第18讲 过去分词(复习讲义)(全国通用)2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

2025-10-30
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第18讲 过去分词 目录 01 3 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4 考点一 过去分词的句法功能 3 知识点1 过去分词的规则与不规则变化. 4 知识点2 作定语. 9 考向1 考查-ed分词作定语 10 知识点3 作表语. 11 考向2 考查-ed分词作表语 12 知识点4 作补语. 12 考向3 考查-ed分词作补语 13 知识点5 作状语. 13 【思维建模】根据过去分词的句法功能的解题思路 考向4 考查-ed分词作状语 15 考点二 过去分词的特殊用法 16 知识点1 过去分词用于省略句 16 知识点2 过去分词用于独立主格结构 16 考向1 考查-ed分词的特殊用法 17 考向2 考查-ed分词用于独立主格结构 17 04真题溯源 考向感知. 18 题型 年份 卷别 过去分词 功能 考情分析 语法填空 2025 新高考II卷 left 作定语 分析近年高考真题可知,高考在命题中对非谓语的考查较为稳定。语法填空中考查非谓语的基本句法功能,考点稳定,考查过去分词作定语居多,但又稳中求变,也涉及过去分词的其他句法功能。同时,考查对长难句中涉及多动词的句式呈增多趋势,结合谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致进行综合设题,难度较大。 复习目标: 1. 掌握过去分词的基本用法。 2. 辨析谓语被动语态语过去分词。 3. 掌握过去分词和不定式、现在分词的 区别。 4. 掌握过去分词短语作定语、表语、补语、状语的用法。 北京卷 scared 作补语 2024 新高考I卷 closed 作表语 新高考II卷 inspired 作定语 浙江1月 designed 作定语 2023 新高考Ⅰ卷 recognized 作定语 全国甲卷 intended 作定语 全国乙卷 built 作定语 天津卷第一次 posted 作定语 浙江1月 surrounded 作定语 2022 全国甲卷 held 作定语 全国乙卷 shared 作定语 北京卷卷 supported 作定语 浙江1月 studied 作定语 考点一 过去分词的句法功能 动词的-ed形式保留动词的许多特征,在句中可以作表语、定语、补足语、状语等。其否定式是在其前加not。在句中可有自己的状语和逻辑主语,带双宾语的及物动词的-ed形式还可以有自己的宾语。 知识点1 过去分词的规则与不规则变化 动词的过去分词规则变化如下表所示: 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加-ed play→ played; discuss→discussed 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为-ied carry→carried; try→tried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重度闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加-ed plan→ planned; refer→ referred 以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加-d provide→ provided; like→liked 不规则变化如下表所示: 词义 动词原形 过去分词 出生 bear born 打 beat beaten 变得 become become 开始 begin begun 弯曲 bend bent 咬 bite bitten/bit 流血 bleed bled 吹、刮风 blow blown 打破 break broken 带来 bring brought 建筑,建设 build built 燃烧 burn burnt/burned 爆发 burst burst 买 buy bought 投,抛 cast cast 捉、抓 catch caught 选择 choose chosen 来 come come 值,花费 cost cost 割、切 cut cut 对付、处理 deal dealt 挖,掘 dig dug 做 do done 拉、拽 draw drawn 做梦 dream dreamed/dreamt 喝养 drink drunk 驾驶,驱赶 drive driven 吃 eat eaten 落下 fall fallen 喂 feed fed 觉得 feel felt 战斗 fight fought 发现 find found 逃,消失 flee fled 飞行 fly flown 禁止 forbid forbidden 预测,预报 forecast forecast/forecasted 忘记 forget forgotten 宽恕 forgive forgiven 冻结 freeze frozen 得到 get got/gotten 给(予) give given 去 go gone 生长 grow grown 悬挂 hang hung 绞死 hanged 有 have had 听到 hear heard 藏,隐瞒 hide hid/hidden 打中 hit hit 持有、容纳 hold held 损伤 hurt hurt 保持 keep kept 知道 know known 放,放置 lay laid 领导、引领 lead led 跳跃;跳越 leap leapt/leaped 学习 learn learnt/learned 离开 leave left 借给 lend lent 让 let let 躺 lie lain 点燃 light lit/lighted 失去 lose lost 做,制作 make made 意欲,想要 mean meant 遇见 meet met 误认 mistake mistaken 误解,误会 misunderstand misunderstood 克服,战胜 overcome overcome 赶上,超过 overtake overtaken 支付 pay paid 放,放下 put put 读,阅读 read read 恐慌 panic panicked 野炊 picnic picnicked 重建 rebuild rebuilt 归还,报答 repay repaid 处理掉、去掉 rid rid 骑 ride ridden 响,打电话 ring rung 升,上升 rise risen 跑 run run 说,说话 say said 看见 see seen 找,找方法 seek sought 售卖、销售 sell sold 送、派遣 send sent 安放 set set 缝纫 sew sewn/sewed 摇动 shake shaken 刮脸 shave shaven/shaved 发光 shine shone/shined 射击 shoot shot 表明,指示 show shown/showed 关闭 shut shut 唱歌 sing sung 沉下 sink sunk 坐 sit sat 睡觉 sleep slept 嗅,闻 smell smelt/smelled 播种 sow sown/sowed 说话 speak spoken 急行 speed sped/speeded 拼写 spell spelt/spelled 花费 spend spent 溢出,流出 spill spilt/spilled 吐唾沫,喷 spit spat 分裂 split split 溺爱,损坏 spoil spoilt 展开;传播 spread spread 站,立 stand stood 偷盗 steal stolen 粘,刺,戳 stick stuck 打、袭击 strike struck 发誓,诅咒 swear sworn 打扫,扫地 sweep swept 肿胀 swell swelled/swollen 游泳 swim swum 摇摆 swing swung 拿 take taken 教 teach taught 撕毁 tear torn 告诉 tell told 想 think thought 抛,掷 throw thrown 了解,理解 understand understood 承担,保证 undertake undertaken 醒来 wake woken/waked 穿 wear worn 编织,组合 weave woven 得胜,赢得 win won 缠绕 wind wound/winded 写 write written 知识点2 作定语 1. 过去分词作定语,表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作,单个过去分词作前置定语。 例1. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. 在乌干达,瑞恩终于亲眼见到了完成了的水井。 例2. The lost time can never be found again.逝去的时间永远也找不回来了。 例3.I need to fix the broken window before it rains. 我需要在下雨前修好那扇破窗户。 例4.The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。 2. 