课时作业(1) Unit 1 Period 1（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第二册高中同步学案（人教版）

课时作业(一)　Unit 1　Period 1 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The advancement of human civilization is possible just because of enormous contribution made by scientists. They are one of the most influential people of today's world. With practical advantages in engineering，medicine and technology，they have helped us to grow better understanding about the world and different working phenomenon that governs us. Their names are remembered in the sands of time for their work in the welfare of mankind with different inventions that has made our modern lives easy. Here is a list of the four great scientists we've ever seen who changed the world. Louis Pasteur(1822～1895) Pasteur contributed greatly towards the advancement of medical sciences developing cures for rabies(狂犬病)，anthrax and other infectious diseases. He also invented the process of pasteurization(加热杀菌法)to make milk safer to drink. He probably saved more lives than any other person. Otto Hahn(1879～1968) Hahn was a German chemist who discovered nuclear fission(裂变)in 1939. He was a pioneering scientist in the field of radio-chemistry，and discovered radioactive elements in 1921. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944. Nikola Tesla(1856～1943) Tesla worked on electromagnetism and AC current. He obtained around 300 patents worldwide for his inventions from electricity to radio transmission，but many inventions developed by Tesla were not put into patent protection. He played a key role in the development of modern electricity. James Clerk Maxwell(1831～1879) Maxwell made great progress in understanding electro-magnetism. His research in electricity and kinetics laid the foundation for quantum(量子)physics. Einstein said of Maxwell，“The work of James Clerk Maxwell changed the world forever. ” 1．What contribution did Louis Pasteur make to society? A．The development of medicine. B．Radio-chemistry. C．Modern electricity. D．Quantum physics. 2．Who was thought highly of by Einstein? A．Louis Pasteur. B．Otto Hahn. C．Nikola Tesla. D．James Clerk Maxwell. 3．What can we infer about the four people? A．They are medical pioneers. B．They are Nobel Prize winners. C．They are great contributors to society. D．They are founders of modern physics. 【语篇解读】　本文介绍了四位伟人。四个人都是社会的重要贡献者， 为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。 1．解析：选A　细节理解题。根据“Pasteur contributed greatly towards the advancement of medical sciences developing cures for rabies，anthrax and other infectious diseases. ”可知Louis Pasteur促进了医学的发展。 2．解析：选D　细节理解题。根据“Einstein said of Maxwell，‘The work of James Clerk Maxwell changed the world forever.’”可知爱因斯坦对James Clerk Maxwell的评价很高。 3．解析：选C　主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，他们四个人都是社会的重要贡献者， 为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。 B Looking back on my childhood，I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way，my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths. I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in，of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents，aunts，uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs，the farm animals，the local birds，and above all the insects. I am a naturalist，not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world，and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people's observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books，which some might honour with the title of scientific research. But curiosity，a keen eye，a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline，a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self-discipline but all training，determination and a goal. A scientist，up to a point，can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two，you get the best of both worlds. 4．What impressed the author deeply during his childhood? A．Wildlife.　　　　　　 B．Music. C．Languages. D．Literature. 5．Why can't the author remember his relatives clearly? A．He didn't live with them for long. B．The family was extremely large. C．He was fully occupied with observing nature. D．He was too young when he lived with them. 6．According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all? A．Being knowledgeable. B．Being self-disciplined. C．Being full of ambition. D．Being full of enthusiasm. 7．Why does the author say he is a naturalist，not a scientist? A．He thinks he lacks some qualities required of a scientist. B．He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic. C．He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way. D．He thinks he just reads about other people's observations. 【语篇解读】　本文作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理： 博物学家是天生的， 而科学家则是可以后天培养的。 4. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs，the farm animals，the local birds，and above all the insects. ”可知， 作者在童年时， 印象深刻的是那些野生生物。 5．