed bitterly，tasting the salt from the tears that streamed down my face.(现在分词短语作状语) 我痛苦地抽泣着，品尝着从我脸上流下的泪水中的咸味。 Her bottom lip quivered and big tears rolled down her cheeks. 她的下唇颤抖着，大颗大颗的眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来。 句型 He wailed，tears pouring down his face uncontrollably.(独立主格) 他号啕大哭，眼泪不受控制地顺着脸庞流下来。 All the children held out their arms and cheered，with tears of excitement welling up in their eyes.(with复合结构) 所有的孩子都伸出双臂欢呼起来，激动的泪水夺眶而出。 He stood silently outside her room，with tears rolling/running/streaming/pouring down his cheeks.(with复合结构) 他默默地站在她的房间外面，眼泪从脸颊上滚落下来。 精读真题提素养 精读真题提素养/在语篇集训中拓展单元主题 　　•完形填空(2021·全国甲卷改编) 　　It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria，Canada.  Burchill was 　41　 at the hotel on business and planning to visit some friends in the area. They had asked him to 　42　 some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he filled a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was 　43　 that it would be too warm，he 　44　 it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was safe and well chilled (冷却) and he left.  That’s when things went 　45　. “I remember walking down the long 　46　 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls，” Burchill said in a recent letter of 　47　 to the 4-star hotel. “The seagulls immediately went 　48　. They rushed to the window，30 or 40 birds all trying to 　49　 at the same time，and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down；the lamps were falling down. It was a real 　50　.”  Older and wiser now，Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞). “I have 　51　 and I admit responsibility for my actions，” he said in the letter. “I come to you，　52　，to apologize for the damage I had 　53　 caused and to ask you to 　54　 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”  His letter 　55　. Banned from the hotel since 2001，Burchill is now welcome to come back，the Fairmont said.  　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了伯奇尔住酒店时，给朋友携带的辣香肠招来了海鸟，海鸟在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，伯奇尔间接给酒店造成了损失。酒店把伯奇尔列入了黑名单，伯奇尔被终身禁止入住该酒店。伯奇尔诚恳地写了道歉信，请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。最终，他的信起作用了。 41.A.studying　　　　　　　 B.staying C.looking D.packing 答案：B 解析：句意：伯奇尔出差住在(staying)酒店，并计划去拜访地区的一些朋友。故选B。 42.A.sell B.have C.bring D.taste 答案：C 解析：句意：他们让他从美国东部带些辣香肠过来。sell卖；have有；bring带来；taste品尝。根据“So he filled a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，伯奇尔的朋友让他从美国东部带些辣香肠过来。故选C。 43.A.surprised B.pleased C.excited D.worried 答案：D 解析：句意：因为担心天气太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。surprised感到惊讶的；pleased高兴的；excited兴奋的；worried担心的。根据“...he 　44　 it out on the table near an open window.”可知，他担心室内暖和的温度会影响辣香肠的存放，所以把辣香肠放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。故选D。  44.A.dug B.cleared C.cut D.laid 答案：D 解析：句意见上题。dig挖；clear清除；cut切下；lay放。根据“...　44　 it out on the table near an open window.”可知，他把它放在桌子上。故选D。  45.A.far B.funny C.wrong D.blind 答案：C 解析：句意：事情就在这时出了问题。far远的；funny有趣的；wrong失常的；blind盲目的。根据“The seagulls immediately went...and pepperoni—everywhere.The curtains were falling down，the lamps were falling down.It was a real 　50　.”可知，事情就在这时出了问题。故选C。  46.A.beach B.driveway C.hall D.table 答案：C 解析：句意：伯奇尔在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说：“我记得我走过长长的大厅，打开房门，发现满满一群海鸟。”beach海滩；driveway私人车道；hall大厅；table桌子。根据“and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls”可知，伯奇尔走过长长的大厅。故选C。 47.A.application B.apology C.request D.invitation 答案：B 解析：句意见上题。application申请；apology道歉；request要求；invitation邀请。根据“‘I have 　51　 and I admit responsibility...my lifetime ban from the hotel.’”可知，伯奇尔给酒店写了一封道歉信。故选B。  48.A.hungry B.dead C.missing D.wild 答案：D 解析：句意：海鸟立刻变得疯狂起来。hungry饥饿的；dead死亡的；missing失踪的；wild疯狂的。根据“They rushed to the window，30 or 40 birds all trying to 　49　 at the same time，and pepperoni—everywhere.”可知，海鸟被突然回到房间的伯奇尔吓到了，变得疯狂起来。故选D。  49.A.wake up B.get out C.take off D.break in 答案：B 解析：句意：它们冲到窗口，三四十只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是辣香肠。wake up醒来；get out出去；take off起飞；break in闯入。根据“They rushed to the window...”及生活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害怕，争先恐后地想从窗户逃出去。故选B。 50.A.mess B.puzzle C.fight D.challenge 答案：A 解析：句意：窗帘在落下，灯也在落下，真是一团糟。mess混乱；puzzle不解之谜；fight打架；challenge挑战。