过去分词短语修饰名词作后置定语,表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。相当于省略了关系代词+be动词的定语从句。 例1.The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. =The meeting, which was attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人。 例2.The houses built last year are for the teachers. =The houses that/which were built last year are for the teacher. 这些去年建好的房子是为老师准备的。 得分速记 现在分词作定语表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作;不定式作定语表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。 例1.The sleeping baby didn’t hear the doorbell. 正在睡觉的宝宝没听见门铃声。 例2.The rising sun brings hope to everyone. 初升的太阳给每个人带来希望。 考向1 考查-ed分词作定语 例1 I’m writing to apply for the position (advertise) on the newspaper and I think I’m qualified for it. 例2 It is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops (generate) from Yuan’s hybrid strain. 【变式训练1·变载体】1.5 degree of global warming in the future is already in progress, which makes the goals of keeping warming below 2 degrees (outline) in the 2015 Paris Agreement (巴黎气候协议) unattainable. 【变式训练2·变情景】The newly (elect) Prime Minister said: “I will unite our country, not with words, but with action.” 知识点3 作表语 1. 过去分词作表语,表示“感到……”,主语多为人。常见动词如: 1 / 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 amazed(感到惊讶的); bored(感到无聊的); confused(困惑的); delighted(开心的); depressed(低落的); determined(下定决心的); disappointed(失望的); excited(兴奋的); embarrassed(尴尬的); exhausted(筋疲力尽的); frightened(令人惊骇的); frustrated(消沉的); interested(感兴趣的); satisfied (满意度); surprised(吃惊的); moved(感动的) The pupils will get confused if they learn too much at a time. 如果学生一次学太多,他们会感到困惑。 3. be+不及物动词的过去分词,一般是系表结构。如: gone消失了,不在了; fallen落下的;known著名的; mistaken无解的,弄错的等。 例1.They got discouraged when they failed again.再次失败时,他们感到沮丧。 例2.The children were excited about the upcoming trip.孩子们对即将到来的旅行感到兴奋。 4.现在分词作表语,放在系动词之后,说明主语的身份、性质或情况,常翻译为“令人……”。 例1.Her story sounds interesting, so I’ll listen carefully.她的故事听起来很有趣,我会仔细听。 例2.The math problem seems confusing to most students.这道数学题对大多数学生来说显得复杂。 得分速记 1.作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词容易混淆。但被动语态表示主语的动作,作表语的过去分词表示主语所处的状态。 例1. The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。 2.现在分词作表语,说名主语的身份、性质或情况,主语大多是物。表示“令人......的”。 例2. The window is broken.(系表结构,表示主语the window所处的状态broken)这扇窗户碎了。 例3. The window was broken by Tim.(被动语态,表示动作)这扇窗户是Tim打碎的。 考向2 考查-ed分词作表语 例1 I am afraid there is not much time remaining for you to get ( dress ) for the party. 例2 When Bob got (absorb) in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life. 【变式训练1·变载体】Although it has been buried underground for over 1,000 years, the ancient queen’s body remains well (preserve). 【变式训练2·变情景】I get (refresh) through rock climbing, spend more time with my dad and get to meet new friends. 知识点4 作补语 1. 表感觉或心理状态的动词如notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。 2. 表示“致使”等使役意义的动词如have, get, keep, leave, make等后。 例1. I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 例2. I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 例3. He spoke in a loud voice in order to make himself heard.他大声讲话,以便让别人听到。 3. with的复合结构中。 A.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作; B.对比:该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作;现在分词表示一个主动动作; C.省略with则该结构变为独立主格结构。 例1. With his homework finished, he went to the park to play. 作业写完了,他便去公园玩了。 例2.She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷,她只好步行回家。 例3.With the problem solved, we all felt relieved.问题解决了,我们都松了口气。 得分速记 1. 过去分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑宾语,该动词与宾语之间有动宾关系。 2. 观感使役类动词接过去分词作补足语,表示与宾语之间被动关系。 3. 过去分词用于“with+名词/代词+ done”结构,表示与宾语之间被动关系。有时,该结构省略介词with,形成“名词/代词+ done”独立主格结构。 4. with复合结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作;现在分词表示一个主动动作。 考向3 考查-ed分词作补语 例1 They have already had some everyday words (add) to the new edition of the dictionary. · 例2 I was very upset to find my application (rejection) by the company that I am fond of. 【变式训练1·变载体】Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine that she had had (repair) went wrong again. 【变式训练2·变情景】To keep myself (remind) of the exam in law, I set the alarm clock. 知识点5 作状语 1. 过去分词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语,强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系;为了强调,还可以与while, when, once, if, unless等连词连用。 