Unit 3 Food and culture 过去完成时及其被动语态 学案- 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

( 单元核心语法·精练 ) 选必二 Unit 3 Food and culture （过去完成时及其被动语态） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、过去完成时的构成及基本用法 用法介绍 过去完成时表示 “过去的过去”，即动作发生在过去某一时间或动作之前，由 “had + 过去分词” 构成，适用于所有人称，核心是强调动作的先后顺序。 用法场景 说明 示例 表示 “过去的过去” 的动作 动作 A 发生在过去动作 B 之前，B 用一般过去时，A 用过去完成时 By the time he arrived（B，过去）, the meeting had ended（A，过去的过去）.（他到的时候，会议已经结束了。） 描述过去未实现的计划 与 want, plan, mean 等动词连用，表 “本想 / 本计划做却没做” I had planned to visit you, but I was busy.（我本计划去看你，却太忙了。） 用于固定句式 用于 “It/This/That was the first/second...time that...”，表 “第几次做某事” It was the first time she had traveled alone.（这是她第一次独自旅行。） 注意事项 1. 时间状语的搭配：常与 by, before, until 等介词短语或 when, before 引导的时间状语从句连用，明确 “过去的过去” 的时间节点（如错误：He left because he had finished work. 需补充时间：He left at 5 p.m. because he had finished work by then.）。 2. 与一般过去时的区分：若仅表示过去发生的动作，无先后对比，用一般过去时；有 “过去的过去” 的逻辑，才用过去完成时（如错误：I saw him because I had met him before. 正确：I recognized him because I had met him before. 强调 “之前见过” 在 “认出” 之前）。 二、过去完成时的被动语态 用法介绍 过去完成时的被动语态表示 “过去的过去” 已完成的被动动作，由 “had been + 过去分词” 构成，强调动作的承受者及完成时间。 用法场景 示例 说明 强调被动动作的先后 The bridge had been built by 2005.（这座桥 2005 年就已经建成了。） “建成” 是 “2005 年” 之前的被动动作，用过去完成时被动语态 复合句中的被动逻辑 When we got there, the door had been locked.（我们到的时候，门已经被锁了。） “被锁” 发生在 “到达” 之前，体现被动与先后关系 注意事项 1. 语态与时态的匹配：被动语态需与过去完成时的时间逻辑一致，即被动动作必须发生在另一个过去动作之前（如错误：The letter was sent because it had been written. 时间逻辑颠倒，应为 The letter had been written before it was sent.）。 2. 不及物动词的限制：不及物动词（如 happen, appear）无被动语态，不可用于过去完成时被动结构（如错误：The accident had been happened. 正确：The accident had happened.）。 三、过去完成时与其他时态的对比 用法介绍 过去完成时与一般过去时、过去进行时在时间逻辑和表意上存在差异，需根据动作的先后和状态选择。 对比 过去完成时（had done） 一般过去时（did） 过去进行时 （was/were doing） 时间逻辑 过去的过去（动作 A 在动作 B 之前） 单纯过去的动作（无先后对比） 过去某时正在进行的动作（强调过程） 示例 She said she had seen the film.（她称自己看过这部电影。“看” 在 “说” 之前） She saw the film yesterday.（她昨天看了电影。仅表过去动作） She was watching TV at 8 p.m. last night.（昨晚 8 点她在看电视。强调过程） 注意事项 1. 避免冗余使用：若通过语境可明确动作先后（如用 before, after 连接），有时可用一般过去时代替过去完成时（如 After he finished work, he left. 可简化，无需说 After he had finished work...）。 2. 虚拟语气中的混淆：过去完成时可用于虚拟语气（如 If I had known...），但此处表 “与过去事实相反”，需与真实语境中的过去完成时区分（如真实：I had known him for years. 虚拟：If I had known him, I would have said hello.）。 一、单句语法填空: (所给词的适当形式填空) 1．（22-23高二上·广东茂名·期末）Large quantities of money (collect) for the earthquake-hit area by then. 2．（23-24高二上·吉林长春·期末）A Sichuan restaurant (recommend) to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. 3．（23-24高二上·黑龙江伊春·期末）Half of the English novel (write) already by the author by the end of last week and he may finish it in two weeks. 4．（24-25高二上·福建漳州·期末）Jack told me that the junk food (consume) half an hour before. 5．（21-22高二上·黑龙江双鸭山·期末）The classroom (clean) before the teacher came. 6．（22-23高二上·江苏南通·期末）In the chaos and confusion after the Japanese planes attacked, the US Navy sent a message to his family that Louis (kill) in the attack already. 7．（22-23高一上·上海奉贤·期中）By the time he was 30, he (regard) as one of the outstanding sculptors of the age. 8．（23-24高二上·吉林·期末）When rescue personnel arrived, the two (freeze) to death. 9．（23-24高二上·山东济宁·期末）By the end of last week, enough money (raise) for the project. 10．（23-24高二上·黑龙江牡丹江·期末）This was the second time that his bike (steal). 11．（23-24高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）It was the third time that I (bite), so I went to the hospital a third time. 12．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期末）It was the first time that I (treat) with such respect. 13．（24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）It was the third time that you (warn) of the falling ice, but you wouldn’t listen. 14．（21-22高二上·黑龙江双鸭山·期末）The police found that the house (break) into and a lot of things stolen. 15．（23-24高二上·吉林长春·期末）No sooner a big bunch of roses (stuff) into Tom’s car than his wife arrived. 二、完成句子 1. （23-24高二上·广东广州·阶段练习）我们很遗憾地发现我们所有的建议都被拒绝了。 We were sorry to find out that all our had . 2. （24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）The architect told us that . 那位建筑师告诉我们工程已经竣工了。 3. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期末）Their dinner    finished by the time Sam joined them. 到萨姆加入时用餐已结束。 4. （24-25高二上·全国·随堂练习）做完作业后，他继而上网搜索。 As the assignment he went on to search the Internet. 5. （24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）He said that he Paris. 他说从来没有人领他参观过巴黎。 6. （21-22高二上·江苏镇江·阶段练习）When my breathing , I reflected on what just . 当我的呼吸恢复正常时，我反思我刚刚获得的。 7. （21-22高二上·广东广州·阶段练习）事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了 The was the water from the Broad Street pump had been by waste. 8. （23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）到上个月底为止，这个国家的失业率已经减少了 30%。 By the end of last month, . 9. （23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）奶奶一直在抱怨的就是超市里卖的蔬菜，都是用化肥种的。(完成时被动语态) What Grandma had been complaining about was the vegetables sold in the supermarket, which using chemical fertilizers. 10. （22-23高二上·福建福州·期中）获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时， 她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。” that she the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine.” 11. （22-23高二上·福建厦门·期中） that she had the Nobel Prize, she said “The honor is not just mine.” 一听说她已经被授予诺贝奖，她说：“这个荣誉并非属于我一个人的”。 12. （23-24高二上·福建莆田·期中）当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时…… Upon hearing that she the Nobel Prize… 13. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期末）直到匆忙赶到会议室，他才得知会议已经延期了。 Not until he hurried to the meeting-room the meeting . 14. （24-25高二上·全国·随堂练习）他到学校的时候，第一节课已经结束了。 By the time he got to the school, the first period 15. （24-25高二上·江苏泰州·期中）在2016年过世前，阿里已经被公认为有史以来最伟大的拳击手之一。 he died in 2016, Ali one of the greatest boxers of all time. 【详解】考查时间状语从句和时态语态 。对比中英文提示，空一引导时间状语从句，可用by the time，表示“到……时”，空二缺少“被公认为”，用被动语态be recognized as，先与died，表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，故填By the time；had been recognized as。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （2024·广东·二模）You can imagine how novel we found it when my school began offering cooking as part of the curriculum (课程). As a growing boy, I seemed to be 1 all day long. And the good news was that we could 2 what we cooked. I immediately signed up. At the beginning of the first class, I 3 slowly with a classic, boiled egg alone. To a teenage boy, the boiled egg might seem like a no-brainer. I was feeling 4 and excited. Then the class was divided into teams to 5 the complex and challenging dish — Rodeo Stuffed Hot Dogs. The 6 proceeded satisfactorily. Even the baking seemed to progress as 7 . But my team ran into 8 when we turned on the broiler (烤箱) to brown our hot dogs. It really wasn’t our 9 . The members of another group were busy 10 their hot dogs out from the oven and placing them on the table to cool. They 11 good, making our mouths water. We gathered closely together around those tasty hot dogs, and we were all 12 until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly 13 our masterpieces. All our previous efforts were wasted. 14 , we were regarded as that day’s heroes. The sense of 15 that came from creating a dish promoted a positive relationship with food and willingness to try new things. 1. A．ignorant B．sleepy C．hungry D．greedy 2. A．display B．exchange C．market D．have 3. A．took off B．started off C．called off D．put off 4. A．nervous B．confident C．bored D．relaxed 5. A．recommend B．appreciate C．evaluate D．make 6. A．preparation B．cooking C．competition D．course 7. A．involved B．intended C．copied D．pictured 8. A．trouble B．