课时作业8 Period 4（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第一册高中同步学案（人教版）

课时作业(八)　Unit 2　Period 4 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Climate forecast for 2050: cold London will be hot and dry like Barcelona，wet Seattle will be like drier San Francisco，and Washington D.C.will be more like today’s Nashville but with even greater changes in temperatures. “We wanted to know what the climate will be for 520 major cities in 2050，” said Tom Crowther，a researcher at ETH Zürich.To show their findings the Crowther Lab in Switzerland created a map that pairs one city’s future climate conditions with current ones.For example，Minneapolis in 2050 will be more like Kansas City，with Minneapolis’s warmest month shooting up from around 80 degrees Fahrenheit on average to more than 90 in 2050.Generally speaking，cities in the northern half of the earth will have the climates cities more than 620 miles to their south have today，he said. There are no good pairings for more than 22 percent of the world’s major cities — those with one million or more people now，researchers found.Those 115 cities，including Washington and 16 other U．S.cities，will have unprecedented (前所未有的) climate conditions by 2050 compared to what they saw in 2000，the baseline for the study.That doesn’t mean that Washington will be hotter than Riyadh，Saudi Arabia，today.It means that there is no current match for the wide climate changes in temperatures and rainfall the city will experience，said Crowther.Most of the 115 cities that will experience “novel” climates are in the tropics (热带地区) and include cities like Kuala Lumpur，Jakarta，Rangoon，and Singapore.Changes in tropical cities will be less in terms of temperature increases，but will have more rain. The study talked about climate in ways that will be more meaningful to the public and city planners.Knowing that London’s climate will be like Barcelona’s—which has experienced serious droughts requiring $25 million to buy drinking water from other countries in 2008—can help planners prepare for what’s coming. 【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了对于2050年世界范围内的气候变化的预测。 1．What will Seattle’s climate be like in 2050? A．It will be less wet. B．It will be cold but dry. C.It will be drier than today’s San Francisco. D．It will be the same as today’s Washington D．C. 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第一段中的wet Seattle will be like drier San Francisco可知，西雅图比较湿，圣弗朗西斯科比较干，2050年西雅图会变得像圣弗朗西斯科，也就是湿度减少，气候更干燥。 2．What is the Crowther Lab trying to do? A．To mark 520 major cities on a map. B．To show a city’s future climate using a current city. C.To put today’s cities with similar climates in pairs. D.To compare the northern half of the earth with the southern half. 解析：选B　推理判断题。由第二段中的To show their findings the Crowther Lab in Switzerland created a map that pairs one city’s future climate conditions with current ones可知，该实验室是要用现在的城市气候数据说明未来城市的气候变化。 3．Which city’s temperature will change less from now to 2050? A．Jakarta. B．Riyadh. C．Minneapolis. D．Kansas City. 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第三段中的Changes in tropical cities will be less in terms of temperature increases，but will have more rain可知，热带地区的城市气候变化较小。 4．What’s the importance of the study? A．Get city planners to think ahead. B．Help Barcelona out of difficulty. C．Make the public realize the danger. D.Stop London’s situation from getting worse. 解析：选A　推理判断题。由最后一段中的Knowing that London’s climate will be like Barcelona’s—which has experienced serious droughts requiring $25 million to buy drinking water from other countries in 2008—can help planners prepare for what’s coming可知，这个研究会促使城市规划者提前思考应对策略。 