例1.Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.(=Though he was warned...)虽然被警告危险,他仍旧到薄冰上滑冰。 例2.The professor came into the classroom, followed by some students.教授走进教室,几个学生跟在后 例3. Given more time, I can finish the work.(=If I am given...) 例4. Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.从山顶看,这座城市显得格外美丽。 2. “be+过去分词+介词”短语作状语时,be动词省略,直接用过去分词作状语。如: “be+过去分词+in”类短语: 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 11 / 11 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 be lost in陷入, be located in坐落在, be occupied in专心于, be absorbed in专心致志于, be stuck in被困在, be trapped in被困在, be involved in参与, be buried in埋头于, be dressed in穿着… “be+过去分词+with”类短语: be satisfied with对…… 满意, be equipped with配备有, be loaded with装载着, be burdened with负担着, be faced with面临着… “be+过去分词+to”类短语: be accustomed to习惯于, be addicted to沉迷于, be devoted/committed to致力于, be exposed to暴露于, be used to习惯余… 例1. Absorbed in painting, he spent the whole afternoon in the studio. 他全神贯注于绘画,在画室里度过了整个下午。 例2. Faced with the emergency, she immediately called for help. 面对紧急情况,她立刻呼救。 例3. Exposed to loud noise daily, workers here often have hearing problems. 每天暴露在噪音中,这里的工人常出现听力问题。 思维建模 根据过去分词的句法功能的解题思路 分析成分 信息 提取 1. 1. 寻找到谓语,以便区分所填空是否为非谓语。 2. 判断非谓语动词所作的成分。 3. 找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语。 4.作主语或宾语,常用动名词表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况; 5.作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式; 6.作伴随状语、时间、方式等状语,常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,若是被动关系,用过去分词。 对照 检验 核对 答案 考向4 考查-ed分词作状语 例1 (strike) by his uplifting speech, the teacher awarded the first prize to him. 例2 (trap) in the dark building for more than 5 hours, the thief looked pale and terrified. 【变式训练1·变载体】 (commit) to the conservation of heritage sites, we are sure to make great achievements. 【变式训练2·变情景】The film star appeared, (accompany) by a team of strong bodyguards. 考点二 过去分词的特殊用法 知识点1 过去分词用于省略句 1. 状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。如果用“从属连词+现在分词”,强调从句谓语动词与句子主语之间的主动关系;“从属连词+过去分词”强调二者之间被动关系。 例1. When(it is )completed, the road will be open to public. 当这条铁路修好后,将会对公众开放。 例2. Though( he was )warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. 虽然有人警告他小心点,他还是在薄冰上滑冰。 例3. When (I was) walking in the park, I found a lost cat.在公园散步时,我发现了一只迷路的猫。 例4. Unless (it is) repaired immediately, the machine may break down.除非立即被修理,否则机器可能故障. 2.易错提醒:before和after后接动词,只能接动名词作宾语。 例1.They had a short discussion before making the final decision.做最终决定前,他们进行了简短讨论。 例2.After finishing his homework, he went out to play.完成作业后,他出去玩了。 例3.The contract will be signed by both parties before being made public.这份合同在被公开之前将由双方签署。 知识点2 过去分词用于独立主格结构 “名词/代词+过去分词”中,名词或代词是过去分词的逻辑主语,与分词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,是分词动作的承受者,在句中作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。 例1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.积蓄全部用完了,我们就开始找工作。 = Because all our savings had been gone... 例2. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it. 专心致志地听着讲座,所有注意力全用在上面了。 例3. Many things settled, the manager looks relaxed. 很多事情处理好了,经理看上去很轻松。 考向1 考查-ed分词的特殊用法 例1 If (leave) untreated, the condition will eventually result in blindness. 例2 Once (complete), this power station will supply all the neighboring towns and villages with electricity. 【变式训练1·变载体】Though (award) the National Teacher of the Year, she feels guilty at spending so little time with her kids. 【变式训练2·变载体】Patients with severe allergies are warned not to try new medications unless (accompany) by a healthcare professional. 考向2 考查-ed分词用于独立主格结构 例1 Hu performed a series of Chinese music pieces, Hundreds of Birds Paying Homage to Phoenix________ (include), and also played with local musicians adaptations of Cuban music pieces. 例2 He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known (be) the general theory of relativity. 【变式训练1·变情景】 (judge) from the current situation, a new plan should be put forward as soon as possible. 【变式训练2·变载体】As the sun began to rise, casting a golden hue on the park’s traditional architecture, the volunteers gathered at the Zhuzi Cultural Park Square, their red and blue vests (contrast) vividly with the lush green mountains for the opening ceremony. 