pressure C．tease D．resistance 9. A．dish B．task C．fault D．cooker 10. A．pulling B．giving C．putting D．working 11. A．tasted B．felt C．sounded D．smelled 12. A．drawn B．cheated C．beaten D．refused 13. A．comprised B．ended C．perfected D．saved 14. A．Moreover B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Still 15. A．achievement B．security C．excitement D．responsibility Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河北邢台·期末）A British friend told me he couldn’t understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds as a snack so much. “I’ve met a lot of older Chinese and many have a 1 in their front teeth: which, it’s unbelievable, 2 cracking the seeds”, he said. I had never noticed the habit, but once he 3 it, I suddenly realized whenever I’m watching TV or 4 a report. I always mindlessly cracked sunflower seeds. My friend is unable to 5 why one works so much just to get one small 6 . When we were young, the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year. I remember my parents would be in the 7 cooking. Out in the living room, a large table would already be 8 , complete with fancy tablecloth, ready-made dumping fillings, and dishes full of candy, fruits and sunflower seeds. I must have 9 how to crack sunflower seeds back then. I don’t think it’s right to 10 one’s choice in food or eating habits, no matter how 11 they may seem. Not only in China. I find people 12 have all sorts of habits when it comes to food. In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it 13 your breath. They think it’s a delicacy, which is 14 to their culture. I think it’s a wonderful 15 . 1. A．exposure B．slice C．crack D．peak 2. A．results from B．results in C．engages in D．differs from 3. A．recalled B．proceeded C．suspected D．mentioned 4. A．citing B．typing C．adapting D．applying 5. A．deny B．admit C．grasp D．approve 6. A．ingredient B．seed C．category D．quantity 7. A．courtyard B．kitchen C．restaurant D．mall 8. A．laid out B．set out C．put out D．cut out 9. A．learned B．anticipated C．convinced D．seen 10. A．highlight B．transform C．criticize D．revise 11. A．strange B．complex C．brilliant D．vivid 12. A．overall B．really C．alongside D．abroad 13. A．freezes B．ruins C．tricks D．attracts 14. A．devoted B．appealed C．contrary D．connected 15. A．tradition B．cuisine C．association D．recipe Passage 3 （24-25高二上·黑龙江大庆·期末）Many Chinese people used to 1 each other with “Have you had your meal?” to show their friendliness. Recently, a new greeting has become 2 in many Chinese cities, namely “Have you 3 weight?” Chen Xin, a manager of a media company in Hangzhou, has 4 his friends after successfully getting 5 . “Following instructions from my nutritionist, I went on a 6 and lost 10 kg,” Chen said with a 7 smile. In recent years, food-delivery services have been growing fast and entering every corner of Chinese cities. Also, Chinese people can 8 buy foods from all over the world. But people are paying more and more attention to their 9 . More people are becoming 10 with various terms, such as “low calories” “sugar cut-off” and “light food”. “I used to eat a lot of unhealthy food, which brought me much 11 .” Chen said. “Now my health indicators (指标) are becoming 12 , and I can feel that my body is in good 13 again.” Chen is not alone. Many Chinese are troubled with “diseases of richness”, including obesity and high blood pressure, as the quality of life has greatly 14 over the past decades. Most people need to worry about if they have a healthy diet. 15 if they have enough food. 1. A．ask B．question C．tell D．greet 2. A．important B．necessary C．popular D．usual 3. A．cut B．lost C．catch D．gain 4. A．surprised B．excited C．frightened D．scared 5. A．fatter B．fitter C．slimmer D．stronger 6. A．diet B．walk C．sport D．food 7. A．relaxed B．confused C．interested D．satisfied 8. A．hardly B．simply C．easily D．quickly 9. A．mind B．body C．wealth D．health 10. A．similar B．familiar C．strange D．curious 11. A．trap B．mistake C．trouble D．difference 12. A．formal B．normal C．high D．low 13. A．tradition B．level C．situation D．condition 14. A．processed B．improved C．exchanged D．enlarged 15. A．rather than B．or rather C．other than D．would rather 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25 高二上・四川成都・期末・改编）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The old library in our neighborhood has a long history. By the time it was renovated last year, it 1  (abandon) for over a decade. Local residents said the library 2  (build) in the 1980s and 3  (use) as a community center before it was turned into a library. Last year, the renovation plan 4  (approve) by the city government. Workers said most of the old books 5  (store) in a temporary warehouse before the renovation started. By the end of the project, all the broken windows 6  (replace) and new shelves 7  (install) to hold more books. Now the library looks brand new. A notice on the door says that new books 8  (add) every month, and free reading activities 9  (organize) on weekends. Many people visit the library every day, saying they never expected it 10  (restore) so beautifully. Passage 2 （24-25 高二上・浙江杭州・模拟・改编）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The school’s annual science fair is always a big event. This year, it was held last month, but the preparation started two months earlier. By the time the fair opened, all the exhibition halls 1  (decorate) and over 50 student projects 2  (select) to be displayed. Teachers said most of the projects 3  (complete) by the students themselves, though some 4  (guide) by scientists from the local university. One student’s project about renewable energy 5  (praise) by many visitors. The student said the idea 6  (inspire) by a documentary she watched last year, and the model 7  (make) with recycled materials. After the fair ended, the best projects 8  (show) in the school hall for a week. A school leader announced that next year’s fair 9  (expand) to include more schools, and more prizes 10  (offer) to encourage students’ creativity. Passage 3 （24-25 高二上・广东深圳・期末・改编）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The old textile factory in our city has been turned into a cultural and creative park, attracting thousands of visitors every month. Local historians said the factory 1  (found) in 1952 and once played a key role in the city’s industrial development. However, as new industries emerged, the factory 2  (close) in 2005 and 3  (leave) unused for over 15 years before the reconstruction project 4  (start) in 2021. By the time the park opened to the public in 2023, all the old workshops 5  (transform) into art galleries, and the rusty machines 6  (preserve) as part of the industrial heritage display. Workers mentioned that special materials 7  (use) to repair the factory’s original windows to keep its historical style. A visitor from another city said, “I was surprised by how well the old factory 8  (restore)—it feels like a bridge between the past and present.” Now, the park hosts various events regularly. Last month, a fashion show 9  (hold) there, and many local designers showcased their works inspired by the factory’s history. The park management announced that more interactive exhibitions 10  (organize) next quarter to let visitors experience the city’s industrial past more vividly. They also added that the park’s green areas would be expanded soon to provide a more comfortable environment for visitors. Passage 4 （24-25 高三・江苏南京・模拟・改编）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The school’s digital library project has greatly changed students’ learning experience. Before