根据“The curtains were falling down，the lamps were falling down.”可知，现场一片混乱。故选A。 51.A.recovered B.retired C.escaped D.matured 答案：D 解析：句意：“我成熟了，我要为我的行为承担责任，”他在信中说。recover恢复；retire退休；escape逃跑；mature成熟。根据“...and I admit responsibility for my actions”可知，这里意思是伯奇尔认为自己成熟了。故选D。 52.A.hands in pockets B.nose in the air C.hat in hand D.feet on the ground 答案：C 解析：句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。hands in pockets双手插进口袋；nose in the air目中无人；hat in hand毕恭毕敬地；feet on the ground脚踏实地。根据“...to apologize for the damage I had 　53　 caused and to ask you to 　54　 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”及生活常识可知，向别人道歉，应该表明自己是毕恭毕敬的。故选C。  53.A.indirectly B.deliberately C.cautiously D.secretly 答案：A 解析：句意见上题。indirectly间接地；deliberately故意地；cautiously谨慎地；secretly秘密地。根据“The curtains were falling down；the lamps were falling down.”可知，作者携带的辣香肠招来了海鸟，海鸟在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，所以是伯奇尔间接给酒店造成了损失。故选A。 54.A.replace B.remember C.reconsider D.renew 答案：C 解析：句意见52题。replace取代；remember记得；reconsider重新考虑；renew更新。根据“my lifetime ban from the hotel”和“Banned from the hotel since 2001，Burchill is now welcome to come back，the Fairmont said.”可知，伯奇尔请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。故选C。 55.A.arrived B.worked C.ended D.disappeared 答案：B 解析：句意：他的信起作用了。arrive到达；work起作用；end结束；disappear消失。根据“Banned from the hotel since 2001，Burchill is now welcome to come back，the Fairmont said.”可知，他的信起作用了。故选B。 【词汇识记】 1.deserve vt.应得，应受到 2.blacklist v.将……列入黑名单 3.lifetime n.终生 4.driveway n.(私家)车道 5.mature adj.成熟的，到期的 6.blame n.责备；责任；过失 7.deliberately adv.故意；蓄意；存心；从容不迫地 8.cautiously adv.谨慎地；小心地 9.on business出差 10.lay sth.out把某物铺开 11.cause damage造成损害 12.go wrong出毛病；发生故障 13.go wild发狂 14.chalk sth.up to sth.将……归因于 15.nose in the air目中无人 16.hat in hand恭敬地(乞求或请求) 17.feet on the ground脚踏实地 18.mess n.凌乱→messy adj.脏的；凌乱的 19.apologise vi.道歉，谢罪→ apology n.道歉，谢罪 20.apply vi.申请；请求→application n.申请书→applicant n.申请人 21.direct v.指挥；管理 adj.直接的→indirect adj.间接的；非直截了当的→indirectly adv.间接地→direction n.方向；指导；用法说明 22.consider v.考虑；认为→reconsider v.重新考虑→consideration n.考虑→considerate adj.体贴的，考虑周到的→considerable adj.相当大的，值得考虑的→considering prep.考虑到；就……而言；鉴于 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) His letter worked. 　___________ 起作用 【难句分析】 It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria，Canada. [译文选择] A.尼克·伯奇尔被加拿大维多利亚费尔蒙皇后酒店列入黑名单，海鸟至少应该承担部分责任。 B.尼克·伯奇尔被加拿大维多利亚费尔蒙皇后酒店列入黑名单，海鸟才是罪魁祸首。(A) [结构分析] 这是一个强调句型，结构为“It is＋被强调部分＋that”。本句被强调部分是the seaside birds，旨在强调这件事中应负部分责任的是海鸟。 课时作业 课时作业39 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A My son just turned 14 and does not have a smartphone.When he graduated from Grade 8，he was the only kid in his class without one.He asks for a phone now that he’s going to high school.I say no，he asks why，I explain，and he pushes back.  “You can choose to do things differently when you’re a parent，” I told him.But sometimes，I wonder if I’m being too stubborn or unfair. The more I research，the more confident I feel in my decision. Many studies link the current mental health crisis among adolescents to fundamental changes in how they socialize，namely，the shift from in-person to online interaction. But other mothers challenge my view.“He must feel so left out!” Then there are the parents who tell me sadly that they wish they had delayed their teenager’s phone ownership longer than they did.They urge me to hold out. If teenagers between the ages of 13 and 18 are truly spending an average of 8 hours 39 minutes per day on their devices，as stated in a survey conducted by Common Sense Media，then what are they not doing? Kids absorbed in their devices are missing out on real life，and that strikes me as really sad. I want my son to have a childhood he feels satisfied with and proud of.I want it to be full of adventures，imaginative play and physical challenges which he must sort out himself without asking me for help.The easiest and simplest way to achieve these goals is to delay giving him a smartphone. Some think my son is missing out or falling behind，but he is not.He does well in school and extra-curricular activities，hangs out with his friends in person，and moves independently around our small town.He promises he’ll give his own 14-year-old a phone someday，and I tell him that’s fine.But recently，he admitted that he missed the beautiful scenery on a drive to a nearby mountain because he had been so absorbed in his friend’s smartphone.If that is his version of admitting I’m right，I’ll take it. