课时作业(4) Unit 1 Period 4（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第二册高中同步学案（人教版）

课时作业(四)　Unit 1　Period 4 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Sir Ronald Ross was born in Almora, India in 1857. During his early years, he developed interests in poetry, literature, music, and mathematics, all of which he continued to engage in (从事) for the rest of his life. Although he had no tendency to study medicine, at the age of 17 he agreed to obey his father's wish to see him enter the Indian Medical Service. He began his medical studies at St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London in 1874. Later, he developed his scientific interests and took a course in bacteriology. In 1892 he became interested in malaria and, having originally doubted the parasites' (寄生虫的) existence, became an enthusiastic supporter of the belief that malaria parasites were in the blood stream when this was demonstrated to him by Patrick Manson in 1894. In 1895, Ross began to prove the hypothesis (假说) of Alphonse Laveran and Manson that mosquitoes (蚊子) were connected with the spread of malaria. However, his progress was hampered by the Indian Medical Service. On 20 August 1897, Ross made his landmark discovery. While dissecting (解剖) the stomach tissue of a mosquito fed four days previously on a malarious patient, he found the malaria parasite and went on to prove the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of malaria parasites in humans. He continued his research into malaria in India, using a more convenient experimental model, malaria in birds. By July 1898, he had demonstrated that mosquitoes could serve as intermediate (中间的) hosts for bird malaria. After feeding mosquitoes on infected (被感染的) birds, he found that the malaria parasites could develop in the mosquitoes, allowing the mosquitoes to infect other birds during following blood meals. In 1902 Ross was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine “for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of fighting it.” Ross wrote extensively on malaria including his book The Prevention of Malaria in 1911. While Ross is remembered for his malaria work, this remarkable man was also a mathematician, epidemiologist, sanitarian, editor, novelist, dramatist, poet, amateur musician, composer, and artist. 1．What made Ross take up medical studies? A．His father's expectation. B．His keen interest in bacteriology. C．The rapid spread of malaria in India. D．The invitation from a medical college. 2．What does the underlined word “hampered” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Assisted.　　　　 B．Evaluated. C．Blocked. D．Monitored. 3．How did Ross confirm Patrick Manson's hypothesis? A．By closely observing malarious birds. B．By dissecting dead malarious patients. C．By finding malaria parasites in mosquitoes. D．By studying the human blood stream in depth. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly discuss? A．Ross' career. B．Ross' hobbies. C．Ross' personal life. D．Ross' achievements. 【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章讲述了罗纳德·罗斯是如何证实疟疾是由蚊子传播的。 1．解析：选A　细节理解题。由第二段中的Although he had no tendency to study medicine, at the age of 17 he agreed to obey his father's wish to see him enter the Indian Medical Service.可知，罗斯并未打算学医，但他的父亲希望他能参加印度的医疗服务，罗斯顺从了父亲的意愿。 2．解析：选C　词义猜测题。由划线词前的In 1895, Ross began to prove the hypothesis和However以及下一段中的On 20 August 1897, Ross made his landmark discovery可知，罗斯证明蚊子传播疟疾这一假说的进展受到了印度医疗服务的阻碍。 3．解析：选C　推理判断题。由第五段中的While dissecting the stomach tissue of a mosquito ... he found the malaria parasite and went on to prove the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of malaria parasites in humans和第六段中的he found that the malaria parasites could develop in the mosquitoes, allowing the mosquitoes to infect other birds during following blood meals可知，罗斯在蚊子体内发现了疟原虫，证实了蚊子传播疟疾。 4．解析：选D　段落大意题。由最后一段的描述可知，本段主要讲述了罗斯的个人成就。 