the project began in 2022, most students 1  (limit) to using physical books in the traditional library, which often had a limited number of copies. School leaders said the digital library idea 2  (propose) by a group of teachers in 2021, and after a year of preparation, the project 3  (approve) by the local education department. By the start of the 2022-2023 school year, over 10,000 e-books and 500 educational videos 4  (upload) to the digital library platform. Technicians explained that the platform 5  (test) repeatedly to ensure it could run smoothly on different devices. A student named Wang said, “I love the digital library—I can access materials anytime, even at home. Last semester, my research paper 6  (complete) much faster because I didn’t have to wait for physical books to be available.” This year, the school has added more functions to the platform. Last month, an online tutoring service 7  (launch), allowing students to ask teachers questions directly through the library system. The service 8  (use) by over 300 students so far. School officials announced that more e-resources 9  (add) to the platform next year, including foreign language learning materials and academic journals. They also said that a mobile app for the digital library 10  (develop) soon, making it even easier for students to use the library on their phones. Additionally, training sessions would be held for teachers next month to help them make better use of the platform in their classes. ( 乐思英语 ) 6 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ ( 单元核心语法·精练 ) 选必二 Unit 3 Food and culture （过去完成时及其被动语态） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、过去完成时的构成及基本用法 用法介绍 过去完成时表示 “过去的过去”，即动作发生在过去某一时间或动作之前，由 “had + 过去分词” 构成，适用于所有人称，核心是强调动作的先后顺序。 用法场景 说明 示例 表示 “过去的过去” 的动作 动作 A 发生在过去动作 B 之前，B 用一般过去时，A 用过去完成时 By the time he arrived（B，过去）, the meeting had ended（A，过去的过去）.（他到的时候，会议已经结束了。） 描述过去未实现的计划 与 want, plan, mean 等动词连用，表 “本想 / 本计划做却没做” I had planned to visit you, but I was busy.（我本计划去看你，却太忙了。） 用于固定句式 用于 “It/This/That was the first/second...time that...”，表 “第几次做某事” It was the first time she had traveled alone.（这是她第一次独自旅行。） 注意事项 1. 时间状语的搭配：常与 by, before, until 等介词短语或 when, before 引导的时间状语从句连用，明确 “过去的过去” 的时间节点（如错误：He left because he had finished work. 需补充时间：He left at 5 p.m. because he had finished work by then.）。 2. 与一般过去时的区分：若仅表示过去发生的动作，无先后对比，用一般过去时；有 “过去的过去” 的逻辑，才用过去完成时（如错误：I saw him because I had met him before. 正确：I recognized him because I had met him before. 强调 “之前见过” 在 “认出” 之前）。 二、过去完成时的被动语态 用法介绍 过去完成时的被动语态表示 “过去的过去” 已完成的被动动作，由 “had been + 过去分词” 构成，强调动作的承受者及完成时间。 用法场景 示例 说明 强调被动动作的先后 The bridge had been built by 2005.（这座桥 2005 年就已经建成了。） “建成” 是 “2005 年” 之前的被动动作，用过去完成时被动语态 复合句中的被动逻辑 When we got there, the door had been locked.（我们到的时候，门已经被锁了。） “被锁” 发生在 “到达” 之前，体现被动与先后关系 注意事项 1. 语态与时态的匹配：被动语态需与过去完成时的时间逻辑一致，即被动动作必须发生在另一个过去动作之前（如错误：The letter was sent because it had been written. 时间逻辑颠倒，应为 The letter had been written before it was sent.）。 2. 不及物动词的限制：不及物动词（如 happen, appear）无被动语态，不可用于过去完成时被动结构（如错误：The accident had been happened. 正确：The accident had happened.）。 三、过去完成时与其他时态的对比 用法介绍 过去完成时与一般过去时、过去进行时在时间逻辑和表意上存在差异，需根据动作的先后和状态选择。 对比 过去完成时（had done） 一般过去时（did） 过去进行时 （was/were doing） 时间逻辑 过去的过去（动作 A 在动作 B 之前） 单纯过去的动作（无先后对比） 过去某时正在进行的动作（强调过程） 示例 She said she had seen the film.（她称自己看过这部电影。“看” 在 “说” 之前） She saw the film yesterday.（她昨天看了电影。仅表过去动作） She was watching TV at 8 p.m. last night.（昨晚 8 点她在看电视。强调过程） 注意事项 1. 避免冗余使用：若通过语境可明确动作先后（如用 before, after 连接），有时可用一般过去时代替过去完成时（如 After he finished work, he left. 可简化，无需说 After he had finished work...）。 2. 虚拟语气中的混淆：过去完成时可用于虚拟语气（如 If I had known...），但此处表 “与过去事实相反”，需与真实语境中的过去完成时区分（如真实：I had known him for years. 虚拟：If I had known him, I would have said hello.）。 一、单句语法填空: (所给词的适当形式填空) 1．（22-23高二上·广东茂名·期末）Large quantities of money (collect) for the earthquake-hit area by then. 【答案】had been collected 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到那时，已经为地震灾区筹集了大量资金。由“by then”可知，句子时态用过去完成时，钱是被筹集，因此空格处是过去完成时的被动语态，即had been done，故填had been collected。 2．（23-24高二上·吉林长春·期末）A Sichuan restaurant (recommend) to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. 【答案】had been recommended 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：一个朋友向我们推荐了一家四川餐馆，最后我们找到了。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been recommended。 3．（23-24高二上·黑龙江伊春·期末）Half of the English novel (write) already by the author by the end of last week and he may finish it in two weeks. 【答案】had been written 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到上周末，作者已经写了一半的英文小说，他可能在两周内写完。分析句子结构和意思可知，句子有by the end of last week作时间状语，谓语用过去完成时，动词write和主语Half of the English novel是动宾关系，用被动语态结构。故填had been written。 4．（24-25高二上·福建漳州·期末）Jack told me that the junk food (consume) half an hour before. 【答案】had been consumed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：杰克告诉我，那些垃圾食品在半小时前就已经被吃完了。设空处为从句谓语，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，从句谓语发生在主句谓语动词之前，应用过去完成时，所以用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been consumed。 5．（21-22高二上·黑龙江双鸭山·期末）The classroom (clean) before the teacher came. 【答案】had been cleaned 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在老师来之前，教室已经被打扫干净了。分析句子，came使用过去式形式，before引导从句使用一般过去时，结合语意，“教室被打扫干净”这一动作发生在“老师来”之前，动作发生在“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，且clean与主语the classroom之间是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been cleaned。 6．（22-23高二上·江苏南通·期末）In the chaos and confusion after the Japanese planes attacked, the US Navy sent a message to his family that Louis (kill) in the attack already. 【答案】had been killed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在日本飞机袭击后的混乱中，美国海军向他的家人发送了一条信息，路易已经在袭击中丧生。分析句子结构可知，that从句中缺少谓语动词，所以空处要做同位语从句的谓语动词，此动作发生在主句动作sent之前，主句为一般过去时态，所以从句要用过去完成时态。主句和谓语动词之间为动宾关系，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been killed。 7．（22-23高一上·上海奉贤·期中）By the time he was 30, he (regard) as one of the outstanding sculptors of the age. 【答案】had been regarded 【详解】考查动词。句意：到30岁时，他被认为是那个时代杰出的雕塑家之一。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句中的by the time he was 30为过去完成时的时间标志，即表示动作发生在过去的过去。同时he与regard之间为被动关系，故使用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been regarded。 8．（23-24高二上·吉林·期末）When rescue personnel arrived, the two (freeze) to death. 【答案】had been frozen 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：当救援人员赶到时，两人已经冻死了。根据句意可知，空格处动作发生在arrived之前，应用过去完成时。freeze to death“冻死”为及物动词短语，freeze用作及物动词，和主语之间是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been frozen。 9．（23-24高二上·山东济宁·期末）By the end of last week, enough money (raise) for the project. 【答案】had been raised 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：到上周末为止，已经为这个项目筹集到了足够的资金。此处在句中作谓语，由By the end of last week可知，句子应用过去完成时，表示筹集这个动作在过去某一时间前就已经完成了，且主语enough money和动词raise是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been raised。 10．（23-24高二上·黑龙江牡丹江·期末）This was the second time that his bike (steal). 【答案】had been stolen 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这是他的自行车第二次被偷。根据This was the second time that可知，从句部分用过去完成时，bike与steal构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been stolen。 11．（23-24高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）It was the third time that I (bite), so I went to the hospital a third time. 【答案】had been bitten 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这是我第三次被咬了，所以我第三次去了医院。It was the+序数词+time that sb. had done“这是某人第几次做某事”是固定句式。空处所填动词与主语I构成被动关系，故应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been bitten。 12．