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者反对儿子使用手机及其原因。 1.What does the underlined phrase “pushes back” in paragraph 1 probably mean?(　　) A.Agrees.　　　　　　　 B.Delays. C.Opposes. D.Persuades. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“He asks for a phone now that he’s going to high school.I say no，he asks why，I explain，and he pushes back.”以及第二段的内容可知，作者的儿子要电话时，作者不同意，儿子问为什么，作者做出了解释，由第二段作者进一步的解释可推知，作者的儿子仍在进行反对，推测画线短语表示“反对”，与oppose同义。故选C。 2.What is the author primarily concerned about regarding giving her son a phone?(　　) A.Her son’s online safety. B.Her son’s mental growth. C.Her son’s reduced physical activities. D.Her son’s poor academic performance. 1 2 3 4 B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，关于给儿子一部智能手机，作者主要担心的是孩子的心理健康。故选B。 3.What quality does the author want her son to develop in his childhood?(　　) A.Team spirit. B.Leadership. C.Independence. D.Critical thinking. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“I want my son to have a childhood he feels satisfied with and proud of.I want it to be full of adventures，imaginative play and physical challenges which he must sort out himself without asking me for help.”可知，作者希望儿子在童年时期培养独立精神。故选C。 4.What can be learned about the author’s son?(　　) A.He is falling behind academically. B.He is easily influenced by his friends. C.He has given up his desire for a smartphone. D.He has realized the problems of much screen time. 1 2 3 4 D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者的儿子发现沉迷于手机导致错过了路上的美景，他已经意识到看屏幕时间过长的弊端。故选D。 B Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question，we need to ask a further question： What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity，people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness，Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature，much to their harm.In his opinion，forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others，who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation，mutual respect，and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings，we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love，our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example，how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans，forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness，shown through scientific studies，is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to an extent，the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note，when we take a Classical philosophical perspective，that of Aristotle，we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive，but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving， in real situations，develops with practice. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。 5.What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness?(　　) A.People should offer mercy to others. B.Aggressive people should learn to forgive. C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D.People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. 5 6 7 8 D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness，Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature，much to their harm.In his opinion，forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others，who might then take advantage of them.”可知，Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。 5 6 7 8 6.What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate?(　　) A.To forgive is to love. B.To dominate is to harm. C.To fight is to grow. D.To give is to receive. 5 6 7 8 B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings，we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love，our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.”可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动；奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦。“For example，how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony?”通过以奴隶社会为例，以反问的方式来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。 5 6 7 8 7.What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness?(　　) A.Favorable.　　　　　　　 