Unit 2 课时3 Understanding ideas（Grammar）（分层作业）英语外研版八年级上册

Unit 2 Getting along 课时3 Understanding ideas(Grammar) 分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 05思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 要表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在（包括 “ 现在 ” 在内），甚至还可能延续下去，我们也可以借助现在完成时，此时常与 “for+ 时间段 ” 或 “since+ 过去的时间点 / 从句 ” 连用。 for+ 一段时间 ，表示 “ 持续 ……” ； since+ … ago / 过去时的句子 ，表示 “ 自从 …… 以来 ” 。 注意：含 for 和含 since 的现在完成时的句子有时可互相转换。 我从 13 年前开始就住在这里。 I’ve lived here since 13 years ago. = I’ve lived here for 13 years. = It has been 13 years since I began to live here. 与表示一段时间的标志词连用，短暂性动词要变为持续性动词（见下表）。表示一段时间的标志词有： for ， since ， how long 。 ) ( 他加入共青团两年了。 （ × ） He has joined the Communist Youth League for two years. （ √ ） He has been a member of the Communist Youth League for two years. 这块手表我买了两年了。 （ × ） I have bought this watch for two years. （ √ ） I have had this watch for two years. ) 一、单项选择 1．Many of my classmates have lived in Suqian ________ they were born. A．for B．when C．since D．before 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的很多同学自出生起就一直生活在宿迁。 考查从属连词辨析。for因为；when当……时；since自从；before在……之前。根据“Many of my classmates have lived in Suqian ... they were born.”可知，此处是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构，故选C。 2．With the help of Mr. Hunt, I ________ much progress in math since last year. A．am speaking B．will make C．have made D．was making 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在亨特先生的帮助下，自从去年以来，我在数学方面取得了很大进步。 考查时态。am speaking现在进行时；will make一般将来时；have made现在完成时；was making过去进行时。根据“since last year”以及选项可知，句子用现在完成时。故选C。 3．Sally has stayed with a Chinese family ________ she came to China. A．since B．as C．for D．from 【答案】A 【详解】句意：自从萨莉来到中国后，她一直住在一个中国家庭。 考查连词以及介词辨析。since自从；as当……时（连词），作为（介词）；for为了；from来自。空后“she came to China”是一个句子，空处用连词，主句时态为现在完成时，since符合，此处表示动作从该时间点开始一直持续到现在。故选A。 4．—How long have you lived in SiYang? —________the end of last year. A．At B．Since C．For D．Before 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你在泗阳住了多久了？——从去年年底开始。 考查介词辨析。At表示“在某个具体时间点”；Since自从，后接具体时间点；For表示“持续的时间长度”，后接时间段；Before在……之前。根据“How long have you lived in SiYang?”可知，此处在询问在泗阳居住的时间长度。答句表示从去年年底开始居住，因此需要用since来引导时间点，表示动作从那时开始持续到现在。故选B。 5．Julie ________ Gary ________ she left college. A．has married, for B．has gotten married to, since C．has married, after D．has been married to, since 【答案】D 【详解】句意：朱莉自从离开大学后嫁给了加里。 考查现在完成时。查时态和连词。for因为；since自从；after在……之后。marry嫁，是短暂性动词，since引导的时间状语从句，主句应用现在完成时，marry为非延续性动词，应使用形容词be married；for后跟时间，不跟句子，排除A；after与一般过去时连用，排除C。故选D。 6．Daming ________ a member of the school space club for two years. A．was B．is C．will be D．has been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：大明成为学校太空俱乐部的成员已经两年了。 考查时态。根据“for two years”可知，句子时态为现在完成时。故选D。 7．—Where are the teachers now? —In the meeting room. The meeting ________ for 10 minutes. A．has begun B．has been on C．has had 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——老师们现在在哪里？ ——在会议室里。会议已经开始10分钟了。 考查动词时态。根据“for 10 minutes”可知，此句时态为现在完成时，谓语动词需要用延续性动词，且此处表示会议已经开始10分钟了，应用have/has been on，主语为名词单数，故应用has been on。故选B。 8．Alex’s grandfather _______ tea culture for ten years. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．was studying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：亚历克斯的祖父研究茶文化已有十年时间。   考查动词时态辨析。studies一般现在时；studied一般过去时；has studied现在完成时；was studying过去进行时。根据时间状语“for ten years”表示持续十年的动作，强调从过去持续到现在并可能继续，应使用现在完成时。故选C。 9．Lily says she _________ the book for ten days and she has to return it to the library today. A．has borrowed B．borrowed C．has kept D．is going to borrow 【答案】C 【详解】句意：莉莉说她已经把这本书借了十天了，今天必须把它还给图书馆。 考查动词辨析及时态。borrow借入，非延续性动词；keep借，延续性动词。根据“for ten days”可知用延续性动词，结合“he has to return it to the library today”可知过去发生的借书的动作，对现在造成了“必须把它还给图书馆”的影响，用现在完成时。故选C。 10．—I Tom for two years. How is he now? Is he still often ill? —No. He is in excellent condition. A．don’t see B．haven’t seen C．didn’t see D．won’t see 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我已经两年没见汤姆了。他现在怎么样？还经常生病吗？——没有。他现在身体非常好。 考查现在完成时。根据“for two years”可知，时态为现在完成时have/has + 过去分词结构。故选B。 11．—Are you a soccer player in your school? —Yes, I ________ the team two years ago. I ________ in the team for two years. A．have joined; have been B．was joined; am C．joined; was D．joined; have been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你是你们学校的足球运动员吗？——是的，两年前我加入了足球队。我已经在队里两年了。 考查一般过去时和现在完成时时态。根据“two years ago”可知，动作发生在过去且是主语主动发出，因此排除选项A及选项B；根据“for two years”可知，第二个题空时态为现在完成时，现在完成时的谓语动词形式为have/has done。故选D。 12．—I haven’t finished the book Three Days to See. —How come? You ________ it for a whole month! A．have had B．have bought C．will have D．will buy 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我还没读完《假如给我三天光明》这本书。——怎么会？你拥有它一整个月了！ 考查现在完成时态和延续性动词。