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期末）It was the first time that I (treat) with such respect. 【答案】had been treated 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这是我第一次受到这样的礼遇。It was the first time＋that+had done为固定句型，意为“这是某人第一次做某事”，从句使用过去完成时，I与treat之间是被动关系，故使用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been treated。 13．（24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）It was the third time that you (warn) of the falling ice, but you wouldn’t listen. 【答案】had been warned 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这是第三次有人警告你冰要掉下来了，但你就是不听。此处主语与谓语构成被动关系，且为句型it was the third time that+过去完成时，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been warned。 14．（21-22高二上·黑龙江双鸭山·期末）The police found that the house (break) into and a lot of things stolen. 【答案】had been broken 【详解】考查时态。句意：警察发现有人破门而入，许多东西被偷了。分析可知空格处是宾语从句的谓语，the house 与break是被动关系，根据语境可知“break”的动作发生在主句动作“ found”之前，故此处用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been broken。 15．（23-24高二上·吉林长春·期末）No sooner a big bunch of roses (stuff) into Tom’s car than his wife arrived. 【答案】 had been stuffed 【详解】考查时态语态和部分倒装。句意：汤姆的车里刚塞了一大束玫瑰花，他的妻子就来了。分析句子可知，此处使用了固定句型no sooner… than…，表示“刚……就……”，从句时态为一般过去时，主句时态需用过去完成时，stuff“塞”和主语a big bunch of roses之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，即用had been done的形式，且no sooner置于句首，主句需用部分倒装，had需放在主语a big bunch of roses之前。故填①had；②been stuffed。 二、完成句子 1. （23-24高二上·广东广州·阶段练习）我们很遗憾地发现我们所有的建议都被拒绝了。 We were sorry to find out that all our had . 【答案】 suggestions/proposals been rejected 【详解】考查名词和被动语态。对比中英文句子可知，第一空意为“建议”，后两空意为“被拒绝”，“建议”是suggestion/proposal，空前有all，第一空用复数；“拒绝”是reject，建议是被拒绝，因此要用被动语态，由had可知，时态是过去完成时，因此空格处是过去完成时的被动语态，是had been done，因此后两空是been rejected。故填suggestions/proposals，been，rejected。 2. （24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）The architect told us that . 那位建筑师告诉我们工程已经竣工了。 【答案】the project had been completed 【详解】考查时态语态。“工程已经竣工了”处理为宾语从句，表示“工程”应用the project，作主语；表示“竣工”可用动词complete，与主语构成被动关系，主句为一般过去时，“竣工”发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填the project had been completed。 3. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期末）Their dinner    finished by the time Sam joined them. 到萨姆加入时用餐已结束。 【答案】 had been 【详解】考查时态语态。“by+过去的时间”用过去完成时，再照应主语“Their dinner ”，与动词“finish”之间为被动关系，应为被动语态。故填had been。 4. （24-25高二上·全国·随堂练习）做完作业后，他继而上网搜索。 As the assignment he went on to search the Internet. 【答案】 had been done/finished 【详解】考查时态和语态。表示“做完”应用动词do或finish，根据句子结构可知，动词和主语之间是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态，表示动作发生在另一个过去动作went之前。故空1填had；空2填been；空3填done/finished。 5. （24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）He said that he Paris. 他说从来没有人领他参观过巴黎。 【答案】had never been shown around 【详解】考查动词短语和副词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“从来没有被领着参观过”，该行为发生在主句的said之前，即过去的过去，时态应用过去完成时，“从来没有”可用副词never，“领着……参观”可用动词短语show sb. around，和主语he之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。故填had never been shown around。 6. （21-22高二上·江苏镇江·阶段练习）When my breathing , I reflected on what just . 当我的呼吸恢复正常时，我反思我刚刚获得的。 【答案】 returned to normal had been achieved 【详解】考查短语、时态和语态。return to normal恢复正常。when引导的时间状语从句陈述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。宾语从句中，从句动作发生在主句动作reflected之前，所以用过去完成时。what与achieve之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据句意，故填returned to normal; had been achieved。 7. （21-22高二上·广东广州·阶段练习）事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了 The was the water from the Broad Street pump had been by waste. 【答案】 truth that infected 【详解】考查名词、动词和表语从句。对比中英文句子，第一空应填名词truth“真相”作主语；第二空引导表语从句，从句成分和意义都完整，应用连接词that；第三空应填动词infect表示“污染，影响”，主语water和infect之间为被动关系，结合空前had been可知，此处用其过去分词构成过去完成时的被动语态。故填truth；that；infected。 8. （23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）到上个月底为止，这个国家的失业率已经减少了 30%。 By the end of last month, . 【答案】the unemployment rate in this country had been reduced by 30 percent. 【详解】考查短语、时态和语态。unemployment rate 失业率；reduce by减少了。根据时间状语By the end of last month可知，用过去完成时。主语the unemployment rate与reduce之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据句意，故填the unemployment rate in this country had been reduced by 30 percent. 9. （23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）奶奶一直在抱怨的就是超市里卖的蔬菜，都是用化肥种的。(完成时被动语态) What Grandma had been complaining about was the vegetables sold in the supermarket, which using chemical fertilizers. 【答案】 had been grown/planted 【详解】考查动词语态。根据句意及所给句子可知，“种植”使用动词grow或plant，与主语which是逻辑主谓关系，应用被动语态，由What Grandma had been complaining about was the vegetables sold in the supermarket可知，应用过去完成时。故填①had；②been；③grown/planted。 10. （22-23高二上·福建福州·期中）获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时， 她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。” that she the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine.” 【答案】 Upon/On hearing had been awarded 【详解】考查介词、时态和语态。对比中英文提示，upon/on doing sth.表示“一……就……”，hear表示“获悉；听说”；空②使用动词award“授予；奖励”，从句主语she与award之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，award先于said，表示“过去的过去”用过去完成时。故填①Upon/On hearing；②had been awarded。 11. （22-23高二上·福建厦门·期中） that she had the Nobel Prize, she said “The honor is not just mine.” 一听说她已经被授予诺贝奖，她说：“这个荣誉并非属于我一个人的”。 【答案】 Hearing been awarded 【详解】考查非谓语动词和语态。“听说”用动词hear，“一听说……”是时间状语，hear是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，用现在分词hearing表主动，句首单词首字母大写；“授予”用动词award表示，是宾语从句中谓语动词，“被授予”是被动语态，用been awarded与助动词had构成过去完成时的被动语态。故填Hearing；been；awarded。 12. （23-24高二上·福建莆田·期中）当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时…… Upon hearing that she the Nobel Prize… 【答案】had been awarded 【详解】考查过去完成时的被动语态和动词。表示“授予”应用动词award，和主语构成被动关系。根据“Upon hearing that”可知，此处是指发生在过去之前的事情，所以应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been awarded。 13. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期末）直到匆忙赶到会议室，他才得知会议已经延期了。 Not until he hurried to the meeting-room the meeting . 【答案】 did he learn had been postponed 【详解】考查时态、倒装和语态。根据句意，“他”应是he，“得知”应是learn。根据句意和前文中hurried可知，句子要用一般过去时，故用过去式learned。not only置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，故本句将助动词did置于主语He前，构成部分倒装。postpone“延期”发生在learned之前，且meeting与postpone之间是动宾关系，故“会议已经延期了”要用过去完成时的被动语态，故用had been postponed。故填 ① did he learn ② had been postponed。 14. （24-25高二上·全国·随堂练习）他到学校的时候，第一节课已经结束了。 By the time he got to the school, the first period 【答案】 had been finished 【详解】考查时态和语态。表示“结束”可用谓语动词finish，动词和主语之间是被动关系，根据By the time he got to the school可知，应用过去完成时的被动语态，表示动作发生在另一个过去动作got之前。故空1填had；空2填been；空3填finished。 15. （24-25高二上·江苏泰州·期中）在2016年过世前，阿里已经被公认为有史以来最伟大的拳击手之一。 he died in 2016, Ali one of the greatest boxers of all time. 【答案】 By the time had been recognized as 【详解】考查时间状语从句和时态语态 。对比中英文提示，空一引导时间状语从句，可用by the time，表示“到……时”，空二缺少“被公认为”，用被动语态be recognized as，先与died，表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，故填By the time；had been recognized as。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （2024·广东·二模）You can imagine how novel we found it when my school began offering cooking as part of the curriculum (课程). As a growing boy, I seemed to be 1 all day long. And the good news was that we could 2 what we cooked. I immediately signed up. At the beginning of the first class, I 3 slowly with a classic, boiled egg alone. To a teenage boy, the boiled egg might seem like a no-brainer. I was feeling 4 and excited. Then the class was divided into teams to 5 the complex and challenging dish — Rodeo Stuffed Hot Dogs. The 6 proceeded satisfactorily. Even the baking seemed to progress as 7 . But my team ran into 8 when we turned on the broiler (烤箱) to brown our hot dogs. It really wasn’t our 9 . The members of another group were busy 10 their hot dogs out from the oven and placing them on the table to cool. They 11 good, making our mouths water. We gathered closely together around those tasty hot dogs, and we were all 12 until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly 13 our masterpieces. All our previous efforts were wasted. 