Unit 1 语法学习课（课件PPT）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第一册高中同步学案（北师大版）

Unit 1 　RELATIONSHIPS 语法学习课 Unit 1 返回导航 1 Unit 1 返回导航 1 had risen had taught himself Unit 1 返回导航 1 Unit 1 返回导航 1 Unit 1 返回导航 1 Unit 1 返回导航 1 Unit 1 返回导航 1 Unit 1 返回导航 1 Unit 1 返回导航 1 Unit 1 返回导航 1 Unit 1 返回导航 1 Unit 1 返回导航 1 Unit 1 返回导航 1 had learned had finished had been hadn't seen had left Unit 1 返回导航 1 Unit 1 返回导航 1 Unit 1 返回导航 1 Unit 1 返回导航 1 had been planted has attempted had done has lived had been sold out had finished Unit 1 返回导航 1 Unit 1 返回导航 1 Unit 1 返回导航 1 谢谢观看 Unit 1 返回导航 1 过去完成时(The past perfect tense) [情境探究] 观察上面的对话，并完成句子： (1)The sun when we got to the top of the mountain. 我们到达山顶时太阳已经升起来了。 (2)By the time he was 16 years old, he advanced mathematics. 他十六岁时已自学完了高等数学。 [要义详析] 一、概念及形式 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。过去完成时的构成形式、否定形式、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句及被动语态列表如下： 构成形式 否定形式 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 被动语态 主语＋ had＋动 词­ed形 式＋其他 主语＋ hadn't＋ 动词­ed 形式＋其他 Had＋主 语＋动词 ­ed形式 ＋其他？ 特殊疑问句 ＋had＋主语 ＋动词­ed形 式＋其他？ 主语＋had (not)been＋ 动词­ed形 式＋其他 二、基本用法 过去完成时常用的时间状语可以用介词短语或时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 1．表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前已经完成了的动作，用于by，before，after等介词短语或when，before，after，until/till，by the end of等时间状语从句的主句中。 *By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。 *The film had begun before we got to the cinema. 在我们到达电影院前电影已经开始了。 * By the end of last month, I had planted thousands of trees.到上个月末，我已经种了数千棵树了。 [名师指津] 如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 *After he arrived in England, Mike worked hard to improve his English. 迈克到达英国之后，努力提高他的英语水平。 2．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for及since构成的时间状语连用。*He had worked in that school for three years befor he came to our school. 他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年。 * He said he had worked in that factory since 1999. 他说自从1999年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 3．叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 *I saw Mr. Wang yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he left Beijing.我昨天见到王先生了。自从他离开北京我们就一直没见过面。 *I didn't know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 4．在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 *I returned the book that had been borrowed. 我已归还了借的书。 5．过去完成时常常用在told, said，knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 * He told me that he had been to Canada. 他告诉我他到过加拿大。 *I thought I had seen him before. 我觉得我以前见过他。 6．动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。 *We had hoped to be able to come and see you. 我们本来希望能来看你。 *I had thought you would come, but you didn't. 我本来认为你会来，但你没有。 7．过去完成时还可用在hardly... when..., no sooner... than... ，it was the first (second，etc) time(that)...等固定句型中。 *He had hardly begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 *It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。 [名师指津] 在hardly.... when...和no sooner... than...句型中，若将hardly和no sooner置于句首，则主句用部分倒装。 *No sooner had we got home than it began to rain. 我们刚到家，天就开始下雨。 ⊙即学活用 用括号内动词的适当形填空。 (1)I (finish) reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. (2) We (learn) over two thousand English words by the end of last term. (3)He said that he (be)a soldier for ten years. (4)I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We (not see) each other since he went to Guangzhou. (5)When I arrived, Ann just (leave). (6)It was the third time that he had donated(donate) money to the disaster area. 三、过去完成时与其他时态的区别 1．过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较： *I have lived in China for ten years so far. 到目前为止，我在中国已经生活10年了。 *I had Iived in China for ten years before I came to Japan. 在来日本之前，我已经在中国生活10年了。 2．过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 (1)时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。 *They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 昨天他们10点钟到了车站。 (2)在没有明确的时间状语作为标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须根据上下文来判断，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。 *I had finished my homework before my mother came back. 在妈妈回来前，我已经把作业写完了。 (3)当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before，after，as soon as引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。 *He entered the room，turned on the light and read an evening paper. 他走进房间，打开灯，然后看晚报。 *I (had) called her before I left the office. 我离开办公室前给她打了电话。 ⊙即学活用 用括号内动词(短语)的适当形式填空。 (1)The scientist is doing experiments no one (attempt) so far. (2)Six hundred trees (plant) before last Wednesday. (3) After he (do)his homework, he went to bed. (4) He (live)here since five years ago. (5)All the tickets (sell out) when Mary got to the cinema. (6)I (finish)cooking dinner before you came back. [语法主题应用] 使用本单元所学的过去完成时翻译下面语段 昨天晚上吃完(finish)饭后，我和小明一起去看电影。当我们到达电影院时，电影还没有开始( begin)，但大部分观众已经落(take)座。电影开始后，观众立刻安静下来。这是我第一次观看(see)纪录片，所以特别专注。这是我看过的(see)最感人的电影。 参考答案： Last night, after I had finished supper, I went to the cinema with Xiao Ming. When we got to the cinema, the film hadn't begun，but most of the audience had taken their seats.After the film began, the audience quieted down immediately.It was the first time that I had seen the documentary, so I watched it especially attentively.This was the best film I had ever seen. $$