根据“for a whole month”可知，句子需用现在完成时（have + 过去分词），排除C、D；“for a whole month”时间段，动词须用延续性动词，“have bought”中的“bought”是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，而“have had”中的“had”是延续性动词，所以排除B。故选A。 13．We often go to the community library to read books. It ________ for three years. A．opens B．opened C．will open D．has been open 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们经常去社区图书馆看书。它已经开放了三年。 考查时态。根据“for three years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，D项符合。故选D。 14．—My mother ________ Shanghai to attend a meeting for 2 days. —Really? Have you started to miss her? A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has arrived in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我妈妈在上海开会两天了。——真的吗？你已经开始想她了吗？ 考查现在完成时的用法。has been to曾经去过，已回来；has gone to已经去了，未回来，瞬间性动词；has been in持续待在，延续性动词；has arrived in已到达，瞬间性动词。根据“Have you started to miss her?”可知，妈妈没在说话处，排除选项A；又根据“for 2 days”可知，此句用现在完成时，且动词用延续性动词have been in。故选C。 15．My grandparents ________ for sixty years. They are living a peaceful life in the countryside. A．married B．got married C．have married D．have been married 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的祖父母已经结婚60年了。他们在乡下过着平静的生活。 考查动词时态和语态。married一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；got married一般过去时，强调结婚的动作；have married现在完成时，表示已经结婚但不符合持续状态表达；have been married现在完成时，表示持续到现在的婚姻状态。根据“for sixty years”的时间状语，可知需用现在完成时表示持续状态。故选D。 二、完成句子 1．We played table tennis two hours ago. (用现在完成时改写) We table tennis two hours. 【答案】 have played for 【详解】句意：我们两个小时前打了乒乓球。要求改为现在完成时，结构为have/has done，主语是We，助动词用have；过去分词用played；two hours是一段时间，用介词for，表示动作的持续。故填have；played；for。 2．Jim has studied in Australia for three years. (改为同义句) Jim has studied in Australia three years . 【答案】 since ago 【详解】句意：吉姆在澳大利亚学习了三年。for+时间段指“持续一段时间”，同义结构为：since+时间段+ago，表示“从……前开始”。故填since；ago。 3．I hear that Mrs. Green has been in our school for five days. （改为同义句） I hear that it is five days Mrs. Green to our school. 【答案】 since came 【详解】句意：我听说自从格林太太来我们学校，已经五天了。It is+时间段+since+一般过去时的从句，表示“自从……已经多长时间了”。故第一空用since，第二空用过去式，come to来，其过去式为came。故填since；came。 4．The volunteers helped repair over ten bicycles last week. (用现在完成时改写) The volunteers helped repair over ten bicycles last week. 【答案】 have since 【详解】句意：志愿者们上周帮助修复了超过十辆自行车。要求改为现在完成时，则表示为“自从上周以来，志愿者们已经帮助修复了超过十辆自行车”，用since+时间点，表示“自从……以来”，现在完成时结构为have/has done，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have；since。 5．He came to China ten years ago. Now he is still in China. (合并为一句) He China ten years. 【答案】 has been in for 【详解】句意：他十年前来到中国。现在他还在中国。此处表达的意思为“他在中国已经十年了”，表示过去发生持续到现在的动作应为现在完成时，主语是He，谓语构成为has done形式，have been in意为“在某地待了……”，可跟一段时间连用，此处用for加一段时间ten years。故填has；been；in；for。 6．My teacher left JieYang two days ago. （改为现在完成时） My teacher has been from JieYang two days ago. 【答案】 away since 【详解】句意：我的老师两天前离开了揭阳。题目要求改成现在完成时，动词需要用延续性动词，leave的延续性动词为be away from，since+一段时间+ago，也用现在完成时。故填away；since。 7．He bought this watch ten years ago. And now he still keeps it. (合并为一句) He this watch ten years ago. 【答案】 has had since 【详解】句意：他十年前买了这块手表。他现在还保留着它。把两句话合并为一句话可表达为“自十年前以来，他就有这块手表了”，时态用现在完成时has/have done，表示动作的持续；buy是非延续性动词，应替换为延续性动词have“拥有”，其过去分词为had，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has；根据“ten years ago”可知，应用“since+时间点”表示“从10年前以来”。故填has；had；since。 8．Sarah became a fan ofAmerican country music three years ago. (改为同义句) Sarah a fan of American country music since three years ago. 【答案】 has been 【详解】句意：萨拉三年前成为了美国乡村音乐的粉丝。原句用一般过去时表示过去某个时间点发生的动作，改为同义句时，“since three years ago”是现在完成时的标志，需用“have/has+过去分词”结构。主语Sarah是第三人称单数，助动词用has；表示“成为”用be动词的过去分词为been。故填has；been。 9．Jackson went back to Chongqing 10 days ago.（同义句） Jackson back in Chongqing since 10 days ago. 【答案】 has been 【详解】句意：杰克逊10天前回到了重庆。原句中“went back to”，是一般过去时。同义句中“since 10 days ago”是现在完成时的标志，现在完成时的结构是“have/has+过去分词”，且“在重庆”应用be back in Chongqing ，主语Jackson是第三人称单数，助动词用has，be的过去分词是been。故填has been。 10．The homeless cat died 2 days ago. (同义句转化) The homeless cat for 2 days. 【答案】 has been dead 【详解】句意：那只流浪猫两天前死了。根据“for 2 days”可知，改写后的句子应用现在完成时“have/has done”，主语是“The homeless cat”，因此助动词用has；原句中的“died”是短暂性动词，应改为be dead，be的过去分词为been。故填has；been；dead。 一、语法选择 Volunteering is a great way to help others. For example, you can help your classmates with their homework or you can talk with 1 elderly person. Helping others can actually help yourself, too. 2 a girl called Jane. She worked as a volunteer 3 the Hillside Soup Kitchen when she was 16 years old. She 4 there for three years. The soup kitchen serves different kinds of food, drinks and snacks to hungry families. “I like helping other people. And I think I can learn a lot from it, too. Volunteering gives me a chance to meet many people 5 helps me communicate with people. For example, I have made many good 6 there,” says Jane. Every Saturday, Jane wakes up early and goes to the soup kitchen after having breakfast. The soup kitchen is not far away from 7 home. It takes Jane fifteen minutes 8 there. “The families are very friendly,” she says. “I always say hello 9 before I give them food, and they always say thank you to me.” When Jane sees the smiles on their faces, she feels much 10 . She will help more people in the future. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．It is B．There is C．They are 3．A．at B．by C．with 4．A．works B．is working C．has worked 5．A．so B．or C．and 6．A．friend B．friends C．friends’ 7．A．her B．she C．hers 8．A．get B．got C．to get 9．A．kind B．kindly C．kindness 10．A．happy B．happier C．the happiest 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了志愿者Jane在Hillside Soup Kitchen帮助他人的经历及其感悟。 1．句意：你可以和一位老人聊天。 a一个（泛指）；an一个（元音音素开头）；the这个（特指）。空格后“elderly person”以元音音素/e/开头，需用不定冠词an表泛指。故选B。 2．句意：有一个叫Jane的女孩。 It is它是；There is有（存在句）；They are他们是。存在句结构“There is+单数名词”描述客观存在。故选B。 3．句意：她16岁时在Hillside Soup Kitchen做志愿者。 at在（后接小地点）；by通过；with和。固定搭配“work at+小地点”，表示“在……工作”。“the Hillside Soup Kitchen” 是小地点，用 “at”。故选A。 4．句意：她已在那里工作了三年。 works一般现在时；is working现在进行时；has worked现在完成时。时间状语“for three years”强调持续动作，需用现在完成时。故选C。 5．句意：志愿活动让我有机会结识许多人，并帮助我与他人沟通。 so因此；or或者；and并且。“meet people”与“helps me communicate”是并列关系，需用连词and连接。故选C。 6．句意：例如，我在那里交到了许多好朋友。 friend朋友（单数）；friends朋友（复数）；friends’朋友的（所有格）。 “many”修饰可数名词复数。故选B。 7．句意：Soup Kitchen离她家不远。 her她的（形容词性物主代词）；she她（主格）；hers她的（名词性物主代词）。空格后“home”需形容词性物主代词修饰。故选A。 8．句意：Jane到那里需要15分钟。 get动词原形；got过去式；to get不定式。此处是固定句型“It takes sb. time to do sth.”需用不定式。故选C。 9．句意：我在给他们食物前总是亲切地打招呼，他们总是对我说谢谢。 kind善良的（形容词）；kindly友好地（副词）；kindness善良（名词）。空格修饰动词“say hello”需用副词。故选B。 10．句意：当她看到他们脸上的笑容时，她感到更开心了。 happy高兴的（原级）；happier更高兴的（比较级）；the happiest最高兴的（最高级）。“much”修饰比较级，表示程度加深。故选B。 二、完形填空 Once upon a time, there lived a strange bird. The bird had two heads but only one 1 . One day, one of the heads saw a fruit on a tree. He picked it and started 2 the fruit. The fruit tasted very nice. He said, “It is one of the most 3 fruits I have ever eaten.” The other head wanted to 4 the fruit, too. But the first head laughed and 5 to share the fruit with the other head. Later that day, the second head found another tree. The tree had poisonous (有毒的) fruits. He picked a poisonous 6 and told the first head, “I will eat it.” The first head was 7 that he would die if the second one did so. The fear of death caused him to shout 8 , “Please don’t eat the poisonous fruit. If you eat it, neither of us will live.” The two heads 9 that they had only one stomach. If they don’t want to die, they must learn to 10 each other. They must learn to share with each other. 1．A．hand B．stomach C．neck D．throat 2．A．throwing B．collecting C．eating D．boating 3．A．terrible B．unusual C．beautiful D．delicious 4．A．taste B．borrow C．pick D．hold 5．A．offered B．agreed C．hurried D．refused 6．A．flower B．leaf C．fruit D．tree 7．A．silly B．sad C．happy D．afraid 8．A．loudly B．recently C．mostly D．mainly 9．A．introduced B．reminded C．reported D．realized 10．A．take after B．get on well with C．try out for D．work out 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文是一则寓言故事，讲的是一只两头鸟的故事。这两个头不合，平时总是各自为政，后来其中一个头遇到一个有毒的水果，另一个头不让他吃，最终双方达成协议，以后要互相分享。这个故事告诉我们：没有人可以独自生活，我们要学会分享。 1．句意：这只鸟有两个头，但只有一个肚子。 hand手；stomach肚子；neck脖子；throat喉咙。根据后文“The two heads…that they had only one stomach.”可知，此处应该表达这只鸟有两个头，但只有一个肚子。故选B。 2．句意：他摘了下来，开始吃水果。 throwing扔；collecting收集；eating吃；boating划船。根据后一句“The fruit tasted very nice.”可知，这只鸟开始吃水果。故选C。 3．句意：这是我吃过的最美味的水果之一。 terrible糟糕的；unusual不寻常的；beautiful漂亮的；delicious美味的。根据前一句“The fruit tasted very nice.”可知，水果是美味的。故选D。 4．句意：另一个头也想尝尝水果。 taste品尝；borrow借；pick采，摘；hold抓住。根据后一句“But the first head laughed and…to share the fruit with the other head.”可知，此处指的是另一个头也想尝尝水果。故选A。 5．句意：但第一个头笑了，拒绝与另一个头分享水果。 offered提供；agreed同意；hurried匆忙；refused拒绝。根据前文“The other head wanted to taste the fruit, too.”和句中“But”可知，此处表示转折，即第一个头拒绝与第二个头分享。故选D。 6．句意：他摘了一个有毒的水果，对第一个头说。 flower花；leaf叶子；fruit水果；tree树。根据后文“Please don’t eat the poisonous fruit.”可知，此处指的是他摘了一个有毒的水果。故选C。 7．句意：第一个头是害怕的，如果第二个这样做，他会死。 silly愚蠢的；sad伤心的；happy开心的；afraid害怕的。根据后一句“The fear of death caused him to shout…”可知，第一个头是害怕的。故选D。 8．句意：对死亡的恐惧使他大声喊叫。 loudly大声地；recently近来；mostly大多数；mainly主要地。根据“The fear of death caused him to shout…, ‘Please don’t eat the poisonous fruit. If you eat it, neither of us will live.’”，结合选项可知，此处指的是对死亡的恐惧使他大声喊叫。故选A。 9．句意：两个头意识到自己只有一个肚子。 introduced介绍；reminded使想起； reported报告；realized了解到，意识到。根据“The two heads…that they had only one stomach.”，结合选项可知，此处应该表达两个头意识到自己只有一个肚子。故选D。 10．句意：如果他们不想死，他们必须学会彼此友好相处。 take after相像；get on well with与……友好相处；try out for参加选拔；work out解决。根据后一句“They must learn to share with each other.”，结合选项可知，此处应该表达如果他们不想死，他们必须学会彼此友好相处。故选B。 