14 , we were regarded as that day’s heroes. The sense of 15 that came from creating a dish promoted a positive relationship with food and willingness to try new things. 1. A．ignorant B．sleepy C．hungry D．greedy 2. A．display B．exchange C．market D．have 3. A．took off B．started off C．called off D．put off 4. A．nervous B．confident C．bored D．relaxed 5. A．recommend B．appreciate C．evaluate D．make 6. A．preparation B．cooking C．competition D．course 7. A．involved B．intended C．copied D．pictured 8. A．trouble B．pressure C．tease D．resistance 9. A．dish B．task C．fault D．cooker 10. A．pulling B．giving C．putting D．working 11. A．tasted B．felt C．sounded D．smelled 12. A．drawn B．cheated C．beaten D．refused 13. A．comprised B．ended C．perfected D．saved 14. A．Moreover B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Still 15. A．achievement B．security C．excitement D．responsibility 【答案】 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加学校举办的烹饪课，课上他和小组成员一起制作热狗，起初一切顺利，但由于他们的疏忽，热狗烤焦了。虽然没能成功完成这道菜，但作者仍感谢烹饪带来的兴奋感。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个成长中的男孩，我似乎整天都觉得饿。A. ignorant无知的；B. sleepy困倦的；C. hungry饥饿的；D. greedy贪婪的。根据下文“And the good news was that we could _____ what we cooked. I immediately signed up.”可知，得知可以吃自己们做的菜，作者立刻报名了，说明作者整天都觉得饿，想吃东西。故选C项。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：好消息是，我们可以吃我们做的菜。A. display展示；B. exchange交换；C. market营销；D. have吃。根据上文“As a growing boy, I seemed to be _____ all day long.”可知，作者报名的原因是我可以吃自己做的菜，缓解饥饿。故选D项。 3. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在第一节课开始时，我慢慢地开始独自做一个经典的煮鸡蛋。A. took off起飞；B. started off开始，着手；C. called off取消；D. put off推迟。根据句中“At the beginning of the first class”可知，刚开始上烹饪课，所以开始独自做煮鸡蛋。故选B项。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到自信和兴奋。A. nervous紧张的；B. confident自信的；C. bored无聊的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“To a teenage boy, the boiled egg might seem like a no-brainer.”可知，作者认为煮鸡蛋是一件轻而易举的事，说明作者很自信。故选B项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，全班被分成小组，制作复杂而富有挑战性的菜肴——Rodeo Stuffed Hot Dogs。A. recommend推荐；B. appreciate欣赏；C. evaluate评价；D. make制作。根据后文“the complex and challenging dish—Rodeo Stuffed Hot Dogs”可知，参加的是烹饪课，要制作复杂而富有挑战性的菜肴。故选D项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：准备工作进展顺利。A. preparation准备工作；B. cooking烹饪；C. competition竞争；D. course课程。根据下文“Even the baking seemed to progress as”可知，句中描述的是烹饪过程，由此可知，先进行的是准备工作，准备工作进展顺利。故选A项。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：甚至烘焙似乎也按预期进行。A. involved卷入的；B. intended预期的；C. copied模仿的；D. pictured想象的。根据上文“The _____ proceeded satisfactorily.”可知，烹饪过程进展顺利，说明烘焙工作也按预期进行。故选B项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当我们打开烤箱把热狗烤成褐色时，我的团队陷入了麻烦。A. trouble麻烦；B. pressure压力；C. tease玩笑；D. resistance抵抗。根据下文“until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly _____ our masterpieces.”可知，把热狗烤焦了说明团队遇到了麻烦。故选A项。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这真的不是我们的错。A. dish菜肴；B. task任务；C. fault过错；D. cooker炊具。根据下文“until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly _____ our masterpieces.”可知，把热狗烤焦了，即犯了错误。故选C项。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一组的成员正忙着把热狗从烤箱里拿出来，放在桌子上冷却。A. pulling拉；B. giving给；C. putting放；D. working工作。根据后文“their hot dogs out from the oven”可知，应该先把热狗从烤箱里拿出来，再放在桌子上冷却，“pull…out from…”意为“把……从……中拉出来”。故选A项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们闻起来很香，让我们流口水。A. tasted尝起来；B. felt感觉；C. sounded听起来；D. smelled闻起来。根据后文“making our mouths water”可知，流口水的原因是刚烤好的热狗闻起来很香。故选D项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们紧紧地聚集在那些美味的热狗周围，我们都被吸引住了，直到一团黑烟从我们的烤箱里冒出来，突然结束了我们的杰作。A. drawn吸引；B. cheated欺骗；C. beaten打败；D. refused拒绝。根据上文“They _____ good, making our mouths water.”可知，香气扑鼻的热狗让人流口水，说明都被吸引了。故选A项。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们紧紧地聚集在那些美味的热狗周围，我们都被吸引住了，直到一团黑烟从我们的烤箱里冒出来，突然结束了我们的杰作。A. comprised包括；B. ended结束；C. perfected使完美；D. saved拯救。根据句中“until a cloud of black smoke rising from our oven suddenly”可知，热狗烤焦了，即一团黑烟结束了他们的杰作。故选B项。 14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们仍然被视为那一天的英雄。A. Moreover此外；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Still仍然。根据上文“All our previous efforts were wasted.”和句中“we were regarded as that day’s heroes”可知，虽然他们的努力都白费了，但仍然被视为那一天的英雄。故选D项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：做一道菜所带来的兴奋感促进了与食物的积极关系以及尝试新事物的意愿。A. achievement成就；B. security安全；C. excitement兴奋；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“I was feeling _____ and excited.”可知，制作菜肴让作者感到兴奋，由此可知，创造一道菜所带来的兴奋感促进了与食物的积极关系以及尝试新事物的意愿。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河北邢台·期末）A British friend told me he couldn’t understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds as a snack so much. “I’ve met a lot of older Chinese and many have a 1 in their front teeth: which, it’s unbelievable, 2 cracking the seeds”, he said. I had never noticed the habit, but once he 3 it, I suddenly realized whenever I’m watching TV or 4 a report. I always mindlessly cracked sunflower seeds. My friend is unable to 5 why one works so much just to get one small 6 . When we were young, the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year. I remember my parents would be in the 7 cooking. Out in the living room, a large table would already be 8 , complete with fancy tablecloth, ready-made dumping fillings, and dishes full of candy, fruits and sunflower seeds. I must have 9 how to crack sunflower seeds back then. I don’t think it’s right to 10 one’s choice in food or eating habits, no matter how 11 they may seem. Not only in China. I find people 12 have all sorts of habits when it comes to food. In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it 13 your breath. They think it’s a delicacy, which is 14 to their culture. I think it’s a wonderful 15 . 1. A．exposure B．slice C．crack D．peak 2. A．results from B．results in C．engages in D．differs from 3. A．recalled B．proceeded C．suspected D．mentioned 4. A．citing B．typing C．adapting D．applying 5. A．deny B．admit C．grasp D．approve 6. A．ingredient B．seed C．category D．quantity 7. A．courtyard B．kitchen C．restaurant D．mall 8. A．laid out B．set out C．put out D．cut out 9. A．learned B．anticipated C．convinced D．seen 10. A．highlight B．transform C．criticize D．revise 11. A．strange B．complex C．brilliant D．vivid 12. A．overall B．really C．alongside D．abroad 13. A．freezes B．ruins C．tricks D．attracts 14. A．devoted B．appealed C．contrary D．connected 15. A．tradition B．cuisine C．association D．recipe 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，用中国人喜欢嗑瓜子和丹麦人喜欢吃面包配咸红鱼来证明饮食习惯来自特定的文化。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“我见过很多上了年纪的中国人，他们很多人的门牙上都有裂缝，令人难以置信的是，这是咬碎种子的结果。”A. exposure暴露；B. slice薄片；C. crack裂缝；D. peak巅峰。根据后文“cracking the seeds”可知牙齿上有裂缝，故选C。 2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“我见过很多上了年纪的中国人，他们很多人的门牙上都有裂缝，令人难以置信的是，这是咬碎种子的结果。”A. results from由……引起；B. results in导致；C. engages in参与；D. differs from不同于。根据后文“cracking the seeds”可知，这些裂缝是由于咬碎种子引起的，故选A。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有注意到这个习惯，但是一旦他提到它，我突然意识到每当我看电视或打报告的时候，我总是无意识地嗑瓜子。A. recalled回想起；B. proceeded继续；C. suspected怀疑；D. mentioned提及。根据上文“A British friend told me he couldn’t understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds as a snack so much.(一位英国朋友告诉我，他不明白为什么中国人这么喜欢把葵花籽当零食吃)”以及提到了牙齿有裂缝的现象，可知是对方提到了这件事，作者才注意到。故选D。