B For environmental reasons，Britain will ban all new petro­and diesel­powered vehicles from its roads beginning in 22 years，a government report says. The plan，expected Wednesday，aims to start removing petrol and diesel engines in 2040.It follows a similar official statement in France and comes after the British government was ordered by the High Court to develop new plans to reduce NO2 in the air.Judges ruled that previous clean­air plans were not enough to meet European Union pollution limits in the coming years. Britain’s government has said the poor air quality has an unnecessary and avoidable negative effect on citizens’ health，and costs up to 3.5 billion in annual lost productivity. Part of the new plan involves an offer of 260 million to local governments to change rules where vehicle emissions(排放)are over EU standards.Ideas so far include changing road layouts，reprogramming traffic lights and charging a fee for the oldest and most polluting cars on the road. The plan also includes 1.3 billion for government purchase of extreme­low­emission vehicles，nearly 130 million to improve infrastructure for electric vehicle charging stations and 378 million for remodeling existing vehicles. Climate change is also a reason for the plan to get these vehicles off the road.“We can’t carry on with petrol and diesel cars，” Environment Secretary Michael Gove said.“It’s important we all prepare for a significant change which deals not just with the problems of health caused by emissions，but the broader problems caused in terms of accelerating climate change.” Gove added that local communities are partly responsible for coming up with ways to limit emissions，including possible limitations on commuters(上下班往返者) and the addition of cleaner mass transportation options.Local leaders are called on to draw up “appropriate plans” to deal with climate challenges related to emission，he said. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。英国计划在2040年禁止使用汽油车和柴油车，英国最高法院要求政府制订新的计划减少空气污染，英国政府因此出台计划号召所有人一起努力实现这个目标。 5．Why does the British government decide on this ban? A．To focus on its citizens’ health. B．To respond to the court’s request. C．To promote solar energy in transport. D．To follow in France’s footsteps. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It follows a similar official statement in France and comes after the British government was ordered by the High Court to develop new plans to reduce NO2 in the air.”可知，英国最高法院要求政府制订新的计划减少空气污染，所以决定采用这个禁令是应英国法院的要求，故B项正确。 6．Which measure may the British government take to achieve its plan? A．Charging a fee for the cars. B.Removing old and high­emission vehicles. C．Spending some money on electric vehicles. D．Changing the way roads are arranged. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Ideas so far include changing road layouts，reprogramming traffic lights and charging a fee for the oldest and most polluting cars on the road.”可知，具体措施包括改变道路布局、重编交通灯、收取最旧车辆及污染车辆费等，故D项正确。 7．What can be inferred from Gove’s words? A．Convenient public transportation is badly needed. B．United efforts are required to achieve the plan. C．Vehicle emissions are the key factor in climate change. D．Petrol and diesel cars may hold back economic progress. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章最后两段内容可知，Gove认为所有人都应该共同努力，地方社区居民和地方领导人都要一起努力来促成这个计划，故B项正确。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 2050 seems a long way away，but it is not impossible to predict the future though.With the speed we are moving now so many amazing things are going to happen in the future. 1 Let’s start our predictions. ·The Internet will be free for everyone. The Internet is really a key driver these days. 2 There have already been attempts like Facebook’s Free Basics.Though it hasn’t happened yet，there is a very strong possibility that the Internet will be free for everyone in the future. · 3 With the increasing population，it is not very hard to predict that common methods of transportation will not be enough.There will be much heavier traffic on the road.So in this case personal airplanes will be a handy method of transportation for common people. Of course，there will be proper air traffic control for these personal airplanes. ·Most cancers will be treated successfully. 