B Albert Einstein laid the foundation for modern physics, but he may not be the man your kids should try hard to be. That man would be the productive Thomas Alva Edison—he of the “inspiration is perspiration (汗水)”school of thought. Researchers came to that conclusion after doing a series of studies with college students. They found students were more inspired by the hard-working Edison type than Einstein's “genius is my birthright” model. “There's a misleading message out there that says you have to be a genius in order to be a scientist，” study co-author Danfei Hu explains. “This just isn't true and may be a big factor in discouraging people from working on science. Struggling is a normal part of doing science and talent is not the only prerequisite (先决条件) for succeeding in science. It's important we help spread this message in science education.” The researchers hope that more Edison appreciation will draw more people to the sciences—especially at a time when increasing numbers of students are dropping out of those careers. To help turn that tide (趋势), Hu and Janet N. Ahn of William Paterson University did another study. For this study, participants read the same story－about the difficulty faced by a scientist over the course of a career. Half the students were told the story's main character was Einstein; the other half were told it was Edison. It may have been the same story, but knowing it involved Einstein caused students to think that he overpowered his struggles using his smart brain. But when Edison was the hero of the story, students believed that he outworked his problems. Indeed, the latter students were more motivated to complete a series of problems. “This information can help shape the language we use in textbooks and in public regarding what it takes to succeed in science，” Hu explains. “Young people are always trying to find inspiration from the people around them. If we can send the message that struggling for success is normal, that could be beneficial.” 5．Why does the author mention Albert Einstein in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce the achievements he made. B．To describe his “genius is my birthright” model. C．To explain why fewer students want to be scientists. D．To show his stories are unable to draw students to the sciences. 6．What did the researchers do in the study? A．They read historical novels to participants. B．They asked participants to tell their career stories. C．They offered the same story to two groups of participants. D．They compared the reading ability of two groups of participants. 7．Which of the following might Danfei Hu agree with according to the text? A．Students should know hard work is within everyone's reach. B．Young people should be taught success doesn't come easy. C．Students should carefully choose their lifelong career. D．Young people should learn to follow their own minds. 【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。研究表明： 学生更易被爱迪生激发他们的科研热情。 5．解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Albert Einstein laid the foundation for modern physics, but he may not be the man your kids should try hard to be. That man would be the productive Thomas Alva Edison—he of the “inspiration is perspiration” school of thought可知，作者提到爱因斯坦是为了说明他的故事不能激发学生的科研热情。 6．解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的For this study, participants read the same story... Half the students... the other half...可知，研究人员让两组学生读了同一个故事。 7．解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的This information can help shape the language we use in textbooks and in public regarding what it takes to succeed in science以及Young people are always trying to find inspiration from the people around them. If we can send the message that struggling for success is normal可知，Hu的话表明她认为年轻人应该被教导成功并非易事的道理。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 Lydia Denton felt very sad when she learned about the incidents，in which many children died in the hot cars because they were accidentally left behind.But no one has come up with a good way to deal with the 1 .The little girl，who would enter the seventh grade，decided to find a 2 . Two years later，the 12-year-old girl from North Carolina won a $20, 000 prize for her 3 ，the Beat The Heat Car Seat，a car seat device measuring the 4 of a car.The device is able to 5 the parents of the danger when the inside of the car 6 reaches 38.9℃. Lydia used part of her $20, 000 to continue to 7 her device with the hope of getting it to market as soon as possible 8 it can be something that will save lives and something that most people can 9 to get it. With her 14-year-old brother and 10-year-old sister，Lydia also 10 some of her prize money.They also helped bring the 11 in the car seat device.Her brother was really great at coding(编程)，and her little sister would 12 them with some sweets or cakes. Lydia's mom，a science teacher，said it was 13 to watch her three kids cooperate to think out a way to the problem that has 14 for years.“They have proven that time and time again nothing is 15 .I am really proud of them. ” she added. 