课时作业(2) Unit 1 Period 2（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第二册高中同步学案（人教版）

课时作业(二)　Unit 1　Period 2 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A A list of Benjamin Franklin's inventions reveals a man of many talents and interests. His natural curiosity about things and the way they work made him try to find ways to make them work better. Ben had poor vision and needed glasses to read. He got tired of constantly taking them off and putting them back on，so he decided to figure out how his glasses would let him see both near and far. He had two pairs of glasses cut in half and put half of each lens(镜片)in a single frame. Today，we call them bifocals(双光眼镜)． Everyone knows the story of Ben's famous kite flight. Although he made important discoveries and advancements，Ben did not “invent”the electricity. He did，however，invent the lightning rod which protects buildings and ships from lightning. In colonial America，most people warmed their homes by building a fire in a fireplace even though it was dangerous and used a lot of wood. Ben figured that there had to be a better way. His invention of an iron furnace stove allowed people to warm their homes less dangerously and with less wood. The furnace stove that he invented is called the Franklin Stove. Interestingly enough，Ben also established the first fire company and the first fire insurance company in order to help people live more safely. As a postmaster，Ben had to figure out routes for delivering the mail. He went out riding in his carriage to measure the routes and needed a way to keep track of the distance. He invented a simple odometer(里程表)and attached it to his carriage. Later，other famous inventors，like Tomas A. Edison and Alexander Graham Bell，followed in Ben's footsteps by trying to find ways to help people live better. 1．How many things invented by Benjamin Franklin are mentioned in the passage? A．3.　　　　　　　 B．4. C．5. D．6. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Franklin invented the bifocals because of his poor vision. B．Franklin invented the odometer to make his riding easier. C．Franklin first invented the electricity and then the lightning rod. D．Franklin invented the odometer when he worked in a post office. 3．What characteristic did Franklin，Edison and Bell have in common? A．They had a strong desire to make life better. B．They were excellent students at school. C．They were born in the same age. D．They made people's life simple. 4．What would be the best title for this passage? A．The life of Benjamin Franklin B．Benjamin Franklin，a great inventor C．A man of many talents and interests D．How to help people live better 【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了本杰明·富兰克林的一系列的实用发明物。 1．解析：选B　细节理解题。本文从上至下讲述了本杰明·富兰克林的发明有： 双光眼镜、避雷针、铁皮炉子和里程表四种。 2．解析：选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的叙述可知， 富兰克林在邮局工作时， 发明了一个简单的里程表， 并把它装在了他送邮件的车上。 3．解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“by trying to find ways to help people live better”可推知， 这些科学家们都有强烈的使人们的生活更加美好的愿望。 4．解析：选B　主旨大意题。全文讲述了本杰明·富兰克林从生活的实际出发， 发明了一系列有利于自己、有利于他人的实用物品。 B Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Twelve women have won the Nobel Prize for Science，one of the highest honors in the world. Some women scientists never married，some worked with their husbands，and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists. In the early 1800s in England，Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils (化石) in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years. When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons (骨架) of several animals that no longer existed on the earth. She didn't become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family. In 1891, a young Polish woman named Marie Sklodowska traveled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working in the laboratory of a man named Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Noble Prize in 1911, this time for Chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time who became famous as a scientist. 5．The author believes that women scientists . A．