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有注意到这个习惯，但是一旦他提到它，我突然意识到每当我看电视或打报告的时候，我总是无意识地嗑瓜子。A. citing引用；B. typing打字；C. adapting适应；D. applying申请。根据前文“ I’m watching TV or”可知，此处指作者打报告的时候会嗑瓜子，故选B。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友无法理解为什么一个人为了得到一粒小小的种子而如此努力。A. deny否认；B. admit承认；C. grasp理解，抓住；D. approve赞成。根据后文“why one works so much just to get one small”可知，外国朋友无法理解这种行为。故选C。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友无法理解为什么一个人为了得到一粒小小的种子而如此努力。A. ingredient原料；B. seed种子；C. category种类；D. quantity数量。呼应上文“cracking the seeds”指嗑瓜子的行为。故选B。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我记得我的父母会在厨房做饭。A. courtyard院子；B. kitchen厨房；C. restaurant餐厅；D. mall购物中心。根据后文“cooking”可知，做饭的是厨房。故选B。 8. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在客厅里，一张大桌子已经摆好了，上面有漂亮的桌布，现成的馅料，还有装满糖果、水果和葵花籽的盘子。A. laid out布置好；B. set out出发；C. put out扑灭；D. cut out熄火。根据后文“complete with fancy tablecloth, ready-made dumping fillings, and dishes full of candy, fruits and sunflower seeds”可知，此处指桌子已经摆好了，故选A。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当年我一定学会了如何嗑瓜子。A. learned学会；B. anticipated预期；C. convinced说服；D. seen看见。根据上文“fruits and sunflower seeds”以及后文“how to crack sunflower seeds back then”可知，过年桌上摆着瓜子，所以作者推测自己那时候一定学会了如何嗑瓜子。故选A。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为批评一个人在食物或饮食习惯上的选择是不对的，不管它们看起来有多奇怪。A. highlight突出；B. transform改变；C. criticize批评；D. revise修改。根据后文“one’s choice in food or eating habits”以及上文“I don’t think it’s right to”可知，作者认为批评一个人在食物或饮食习惯上的选择是不对的，故选C。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为批评一个人在食物或饮食习惯上的选择是不对的，不管它们看起来有多奇怪。A. strange奇怪的；B. complex复杂的；C. brilliant出色的；D. vivid生动的。根据上文“it’s unbelievable”和“no matter how”可知，批评对方的饮食习惯是不对的，无论这些习惯似乎多么奇怪。故选A。 12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不仅是在中国，我发现国外的人在饮食方面有各种各样的习惯。A. overall总的说来；B. really真地；C. alongside沿着；D. abroad在国外。根据前文“ Not only in China”和后文“In Denmark”可知，此处说的是国外的人在饮食方面也有各种各样的习惯。故选D。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在丹麦，他们把咸鱼放在面包上，当晚餐吃，不管吃了是不是有口臭。A. freezes冻住；B. ruins毁灭；C. tricks技巧；D. attracts吸引。根据上文“they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner”可知，吃了咸鱼会有口臭，即毁坏你的气息，故选B。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：们认为这是一种美味，与他们的文化有关。A. devoted献身的；B. appealed动词，呼吁；C. contrary相反的；D. connected联系的。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代“ They think it’s a delicacy”，结合后文“to their culture”可知，这与文化有关，应用be connected to。故选D。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为这是一个很好的传统。A. tradition传统；B. cuisine烹饪；C. association协会；D. recipe食谱。根据上文“to their culture”可知，这种吃法与文化有关，所以是一种传统。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·黑龙江大庆·期末）Many Chinese people used to 1 each other with “Have you had your meal?” to show their friendliness. Recently, a new greeting has become 2 in many Chinese cities, namely “Have you 3 weight?” Chen Xin, a manager of a media company in Hangzhou, has 4 his friends after successfully getting 5 . “Following instructions from my nutritionist, I went on a 6 and lost 10 kg,” Chen said with a 7 smile. In recent years, food-delivery services have been growing fast and entering every corner of Chinese cities. Also, Chinese people can 8 buy foods from all over the world. But people are paying more and more attention to their 9 . More people are becoming 10 with various terms, such as “low calories” “sugar cut-off” and “light food”. “I used to eat a lot of unhealthy food, which brought me much 11 .” Chen said. “Now my health indicators (指标) are becoming 12 , and I can feel that my body is in good 13 again.” Chen is not alone. Many Chinese are troubled with “diseases of richness”, including obesity and high blood pressure, as the quality of life has greatly 14 over the past decades. Most people need to worry about if they have a healthy diet. 15 if they have enough food. 1. A．ask B．question C．tell D．greet 2. A．important B．necessary C．popular D．usual 3. A．cut B．lost C．catch D．gain 4. A．surprised B．excited C．frightened D．scared 5. A．fatter B．fitter C．slimmer D．stronger 6. A．diet B．walk C．sport D．food 7. A．relaxed B．confused C．interested D．satisfied 8. A．hardly B．simply C．easily D．quickly 9. A．mind B．body C．wealth D．health 10. A．similar B．familiar C．strange D．curious 11. A．trap B．mistake C．trouble D．difference 12. A．formal B．normal C．high D．low 13. A．tradition B．level C．situation D．condition 14. A．processed B．improved C．exchanged D．enlarged 15. A．rather than B．or rather C．other than D．would rather 【答案】 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着生活水平大幅提高，人们不必担心食物是否充足，并且越来越注重健康饮食和身体健康。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多中国人过去常常用“你吃饭了吗？”来打招呼，以示友好。A. ask问；B. question提问；C. tell告诉；D. greet问候。根据下文“each other with “Have you had your meal?” to show their friendliness.”可知，过去许多中国人常常用“你吃了吗？”来互相问候彼此，以此来表达他们的友好。故选D项。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近，一种新的问候语在中国许多城市流行起来，即“你减肥了吗？” A. important重要的；B. necessary必要的；C. popular流行的；D. usual常见的。根据上文“a new greeting has become”可知，指最近在中国的许多城市流行一种新的问候方式。故选C项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，一种新的问候语在中国许多城市流行起来，即“你减肥了吗”？A. cut切割；B. lost 失去；C. catch抓住；D. gain获得。根据后文的例子“I went on a ____6____ and lost 10 kg”可知，是“你减肥了吗？”，lost weight为固定短语，表示“减肥”。故选B项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：杭州一家媒体公司的经理陈欣在成功瘦身后，让朋友们大吃一惊。A. surprised使惊讶；B. excited使兴奋；C. frightened吓坏；D. scared害怕。根据“has ____4____ his friends after getting ____5____ successfully”及下文“lost 10 kg”可知，陈欣让他的朋友们在成功瘦身后大吃一惊。故选A项。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：杭州一家媒体公司的经理陈欣在成功瘦身后，让朋友们大吃一惊。A. fatter更胖；B. fitter更健康；C. slimmer更苗条；D. stronger更强壮。根据下文“I went on a ____6____ and lost 10 kg.”可知，是成功瘦身了10公斤，变得更苗条了。故选C项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“按照营养师的指导，我开始节食，减掉了10公斤。”A. diet节食；B. walk散步；C. sport运动；D. food食物。根据“Following instructions from my nutritionist, I went on a ____6____ and lost 10 kg.”可知，瘦身10公斤是按照营养师指导节食的结果。故选A项。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：陈欣微笑着满意的说到。A. relaxed放松的；B. confused迷茫的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. satisfied满意的。根据下文“smile”可知，微笑说明对自己的减肥效果是满意的。故选D项。 8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，中国人可以很容易地从世界各地购买食品。A. hardly几乎；B. simply简单地；C. easily容易地；D. quickly快速地。根据上文“In recent years, food-delivery services have been growing fast and entering every comer of Chinese cities. (近年来，外卖服务发展迅速，并进入了中国城市的每一个角落。)”可知，近年送餐服务发展迅速，进入中国城市的每个角落，所以中国人可以很容易地购买到世界各地的食品。故选C项。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但人们越来越关注自己的健康。A. mind心灵；B. body身体；C. wealth财富；D. health健康。根据下文“such as “low calories” “sugar cut-off” and “light food””可知，人们越来越关注自己的健康。故选D项。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的人开始熟悉各种术语，例如“低热量”、“减糖”和“清淡食品”。A. similar相似的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. strange奇怪地；D. curious好奇的。根据下文“such as “low calories” “sugar cut-off” and “light food””指人们对低热量”、“减糖”和“清淡食品”这些术语越来越熟悉。故选B项。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以前吃了很多不健康的食物，这给我带来了很多麻烦。A. trap陷阱；B. mistake错误；C. trouble麻烦；D. difference差异。根据上文“I used to eat a lot of unhealthy food”可知，以前吃了很多不健康的食物，所以带来了很多麻烦。故选C项。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在我的健康指标正在恢复正常，我能感觉到我的身体又恢复了良好的状态。A. formal正式的；B. normal正常的；C. high高的；D. low低的。根据上文“I used to eat a lot of unhealthy food, which brought me much ____11____.”及“Now my health indicators (指标) are becoming”可知，作者是前后对比，现在是健康指标变得正常了。故选B项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在我的健康指标正在恢复正常，我能感觉到我的身体又恢复了良好的状态。A. tradition传统；B. level水平；C. situation处境；D. condition情况。根据“I can feel that my body is in good ____13____ again.”可知，身体恢复到了良好的状态。