一、阅读理解 When we choose a house, we all want to have nice neighbours, because most of us think that they are helpful to our life. But what kind of neighbour is good? The answers are different from person to person. Here are my answers. First, it is very important to respect (尊重) each other. If our neighbours always want to know more about our life, how will we feel? He or she may also talk with others about our life. Do you want to live with him or her? The answer is “No”. We will feel very annoyed at having this kind of neighbours and move away quickly. Next, a good neighbour is always ready to give us a hand when we are in need. For example, if we are not at home, our good neighbours will help us take care of the pets. Finally, a good neighbour should love the environment. He or she never throws rubbish here and there, because the good environment can make us comfortable and happy. I think we all should learn to be a good neighbour, and build a friendly community together! 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving an example. C．By asking a question. D．By giving a fact. 2．We want to have nice neighbours because_________. A．they can share food with us B．they can help us C．they can make us feel safe D．they can make our life colourful 3．Nice neighbours will________. A．talk with others about our life B．want to know more about our life C．look after our pets when we are away D．never give us a hand 4．The underlined word “annoyed” in Paragraph 2 means “_______”. A．angry B．lonely C．excited D．glad 5．新考法篇章结构What’s the structure (结构) of this passage? (Paragraph 1 =①,…) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文主要阐述了作者认为的好邻居应具备的三个特点。， 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But what kind of neighbour is good?”可知, 作者通过问问题的方式开篇。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"When we choose a house, we all want to have nice neighbours, because most of us think that they are helpful to our life"可知， 我们想要好邻居是因为他们对我们的生活会有所帮助。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“a good neighbour is always ready to give us a hand when we are in need…help us take care of the pets” 可知， 好邻居会在我们需要的时候提供帮助。故选C。 4．词义猜测题。根据“If our neighbours always want to know more about our life...The answer is ‘No’”可知，当邻居试图过多了解我们的生活并和别人谈论我们的生活时， 我们不想再和这样的邻居一起生活， 由此可推测“annoyed”的意思是“生气的”。故选A。 5．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章第一段提出 问题“But what kind of neighbour is good ”，引出关于好邻居的讨论； 第二、三、四段分别从尊重彼此、乐于助人、爱护环境三个方面阐述好邻居的标准； 最后总结全文， 呼吁大家做一位好邻居，共建友好型社区。文章整体结构为“总一分—总”。故选C。 “A friend in need is a friend indeed. “ Friends are important to us. Friends help us get through hard times. Friends also influence us a lot. Let’s enjoy two poems about friendship. To Wang Lun I, Li Bai, sit aboard a ship about to go, When suddenly on shore your farewell songs overflow. However deep the Lake of Peach Blossom (桃花) may be, It is not so deep, Wang Lun, as your love for me. A Time to Talk —By Robert Frost When a friend calls to me from the road And slows his horse to a meaning walk, I don’t stand still and look around On all the hills I haven’t hoed (锄地), And shout from where I am, What is it? No, not as there is a time to talk. I thrust (戳) my hoe in the mellow ground, Blade-end up and five feet tall, And plod: I go up to the stone wall For a friendly visit. Both poems are famous in their cultures, but they tell different stories. Li Bai described the scene (场景) of his friend seeing him off. The US poet Robert Frost wrote about a friend’s visit when he was working. Li made a comparison. His poem shows the friendship between him and his friend is deeper than the deep water. Frost’s poem, on the other hand, tells the readers that we should stop what we are doing to talk with our friends. It tells us that nothing should get in the way of spending time with friends. The language is simple but sincere. 1．What can we learn about friends in the passage? ①Friends are not in need.           ②Friends are important to us. ③Friends influence us a lot.         ④Friends help us get through hard times. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 2．What scene did Li Bai describe in the poem? A．Ships on the lake. B．Peach blossoms. C．Wang Lun seeing him off. D．Songs sung by strangers. 3．What does the underlined “It” refer to? A．The ship. B．Love. C．The Lake of Peach Blossom. D．Li Bai. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The end of the friendship. B．The writers of the poems. C．The comparison of people. D．The analysis (分析) of the poems. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了友谊的重要性，并通过分析李白的《赠汪伦》和罗伯特·弗罗斯特的《谈心时刻》这两首诗，展现了不同文化中关于友谊的不同故事与内涵。 1．细节理解题。根据“A friend in need is a friend indeed. “ Friends are important to us. Friends help us get through hard times. Friends also influence us a lot.”可知，朋友对我们很重要，朋友帮助我们度过困难时期，朋友也对我们影响很大。“朋友不需要帮助”与原文不符，所以②③④正确。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Li Bai described the scene (场景) of his friend seeing him off.”可知，李白描述了朋友为他送行的场景。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“However deep the Lake of Peach Blossom (桃花) may be, It is not so deep, Wang Lun, as your love for me.”