B.Reserved. C.Objective. D.Skeptical. 5 6 7 8 A 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，作者认为原谅在个体和社区生物学和心理学完整性中起着关键作用，指出原谅能够减少仇恨、恢复和谐，并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到原谅可以治愈关系，让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对于原谅持支持的态度。 131 8.What message does the last paragraph convey?(　　) A.Forgiveness is in our nature. B.Forgiveness grows with time. C.It takes practice to forgive. D.Actuality is based on potentiality. 5 6 7 8 C 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点，指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此，原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) The schools in Massachusetts were thought the best in the country.And an Olympic-sized swimming pool was the 　1　.But it wasn’t for me.  I was quite 　2　 in regular classes and sat in the back so I’d not be 　3　 to read.Each Monday I would walk my way to the back of the 　4　 forming at the diving board so I would not have to practice the dives.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 My blood ran cold when the teacher 　5　 we would be graded for our final by the most difficult dive—the jackknife.I trembled as the line to the diving board　6　.As I watched，each student seemed to perform the dive 　7　.They just jumped at the end of the board once，added a jump for 　8　，folded their body in half，and finally 　9　 out like an arrow for entry into the water.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 I think I was actually in a state of 　10　，because all of a sudden I saw these four steps as 　11　.Then it was my turn.With my heart 　12　，I barely finished as I had 　13　 in my mind.Though I received an average grade that day，I was 　14　 with it.It was awesome to think that I just learned my first dive；　15　，I believed whatever I met in the future，I would give it a try first.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一个很害羞的学生，总是坐在教室后排生怕被老师叫到站起来朗读课文，在跳水的时候也总是躲在队伍末尾。一天，老师宣布期末成绩根据屈体跳水来打分。看着同学们身轻如燕地完成动作，作者也克服恐惧，完成了自己的第一次跳水。自此认识到了无论以后遇到什么，都要敢于尝试。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1.A.biggest B.focus C.proof D.best 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据上文中的“The schools in Massachusetts were thought the best in the country.”可知，马萨诸塞州的学校被认为是最好的。因此“an Olympic size swimming pool”便是最好的证明(proof)。biggest“最大的”；focus“焦点”；best“最好的”。 2.A.shy B.autonomous C.consistent D.dull 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据下文中的“...sat in the back...so I would not have to practice the dives.”可知，作者是一个害羞的(shy)孩子。autonomous“自治的”；consistent“一致的”；dull“无聊的”。 3.A.called in B.called upon C.pulled up D.pulled apart 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据上文中的“I was quite 　2　 in regular classes and sat in the back”可知，作者很害羞，因此平时上课坐在后排是为了避免被老师要求(called upon)朗读。call in“叫来；打电话来(工作单位等)”；pull up“慢慢停下”；pull apart“拆散”。  4.A.seat B.room C.pool D.line 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据下文中的“I trembled as the line to the diving board”可知，作者总是在跳板前排起的队伍(line)末尾排着，从而可以不必非得练习跳水。 5.A.claimed B.instructed C.suggested D.announced 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据常识和空后的“we would be graded for our final by the most difficult dive”可知，此处表示老师宣布(announced)要用最难的跳水来给期末考试的成绩打分。claim“声称”；instruct“指示”。 6.A.lengthened B.shortened C.formed D.disappeared 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据上文可知，作者是一个害羞的学生。结合下文中的“As I watched，each student seemed to perform the dive”可知，排队的每个学生都在练习，因此，随着队伍越来越短(shortened)，也就是快轮到作者的时候，作者浑身颤抖。lengthen“(使)变长”；form“(使)形成”；disappear “消失”。 7.A.effortlessly B.undoubtedly C.hopelessly D.unbelievably 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据下文中的“They just jumped...like an arrow for entry into the water.”可知，似乎每个同学都毫不费力地(effortlessly)完成了最难的动作。undoubtedly“无疑”；hopelessly“绝望地”；unbelievably“难以置信地”。 8.A.grades B.dive C.height D.action 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据常识可知，同学们增加跳跃是为了提升高度(height)，以便完成屈体跳水。 9.A.jumped B.stuck C.reached D.straightened 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据常识和空后的比喻“like an arrow for entry into the water”可知，同学们在跳水之前都将身体伸直了(straightened)。jump“跳跃”；stick“粘住”；reach“到达”。 10.A.hesitation B.shock C.satisfaction D.confusion 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：上文提到同学们都完成得很轻松，再根据下文中的“because all of a sudden I saw these four steps as 　11　”可知，作者突然觉得以上四个步骤是可行的，应该是处于一种震惊(shock)的状态。