have more opportunities to become successful B．can not get the highest honors in the world C．go through difficulties to be successful D．had better pay more attention to their families 6．Mary Anning was one of the first women to . A．win the Noble Prize for Science after getting married B．make achievements in the study of ancient earth C．research animals and their bones D．study the mystery of all kinds of plants 7．What can we learn about Marie Sklodowska? A．She studied physics in Poland and got a college education. B．She received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 on her own. C．She only got one Nobel Prize during her lifetime. D．She made many discoveries after she got married. 8．What's the passage mainly about? A．Ancient discoveries. B．Women scientists. C．Successful marriages. D．Different prizes. 【语篇解读】　自古以来就有女性在科学领域做出了巨大贡献，还有的获得了诺贝尔奖，让我们了解一下其中一些有成就的女性吧。 5．解析：选C　细节理解题。由第一段的“It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists. ”可知。 6．解析：选B　细节理解题。由第二段“...for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. ”可知。 7．解析：选D　推理判断题。由最后一段“Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. ”可知。 8．解析：选B　主旨大意题。由第一段可知，作者主要讲述成功的女科学家的事迹，在后文中的例子也有体现。 Ⅱ.七选五 Light in a bottle This is such a simple idea! It's a special lamp that needs and costs nothing to run. It wasn't invented by a famous scientist, but by a man called Alfredo Moser in Brazil sixteen years ago. In his hometown at the time, they had problems with electricity. 1 One day, Moser and his friends were talking about how they could create a signal in an emergency.One of them suggested using a bottle to reflect the light from the sun. This made Moser think. 2 All you need is a clean plastic bottle. Fill it with water and close it with a black top. The black top attracts the sun. A drop of bleach(漂白剂), the kind you use to clean the house, is added to the water to keep it clean. Then a small hole is cut in the roof of the room where you want the light, and the bottle is pushed through the hole. 3 It's much stronger than the light from a candle! Moser shared his idea with his neighbours and his light bottles were fixed in the local supermarket. Ten years later, the MyShelter Foundation in the Philippines heard about Moser's idea. 4 Now there are Moser lamps in more than 140,000 homes throughout the Philippines and the idea has spread to a number of other countries, too. 5 Moser lamps have surely made life easier for a lot of people! A．Why not use water to make light? B．In India, the bottles are used in countryside schools. C．Moser was very good at making things around the home. D．People's homes and small businesses were often left in the dark. E．Following Moser's method, the organization started making lamps in 2011. F．While there's sunlight outside, the light will be carried through the water into the room below. G．MyShelter also offers training for people who want to earn money by fixing the lamps in their communities. 【语篇解读】　文章介绍了莫泽发明莫泽灯和莫泽灯给人们带来的便利。 1．解析：选D　前文提到In his hometown at the time, they had problems with electricity.(当时在他的家乡，电力供应出现了问题。)D.People's homes and small businesses were often left in the dark. (人们的家和小企业经常处在黑暗中。)与上文相呼应，D项中的dark与上文中的problems相照应。故选D项。 2．解析：选A　前文提到This made Moser think.(这让莫泽思考。)A.Why not use water to make light? (为什么不用水来发光呢？)承接上文，且A选项的问句形式与上文中的think相照应。故选A项。 3．解析：选F　根据前文Then a small hole is cut in the roof of the room where you want the light, and the bottle is pushed through the hole.(然后在房间的屋顶上开一个小洞，把瓶子从洞里推出去。)F.While there's sunlight outside, the light will be carried through the water into the room below.(当外面有阳光的时候，光线会通过水进入下面的房间。)解释前文开小洞的原因。故选F项。 4．解析：选E　结合后文Now there are Moser lamps in more than 140,000 homes throughout the Philippines and the idea has spread to a number of other countries, too.(现在，在菲律宾超过140 000个家庭安装了莫泽灯，这个想法也传播到了其他一些国家。)E. Following Moser's method, the organization started making lamps in 2011.(按照莫泽的方法，该组织于2011年开始生产灯具。)后文为E项的结果。故选E项。 5．解析：选B　前文提到Now there are Moser lamps in more than 140,000 homes throughout the Philippines and the idea has spread to a number of other countries, too.