【变式训练3·变考法】With so many things (bother) me, I hope you can offer me some practical advice. 1.(2025全国二卷)If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 65 (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 2.(2024年新高考I卷) In cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants. 3.(2024年全国甲卷改错)Our fast train was packing with passengers. 4. (2023天津3月卷)The hero’s touching story ________ online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of comments from the public. A.posting B.to post C.posted D.to be posted 5.(2023年全国乙卷)It is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ________ (build) system of ring roads. 6.(2022年全国乙卷)The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society addressed the opening ceremony. "... It can help to build a community with a (share)future for mankind," he said. 7.(2021浙江卷1月)In 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. 8.(2022年北京卷) One theory, increasingly ________  (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. $$ 第18讲 过去分词 目录 01 3 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4 考点一 过去分词的句法功能 3 知识点1 过去分词的规则与不规则变化. 4 知识点2 作定语. 9 考向1 考查-ed分词作定语 10 知识点3 作表语. 11 考向2 考查-ed分词作表语 12 知识点4 作补语. 13 考向3 考查-ed分词作补语 14 知识点5 作状语. 15 【思维建模】根据过去分词的句法功能的解题思路 考向4 考查-ed分词作状语 16 考点二 过去分词的特殊用法 17 知识点1 过去分词用于省略句 18 知识点2 过去分词用于独立主格结构 18 考向1 考查-ed分词的特殊用法 18 考向2 考查-ed分词用于独立主格结构 19 04真题溯源 考向感知. 21 题型 年份 卷别 过去分词 功能 考情分析 语法填空 2025 新高考II卷 left 作定语 分析近年高考真题可知,高考在命题中对非谓语的考查较为稳定。语法填空中考查非谓语的基本句法功能,考点稳定,考查过去分词作定语居多,但又稳中求变,也涉及过去分词的其他句法功能。同时,考查对长难句中涉及多动词的句式呈增多趋势,结合谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致进行综合设题,难度较大。 复习目标: 1. 掌握过去分词的基本用法。 2. 辨析谓语被动语态语过去分词。 3. 掌握过去分词和不定式、现在分词的 区别。 4. 掌握过去分词短语作定语、表语、补语、状语的用法。 北京卷 scared 作补语 2024 新高考I卷 closed 作表语 新高考II卷 inspired 作定语 浙江1月 designed 作定语 2023 新高考Ⅰ卷 recognized 作定语 全国甲卷 intended 作定语 全国乙卷 built 作定语 天津卷第一次 posted 作定语 浙江1月 surrounded 作定语 2022 全国甲卷 held 作定语 全国乙卷 shared 作定语 北京卷卷 supported 作定语 浙江1月 studied 作定语 考点一 过去分词的句法功能 动词的-ed形式保留动词的许多特征,在句中可以作表语、定语、补足语、状语等。其否定式是在其前加not。在句中可有自己的状语和逻辑主语,带双宾语的及物动词的-ed形式还可以有自己的宾语。 知识点1 过去分词的规则与不规则变化 动词的过去分词规则变化如下表所示: 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加-ed play→ played; discuss→discussed 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为-ied carry→carried; try→tried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重度闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加-ed plan→ planned; refer→ referred 以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加-d provide→ provided; like→liked 不规则变化如下表所示: 词义 动词原形 过去分词 出生 bear born 打 beat beaten 变得 become become 开始 begin begun 弯曲 bend bent 咬 bite bitten/bit 流血 bleed bled 吹、刮风 blow blown 打破 break broken 带来 bring brought 建筑,建设 build built 燃烧 burn burnt/burned 爆发 burst burst 买 buy bought 投,抛 cast cast 捉、抓 catch caught 选择 choose chosen 来 come come 值,花费 cost cost 割、切 cut cut 对付、处理 deal dealt 挖,掘 dig dug 做 do done 拉、拽 draw drawn 做梦 dream dreamed/dreamt 喝养 drink drunk 驾驶,驱赶 drive driven 吃 eat eaten 落下 fall fallen 喂 feed fed 觉得 feel felt 战斗 fight fought 发现 find found 逃,消失 flee fled 飞行 fly flown 禁止 forbid forbidden 预测,预报 forecast forecast/forecasted 忘记 forget forgotten 宽恕 forgive forgiven 冻结 freeze frozen 得到 get got/gotten 给(予) give given 去 go gone 生长 grow grown 悬挂 hang hung 绞死 hanged 有 have had 听到 hear heard 藏,隐瞒 hide hid/hidden 打中 hit hit 持有、容纳 hold held 损伤 hurt hurt 保持 keep kept 知道 know known 放,放置 lay laid 领导、引领 lead led 跳跃;跳越 leap leapt/leaped 学习 learn learnt/learned 离开 leave left 借给 lend lent 让 let let 躺 lie lain 点燃 light lit/lighted 失去 lose lost 做,制作 make made 意欲,想要 mean meant 遇见 meet met 误认 mistake mistaken 误解,误会 misunderstand misunderstood 克服,战胜 overcome overcome 赶上,超过 overtake overtaken 支付 pay paid 放,放下 put put 读,阅读 read read 恐慌 panic panicked 野炊 picnic picnicked 重建 rebuild rebuilt 归还,报答 repay repaid 处理掉、去掉 rid rid 骑 ride ridden 响,打电话 ring rung 升,上升 rise risen 跑 run run 说,说话 say said 看见 see seen 找,找方法 seek sought 售卖、销售 sell sold 送、派遣 send sent 安放 set set 缝纫 sew sewn/sewed 摇动 shake shaken 刮脸 shave shaven/shaved 发光 shine shone/shined 射击 shoot shot 表明,指示 show shown/showed 关闭 shut shut 唱歌 sing sung 沉下 sink sunk 坐 sit sat 睡觉 sleep slept 嗅,闻 smell smelt/smelled 播种 sow sown/sowed 说话 speak spoken 急行 speed sped/speeded 拼写 spell spelt/spelled 花费 spend spent 溢出,流出 spill spilt/spilled 吐唾沫,喷 spit spat 分裂 split split 溺爱,损坏 spoil spoilt 展开;传播 spread spread 站,立 stand stood 偷盗 steal stolen 粘,刺,戳 stick stuck 打、袭击 strike struck 发誓,诅咒 swear sworn 打扫,扫地 sweep swept 肿胀 swell swelled/swollen 游泳 swim swum 摇摆 swing swung 拿 take taken 教 teach taught 撕毁 tear torn 告诉 tell told 想 think thought 抛,掷 throw thrown 了解,理解 understand understood 承担,保证 undertake undertaken 醒来 wake woken/waked 穿 wear worn 编织,组合 weave woven 得胜,赢得 win won 缠绕 wind wound/winded 写 write written 知识点2 作定语 1. 