hesitation“犹豫”；satisfaction“满意”；confusion“困惑”。  11.A.acceptable B.reasonable C.doable D.breathable 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据下文中的“I barely finished as I had 　13　 in my mind”可以推断，轮到作者的时候，作者发现这个跳跃是能够完成的(doable)，并顺利完成了。acceptable“可接受的”；reasonable“合理的”；breathable“透气的”。  12.A.pounding B.torn C.broken D.sinking 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据上文作者紧张的状态可以推断，作者在完成跳水的时候，心在怦怦直跳(pounding)。 13.A.pictured B.judged C.lost D.mentioned 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据上文中的“all of a sudden I saw these four steps as　11　”可以推知，作者在跳水前对这一动作的四个步骤做了设想(pictured)。judge“判断”；lose“丢失”；mention“提到”。  14.A.patient B.strict C.pleased D.connected 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据下文中的“It was awesome to think that I just learned my first dive”可知，尽管得分不高，但作者能够成功完成自己的第一次跳水，就足以让他感到开心(pleased)了。patient“有耐心的”；strict“严厉的”；connected“有关联的”。 15.A.however B.instead C.overall D.meanwhile 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据前后句的句意可知，前后句都是作者在完成跳水后的感想。此处表示“想到我刚刚学会了我的第一次跳水，真是令人惊叹；与此同时(meanwhile)，我相信无论将来遇到什么，我都会先尝试一下”。however“但是”；instead“而不是”；overall“总体上”。 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A 篇 核心 单词 Para.2：stubborn adj.固执的，倔强的 Para.3：crisis n.危机；危急关头　fundamental adj.根本的；基本的 核心 短语 Para.4：feel left out感觉被排除在外　hold out维持；坚持 Para.5：absorbed in...全神贯注于…… Para.6：sort out解决，处理；整理 A 篇 熟词 生义 strike (Para.5)常用义：v.打，击，撞　文章义：v.给……印象；让……觉得 例句：What struck me as interesting is how much we judge other people by the clothes they wear. 让我觉得很有意思的是我们经常以衣取人。 A 篇 难句 分析 Then there are the parents who tell me sadly that they wish they had delayed their teenager’s phone ownership longer than they did.(Para.4) 分析：本句中who引导定语从句；that they wish...是宾语从句；they had delayed...是省略了that的宾语从句，其中包含一个than连接的比较状语从句。 译文：还有一些父母遗憾地告诉我，他们希望自己当时能推迟给孩子手机的时间。 B 篇 核心 单词 Para.1：dominance n.优势，显要，支配地位　aggressive adj.好斗的，挑衅的 Para.3：integrity n.完整，完全；正直诚实　hatred n.仇恨，憎恨，厌恶 Para.4：perspective n.态度，观点，思考方法 核心 短语 Para.1：for the sake of为了……的缘故 Para.2：fall apart破裂，崩溃 B 篇 熟词 生义 compromise (Para.1)常用义：v.妥协，让步　文章义：v.损害 例句：This dangerous drug can further compromise an already weakened immune system. 这种危险药物可能进一步损害本已脆弱的免疫系统。 B 篇 词缀 变形 Para.1：essence n.本质，实质，要素→essential adj.极其重要的，必不可少的　simple adj.简单的→simplify v.使简化，使简易→simplicity n.简单(性)，容易(性)；简朴 Para.3：restore v.恢复(某种情况或感受)；使复原→restoration n.恢复；修复 Para.4：potentiality n.潜力，潜在的可能性→potential n.(人的)潜力 adj.潜在的，可能的　actuality n.事实，真实情况→actual adj.实际的，真实的　capacity n.容量，容积；领悟(或理解、办事)能力；职责；生产能力→capable adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的 B 篇 难句 分析 From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans，forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness，shown through scientific studies，is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.(Para.3) 分析：本句中who引导宾语从句，because引导原因状语从句。 译文：从第二个观点来看，作为人类，原谅在个人和社区的生物和心理完整性中起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，原谅的结果之一是仇恨的减少和和谐的恢复。 课时作业40 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·湖北武汉调研)Peru is prepared to approve new laws that would make it easier to investigate and punish researchers who engage in academic cheating，including paying to have their names added to a paper. The move comes as Peru’s national science agency seeks to crack down on authorship buying and other dishonest practices.It recently removed two scientists accused of dishonest publications from a national registry that is key to receiving government sponsor，job promotions，and salary bonuses.And officials are investigating more than 170 other researchers at a Peruvian media report claimed were involved in academic misconduct，including 72 listed on the national registry who work at 14 universities in Peru. The new laws will empower universities and government officials to punish such behavior.“Dishonest publishing practices transcend mere moral misbehavior because they enable researchers to obtain government and private funding without telling the truth，” says Edward Málaga Trillo，a member of Congress who is the driving force behind the bills，which lawmakers are expected to finalize early this year.