故选D项。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多中国人被肥胖和高血压等“富贵病”所困扰，因为过去几十年来生活质量有了很大的改善。A. processed加工；B. improved提高；C. exchanged交换；D. enlarged扩大。根据“Many Chinese are troubled with “diseases of richness”, including obesity and high blood pressure, as the quality of life has greatly”可知，在过去的几十年里，随着生活质量的提高，许多中国人都患有肥胖和高血压在内的“富贵病”。故选B项。 15. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：大多数人需要担心的是他们是否有健康的饮食，而不是他们是否有足够的食物。A. rather than而不是；B. or rather倒不如说；C. other than除了；D. would rather宁愿。根据下文“Most people need to worry about if they have a healthy diet, ____15____ if they have enough food.”可知，中国人的生活质量提高了，不用担心食物是否足够了，因此此处是转折关系。故选A项。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25 高二上・四川成都・期末・改编）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The old library in our neighborhood has a long history. By the time it was renovated last year, it 1  (abandon) for over a decade. Local residents said the library 2  (build) in the 1980s and 3  (use) as a community center before it was turned into a library. Last year, the renovation plan 4  (approve) by the city government. Workers said most of the old books 5  (store) in a temporary warehouse before the renovation started. By the end of the project, all the broken windows 6  (replace) and new shelves 7  (install) to hold more books. Now the library looks brand new. A notice on the door says that new books 8  (add) every month, and free reading activities 9  (organize) on weekends. Many people visit the library every day, saying they never expected it 10  (restore) so beautifully. 【答案】 1. had been abandoned 2. was built 3. had been used 4. was approved 5. had been stored 6. had been replaced 7. had been installed 8. are added 9. are organized 10. would be restored 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了社区旧图书馆的历史、翻新过程及现在的运营情况，通过不同时态的被动语态展现图书馆的变迁。 1. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：到去年翻新时，它已经被废弃了十多年。“by the time + 过去时句子” 引导时间状语从句时，主句需用过去完成时；主语 it（图书馆）与 abandon 是被动关系，故填 had been abandoned。 2. 考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：当地居民说，这座图书馆建于 20 世纪 80 年代，在改成图书馆之前曾被用作社区中心。“建于 20 世纪 80 年代” 是过去的动作，主语 the library 与 build 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 was built。故填 was built。 3. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：当地居民说，这座图书馆建于 20 世纪 80 年代，在改成图书馆之前曾被用作社区中心。“被用作社区中心” 发生在 “改成图书馆”（过去动作）之前，是 “过去的过去”，主语 it 与 use 是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态 had been used。故填 had been used。 4. 考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：去年，翻新计划得到了市政府的批准。“去年” 是过去时间，主语 the renovation plan 与 approve 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 was approved。故填 was approved。 5. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：工人们说，在翻新开始前，大部分旧书已经被存放在临时仓库里。“存放旧书” 发生在 “翻新开始”（过去动作）之前，是 “过去的过去”，主语 most of the old books 与 store 是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态 had been stored。故填 had been stored。 6. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：到项目结束时，所有破损的窗户都已更换，还安装了新书架来容纳更多书籍。“by the end of + 过去时间” 作状语时，主句需用过去完成时；主语 the broken windows 与 replace 是被动关系，用 had been replaced。故填 had been replaced。 7. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：到项目结束时，所有破损的窗户都已更换，还安装了新书架来容纳更多书籍。“安装新书架” 与 “更换窗户” 同时发生在 “项目结束” 前，是 “过去的过去”，主语 new shelves 与 install 是被动关系，用 had been installed。故填 had been installed。 8. 考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：门上的通知写着，每月都会新增书籍，周末还会组织免费阅读活动。“每月新增书籍” 是经常性动作，主语 new books 与 add 是被动关系，用一般现在时被动语态 are added。故填 are added。 9. 考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：门上的通知写着，每月都会新增书籍，周末还会组织免费阅读活动。“周末组织活动” 是经常性动作，主语 free reading activities 与 organize 是被动关系，用一般现在时被动语态 are organized。故填 are organized。 10. 考查过去将来时被动语态。句意：很多人每天都来图书馆，说他们从没想过它会被修复得这么漂亮。“expect” 后接宾语从句，主句是过去时，从句表 “过去将要发生的动作”，用过去将来时；主语 it 与 restore 是被动关系，故填 would be restored。 Passage 2 （24-25 高二上・浙江杭州・模拟・改编）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The school’s annual science fair is always a big event. This year, it was held last month, but the preparation started two months earlier. By the time the fair opened, all the exhibition halls 1  (decorate) and over 50 student projects 2  (select) to be displayed. Teachers said most of the projects 3  (complete) by the students themselves, though some 4  (guide) by scientists from the local university. One student’s project about renewable energy 5  (praise) by many visitors. The student said the idea 6  (inspire) by a documentary she watched last year, and the model 7  (make) with recycled materials. After the fair ended, the best projects 8  (show) in the school hall for a week. A school leader announced that next year’s fair 9  (expand) to include more schools, and more prizes 10  (offer) to encourage students’ creativity. 【答案】 1. had been decorated 2. had been selected 3. had been completed 4. had been guided 5. was praised 6. had been inspired 7. had been made 8. were shown 9. would be expanded 10. would be offered 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学校年度科技博览会的筹备、举办及后续安排，通过不同时态的被动语态呈现活动流程与细节。 1. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：到博览会开幕时，所有展厅都已装饰完毕，50 多个学生项目已被选中展出。“by the time + 过去时句子” 引导时间状语从句，主句需用过去完成时；主语 all the exhibition halls 与 decorate 是被动关系，故填 had been decorated。 2. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：到博览会开幕时，所有展厅都已装饰完毕，50 多个学生项目已被选中展出。“选中项目” 发生在 “博览会开幕”（过去动作）之前，是 “过去的过去”，主语 over 50 student projects 与 select 是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态 had been selected。故填 had been selected。 3. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：老师们说，大部分项目都是学生自己完成的，不过有些项目得到了当地大学科学家的指导。“完成项目” 发生在 “老师说”（过去动作）之前，是 “过去的过去”，主语 most of the projects 与 complete 是被动关系，用 had been completed。故填 had been completed。 4. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：老师们说，大部分项目都是学生自己完成的，不过有些项目得到了当地大学科学家的指导。“得到指导” 与 “完成项目” 同时发生在 “老师说” 之前，是 “过去的过去”，主语 some（指代 projects）与 guide 是被动关系，用 had been guided。故填 had been guided。 5. 考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：一名学生关于可再生能源的项目受到了许多参观者的称赞。“受到称赞” 是博览会期间的过去动作，主语 One student’s project 与 praise 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 was praised。故填 was praised。 6. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：该学生说，这个想法是受她去年看的一部纪录片启发，模型是用回收材料制作的。“受启发” 发生在 “学生说”（过去动作）之前，是 “过去的过去”，主语 the idea 与 inspire 是被动关系，用 had been inspired。故填 had been inspired。 7. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：该学生说，这个想法是受她去年看的一部纪录片启发，模型是用回收材料制作的。“制作模型” 与 “受启发” 同时发生在 “学生说” 之前，是 “过去的过去”，主语 the model 与 make 是被动关系，用 had been made。故填 had been made。 8. 考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：博览会结束后，最佳项目在学校大厅展出了一周。“展出” 是博览会结束后的过去动作，主语 the best projects 与 show 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 were shown。故填 were shown。 9. 考查过去将来时被动语态。句意：一位学校领导宣布，明年的博览会将扩大范围，纳入更多学校，并将提供更多奖项以鼓励学生的创造力。“announce” 后接宾语从句，主句是过去时，从句表 “过去将要发生的动作”，用过去将来时；主语 next year’s fair 与 expand 是被动关系，故填 would be expanded。 10. 考查过去将来时被动语态。句意：一位学校领导宣布，明年的博览会将扩大范围，纳入更多学校，并将提供更多奖项以鼓励学生的创造力。“提供奖项” 与 “扩大范围” 同为 “过去将要发生的动作”，用过去将来时；主语 more prizes 与 offer 是被动关系，故填 would be offered。 