过去分词作定语,表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作,单个过去分词作前置定语。 例1. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. 在乌干达,瑞恩终于亲眼见到了完成了的水井。 例2. The lost time can never be found again.逝去的时间永远也找不回来了。 例3.I need to fix the broken window before it rains. 我需要在下雨前修好那扇破窗户。 例4.The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。 2. 过去分词短语修饰名词作后置定语,表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。相当于省略了关系代词+be动词的定语从句。 例1.The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. =The meeting, which was attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人。 例2.The houses built last year are for the teachers. =The houses that/which were built last year are for the teacher. 这些去年建好的房子是为老师准备的。 得分速记 现在分词作定语表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作;不定式作定语表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。 例1.The sleeping baby didn’t hear the doorbell. 正在睡觉的宝宝没听见门铃声。 例2.The rising sun brings hope to everyone. 初升的太阳给每个人带来希望。 考向1 考查-ed分词作定语 例1 I’m writing to apply for the position (advertise) on the newspaper and I think I’m qualified for it. 【答案】advertised 【解析】考查过去分词。句意:我正写信申请在报纸上刊登的职位,我认为自己能胜任。分析句子可知,“...on the newspaper”作后置定语修饰空前的名词position (职位)。advertise与position是动宾关系,职位被刊登,空处应用过去分词形式。故填advertised。 例2 It is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops (generate) from Yuan’s hybrid strain. 【答案】generated 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:据估计,中国国内大米消费中约有60%是由袁隆平的杂交水稻品种产生的作物组成的。that引导的主语从句谓语为is comprised of,此处为非谓语动词,generate“产生,生成”与逻辑主语crops构成被动关系,故用过去分词,作定语。故填generated。 【变式训练1·变载体】1.5 degree of global warming in the future is already in progress, which makes the goals of keeping warming below 2 degrees (outline) in the 2015 Paris Agreement (巴黎气候协议) unattainable. 【答案】outlined 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:未来全球变暖1.5度的趋势已经在发展中,这使得2015年《巴黎气候协议》中提出的将变暖控制在2度以下的目标变得难以实现。句中“of keeping warming below 2 degree ... in the 2015 Paris Agreement”为定语,修饰“the goals”。其中“outline”与“the goals”之间存在被动关系,即“目标被概述在协议中”,因此需用过去分词“outlined”作后置定语,表被动。故填outlined。 【变式训练2·变情景】The newly (elect) Prime Minister said: “I will unite our country, not with words, but with action.” 【答案】elected 【解析】考查过去分词。句意:新当选的首相说:“我将团结我们的国家,不是用言语,而是用行动。”所给词elect为动词,意为“选举”,与所修饰名词“Prime Minister”之间为被动关系,所以此处使用过去分词形式作定语,elect的过去分词形式elected。故填elected。 知识点3 作表语 1. 过去分词作表语,表示“感到……”,主语多为人。常见动词如: 1 / 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 amazed(感到惊讶的); bored(感到无聊的); confused(困惑的); delighted(开心的); depressed(低落的); determined(下定决心的); disappointed(失望的); excited(兴奋的); embarrassed(尴尬的); exhausted(筋疲力尽的); frightened(令人惊骇的); frustrated(消沉的); interested(感兴趣的); satisfied (满意度); surprised(吃惊的); moved(感动的) The pupils will get confused if they learn too much at a time. 如果学生一次学太多,他们会感到困惑。 3. be+不及物动词的过去分词,一般是系表结构。如: gone消失了,不在了; fallen落下的;known著名的; mistaken无解的,弄错的等。 例1.They got discouraged when they failed again.再次失败时,他们感到沮丧。 例2.The children were excited about the upcoming trip.孩子们对即将到来的旅行感到兴奋。 4.现在分词作表语,放在系动词之后,说明主语的身份、性质或情况,常翻译为“令人……”。 例1.Her story sounds interesting, so I’ll listen carefully.她的故事听起来很有趣,我会仔细听。 例2.The math problem seems confusing to most students.这道数学题对大多数学生来说显得复杂。 得分速记 1.作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词容易混淆。但被动语态表示主语的动作,作表语的过去分词表示主语所处的状态。 例1. The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。 2.现在分词作表语,说名主语的身份、性质或情况,主语大多是物。表示“令人......的”。 例2. The window is broken.(系表结构,表示主语the window所处的状态broken)这扇窗户碎了。 例3. The window was broken by Tim.(被动语态,表示动作)这扇窗户是Tim打碎的。 考向2 考查-ed分词作表语 例1 I am afraid there is not much time remaining for you to get ( dress ) for the party. 【答案】dressed 【解析】考查过去分词。句意:恐怕你没多少时间穿好衣服去参加派对了。分析句子可知,此处为固定搭配“get dressed”,意为“穿好衣服”。“dressed”是过去分词作表语,强调动作的完成状态。故填dressed。 例2 When Bob got (absorb) in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life. 