“These individuals are operating academic cheating.” Peru’s academic community has been struggling with a rising tide of false authorship and related problems.One cause，some researchers say，is a 2014 law that aimed to stimulate research by rewarding researchers who boost their publishing output.For example，under a scoring system used by universities，researchers can earn five points for authorship in a high-impact journal，and two points when the journal is lower impact.A massing points can bring bonus payments and career promotion. “Signs of dishonest publishing can be obvious，” notes Nahuel Monteblanco，president of Cientificos.pe，a Peruvian group that investigates misconduct.Many of the papers cited by Punto Final have numerous co-authors from different nations with few prior publications on the same subject.“If your colleague consistently publishes 20 articles a year with co-authors from other countries，that’s highly suspect，” Monteblanco says. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了秘鲁准备通过新的法律来更容易地调查和惩罚参与学术欺诈的研究人员，以及国家科学机构打击购买作者身份和其他欺骗行为的情况。 1.What action did Peru take recently to address academic cheating? (　　) A.Fining 72 offenders for academic dishonesty. B.Disqualifying 2 scientists from a national registry. C.Punishing 170 researchers for academic misconduct. D.Withdrawing government fund from 14 universities. 1 2 3 4 B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“It recently removed two scientists accused of dishonest publications from a national registry”可知，秘鲁最近从国家注册系统中移除了两名被指控不诚实出版的科学家，即取消两名科学家的国家登记注册资格来解决学术造假问题。故选B。 1 2 3 4 2.What does the underlined word “transcend” in paragraph 3 mean?(　　) A.Change.　　　　　　　 B.Strengthen. C.Go beyond. D.Approve of. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在部分表示“不诚实的出版行为……单纯的道德失范”，再结合下文的because可知，画线词所在部分与下文存在因果关系，下文的“因为它们使研究人员能够在不告知真相的情况下获得政府和私人资助”表明不诚实的出版行为超出了单纯的道德失范。“transcend”在这里意味着超出或超越了某种范围或限制，C项含义与之接近。 1 2 3 4 3.What do we know about the 2014 law in Peru?(　　) A.It advocated a fair scoring system. B.It applied to high-impact journals. C.It led to an increase in false authorship. D.It aimed to punish dishonest publishing. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“Peru’s academic community...with a rising tide of false authorship and related problems.One cause，some researchers say，is a 2014 law that aimed to stimulate research by rewarding researchers who boost their publishing output.”可知，2014年旨在通过奖励那些提高出版产出的研究人员来刺激研究的法律导致学术造假的迹象增多，故选C。 1 2 3 4 4.The most suspicion might be given to a productive researcher with ________.(　　)  A.career promotion B.consistent research focus C.few citations by Punto Final D.co-authors from various countries 1 2 3 4 D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“If your colleague consistently publishes 20 articles a year with co-authors from other countries，that’s highly suspect”可知，如果你的同事和来自其他国家的合著者一年持续发表20篇文章，这是非常可疑的。故选D。 1 2 3 4 B (2024·九省联考)In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People，Dale Carnegie wrote：“I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument—and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common，but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives—and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights，which is how we often think of them.Like physical fights，verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied.Even when you win，you end up no better off.You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions—like，say，tennis tournaments.Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered.Everybody else loses.This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments. However，there are ways to win an argument every time.When you state your position，formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good.When you talk with someone who takes a stand，ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully.Assess its strength and weakness.Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies.This method will require effort，but practice will make you better at it.  These tools can help you win every argument—not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people，learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them.If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other—then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument. 　　