可知，此处是将桃花潭的深度与汪伦对“我”的爱进行比较，“It”指代的是前文的“The Lake of Peach Blossom”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Both poems are famous in their cultures, but they tell different stories... The language is simple but sincere.”可知，该段主要对两首诗进行了分析，包括诗歌讲述的故事、运用的手法以及表达的情感等。故选D。 六、回答问题 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题，要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整切题。 I like fishing with my parents at the weekend. But my friends always ask me, “How can you sit with your parents for hours like that?” 1 I just smile. Last Sunday, I went fishing with my parents by a river. They sat far away from me. I threw some bait (饵) into the river and sat down to watch my float (浮子). Suddenly, I saw it move. 2 After an hour I still didn’t catch a fish, so I went to see my mom and dad. I thought they might be luckier than me. 3 “Let’s fish together,” Dad said. “Maybe we’ll be lucky later.” I got my things and sat down beside them. We started to have a chat. 4 We talked and laughed for the rest of the day. Soon the sun started to set. We didn’t have any fish, but we had a great day. I knew my parents better. On the way home, I told Mom that I wanted to have fish for dinner. “That’s a good idea. We can buy one at the market,” she said. 5 At that moment, I realized how much my parents loved me. A．I told them some interesting things that happened in school. B．When they ask me that question, I never say a word. C．We caught a big fish and had a good dinner that evening. D．We all looked at each other and laughed loudly. E．I pulled it out of the water, but there was no fish on my line. F．Unluckily, they didn’t catch any, either. G．I didn’t understand what my parents had said, so I went away. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．F 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍作者向朋友解释自己是怎么做到和父母就那样坐几个小时钓鱼的。作者喜欢和父母一起钓鱼，是因为虽然没钓到鱼，但通过聊天增进了感情，感受到父母的爱。 1．根据“‘How can you sit with your parents for hours like that?’ ... I just smile.”可知，朋友问“怎么能坐几个小时”，作者笑而不语。选项B“当他们问我这个问题时，我从不回答。”符合语境。故选B。 2．根据“Suddenly, I saw it move”以及“After an hour I still didn’t catch a fish”可知，虽然浮子移动了，但是没有钓到鱼，选项E“我把它从水里拿出来，但我的钓线上没有鱼。”符合语境。故选E。 3．根据“I thought they might be luckier than me. ... ‘Let’s fish together,’ Dad said. ‘Maybe we’ll be lucky later.’ ”可知，去看父母，爸爸说，如果一起钓鱼，说不定待会儿运气会好，则应是发现父母也没钓到。选项F“可惜他们也没钓到鱼。”符合语境。故选F。 4．根据“We started to have a chat...We talked and laughed for the rest of the day.”可知，一家人一起聊天，则此处可以是聊天的内容。选项A“我告诉他们学校里发生的趣事。”符合语境。故选A。 5．根据“‘That’s a good idea. We can buy one at the market,’ she said. ... At that moment, I realized how much my parents loved me.”可知，虽然没鱼，但决定买鱼，大家开心地笑，应该是在大家大笑那一刻，作者也深深感受到父母有多爱自己。选项D“我们互相看着，大声笑起来。”符合语境。故选D。 二、任务型阅读 How to have good friends? Here are some tips for you. Choosing Friends Before you make friends, you have to decide who you want to be your friends. Most people like to have friends with the same interests. But that doesn’t mean you have to be like each other. It’s OK if you enjoy some of the same things. Making Friends ●The quickest way to make friends is to smile. Remember that most people hate an angry face. ●One easy way to start a conversation with someone is to say something nice. For example, you could talk about a great answer to a teacher’s question and so on. ● Ask your new friends questions about themselves. “Who’s your favourite singer? Where do you live? What do you do after school?” are all good questions. Having Activities Together It’s always fun to play your favourite activities with your friends together. For example, inviting a friend to your house is a great way to make your friendship closer. Make sure the activities can be done together. You may both love playing computer games, but if one person is playing and the other has nothing to do but watch, that will be boring. Friendship is an important part in our life, for friends make us happy and support us through hard times. If you are still waiting for your “friends”, start with the tips above. 1．What kind of friends do most people want to have? _______________________________________________________ 2．What is the quickest way to make friends? _______________________________________________________ 3．How many ways of making friends are mentioned in the passage? _______________________________________________________ 4．How can you make the friendship between you and your friend closer? _______________________________________________________ 5．Why is friendship an important part in our life? _______________________________________________________ 【答案】1．They want to have friends with the same interests. 2．The quickest way to make friends is to smile. 3．Three./3. 4．Inviting a friend to my house. 5．Because friends make us happy and support us through hard times. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何拥有好朋友。 1．根据“Most people like to have friends with the same interests.”可知，大多数人喜欢有相同兴趣的朋友。故填They want to have friends with the same interests. 2．根据“The quickest way to make friends is to smile.”可知，交朋友的最快方法是微笑。故填The quickest way to make friends is to smile. 3．根据“Making Friends”、“The quickest way to make friends is to smile.”、“One easy way to start a conversation with someone is to say something nice.”和“Ask your new friends questions about themselves.”可知，文章中提到了3种交朋友的方法。故填Three./3. 4．根据“inviting a friend to your house is a great way to make your friendship closer”可知，邀请朋友到家做客是拉近友谊的好方法。故填Inviting a friend to my house. 5．根据“Friendship is an important part in our life, for friends make us happy and support us through hard times.”可知，友谊是我们生活中重要的一部分，因为朋友让我们快乐，支持我们度过困难时期。故填Because friends make us happy and support us through hard times. ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Getting along 课时3 Understanding ideas(Grammar) 分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 05思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 要表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在（包括 “ 现在 ” 在内），甚至还可能延续下去，我们也可以借助现在完成时，此时常与 “for+ 时间段 ” 或 “since+ 过去的时间点 / 从句 ” 连用。 for+ 一段时间 ，表示 “ 持续 ……” ； since+ … ago / 过去时的句子 ，表示 “ 自从 …… 以来 ” 。 注意：含 for 和含 since 的现在完成时的句子有时可互相转换。 我从 13 年前开始就住在这里。 I’ve lived here since 13 years ago. = I’ve lived here for 13 years. = It has been 13 years since I began to live here. 与表示一段时间的标志词连用，短暂性动词要变为持续性动词（见下表）。表示一段时间的标志词有： for ， since ， how long 。 ) ( 他加入共青团两年了。 （ × ） He has joined the Communist Youth League for two years. （ √ ） He has been a member of the Communist Youth League for two years. 这块手表我买了两年了。 （ × ） I have bought this watch for two years. （ √ ） I have had this watch for two years. ) 一、单项选择 1．Many of my classmates have lived in Suqian ________ they were born. A．for B．when C．since D．before 2．With the help of Mr. Hunt, I ________ much progress in math since last year. A．am speaking B．will make C．have made D．was making 3．Sally has stayed with a Chinese family ________ she came to China. A．since B．as C．for D．from 4．—How long have you lived in SiYang? —________the end of last year. A．At B．Since C．For D．Before 5．Julie ________ Gary ________ she left college. A．has married, for B．has gotten married to, since C．has married, after D．has been married to, since 6．Daming ________ a member of the school space club for two years. A．was B．is C．will be D．has been 7．—Where are the teachers now? —In the meeting room. The meeting ________ for 10 minutes. A．has begun B．has been on C．has had 8．Alex’s grandfather _______ tea culture for ten years. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．was studying 9．Lily says she _________ the book for ten days and she has to return it to the library today. A．has borrowed B．borrowed C．has kept D．is going to borrow 10．—I Tom for two years. How is he now? Is he still often ill? —No. He is in excellent condition. A．don’t see B．haven’t seen C．didn’t see D．won’t see 11．—Are you a soccer player in your school? —Yes, I ________ the team two years ago. I ________ in the team for two years. A．have joined; have been B．was joined; am C．joined; was D．joined; have been 12．—I haven’t finished the book Three Days to See. —How come? You ________ it for a whole month! A．have had B．have bought C．will have D．will buy 13．We often go to the community library to read books. It ________ for three years. A．opens B．opened C．will open D．has been open 14．—My mother ________ Shanghai to attend a meeting for 2 days. —Really? Have you started to miss her? A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has arrived in 15．My grandparents ________ for sixty years. They are living a peaceful life in the countryside. A．married B．got married C．have married D．have been married 二、完成句子 1．We played table tennis two hours ago. (用现在完成时改写) We table tennis two hours. 2．Jim has studied in Australia for three years. (改为同义句) Jim has studied in Australia three years . 3．I hear that Mrs. Green has been in our school for five days. （改为同义句） I hear that it is five days Mrs. Green to our school. 4．The volunteers helped repair over ten bicycles last week. (用现在完成时改写) The volunteers helped repair over ten bicycles last week. 5．He came to China ten years ago. Now he is still in China. (合并为一句) He China ten years. 6．My teacher left JieYang two days ago. （改为现在完成时） My teacher has been from JieYang two days ago. 7．He bought this watch ten years ago. And now he still keeps it. (合并为一句) He this watch ten years ago. 8．Sarah became a fan ofAmerican country music three years ago. (改为同义句) Sarah a fan of American country music since three years ago. 9．Jackson went back to Chongqing 10 days ago.（同义句） Jackson back in Chongqing since 10 days ago. 10．