【答案】absorbed 【解析】考查非谓语。句意:当鲍勃沉浸在他的音乐世界里时,他感觉自己仿佛能“看见”周围世界的美好,就像他前世那样。分析句子可知,空格处考查固定搭配get absorbed in,意为“全神贯注于、沉浸在……中”。absorbed是过去分词作表语,此处表示状态,符合语境。故填absorbed。 【变式训练1·变载体】Although it has been buried underground for over 1,000 years, the ancient queen’s body remains well (preserve). 【答案】preserved 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管这位古代女王的尸体已被埋在地下1000多年,但仍然保存完好。“remain”是系动词,后接形容词、名词或非谓语动词作表语,此处body和“preserve(保存)”之间是被动关系,即“身体被保存”,所以用过去分词preserved作表语,构成“remain well preserved”结构,表示“仍然保存完好”。故填preserved。 【变式训练2·变情景】I get (refresh) through rock climbing, spend more time with my dad and get to meet new friends. 【答案】refreshed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我通过攀岩恢复精神,花更多的时间和爸爸在一起,认识新朋友。句中用“get+过去分词”结构,表示被动或状态。故填refreshed。 知识点4 作补语 1. 表感觉或心理状态的动词如notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。 2. 表示“致使”等使役意义的动词如have, get, keep, leave, make等后。 例1. I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 例2. I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 例3. He spoke in a loud voice in order to make himself heard.他大声讲话,以便让别人听到。 3. with的复合结构中。 A.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作; B.对比:该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作;现在分词表示一个主动动作; C.省略with则该结构变为独立主格结构。 例1. With his homework finished, he went to the park to play. 作业写完了,他便去公园玩了。 例2.She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷,她只好步行回家。 例3.With the problem solved, we all felt relieved.问题解决了,我们都松了口气。 得分速记 1. 过去分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑宾语,该动词与宾语之间有动宾关系。 2. 观感使役类动词接过去分词作补足语,表示与宾语之间被动关系。 3. 过去分词用于“with+名词/代词+ done”结构,表示与宾语之间被动关系。有时,该结构省略介词with,形成“名词/代词+ done”独立主格结构。 4. with复合结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作;现在分词表示一个主动动作。 考向3 考查-ed分词作补语 例1 They have already had some everyday words (add) to the new edition of the dictionary. 【答案】added 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他们已经在这本词典的新版本中添加了一些日常用语。句中已有谓语动词 have had,且设空处与 some everyday words 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填 added。 · 例2 I was very upset to find my application (rejection) by the company that I am fond of. 【答案】rejected 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:发现我喜欢的公司拒绝了我的申请,我感到非常沮丧。分析句子可知,句中使用“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,设空处作宾语补足语,且与宾语my application之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词rejected,符合语境。故填rejected。 【变式训练1·变载体】Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine that she had had (repair) went wrong again. 【答案】repaired 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:布朗夫人看到她刚修好的洗衣机又出故障了,感到非常失望。根据空格前的实义动词had可知,空格处应该用非谓语动词作宾语补足语,动词repair与宾语that(指代the washing machine)之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词repaired作宾语补足语。故填repaired。 【变式训练2·变情景】To keep myself (remind) of the exam in law, I set the alarm clock. 【答案】reminded 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了让自己记住法律考试,我设置了闹钟。此处为keep+宾语+宾补结构,myself与remind之间为被动关系,所以使用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填reminded。 知识点5 作状语 1. 过去分词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语,强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系;为了强调,还可以与while, when, once, if, unless等连词连用。 例1.Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.(=Though he was warned...)虽然被警告危险,他仍旧到薄冰上滑冰。 例2.The professor came into the classroom, followed by some students.教授走进教室,几个学生跟在后 例3. Given more time, I can finish the work.(=If I am given...) 例4. Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.从山顶看,这座城市显得格外美丽。 2. “be+过去分词+介词”短语作状语时,be动词省略,直接用过去分词作状语。如: “be+过去分词+in”类短语: 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 11 / 11 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 be lost in陷入, be located in坐落在, be occupied in专心于, be absorbed in专心致志于, be stuck in被困在, be trapped in被困在, be involved in参与, be buried in埋头于, be dressed in穿着… “be+过去分词+with”类短语: be satisfied with对…… 满意, be equipped with配备有, be loaded with装载着, be burdened with负担着, be faced with面临着… “be+过去分词+to”类短语: be accustomed to习惯于, be addicted to沉迷于, be devoted/committed to致力于, be exposed to暴露于, be used to习惯余… 例1. Absorbed in painting, he spent the whole afternoon in the studio. 他全神贯注于绘画,在画室里度过了整个下午。 例2. Faced with the emergency, she immediately called for help. 