[语篇解读]　本文对戴尔·卡耐基关于争论的看法提出了批评，并介绍了一种更积极的争论方式，旨在通过理性交流获得相互尊重和理解，从而改变“赢得”争论的真正含义。 5.What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument?(　　) A.Critical. B.Supportive. C.Tolerant. D.Uncertain. 5 6 7 8 解析：观点态度题。第一段中提到卡耐基认为避免争论是赢得争论的唯一方法，作者随即指出这种对争论的厌恶是常见的，但它基于对争论的误解，这种误解对我们的个人和社会生活造成了影响，并且在很多方面错过了争论的本质。这表明作者对卡耐基的理解持“批判的(critical)”态度，故选A项。 A 6.Why do many people try to avoid arguments?(　　) A.They lack debating skills. B.They may feel bad even if they win. C.They fear being ignored. D.They are not confident in themselves. 5 6 7 8 B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“Even when you win，you end up no better off.You would be feeling almost as bad...”可知，即使你赢了，你最终也没有更好。你可能会感觉几乎一样糟糕……这表明许多人试图避免争论的一个原因是，即使赢得了争论，他们也可能会感到不好。其他选项“他们缺乏辩论技巧”“他们害怕被忽视”和“他们缺乏自信”在文章中均未提及。故选B项。 5 6 7 8 7.What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean?(　　) A.Defend. B.Explain. C.Conclude. D.Repeat. 5 6 7 8 解析：词义猜测题。结合常识及与短语spell out并列的“ask them to give you a reason for their view”可推断，要求他们给出观点的理由，是为了完全“spell out”他们的论点，即让对方充分阐述并“解释(explain)”他们的论点。其他选项“辩护”“得出结论”和“重复”并不符合上下文含义。故选B项。 B 180 8.What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author?(　　) A.Sense of logic. B.Solid supporting evidence. C.Proper manners. D.Understanding from both sides. 5 6 7 8 D 解析：推理判断题。最后一段最后一句提到，如果我们重新调整对争论的看法——通过这种方式，不视为言语战斗或网球比赛，而是一种理性交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解，那么我们就改变了“赢得”争论的真正含义。这表明，作者认为“赢得”争论的关键在于通过理性交流获得双方的理解和尊重。其他选项“逻辑感”“有力的支持证据”和“举止得体”不符合语境。故选D项。 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是应该以积极的态度和爱心来解决家庭问题，要识别问题的根源，等到心情平静时再讨论，用积极的语言交流，同时接受每个家庭成员的缺点。 183 　　(2024·贵州贵阳二模)Most of us have been there： Families can be very difficult，and family problems are very painful.1(　　) Life is too short to waste time being bogged down in negativity towards the people you love.How you approach the family member and what you say can make a big difference.  A.Avoid the blame game. B.Accept blame when you deserve it. C.Try to figure out what is indeed going on. D.That means avoiding judgment words or name calling of the family member. E.However，there are ways to solve family problems and restore peace to the dynamic. F.You might be able to cut people out，but it could cause you more pain down the road. G.You should take a step back and give yourself some time to think before dealing with them. 1.答案：E 解析：根据上文“Most of us have been there： Families can be very difficult，and family problems are very painful.”可知，此处强调家庭问题是很痛苦的，但是解决方法是存在的，可以恢复家庭和平。下文应该对此进行提及。E选项承接上文，符合语境。 Identify the real problem.2(　　) Perhaps you are struggling with health problems or personal problems that you have been hiding from your family.Or maybe you are all grieving over a loved one who has passed away.Consider the real issue at hand，as this will allow you to then better address it.  A.Avoid the blame game. B.Accept blame when you deserve it. C.Try to figure out what is indeed going on. D.That means avoiding judgment words or name calling of the family member. E.However，there are ways to solve family problems and restore peace to the dynamic. F.You might be able to cut people out，but it could cause you more pain down the road. G.You should take a step back and give yourself some time to think before dealing with them. 2.答案：C 解析：根据本段段旨“Identify the real problem.”可知，此处强调要解决家庭问题，首先需要明确实际问题所在，只有了解真正的问题才能更好地解决它。C选项承接上文，符合语境。 Wait until you’re not angry about discussing this problem. Family problems can be very painful，especially around family-centered times，like holidays.3(　　) Waiting allows you to approach the issue logically，rather than emotionally.  A.Avoid the blame game. B.Accept blame when you deserve it. C.Try to figure out what is indeed going on. D.That means avoiding judgment words or name calling of the family member. E.However，there are ways to solve family problems and restore peace to the dynamic. F.You might be able to cut people out，but it could cause you more pain down the road. G.You should take a step back and give yourself some time to think before dealing with them. 3.答案：G 解析：根据下文“Waiting allows you to approach the issue logically，rather than emotionally.”可知，此处强调等到情绪平静后再讨论问题能够更理性地处理问题。G选项与下文形成呼应，指出处理家庭问题的时候应该给自己一些时间思考，即在时间上进行等待，可以让自己更清醒地、逻辑化地处理问题，而不是情绪化地处理问题。 