(现在，在菲律宾超过140 000个家庭安装了莫泽灯，这个想法也传播到了其他一些国家。)B.In India, the bottles are used in countryside schools.(在印度，瓶子被用在乡下学校。)中的In India与上文中的other countries相照应。故选B项。 Ⅲ.完形填空 Yesterday，a salesman called me to sell his phone plans. I was at work and while I usually don't like spending time on those things, I 1 myself that I couldn't talk yet and 2 that he call me back at 6 p．m.. That's what he did. So we talked about 20 minutes. He 3 to me his different phone plans. While listening to him, sometimes I was 4 in my thoughts. I gave several “hmm hmm”， as a sign of agreement and to 5 that I was still there. Sometimes, I felt a bit 6 . But I stayed calm and 7 until the end of the discussion. Finally, he said the following to me: “Thank you, Olivier. You are the first person in a long time with whom I had an enjoyable conversation. 8 , people shout at us and slam down the phone. Today, since 10 am, I hadn't had a phone 9 without an offense. I know you had a long day at work and you could have 10 in front of your TV. But you listened so carefully to me. I am 11 and I sincerely thank you.” It set me thinking. He had been the 12 of verbal violence (语言暴力) all through his working day. Physical 13 do not exist in this situation but dehumanization (非人性) seems to happen. 14 , he was only doing his job. I felt a sense of 15 that I hadn't treated him so rudely. 1．A.found　　　　　　 B．excused C．reminded D．forgave 2．A.replied B．agreed C．suggested D．ordered 3．A.explained B．admitted C．apologized D．reported 4．A.stuck B．involved C．interested D．lost 5．A.announce B．ensure C．confirm D．imagine 6．A.impatient B．discouraged C．concerned D．nervous 7．A.generous B．reliable C．cheerful D．polite 8．A.Unexpectedly B．Usually C．Eventually D．Similarly 9．A.meeting B．interview C．conversation D．appointment 10．A.relaxed　　　　　 B．slept C．talked D．played 11．A.annoyed B．proud C．touched D．curious 12．A.proof B．target C．supporter D．result 13．A.activities B．exercises C．disabilities D．conflicts 14．A.Yet B．Besides C．Otherwise D．Instead 15．A.honor B．loss C．relief D．trust 【语篇解读】　一个电信公司销售员给作者打电话推销电话套餐，作者借口自己无法说话，并建议他之后再打。晚上，作者接到了电话，销售员很感动并感谢作者的耐心，因为销售员经常在工作期间成为了语言暴力的对象。 1．解析：选B　考查动词。句意：但我借口自己还不能说话。由上文的I was at work and while I usually don't like spending time on those things可知，作者是借口不能说话。故选B项。 2．解析：选C　考查动词。句意：并建议他下午6点给我回电话。由上文语境可知，作者借口不能说话，所以建议销售员在下午6点给他回电话。故选C项。 3．解析：选A　考查动词。句意：他向我解释了他不同的电话套餐。explain解释；admit承认；apologize道歉；report报道。由上文的So we talked about 20 minutes可知，他们聊天了，所以销售员会对作者解释不同的电话套餐。故选A项。 4．解析：选D　考查形容词。句意：在听他讲话的时候，有时我会陷入沉思。由下文的I gave several “hmm hmm”可知，作者并未认真听讲，而是陷入沉思，be lost in one's thoughts固定搭配，意为“陷入沉思”。故选D项。 5．解析：选C　考查动词。句意：我给了几个“嗯哼”，表示同意，并确认我还在那里。announce宣布；ensure确保；confirm确认；imagine想象。由上文的I gave several “hmm hmm”， as a sign of agreement和下文的I was still there可知，作者用“hmm hmm”确认自己还在听讲。故选C项。 6．解析：选A　考查形容词。句意：有时候，我觉得有点不耐烦。impatient不耐烦的；discouraged泄气的；concerned担心的；nervous紧张的。由下文的But I stayed calm可知，作者不耐烦但还是保持了冷静。故选A项。 7．解析：选D　考查形容词。句意：但在讨论结束前，我一直保持冷静和礼貌。由上文的I stayed calm可知，此处意为保持冷静与礼貌，才结束对话。故选D项。 8．解析：选B　考查副词。句意：通常，人们对我们大喊大叫，然后砰的一声挂掉电话。Unexpectedly意外地；Usually通常；Eventually最终；Similarly相似地。由上文语境可知，作者是第一个长时间听他讲话的人，可知，通常人们对销售员大喊大叫然后挂电话。故选B项。 9．解析：选C　考查名词。句意：今天上午10点起，我就没有一次毫无冒犯的电话交谈。销售员是电话销售员，由上文的You are the first person in a long time with whom I had an enjoyable conversation可知，此处意为“电话交谈”。故选C项。 10．解析：选A　考查动词。句意：我知道你工作了一整天，你本可以在电视机前放松一下。由下文的in front of your TV可知，作者本可以在电视前放松的(但作者选择了听销售员推销电话套餐)。故选A项。 11．解析：选C　考查形容词。句意：我很感动，我真诚地感谢你。annoyed恼怒的；proud骄傲的；touched感动的；curious好奇的。由下文的I sincerely thank you可知，销售员很感动，所以感谢作者。故选C项。 12．解析：选B　考查名词。句意：他在整个工作日都是语言暴力的目标。proof证据；target目标；supporter支持者；result结果。由上文的people shout at us and slam down the phone可知，销售员成了语言暴力的目标。故选B项。 13．解析：选D　考查名词。句意：在这种情况下不存在身体冲突，但似乎发生了非人性的事情。activities活动；exercises练习；disabilities残疾；conflicts冲突。由上文的He had been the 　12　 of verbal violence(语言暴力) all through his working day可知，不存在身体冲突。故选D项。 14．解析：选A　考查副词。句意：然而，他只是在做他的工作。由语境可知，前后两句表转折，应用Yet。故选A项。 15．解析：选C　考查名词。句意：我没有对他那么粗鲁，感到如释重负。honor荣耀；loss失落；relief放松；trust信任。由下文的I hadn't treated him so rudely可知，作者没有对销售员粗鲁，所以作者感觉如释重负。故选C项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$