面对紧急情况,她立刻呼救。 例3. Exposed to loud noise daily, workers here often have hearing problems. 每天暴露在噪音中,这里的工人常出现听力问题。 思维建模 根据过去分词的句法功能的解题思路 分析成分 信息 提取 1. 1. 寻找到谓语,以便区分所填空是否为非谓语。 2. 判断非谓语动词所作的成分。 3. 找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语。 4.作主语或宾语,常用动名词表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况; 5.作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式; 6.作伴随状语、时间、方式等状语,常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,若是被动关系,用过去分词。 对照 检验 核对 答案 考向4 考查-ed分词作状语 例1 (strike) by his uplifting speech, the teacher awarded the first prize to him. 【答案】Struck 【解析】考查过去分词。句意:被他鼓舞人心的演讲打动,老师把一等奖颁给了他。根据空后awarded可知,句中已有谓语动词awarded,空处需用非谓语动词;strike与逻辑主语the teacher之间是被动关系,故应用过去分词形式作原因状语。strike的过去分词为struck,且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Struck。 例2 (trap) in the dark building for more than 5 hours, the thief looked pale and terrified. 【答案】Trapped 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:被困在黑暗的大楼里超过5个小时,小偷脸色苍白,惊恐万分。句中已有looked,空处作非谓语动词,trap与逻辑主语the thief构成被动关系,故用过去分词trapped作状语,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Trapped。 【变式训练1·变载体】 (commit) to the conservation of heritage sites, we are sure to make great achievements. 【答案】Committed 【解析】考查过去分词。句意:我们致力于保护历史遗迹,一定能够取得显著成就。commit为动词,表示“投入、承诺”,根据谓语动词are可知,应用其非谓语动词形式;动词短语be committed to表示“致力于”,故空处应用其过去分词形式,作状语;句首单词首字母大写。故填Committed。 【变式训练2·变情景】The film star appeared, (accompany) by a team of strong bodyguards. 【答案】accompanied 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这位电影明星在一队强壮的保镖陪同下出现了。句中已有谓语动词appeared,故空处需填非谓语动词,作状语,The film star和accompany“陪同”为被动关系,应用过去分词,表被动。故填accompanied。 考点二 过去分词的特殊用法 知识点1 过去分词用于省略句 1. 状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。如果用“从属连词+现在分词”,强调从句谓语动词与句子主语之间的主动关系;“从属连词+过去分词”强调二者之间被动关系。 例1. When(it is )completed, the road will be open to public. 当这条铁路修好后,将会对公众开放。 例2. Though( he was )warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. 虽然有人警告他小心点,他还是在薄冰上滑冰。 例3. When (I was) walking in the park, I found a lost cat.在公园散步时,我发现了一只迷路的猫。 例4. Unless (it is) repaired immediately, the machine may break down.除非立即被修理,否则机器可能故障. 2.易错提醒:before和after后接动词,只能接动名词作宾语。 例1.They had a short discussion before making the final decision.做最终决定前,他们进行了简短讨论。 例2.After finishing his homework, he went out to play.完成作业后,他出去玩了。 例3.The contract will be signed by both parties before being made public.这份合同在被公开之前将由双方签署。 知识点2 过去分词用于独立主格结构 “名词/代词+过去分词”中,名词或代词是过去分词的逻辑主语,与分词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,是分词动作的承受者,在句中作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。 例1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.积蓄全部用完了,我们就开始找工作。 = Because all our savings had been gone... 例2. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it. 专心致志地听着讲座,所有注意力全用在上面了。 例3. Many things settled, the manager looks relaxed. 很多事情处理好了,经理看上去很轻松。 考向1 考查-ed分词的特殊用法 例1 If (leave) untreated, the condition will eventually result in blindness. 【答案】left 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果不加以治疗,这种状况最终会导致失明。此处leave与condition构成被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。故填left。 例2 Once (complete), this power station will supply all the neighboring towns and villages with electricity. 【答案】completed 【解析】考查状语从句中的省略。句意:一旦建成,这座发电站将为周边的所有城镇和村庄提供电力。此处为状语从句中的省略结构,complete与逻辑主语station构成被动关系,故用过去分词,省略了 “this power station is”。故填completed。 【变式训练1·变载体】Though (award) the National Teacher of the Year, she feels guilty at spending so little time with her kids. 【答案】awarded 【解析】考查省略句和动词。句意:尽管被授予了年度国家教师奖,她还是因自己很少花时间和孩子们在一起而感到内疚。此处是though引导的让步状语从句的省略结构。当主句和状语从句的主语相同,且从句有be动词时可以省略从句的主语和be动词。从句表示“她被授予了年度国家教师奖”,though可以直接与过去分词awarded连用构成省略结构表示被动含义。故填awarded。 【变式训练2·变载体】Patients with severe allergies are warned not to try new medications unless (accompany) by a healthcare professional. 【答案】accompanied 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:患有严重过敏症的患者被警告,除非有医疗专业人士陪同,否则切勿尝试使用新药物。此处accompany与Patients构成被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。故填accompanied。 考向2 考查-ed分词用于独立主格结构 例1 Hu performed a series of Chinese music pieces, Hundreds of Birds Paying Homage to Phoenix________ (include), and also played with local musicians adaptations of Cuban music pieces. 【答案】included 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:胡演奏了一系列中国乐曲,其中包括《百鸟朝凤》,并与当地音乐家一起演奏了古巴乐曲的改编作品。