解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs，the farm animals，the local birds，and above all the insects. ”可推知， 作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意， 所以没有深刻的印象， 这与第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼应。 6．解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist，not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations.”可知， 作者从小热爱自然界， 而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查， 成了一个博物学家。由此可推知， 一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情。 7．解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“But curiosity，a keen eye，a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack.”可知， 作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质。 Ⅱ.七选五 How to Succeed in Science To succeed in science, you need a lot more than luck. In my view, you have to combine intelligence with a willingness not to follow conventions when they block your forward path. Thus, these have come to be my rules for success. 1 That might sound proud, but the fact is that you must always turn to people who are brighter than you. It's like playing any game. Even as a child, I never wanted to play games with anyone who was as bad as I was. If you win, it gives you no pleasure. And in the game of science or life, the highest goal isn't simply to win; it's to win at something really difficult. 2 Take risks. To make a huge success, a scientist has to be prepared to get into deep trouble. If you are going to make a huge jump in science, you will very likely be unqualified to succeed by definition. 3 This can be more than personally upsetting. Never do anything that bores you. My experience in science is that someone is always telling you to do things, and then leaves you alone. I'm not good enough to do well in something I dislike. 4 It's very hard to succeed if you don't want to be with other scientists, because you have to go to key meetings where you spot key facts that would have escaped you. And you have to chat with your competitors, even if you find them objectionable. So my final rule is: 5 A．Meet challenges with great courage. B．If you can't stand being with your real peers, get out of science. C．Put another way, it's to go somewhere beyond your ability and come out on top. D．Make sure you always have someone to save you from a deep mess. E．Avoid foolish people. F．In fact, I find it hard to do well in something I like. G．Besides, you even have to be prepared to disbelieve your scientific heroes. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何在科学上取得成功。 1．解析：选E　根据空后的内容可知，作者认为只有和比自己聪明的人在一起才能学到东西，所以本段建议避免和愚蠢的人在一起。故选E。 2．解析：选C　根据设空处前一句话可知，作者认为在科学或生活的游戏中，最高的目标不仅仅是获胜，而是做成一些非常困难的事情。换句话说，最高目标是去超出自己能力范围的领域并名列前茅。C选项是对前一句话的进一步解释。 3．解析：选G　根据设空处前文可知，作者认为如果想取得巨大成功，科学家必须准备好陷入很深的困境中。如果你要在科学上有一个巨大的飞跃，你很可能没有资格获得成功。此外，甚至也要准备好怀疑你心中的科学英雄，也就是要勇于质疑权威。故G选项符合语境。 4．解析：选F　根据设空处前一句话中的do well in something I dislike可知，在科学研究中，对于自己不喜欢的事情作者做不好，但对于自己喜欢的事情作者也不一定能做好。故选F。 5．解析：选B　根据前一段的内容可知，作者建议要和其他科学家交流，从而发现自己忽略的关键事实。甚至要和你的竞争对手交流，即使你觉得他们令人反感。因此本段建议如果你无法忍受与你真正相匹敌的人一起工作，你就不要进行科学研究了。故选B。 Ⅲ.语法填空 I recently heard a story about a famous scientist. When he 1. (ask) why he was able to succeed, he gave the answer. It all came from an experience with 2. mother when he was about two years old. “I was trying to get a bottle of milk from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell, spilling (溢出) the milk all over the floor－a sea of milk! I got 3. (frighten) and I didn't know what to do！” he said. Instead of 4. (punish) him, his mother asked him to play in the milk for a while. Then she said, “You know, we failed in how to 5. (successful) carry a big milk bottle with two tiny 6. (hand) just now. Let's go out in the yard and fill the bottle 7. water to see if you can discover a way to carry it.” This famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he 8. (know) he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes 9. were actually opportunities for learning something new. Even if the experiment “doesn't work”， we usually learn something 10. (value) from it. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章分享了一位著名科学家成功的一个小故事。 1．was asked　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当他被问到为什么他能够成功的时候，他给出了答案。主语he和ask之间是被动关系，该句应用被动语态。且根据主句中的gave可知，该句应用一般过去时态。 故填was asked。 2．his　考查代词。根据下文他的讲述内容可知，他谈论的是自己的妈妈对自己的影响。且该空修饰名词mother，应用形容词性物主代词。故填his。 3．frightened　考查词性转换。句意：我很害怕，我不知道该做些什么。get是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。且此处表示人的情绪，应用frightened。故填frightened。 4．punishing　考查非谓语动词。该空作介词of的宾语，应用动名词，故填punishing。 5．successfully　考查词性转换。该空修饰动词carry，应用副词。故填successfully。 6．hands　考查名词。空前有two修饰，应用名词复数。故填hands。 7．with　考查介词。fill sth. with sth.固定短语，“用……装满”，故填with。 8．knew　考查动词的时态。句意：这位著名的科学家接着说，就在那一刻，他知道他不需要害怕犯错，错误其实是学习新东西的机会。该空在句中作谓语，且根据上下文可知，这是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时态。 故填knew。 9．which/that　考查定语从句的引导词。“9. were actually opportunities for learning something new”是定语从句，修饰mistakes，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which/that引导该从句。故填which/that。 10．valuable　考查词性转换。句意：我们通常从中学到一些有价值的东西。该空修饰不定代词，应用形容词，故填valuable。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$