课时作业(6) Unit 1 Section Ⅱ（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高一英语必修第一册高中同步学案（人教版）

课时作业(六)　Unit 1　Section Ⅱ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A For decades, the homework standard has been a “10­minute” rule, which suggests a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level. But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a break. A Massachusetts elementary school has announced a no­homework pilot(试点的)program for the coming school year, extending the school day by two hours to provide more in­class instruction. “We really want kids to go home at 4 o'clock, tired，” Kelly Elementary School Principal Jackie Glasheen said.“We want them to enjoy their families. We want them to go to soccer practice or football practice.” New solutions to homework differ by community. These local debates aren't easily understood by the fact that even education experts disagree about what's best for kids. The most all­round research on homework so far comes from an analysis(分析) by Duke University professor Harris Cooper, who found evidence(证据)of a positive relationship between homework and student achievement, meaning students who did homework performed better in school. Cooper's analysis focused on how homework influences test scores. The relationship was stronger for older students—in 7th through 12th grade—than for those in younger grades, for whom there was a weak relationship between homework and performance. Although there is the weak relationship between homework and performance for young children, Cooper argues that a small amount of homework is useful for all students. Second­graders should not be doing two hours of homework each night, he said, but they also shouldn't be doing no homework. However, Cathy Vatterott, an education professor at the University Missouri­St. Louis, thinks there is not enough evidence that homework is helpful for students in elementary school, “Relationship is not a cause，” she said “Does homework cause achievement, or do high achievers do more homework？” Vatterott thinks there should be more stress on improving the quality of homework tasks, and she supports efforts to ban homework for younger kids. 【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要围绕学生们是否应该有家庭作业，家庭作业对学生们好不好这些问题进行讨论。 1．What will Kelly Elementary School have in the new term? A．No homework.　 　 B．Some football practice. C．“10­minute” homework. D．More physical education classes. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段“A Massachusetts elementary school has announced a no­homework pilot(试点的)program for the coming school year，”(麻省的一个小学已经宣布了一个在即将到来的这个学年没有作业的试点项目，)可知，Kelly Elementary School在新学期将没有作业。故选A。 2．Who can perform better according to Cooper's analysis？　 A．Younger students in all grades with no homework. B．Younger students in lower grades with no homework. C．Older students in lower grades with more homework. D．Older students in higher grades with more homework. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段“...meaning students who did homework performed better in school. Cooper's analysis focused on how homework influences test scores. The relationship was stronger for older students—in 7th through 12th grade—than for those in younger grades...”(意思是做家庭作业的学生们的学校表现要更好。Cooper的分析集中在家庭作业是如何影响考试成绩的。这个关系对于7到12年级的大点的学生要比那些年龄小点的强。)可知，年龄大点的高年级学生作业多的学校表现会更好。故选D。 3．What's the writer's attitude towards “10­minute” homework? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Unknown. D．Doubtful. 解析：C　推理判断题。文章只是在第一段“For decades, the homework standard has been a ‘10­minute’ rule, which suggests a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level.”(几十年来，家庭作业的标准一直都是“10分钟”原则，意思是每个年级每天最多写10分钟的家庭作业。)和第二段“But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a break.”(但是有一些学校已经开始让小年龄的学生们打破这个规则了。)阐述了一下“10分钟”原则，但是作者并没有对它表示任何的看法。故选C。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Is homework good for students? B．How much homework is proper? C．Does high­quality homework work? D．Do students really hate homework? 解析：A　主旨大意题。本文由“10分钟”原则引入学生们的家庭作业问题，接下来告诉读者有一些小学要实施没有家庭作业的试点项目，然后阐述了专家的意见：高年级的学生们家庭作业多的在考试中表现会更好。所以，总结来说，这篇文章就是围绕家庭作业对学生们好不好来讨论的。故选A。 B Many of us are lucky enough to have some degree of choice over what we eat. But are the decisions we make about our diet as free as we assume? It appears we're hugely influenced by other people—especially those closest to us—when it comes to what we eat. Research has found that the closer and stronger two people's connection is, the more sway they have over each other's food choices. This means social signals generally encourage us to eat more. Being around healthy eaters may guide you to eat healthier as well, though. Eating habits are also affected by what we see. “There is proof that, if you see pictures of food, that visual stimulation(刺激) can inspire your desire to cat，” says a UK scientist, Suzanne Higgs. Social media is one place where visual and social signals meet. Evidence shows if friends in your social network post(发帖子) regularly about particular types of food, it could lead you to copy them, for better or for worse. And research indicates that social media might be changing our relationship with food, making us think differently about what we eat. “If all your friends on social media are posting pictures of themselves consuming fast food, it's going to set a norm that eating fast food is what people do，” says Higgs. Research suggests we're more likely to be attracted by photos of fast food, especially some rich in saturated fat(饱和脂肪), which can make us feel good, says Ethan Pancer, a professor in Canada.Humans are biologically prepared to seek out high­calorie food—an ability that helped our ancestors survive when they searched for food. “Healthier foods are often seen as boring in comparison, and processed food is considered ‘cool’，” a researcher from France, Tina Tessitore, adds that, “In advertising, you see unhealthy food in social settings—people having a barbeque with friends, for example, while healthy food usually focuses more on the nutritional value. If you saw friends eating salad together, it wouldn't seem so true.” All of the findings are bothering researchers about the effects of social media, whether good or bad. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍我们的饮食容易受到各种因素的影响，其中身边的人、社交媒体以及快餐食物的图片等对我们饮食的选择都会产生不同程度的影响。 5．The underlined word “sway” in Para.2 is closest in meaning to “______”． A．influence B．movement C．benefit D．harm 解析：A　词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“It appears we're hugely influenced by other people—especially those closest to us—when it comes to what we eat.(当我们吃什么的时候，我们似乎受到其他人的巨大影响，尤其是那些与我们最亲近的人。)”和下文“This means social signals generally encourage us to eat more.(这意味着社会信号通常会鼓励我们吃得更多。)”可知，当我们吃什么的时候，会受到其他人的巨大影响，社会信号通常会鼓励我们吃得更多，这说明两个人之间的联系越紧密、越牢固，他们对彼此食物选择的影响就越大。由此可推知，划线单词sway意为“影响”，与A项“influence(影响)”意思一样，故选A。 6．Which of the statements might Suzanne Higgs agree with? A．Seeing photos of familiar food prevents you from eating more. B．Social media has more influence on your dieting than close friends. C．You may fall into the habit of fast food consumption following social media. D．You're sure to imitate what others make and eat if you regularly surf the Internet. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“‘If all your friends on social media are posting pictures of themselves consuming fast food, it's going to set a norm that eating fast food is what people do，’ says Higgs.(Higgs说，“如果在社交媒体上你所有的朋友都在发他们吃快餐的照片，那这将建立一个标准：人们吃快餐是常态。”)”可推知，Higgs认为关注社交媒体上朋友的动态会让人容易养成吃快餐的习惯。故选C项。 7．What can we infer from the article? A．People are free to make a choice on what to eat. B．Human beings are born to choose food rich in calorie. C．The young generation prefer fast food because it's “cool”． D．You'll be easily encouraged to pick out food by experts. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Humans are biologically prepared to seek out high­calorie food—an ability that helped our ancestors survive when they searched for food.( 从生物学角度讲，人类已经做好了寻找高卡路里食物的准备——这种能力曾帮助我们的祖先在寻找食物时生存下来。)”可推知，我们天生就倾向选择高热量的食物。故选B项。 8．What's the author's main purpose in writing the article? A．To present factors affecting eating habits. B．To explain the reasons for advertising food. C．To raise public awareness of physical health. D．To conclude findings of a new research. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“But are the decisions we make about our diet as free as we assume？(但是我们关于饮食所做的选择是不是真如我们设想那样自由呢？)”以及第二段的首句“It appears we're hugely influenced by other people—especially those closest to us—when it comes to what we eat.(当谈论我们吃什么时，我们似乎受到他人的影响很大，特别是那些和我们最亲近的人。)”与第二段的“Eating habits are also affected by what we see.(我们所看到的也会影响我们的饮食习惯。)”可知，作者通过下文的内容来回答在第一段所提出的问题，即介绍了我们的饮食容易受到各种因素的影响，其中身边的人、社交媒体以及快餐食物的图片等对我们饮食的选择都会产生不同程度的影响。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是为了呈现影响我们饮食选择的各种因素。故选A项。 Ⅱ.语法填空 Tony was born 1.________ a small farm near Yuma Arizona on March 31，1931.Tony was ten years old 2.________ he began working in the fields.He was forced to leave school after 3.________ (graduate) from the eighth grade in order to support his family who had very little money and often not enough food 4.________ (eat)．But Tony and his family never thought of 5.________ (them) as being poor.His mother would often tell him and his brother Richard to find homeless and hungry men so she could cook them a meal. A few years 6.________ (late)，Tony met a man named Fred Ross.And his life 7.________ (total) changed.Fred Ross believed that if people worked together，they could make their community 8.________ (good)．Tony now worked 9.________ (bring) people together and find ways to solve their problems.Tony，Fred Ross and the Community Service Organisation helped people in the community learn how to vote.10.________，they taught people that community leaders should respect voters.Tony worked in many communities to help people get respect from others. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。讲的是贫苦家庭的孩子托尼因家庭贫困而早早辍学，但是他没有对生活失去信心，而是在妈妈的教导下热心帮助别人，并与另外一个爱心人士联合社区一起帮助社区里的人们。 1．on　考查介词。句意：托尼在1931年3月31日出生在亚利桑那州尤马附近的一个小农场上。“在一个小农场上”应用on a small farm表示。故填on。 2．when　考查状语从句。句意：当托尼开始在田地里工作的时候，他才十岁。when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。 3．graduating　考查非谓语动词。句意：他八年级毕业以后就被迫辍学，为的是养活贫穷且经常没有足够食物吃的家庭。after在此处是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填graduating。 4．to eat　考查固定用法。“have enough＋n.＋ to do sth.”是固定结构，表示“有足够的……做某事”，不定式短语作定语。故填to eat。 5．themselves　考查代词。句意：但是托尼和他的家人从来没有认为自己是贫穷的。设空处与主语指代相同的人，所以用反身代词作宾语，且主语是复数，故填themselves。 6．later　考查副词。表示“几年以后”应用a few years later，later是副词，意为“以后”。 7．totally　考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词changed应用副词作状语。故填totally。 8．better　考查比较级。句意：弗雷德·罗斯认为如果人们合作，他们能够让社区更好。此处表示与现状进行比较，应用比较级。故填better。 9．to bring　考查非谓语动词。句意：托尼现在致力于把人们聚集到一起，找到解决他们的问题的办法。设空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to bring。 10．Besides　考查副词。设空处前的“托尼和弗雷德·罗斯以及社区服务组织帮助这个社区的人们学习怎么投票”和设空处后的“他们教给人们社区领导应当尊重选民”是递进关系，应填Besides，意为“除……之外(还)”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$