Passage 3 （24-25 高二上・广东深圳・期末・改编）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The old textile factory in our city has been turned into a cultural and creative park, attracting thousands of visitors every month. Local historians said the factory 1  (found) in 1952 and once played a key role in the city’s industrial development. However, as new industries emerged, the factory 2  (close) in 2005 and 3  (leave) unused for over 15 years before the reconstruction project 4  (start) in 2021. By the time the park opened to the public in 2023, all the old workshops 5  (transform) into art galleries, and the rusty machines 6  (preserve) as part of the industrial heritage display. Workers mentioned that special materials 7  (use) to repair the factory’s original windows to keep its historical style. A visitor from another city said, “I was surprised by how well the old factory 8  (restore)—it feels like a bridge between the past and present.” Now, the park hosts various events regularly. Last month, a fashion show 9  (hold) there, and many local designers showcased their works inspired by the factory’s history. The park management announced that more interactive exhibitions 10  (organize) next quarter to let visitors experience the city’s industrial past more vividly. They also added that the park’s green areas would be expanded soon to provide a more comfortable environment for visitors. 【答案】 1. was founded 2. was closed 3. had been left 4. was started 5. had been transformed 6. had been preserved 7. had been used 8. had been restored 9. was held 10. would be organized 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了城市旧纺织厂从辉煌到闲置，再通过重建变身文创公园的历程，展现了工业遗产的保护与活化利用，涵盖多种时态的被动语态。 1. 考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：当地历史学家表示，这家工厂建于 1952 年，曾在该市工业发展中发挥关键作用。“1952 年建厂” 是过去动作，主语 the factory 与 found 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 was founded。故填 was founded。 2. 考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：然而，随着新兴产业的出现，这家工厂于 2005 年关闭，在 2021 年重建项目启动前，已闲置了 15 年多。“2005 年关闭” 是过去动作，主语 the factory 与 close 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 was closed。故填 was closed。 3. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：然而，随着新兴产业的出现，这家工厂于 2005 年关闭，在 2021 年重建项目启动前，已闲置了 15 年多。“闲置” 发生在 “重建项目启动”（2021 年，过去动作）之前，是 “过去的过去”，主语 the factory 与 leave 是被动关系，用 had been left。故填 had been left。 4. 考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：然而，随着新兴产业的出现，这家工厂于 2005 年关闭，在 2021 年重建项目启动前，已闲置了 15 年多。“2021 年启动项目” 是过去动作，主语 the reconstruction project 与 start 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 was started。故填 was started。 5. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：到 2023 年公园向公众开放时，所有旧车间都已改造成艺术画廊，生锈的机器也已作为工业遗产展览的一部分被保存下来。“by the time + 过去时句子” 引导状语从句，主句需用过去完成时；主语 all the old workshops 与 transform 是被动关系，用 had been transformed。故填 had been transformed。 6. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：到 2023 年公园向公众开放时，所有旧车间都已改造成艺术画廊，生锈的机器也已作为工业遗产展览的一部分被保存下来。“保存机器” 与 “改造车间” 同时发生在 “公园开放” 前，是 “过去的过去”，主语 the rusty machines 与 preserve 是被动关系，用 had been preserved。故填 had been preserved。 7. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：工人们提到，修复工厂原有窗户时使用了特殊材料，以保留其历史风貌。“使用材料” 发生在 “工人们提到”（过去动作）之前，是 “过去的过去”，主语 special materials 与 use 是被动关系，用 had been used。故填 had been used。 8. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：一位来自其他城市的游客说：“我很惊讶这座旧工厂修复得这么好 —— 它就像一座连接过去和现在的桥梁。”“修复工厂” 发生在 “游客说”（过去动作）之前，是 “过去的过去”，主语 the old factory 与 restore 是被动关系，用 had been restored。故填 had been restored。 9. 考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：上个月，一场时装秀在那里举行，许多当地设计师展示了受工厂历史启发的作品。“上个月举行时装秀” 是过去动作，主语 a fashion show 与 hold 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 was held。故填 was held。 10. 考查过去将来时被动语态。句意：公园管理方宣布，下季度将举办更多互动展览，让游客更生动地体验这座城市的工业历史。“announced” 后接宾语从句，主句是过去时，从句表 “过去将要发生的动作”，用过去将来时；主语 more interactive exhibitions 与 organize 是被动关系，故填 would be organized。 Passage 4 （24-25 高三・江苏南京・模拟・改编）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The school’s digital library project has greatly changed students’ learning experience. Before the project began in 2022, most students 1  (limit) to using physical books in the traditional library, which often had a limited number of copies. School leaders said the digital library idea 2  (propose) by a group of teachers in 2021, and after a year of preparation, the project 3  (approve) by the local education department. By the start of the 2022-2023 school year, over 10,000 e-books and 500 educational videos 4  (upload) to the digital library platform. Technicians explained that the platform 5  (test) repeatedly to ensure it could run smoothly on different devices. A student named Wang said, “I love the digital library—I can access materials anytime, even at home. Last semester, my research paper 6  (complete) much faster because I didn’t have to wait for physical books to be available.” This year, the school has added more functions to the platform. Last month, an online tutoring service 7  (launch), allowing students to ask teachers questions directly through the library system. The service 8  (use) by over 300 students so far. School officials announced that more e-resources 9  (add) to the platform next year, including foreign language learning materials and academic journals. They also said that a mobile app for the digital library 10  (develop) soon, making it even easier for students to use the library on their phones. Additionally, training sessions would be held for teachers next month to help them make better use of the platform in their classes. 【答案】 1. were limited 2. had been proposed 3. was approved 4. had been uploaded 5. had been tested 6. was completed 7. was launched 8. has been used 9. would be added 10. would be developed 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学校数字图书馆项目的发起、建设过程及功能升级，展现了数字化工具对学生学习的积极影响，涵盖一般过去时、过去完成时、现在完成时、过去将来时等多种时态的被动语态。 1. 考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：在 2022 年项目启动前，大多数学生只能使用传统图书馆的实体书，而实体书的复本数量往往有限。“2022 年项目启动前” 是过去时间段，主语 most students 与 limit 是被动关系（be limited to 表示 “被限制于”），用一般过去时被动语态 were limited。故填 were limited。 2. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：学校领导表示，数字图书馆的想法是由一群教师在 2021 年提出的，经过一年的准备，该项目得到了当地教育部门的批准。“2021 年提出想法” 发生在 “学校领导说”（过去动作）之前，是 “过去的过去”，主语 the digital library idea 与 propose 是被动关系，用 had been proposed。故填 had been proposed。 3. 考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：学校领导表示，数字图书馆的想法是由一群教师在 2021 年提出的，经过一年的准备，该项目得到了当地教育部门的批准。“项目得到批准” 是过去动作（2022 年项目启动前），主语 the project 与 approve 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 was approved。故填 was approved。 4. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：到 2022-2023 学年开始时，已有超过 1 万本电子书和 500 个教育视频上传到数字图书馆平台。“by the start of + 过去时间” 作状语，主句需用过去完成时；主语 over 10,000 e-books and 500 educational videos 与 upload 是被动关系，用 had been uploaded。故填 had been uploaded。 5. 考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：技术人员解释说，该平台已经过反复测试，以确保它能在不同设备上顺畅运行。“测试平台” 发生在 “技术人员解释”（过去动作）之前，是 “过去的过去”，主语 the platform 与 test 是被动关系，用 had been tested。故填 had been tested。 6. 考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：上学期，我的研究论文完成得快多了，因为我不用等实体书可用。“上学期完成论文” 是过去动作，主语 my research paper 与 complete 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 was completed。故填 was completed。 7. 考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：上个月，一项在线辅导服务启动了，学生可以通过图书馆系统直接向老师提问。“上个月启动服务” 是过去动作，主语 an online tutoring service 与 launch 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 was launched。故填 was launched。 8. 考查现在完成时被动语态。句意：到目前为止，已有超过 300 名学生使用了这项服务。“so far” 作状语，需用现在完成时；主语 The service 与 use 是被动关系，用 has been used。故填 has been used。 9. 考查过去将来时被动语态。句意：学校官员宣布，明年将有更多电子资源添加到平台上，包括外语学习材料和学术期刊。“announced” 后接宾语从句，主句是过去时，从句表 “过去将要发生的动作”，用过去将来时；主语 more e-resources 与 add 是被动关系，故填 would be added。 10. 考查过去将来时被动语态。句意：他们还表示，数字图书馆的移动应用程序即将开发，这将使学生在手机上使用图书馆变得更加容易。“said” 后接宾语从句，主句是过去时，从句表 “过去将要发生的动作”，用过去将来时；主语 a mobile app 与 develop 是被动关系，故填 would be developed。 ( 乐思英语 ) 9 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$