Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking (Ⅰ) 语篇研读课（教用Word）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第二册高中同步学案（人教版）

Unit 1　Science and Scientists [单元话题链接] 科学家与科学工作是《普通高中英语课程标准》中规定的话题之一，是培养学生英语学科核心素养的一个重要维度，该话题属于科技与生活的主题。它旨在帮助学生了解科学家们对人类的巨大贡献，鼓励学生向他们学习，努力掌握科学技术，进行科学研究，并将其应用到生活中，为人类造福。 What are the biggest problems that society will have to deal with in the new age? There are diseases like AIDS and cancer. There's climate change, of course. And what about producing enough cheap food and energy for the world's growing population? Who's going to solve all these terrible problems? Yes, politicians and world leaders will have a big part to play. Yes, businesses will need to create the economic wealth to pay for some of these things. But who's going to make a much greater difference to something like AIDS or climate change. It's going to be a scientist. It is the scientist who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems. If you like thinking about the world around you, why not become a scientist? It doesn't mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses and spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine! Scientists do all kinds of amazing things that are actually interesting! Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date. Forensic(法医的) scientists work with the police to find quite small clues to catch criminals. Scientists work in schools and colleges as teachers and professors who will train tomorrow's scientists.Don't think a scientist is far away! Maybe you like cooking? You could be a food technologist helping to keep fruit and vegetables fresher for longer. Perhaps sport is your thing？Do you know that most top athletes work with sports scientists in order to improve their performance? You could even be the science writer who gets to spend the life studying the latest advances and sharing them with the world. Looking for something to do for the rest of your life? My advice? Take a long and hard look at science. It is interesting and ever. 【词海拾贝】 1．disease /dɪˈziːz/　n．疾病；弊端；弊病 2．produce /prəˈdjuːs/ v．生产；制造；引起；产生 3．imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ v．想象；假设；猜测 4．military /ˈmɪlətri/ adj.军事的；武装的 5．criminal /ˈkrɪmɪnl/ n．罪犯adj.犯罪的；犯法的 6．technologist /tekˈnɒlədʒɪst/ n．技术专家；工艺学家 7．athlete /ˈæθliːt/ n．运动员；田径运动员 8．performance /pəˈfɔːməns/ n．演出；履行；执行；表现 Period 1　Reading and Thinking (Ⅰ)　语篇研读课 素养 目标 1.Learn something about John Snow. 2．Try to have the ability to skim and scan. 3．Learn how to guess the meaning of new words according to the context. 4．Learn to summarize the main idea of each paragraph and try to write a summary of the passage in your own words. Ⅰ.新词相知 (一)连线相匹配的英语释义。 1．severe 2．frustrated 3．infection 4．proof 5．raw 6．decrease 7．pure 8．transform a．cause to become shorter, smaller or less b．the act or progress of causing or getting a disease c．change the shape, appearance, quality or nature of something d．(of food) not cooked; in the natural state; not yet treated for use e．any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something f．not mixed with any other substance g．disappointingly unsuccessful h．intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality 答案：1～8.hgbedafc (二)结合语境， 从上面的表格中选择恰当的单词填空。 1. I'm feeling rather frustrated in my present job; I need a change. 2．Guterres congratulates China on the significant decrease of COVID-19 cases. 3．He is not satisfied with his life and he wants to transform himself into a successful businessman. 4．The air is very pure, and it often rains here. 5．Last year a severe storm turned the small village down to ground. 6．Do you want your vegetables cooked or raw? 7．He hasn't got any proof that this bike belongs to him. 8．The medicine was used to protect the whole population against infection. Ⅱ.短语熟记 1．subscribe to　 同意；赞同 2．find out 找出；查找；发现 3．in general 通常；大体上；一般而言 4．die from/of 死于(某种疾病) 5．once and for all 最终地；彻底地 6．as a result of 因为；由于 7．move away from 搬走；摆脱；远离 8．be to blame 该受责备；该负责 9．be likely to 有可能 10．thanks to 幸亏；由于 Step 1　Pre-reading 1．Look at the pictures and tell us who they are. A：Tu Youyou　B：Yuan Longping　C：Zhong Nanshan 2．Can you tell us what achievements they have made? ①Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin(青蒿素), a drug that has greatly reduced the death rates for patients suffering from malaria(疟疾)． ②Yuan Longping developed the hybrid rice, which helps to overcome the food shortage problems in China, even in other developing countries. ③Zhong Nanshan has made many great achievements in the fight against COVID-19. Step 2　While-reading Ⅰ.Read the passage and finish the following task. What does the passage mainly talk about? The passage mainly talks about how John Snow found the cause of “King Cholera” and finally the disease was defeated. Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each paragraph. Ⅲ.Choose the best answer. 1．Which of the following did John Snow think was the most important to defeat a disease? A．Finding its cause. B．Finding its cure. C．Finding its result. D．Finding its harm. 2．Which of the following streets had the most deaths from cholera? A．No.40 Broad Street. B．No.8 Cambridge Street. C．No.21 Broad Street. D．No.9 Cambridge Street. 3．Why did some households in No.20 and No.21 Broad Street had no deaths in the outbreak of cholera? A．Because they worked in the pub at NO.7 Cambridge Street which had cleaner conditions. B．Because they had drunk free beer instead of water from the Broad Street pump. C．Because the beer they had drunk could prevent against cholera. D．Because they had known the water from the Broad Street pump was dangerous to drink. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Polluted water was a main reason for spreading cholera. B．Broad Street and Cambridge Street had their own water pumps. C．Cholera spread through air. D．John Snow found the cause of cholera by accident. 答案：1～4.AABA Ⅳ.Sentence explanation. 1.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. 分析： by引导的介词短语在句中作方式状语; where引导定语从句, 修饰先行词places; on a map为地点状语前置； who引导的定语从句修饰先行词 those。 句意：斯诺开始通过在一张地图上标明所有死者住过的确切的地方开始(调查霍乱的原因)。 2．The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 分析： than引导比较状语; 两个who引导的是定语从句， 分别修饰 The people 和 those; be likely to 意为“有可能……”。 句意： 喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或是开水的人更有可能感染霍乱。 Step 3　Post-reading John Snow was a famous doctor in London, who was so expert that he attended 1.to Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he was better-known for 2.defeating (defeat) “King Cholera”． Cholera was a 3.deadly (dead) disease and neither its cause 4.nor its cure was understood. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve the problem. He 5.suspected (suspect) that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. So when another severe outbreak hit London, he began his enquiry. He found that many victims 6.linked (link) to the outbreak were near the water pump, so he had the handle 7.removed (remove). Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He drew 8.a conclusion that the polluted water was 9.to blame (blame)． The water 10.companies (company) were instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated. Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers. A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0－25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward. Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example. After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination. When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it. “This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, ”Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.” 1．What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them? A．They fed them. B．They named them. C．They trained them. D．They measured them. 2．How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment? A．By drawing a circle. B．By touching a screen. C．By watching videos. D．By mixing two drinks. 3．What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys? A．They could perform basic addition. B．They could understand simple words. C．They could memorize numbers easily. D．They could hold their attention for long. 4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Entertainment.　　　 B．Health. C．Education. D．Science. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。哈佛医学院的一位科学家领导的研究团队发现猴子能进行基本的加法计算。 1．解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0－25 drops of water or juice as a reward.”可知，在对这些猴子进行测试之前，研究人员对它们进行了培训。故C项正确。 2．解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.”可知，当猴子触摸屏幕左边时，它们会得到7滴水或者果汁的奖励；当它们触摸屏幕的另一端(即画着圆圈的部分)时，它们会得到17滴水或果汁的奖励。由此可知，猴子是通过触摸屏幕得到奖励的。故B项正确。 3．解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段“the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.”和第五段中的“When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.”可知，猴子会在超过一半的时间内选择更高的值，这意味着它们在进行计算，而不仅仅是记住每一个组合的值。所以猴子能够进行基本的加法计算。故A项正确。 4．解析：选D　推理判断题。通读整篇文章可知，该文介绍的是哈佛医学院的科学家Margaret Livingstone领导的一个研究团队对猴子进行实验得出的研究结果，这属于“科学研究”范畴，故该文应出现在报纸的“科学”版块。故D项正确。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$