The homeless cat died 2 days ago. (同义句转化) The homeless cat for 2 days. 一、语法选择 Volunteering is a great way to help others. For example, you can help your classmates with their homework or you can talk with 1 elderly person. Helping others can actually help yourself, too. 2 a girl called Jane. She worked as a volunteer 3 the Hillside Soup Kitchen when she was 16 years old. She 4 there for three years. The soup kitchen serves different kinds of food, drinks and snacks to hungry families. “I like helping other people. And I think I can learn a lot from it, too. Volunteering gives me a chance to meet many people 5 helps me communicate with people. For example, I have made many good 6 there,” says Jane. Every Saturday, Jane wakes up early and goes to the soup kitchen after having breakfast. The soup kitchen is not far away from 7 home. It takes Jane fifteen minutes 8 there. “The families are very friendly,” she says. “I always say hello 9 before I give them food, and they always say thank you to me.” When Jane sees the smiles on their faces, she feels much 10 . She will help more people in the future. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．It is B．There is C．They are 3．A．at B．by C．with 4．A．works B．is working C．has worked 5．A．so B．or C．and 6．A．friend B．friends C．friends’ 7．A．her B．she C．hers 8．A．get B．got C．to get 9．A．kind B．kindly C．kindness 10．A．happy B．happier C．the happiest 二、完形填空 Once upon a time, there lived a strange bird. The bird had two heads but only one 1 . One day, one of the heads saw a fruit on a tree. He picked it and started 2 the fruit. The fruit tasted very nice. He said, “It is one of the most 3 fruits I have ever eaten.” The other head wanted to 4 the fruit, too. But the first head laughed and 5 to share the fruit with the other head. Later that day, the second head found another tree. The tree had poisonous (有毒的) fruits. He picked a poisonous 6 and told the first head, “I will eat it.” The first head was 7 that he would die if the second one did so. The fear of death caused him to shout 8 , “Please don’t eat the poisonous fruit. If you eat it, neither of us will live.” The two heads 9 that they had only one stomach. If they don’t want to die, they must learn to 10 each other. They must learn to share with each other. 1．A．hand B．stomach C．neck D．throat 2．A．throwing B．collecting C．eating D．boating 3．A．terrible B．unusual C．beautiful D．delicious 4．A．taste B．borrow C．pick D．hold 5．A．offered B．agreed C．hurried D．refused 6．A．flower B．leaf C．fruit D．tree 7．A．silly B．sad C．happy D．afraid 8．A．loudly B．recently C．mostly D．mainly 9．A．introduced B．reminded C．reported D．realized 10．A．take after B．get on well with C．try out for D．work out 一、阅读理解 When we choose a house, we all want to have nice neighbours, because most of us think that they are helpful to our life. But what kind of neighbour is good? The answers are different from person to person. Here are my answers. First, it is very important to respect (尊重) each other. If our neighbours always want to know more about our life, how will we feel? He or she may also talk with others about our life. Do you want to live with him or her? The answer is “No”. We will feel very annoyed at having this kind of neighbours and move away quickly. Next, a good neighbour is always ready to give us a hand when we are in need. For example, if we are not at home, our good neighbours will help us take care of the pets. Finally, a good neighbour should love the environment. He or she never throws rubbish here and there, because the good environment can make us comfortable and happy. I think we all should learn to be a good neighbour, and build a friendly community together! 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving an example. C．By asking a question. D．By giving a fact. 2．We want to have nice neighbours because_________. A．they can share food with us B．they can help us C．they can make us feel safe D．they can make our life colourful 3．Nice neighbours will________. A．talk with others about our life B．want to know more about our life C．look after our pets when we are away D．never give us a hand 4．The underlined word “annoyed” in Paragraph 2 means “_______”. A．angry B．lonely C．excited D．glad 5．