4(　　) Keep your language positive when you talk to your family. Avoid using language that puts blame on any of your family members or that feels negative.Negativity is a vicious cycle.  A.Avoid the blame game. B.Accept blame when you deserve it. C.Try to figure out what is indeed going on. D.That means avoiding judgment words or name calling of the family member. E.However，there are ways to solve family problems and restore peace to the dynamic. F.You might be able to cut people out，but it could cause you more pain down the road. G.You should take a step back and give yourself some time to think before dealing with them. 4.答案：A 解析：根据下文“Keep your language positive when you talk to your family.Avoid using language that puts blame on any of your family members or that feels negative.Negativity is a vicious cycle.”可知，此处强调和家人交谈时要避免指责和负面言论，保持积极的语言。A选项能概括本段内容。 Accept everyone’s faults，including your own.They say that blood is thicker than water，and that you can choose your friends，but not your family.5(　　) A.Avoid the blame game. B.Accept blame when you deserve it. C.Try to figure out what is indeed going on. D.That means avoiding judgment words or name calling of the family member. E.However，there are ways to solve family problems and restore peace to the dynamic. F.You might be able to cut people out，but it could cause you more pain down the road. G.You should take a step back and give yourself some time to think before dealing with them. 5.答案：F 解析：根据本段段旨“Accept everyone’s faults，including your own.”以及“They say that blood is thicker than water，and that you can choose your friends，but not your family.”可知，此处强调家庭是血浓于水的，你可以选择你的朋友，但无法选择家人。F选项“You might be able to cut people out，but it could cause you more pain down the road.”承接上文，强调虽然可以选择与某些人断绝来往，但这可能会给你带来更多的痛苦，因此要接受每个人的错误，也包括自己的错误。该选项符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·安徽安庆二模)Cross-bridge noodles is the name of a special dish originating from Yunnan Province.The dish 1.___________ (make) of stewed chicken or goose soup，slices of pork or fish，vegetables and rice noodles.  is made There’s a story behind the 2.___________ (origin) creation of cross-bridge noodles.It’s said that there was 3. ___________ scholar during the Qing Dynasty 4. ___________ (study) every day on an island of Mengzi City in Yunnan.His favorite food was rice noodles，and his wife brought him a serving of them every day at his office.5. ________ she was disappointed when she realized the noodles would get cold on the way to the island. original a studying But One day she realized that when she took her husband chicken soup，it stayed warm during the trip.She figured out that the oil layer on top of the soup separated it from the cold and 6.__________ (keep) the heat inside. kept The wife then came up with a 7.___________ (solve).She tried bringing the chicken soup，rice noodles and other ingredients to the island 8. ___________ (respective)，then combining them.The dish became known 9. __________ “cross-bridge noodles” in memory of the wife 10. ___________ discovered a dish that would stay warm as she crossed the bridge to the island every day. solution respectively as who/that 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A 篇 核心 单词 Para.1：approve v.批准　investigate v.调查　punish v.惩罚 Para.2：registry n.注册系统　misconduct n.不端行为 Para.3：empower v.授权　misbehavior n.不良行为 词缀 变形 Para.5：suspect v.怀疑→suspicious adj.感觉可疑的，怀疑的→suspicion n.怀疑 A 篇 难句 分析 And officials are investigating more than 170 other researchers that a Peruvian media report claimed were involved in academic misconduct，including 72 listed on the national registry who work at 14 universities in Peru.(Para.2) 分析：本句中that a Peruvian...misconduct是定语从句，修饰先行词170 other researchers，who work...是定语从句。 译文：官员们正在调查170多名其他研究人员，据秘鲁媒体报道，这些人涉嫌学术不端行为，其中包括在秘鲁14所大学工作的72名被列入国家注册系统的研究人员。 B 篇 核心 单词 Para.1：distaste n.不喜欢；反感；厌恶 Para.3：assess v.评估，评定(性质、质量) Para.4：reasoned adj.合乎逻辑的；缜密的 核心 短语 Para.1：come to the conclusion得出结论　miss the point不得要领，抓不着要点 Para.2：better off处于更好的境地 Para.3：take a stand表明立场(或态度、意见等) B 篇 难句 分析 When you state your position，formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good.(Para.3) 分析：本句中when引导时间状语从句；what you claim是what引导的宾语从句，作for的宾语；whether your...是宾语从句。 译文：当你陈述你的立场时，为你所主张的立场阐述一个论点，并诚实地问自己你的论点是否好。 $$