1. A. discussion　　　　　 B． idea C. problem D． experience 2. A. process B． solution C. response D． decision 3. A. education B． suggestion C. instruction D． invention 4. A. temperature B． condition C. beauty D． quality 5. A. convince B． persuade C. warn D． cure 6. A. never B． almost C. always D． seldom 7. A. change B． remember C. describe D． develop 8. A. so that B． even if C. as if D． now that 9. A. happen B． help C. pretend D． afford 10. A. shared B． exchanged C. supplied D． collected 11. A. variety B． improvement C. production D． advantage 12. A. present B． leave C. serve D． charge 13. A. relaxing B． embarrassing C. inspiring D． boring 14. A. disappeared B． existed C. applied D． recovered 15. A. impossible B． traditional C. perfect D． necessary 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文， 讲述了一个小女孩得知许多儿童被留在闷热的汽车里， 因高温而致死时， 她感到非常难过， 决定寻找破解的办法。经过两年的努力， 她凭借自己发明的一种能测量汽车内温度的装置获得了两万美元的奖金。 1．解析：选C　当Lydia Denton得知许多儿童因被意外地被遗忘在闷热的汽车里窒息死亡的事件时， 她感到非常难过， 但是还没有人想出好的方法来解决这一问题。 discussion讨论；idea主意；problem问题；experience经验经历。故选C。 2．解析：选B　没人想出好的办法解决这个问题， 所以Lydia决定自己找解决办法。 process过程；solution解决办法；response回答；decision决定。故选B。 3．解析：选D　两年后， Lydia Denton因发明了汽车座椅装置而获得了两万美元的奖金。 education教育；suggestion建议；instruction说明书；invention发明。故选D。 4．解析：选A　由下文中“reaches 38.9℃”可知， 此装置能测量车内的温度。 temperature温度；condition条件；beauty美丽；quality质量。故选A。 5．解析：选C　设计这个装置是为了检测温度， 所以当车内温度接近38. 9摄氏度时， 这个装置就会警告父母有危险。 convince说服；persuade劝；warn警告；cure治愈。故选C。 6．解析：选B　根据“reaches 38. 9℃”及“ 5 the parents of the danger”可推测， 这个装置是在温度达到一个临界值才会报警。 never从不；almost几乎；always总是；seldom很少。故选B。 7．解析：选D　Lydia想使汽车装置成为既能挽救生命又能买得起的发明， 所以需要继续研发。 change改变；remember记住；describe描述；develop研发。故选D。 8．解析：选A　Lydia用她的部分奖金继续研发她的装置， 希望能尽快投入市场， 这样它就可以挽救一些儿童的生命。 so that以便， 所以；even if即使；as if好像；now that既然。故选A。 9．解析：选D　Lydia继续研发， 是为了帮助更多的人， 挽救更多的生命， 使大多数人都可以买得起。 happen发生；help帮助；pretend假装；afford负担得起。故选D。 10．解析：选A　根据With her 14-year-old brother and 10-year-old sister可知Lydia和她十四岁的哥哥以及十岁的妹妹共同分享了这笔奖金。share with和……分享。 shared分享；exchanged交换；supplied提供；collected收集。故选A。 11．解析：选B　根据下文可知， 哥哥和妹妹他们也在帮助Lydia改进这个汽车座椅装置。 variety多样性， 变化；improvement改进；production生产；advantage优点。故选B。 12．解析：选C　她的妹妹会帮忙端上一些糖果或蛋糕。 present提出；leave离开；serve服务， 端上；charge充电。故选C。 13．解析：选C　这个问题已经存在多年， 未被解决。现在被三个孩子解决了， 所以很鼓舞人心。 relaxing令人放松的；embarrassing使人尴尬的；inspiring鼓舞人心的；boring无聊的。由“think out a way to the problem that has 14 for years.”可知选C。 14．解析：选B　根据上文可知这是存在了很多年的难题。 disappeared消失；existed存在；applied应用；recovered恢复。故选B。 15．解析：选A　虽然问题存在多年， 但终被解决， 所以说没什么事是不能被解决的， 一切皆有可能。 impossible不可能的；traditional传统的；perfect完美的；necessary必要的。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空 So far, the battle with COVID-19 has been done across the world, and one of the fronts we're fighting on is trying to increase testing 1. (measure) so scientists can see where COVID-19 is spreading the most. Lots of data can be 2. (huge) helpful in tracking and controlling the spread of the disease, 3. doesn't always reveal 4. (it) through noticeable symptoms( 症状). A team of researchers put forward a potential testing method that promises 5. (be) fast, affordable, and accurate: it uses a paper-based device to detect the 6. (present) of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. While it has its limitations, it has 7. number of advantages too — it gathers data in close to real time, and it's generally accurate. What's more, the paper devices are easy to store, and can be burned after use. When people are not sure whether they are infected, real-time community wastewater detection through the paper devices could determine whether there are COVID-19 carriers in an area to enable rapid prevention and reduce the threat 8. public health. In areas where SARS-CoV-2 is found, additional steps can 9. (take) to control the spread, 10. (give) health experts another way to get on top of the situation. 【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。科学家通过试纸检测社区污水中是否含有新冠病毒来确定社区内是否有病毒携带者，以期能及时采取措施，保护公众健康。 1．measures　考查名词复数。结合句意可知，measure在此处用作可数名词，意为“措施”，且其前没有冠词，应用其复数形式，故填measures。 2．hugely　考查副词。设空处在句中作状语，修饰helpful，故填hugely。 3．which　考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词 the disease，且在从句中作主语，故填which。 4．itself　考查反身代词。设空处在句中作宾语，且该句的主语和宾语都指代the disease，宾语应用反身代词，故填itself。 5．to be　考查固定用法。promise to be ...意为“承诺会……”，故填to be。 6．presence　考查名词。根据空前的the可知，设空处应用名词形式，故填presence。 7．a　考查冠词。根据设空后的advantages并结合句意可知，设空处填a，a number of是固定用法，意为“一些”。 8．to　考查介词。the threat to ...意为“对……的威胁”，故填to。 9．be taken　考查被动语态。take和steps之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；又因为设空前有情态动词can，故填be taken。 10．giving　考查动词-ing形式作结果状语。设空处在句中作结果状语，且是自然而然的结果，故填giving。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$