4 　It will be a huge achievement in the history of medical science.Many studies are already showing a trend (趋势) towards this. ·Humans will live on other planets. There will be great achievements in space research. 5 We will receive more intelligent signals from space.Chances are we will be able to find the next Earth­like planet. A.But it is not free for everyone yet. B．So where is technology going in the future? C.The world’s population will cross 9.6 billion. D．What do you think of my predictions of 2050. E.In the year 2050，humans will be able to live on Mars. F．Personal airplanes will be used widely for short journeys. G．The number of deaths caused by cancers will be greatly reduced. 【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。2050年，人们的生活会发生哪些变化呢？ 1．解析：选B　B项中所提的问题与下文中的predictions相呼应。 2．解析：选A　A项中的it指代上文中的The Internet，且该项内容与下文中的the Internet will be free for everyone in the future相照应。 3．解析：选F　虽然本部分涉及到人口问题，但主要讲的是由于人口增长而产生的交通问题，故F项符合本部分主旨。 4．解析：选G　G项中的cancers复现本部分小标题中的cancers，且下文中的this指的就是G项内容。 5．解析：选E　E项内容是上文中的great achievements in space research的一种，即太空研究的成果之一，E项中的Mars与本部分小标题中的planets和上文中的space密切相关。 Ⅲ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A smart home is one that 1._____(integrate) computers into the structure of the building 2._____(it).In this way，many of the things that we now do ourselves will become automatic，which will keep us secure，save us energy，and provide a more comfortable environment 3._____(live) in. For example，the smart home could control the air conditioning and lights so that you would no longer have to switch them on and off，making your home more energy­efficient.Your home will also learn your 4._____(day) routine and 5._____(prefer)，so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening.All controls will respond to voice commands，so if you want to change your routine，you just say aloud what you want and the home system 6._______ (obey). The smart home could also monitor itself to make sure that everything is working as it should，and send you a 7. _______ (warn) if there is a problem.Such smart homes could even 8. _______ (program) to detect your health problems，and then give you relevant advice as to the food you should eat 9. _______if you should see a doctor.Smart home can also prevent us from disasters.So in 10. _______sense，smart homes will lead us to living smarter lives. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是智能家居的优势。 1．integrates　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：智能家居是一种将电脑集成到建筑结构本身的家居。通篇时态是一般现在时，关系代词that指代one，是不定代词，其后谓语动词用单数，因此空格处是第三人称单数integrates，故填integrates。 2．itself 考查反身代词。句意：智能家居是一种将电脑集成到建筑结构本身的家居。根据语境可知，这里指建筑本身，因此空格处用反身代词itself，故填itself。 3．to live　考查不定式。句意：通过这种方式，我们现在自己做的许多事情将成为自动的，这将使我们安全，节省我们的能源，并提供一个更舒适的生活环境。根据语境可知，句子表示“这提供一个更舒适的生活环境”，空格处用不定式作后置定语，修饰名词environment，故填to live。 4．daily　考查形容词。句意：你的家也会了解你的日常安排和喜好，所以当你每天晚上回家时，一切都会为你准备好。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词routine，day的形容词是daily，意为“日常的”，故填daily。 5．preferences　考查名词。句意：你的家也会了解你的日常安排和喜好，所以当你每天晚上回家时，一切都会为你准备好。空格处跟在your后，因此需用名词，prefer的名词是preference，意为“喜好”，前面无冠词，需用复数形式，故填preferences。 6．will obey　考查时态。句意：所有的控制都将响应语音命令，所以如果你想改变你的日常生活，只要大声说出你想要什么，家庭系统就会服从。say aloud what you want是祈使句，暗含将来时，因此空格处时态用一般将来时，即will obey，故填will obey。 7．warning　考查名词。句意：智能家居还可以自我监控，以确保一切正常运行，并在出现问题时向你发出警告。a后用名词的单数，warn的名词是warning，意为“警告”，故填warning。 8．be programmed 考查被动语态。句意：这种智能家居甚至可以通过编程检测你的健康问题，然后给你有关你应该吃什么、或者是否应该看医生的建议。智能家居是被编程，因此句子用被动语态，could是情态动词，其后跟动词原形，因此空格处是be programmed，故填be programmed。 9．or　考查连词。句意：这种智能家居甚至可以通过编程检测你的健康问题，然后给你有关你应该吃什么、是否应该看医生的建议。分析可知，if you should see a doctor和前面的detect your health problems，and then give you relevant advice as to the food you should eat是选择关系，因此空格处连词or，故填or。 10．a　考查固定短语。句意：所以在某种意义上，智能家居将引领我们过上更智能的生活。in a sense是固定短语，意为“在某种意义上”，且sense的发音是辅音音素开头，因此空格处是a，故填a。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$