分析句子结构可知,本句谓语是performed和played。此处为非谓语动词,且Hundreds of Birds Paying Homage to Phoenix与include是动宾关系,应用过去分词,构成独立主格。故填included。 例2 He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known (be) the general theory of relativity. 【答案】being 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他为世界做出了诸多贡献,其中最为人所知的便是广义相对论。此处没有连词,为独立主格结构。theory和be之间为主动关系,使用现在分词形式,故填being。 【变式训练1·变情景】 (judge) from the current situation, a new plan should be put forward as soon as possible. 【答案】Judging 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:从目前的情况来看,应该尽快提出新的计划。judging from为独立成分,是一种固定的搭配形式,意为“根据……来判断”或“由……来判定”。judging位于句首,首字母大写。故填Judging。 【变式训练2·变载体】As the sun began to rise, casting a golden hue on the park’s traditional architecture, the volunteers gathered at the Zhuzi Cultural Park Square, their red and blue vests (contrast) vividly with the lush green mountains for the opening ceremony. 【答案】contrasting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当太阳开始升起,金色的光辉洒在公园的传统建筑上时,志愿者们聚集在朱子文化公园广场,他们红蓝相间的背心在开幕式上与郁郁葱葱的青山形成鲜明对比。 “their red and blue vests ___________ (contrast) vividly with the lush green mountains”是独立主格结构,contrast(与……形成对比)与其逻辑主语“their red and blue vests”之间是主动关系,用现在分词形式表主动。故填contrasting。 【变式训练3·变考法】With so many things (bother) me, I hope you can offer me some practical advice. 【答案】bothering 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:有这么多事情烦我,我希望你能给我一些实用的建议。句中构成with的复合结构,bother与其逻辑主语so many things之间为主动关系,故应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填bothering。 1.(2025全国二卷)If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 65 (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】left 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”,那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced,此处应用非谓语动词,a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语。故填left。 2.(2024年新高考I卷) In cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants. 【答案】closed 【解析】考查过去分词作表语。句意:然后在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭,以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。故填closed。 3.(2024年全国甲卷改错)Our fast train was packing with passengers. 【答案】packing→packed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们快车上挤满了乘客。be packed with“挤满”,pack与train是被动关系。故将packing改成packed。 4. (2023天津3月卷)The hero’s touching story ________ online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of comments from the public. A.posting B.to post C.posted D.to be posted 【答案】 C 【解析】考查非谓语动词、句意:这位英雄的感人故事被张贴在网上,已经吸引了成千上万的“赞”和数百条公众评论。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。post 和名词story 是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故选C。 5.(2023年全国乙卷)It is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ________ (build) system of ring roads. 【答案】built 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿,它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园,即使是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语,表示“精心建造的……”,和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系,用过去分词。故填built。 6.(2022年全国乙卷)The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society addressed the opening ceremony. "... It can help to build a community with a (share)future for mankind," he said. 【答案】shared 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。 7.(2021浙江卷1月)In 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. 【答案】studied 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以study用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是countries,表被动关系,故填studied。 8.(2022年北京卷) One theory, increasingly ________  (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 【答案】supported 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知,空格处的动词做非谓语,结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”,所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。 $$

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第18讲 过去分词(复习讲义)(全国通用)2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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第18讲 过去分词(复习讲义)(全国通用)2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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第18讲 过去分词(复习讲义)(全国通用)2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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