新考法篇章结构What’s the structure (结构) of this passage? (Paragraph 1 =①,…) A． B． C． D． “A friend in need is a friend indeed. “ Friends are important to us. Friends help us get through hard times. Friends also influence us a lot. Let’s enjoy two poems about friendship. To Wang Lun I, Li Bai, sit aboard a ship about to go, When suddenly on shore your farewell songs overflow. However deep the Lake of Peach Blossom (桃花) may be, It is not so deep, Wang Lun, as your love for me. A Time to Talk —By Robert Frost When a friend calls to me from the road And slows his horse to a meaning walk, I don’t stand still and look around On all the hills I haven’t hoed (锄地), And shout from where I am, What is it? No, not as there is a time to talk. I thrust (戳) my hoe in the mellow ground, Blade-end up and five feet tall, And plod: I go up to the stone wall For a friendly visit. Both poems are famous in their cultures, but they tell different stories. Li Bai described the scene (场景) of his friend seeing him off. The US poet Robert Frost wrote about a friend’s visit when he was working. Li made a comparison. His poem shows the friendship between him and his friend is deeper than the deep water. Frost’s poem, on the other hand, tells the readers that we should stop what we are doing to talk with our friends. It tells us that nothing should get in the way of spending time with friends. The language is simple but sincere. 1．What can we learn about friends in the passage? ①Friends are not in need.           ②Friends are important to us. ③Friends influence us a lot.         ④Friends help us get through hard times. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 2．What scene did Li Bai describe in the poem? A．Ships on the lake. B．Peach blossoms. C．Wang Lun seeing him off. D．Songs sung by strangers. 3．What does the underlined “It” refer to? A．The ship. B．Love. C．The Lake of Peach Blossom. D．Li Bai. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The end of the friendship. B．The writers of the poems. C．The comparison of people. D．The analysis (分析) of the poems. 六、回答问题 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题，要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整切题。 I like fishing with my parents at the weekend. But my friends always ask me, “How can you sit with your parents for hours like that?” 1 I just smile. Last Sunday, I went fishing with my parents by a river. They sat far away from me. I threw some bait (饵) into the river and sat down to watch my float (浮子). Suddenly, I saw it move. 2 After an hour I still didn’t catch a fish, so I went to see my mom and dad. I thought they might be luckier than me. 3 “Let’s fish together,” Dad said. “Maybe we’ll be lucky later.” I got my things and sat down beside them. We started to have a chat. 4 We talked and laughed for the rest of the day. Soon the sun started to set. We didn’t have any fish, but we had a great day. I knew my parents better. On the way home, I told Mom that I wanted to have fish for dinner. “That’s a good idea. We can buy one at the market,” she said. 5 At that moment, I realized how much my parents loved me. A．I told them some interesting things that happened in school. B．When they ask me that question, I never say a word. C．We caught a big fish and had a good dinner that evening. D．We all looked at each other and laughed loudly. E．I pulled it out of the water, but there was no fish on my line. F．Unluckily, they didn’t catch any, either. G．I didn’t understand what my parents had said, so I went away. 二、任务型阅读 How to have good friends? Here are some tips for you. Choosing Friends Before you make friends, you have to decide who you want to be your friends. Most people like to have friends with the same interests. But that doesn’t mean you have to be like each other. It’s OK if you enjoy some of the same things. Making Friends ●The quickest way to make friends is to smile. Remember that most people hate an angry face. ●One easy way to start a conversation with someone is to say something nice. For example, you could talk about a great answer to a teacher’s question and so on. ● Ask your new friends questions about themselves. “Who’s your favourite singer? Where do you live? What do you do after school?” are all good questions. Having Activities Together It’s always fun to play your favourite activities with your friends together. For example, inviting a friend to your house is a great way to make your friendship closer. Make sure the activities can be done together. You may both love playing computer games, but if one person is playing and the other has nothing to do but watch, that will be boring. Friendship is an important part in our life, for friends make us happy and support us through hard times. If you are still waiting for your “friends”, start with the tips above. 1．What kind of friends do most people want to have? _______________________________________________________ 2．What is the quickest way to make friends? _______________________________________________________ 3．How many ways of making friends are mentioned in the passage? _______________________________________________________ 4．How can you make the friendship between you and your friend closer? _______________________________________________________ 5．Why is friendship an important part in our life? _______________________________________________________ ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$