第17讲 现在分词与动名词（复习讲义）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第17讲 现在分词与动名词 目录 01 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4 考点一 动词-ing形式的句法功能 4 知识点1 作主语. 4 考向1 考查-ing形式作主语 5 知识点2 作宾语. 6 考向2 考查-ing形式作宾语 7 知识点3 作表语. 8 考向3 考查-ing形式作表语 8 知识点4 作定语. 9 考向4 考查-ing形式作定语 9 知识点5 作补语. 11 考向5 考查-ing形式作补语 11 知识点6 作状语. 13 考向6 考查-ing形式作状语的基本用法与特殊用法 16 易混点 只用-ing形式作宾语和只用-to do形式作宾语的易混词辨析. 17 【思维建模】根据动词-ing的句法功能解题的思路 考点二 动词-ing形式的时态与语态 19 知识点1 一般式 19 知识点2 完成式 20 知识点3 动词-ing的复合结构 20 知识点4 被动式 21 考向1 考查动词-ing形式的一般式 21 考向2 考查动词-ing形式的完成式 22 考向3 考查动词-ing形式的被动式 23 04真题溯源 考向感知. 24 题型 考情统计 考情分析 语法 填空 、 改错 年份 卷别 现在分词 动名词 考点 分析近三年高考真题可知，语法填空中对非谓语动词的考查是高考的必考考点。且近年高考题干中句子呈现从句嵌套，句式复杂的现象，加强在复杂语境中考查非谓语动词的一般用法、固定搭配和特殊用法。总体命题较稳，-ing、to do，done分别以非谓语形式出现一次，但也稳中求变，考法日趋灵活。 2025 北京卷 traveling 省略句 八省联考 improving 作宾语 2024 新高考I卷 engineering 作定语 2023 新高考Ⅰ卷 wanting 作宾补 新高考II卷 visiting 作定语 全国甲卷 borrowing warning 作状语、宾语 全国乙卷 Having visited recording 作状语、宾语 北京卷 facing 作定语 复习目标： 1. 1. 熟练掌握非谓语动词的三种基本形式及动词不定式、-ing分词和过去分词的基本用法； 2. 2. 掌握现在分词、过去分词、动名词及不定式的用法区别； 3. 3. 辨析动名词、现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式的常见用法错误。 考点一 动词-ing形式的句法功能 动词的-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，具有名词、代词、形容词、副词的特征。动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语；现在分词可以在句中作表语、定语、补足语、状语。 知识点1 作主语 用法 句型 1.位于句首，动名词直接作主语。 Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 2. It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。 It is no use/good doing….做......是没有用的。 It’s useful/useless doing...做......是有/没有用的。 3.用于There is no doing…固定句型。 There is no denying... 例1. It’s no use regretting your past mistakes. 后悔过去的错误是没有用的。 例2. Being injured in the foot made it impossible for me to walk fast. 脚受伤使我无法快速行走。 例3. Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out. 直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。 例4. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 【全国卷II】 例5. It is a waste of time arguing with such a person. 跟这样的人争论就是浪费时间。 考向1 考查ing形式作主语 例1 It is no use (try) to talk him into studying hard; he can only be persuaded by force. 【答案】trying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：试图说服他努力学习是没有用的，他只能被强迫说服。It is no use doing sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事没有用”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语。故填trying。 例2 (study) a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. 【答案】Studying 【解析】考查动名词。句意：学习一门你觉得毫无意义的学科从来不是一件有趣或容易的事情。分析句子结构可知，is为系动词，is之前为主语，that为定语从句修饰名词subject，所以空处应用study的动名词形式studying作主语，且位于句首首字母需大写。故填Studying。 【变式训练1·变载体】 a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious process without scientific basis. (achieve) 【答案】Achieving 【解析】考查动名词。句意：作为一门外语，达到高水平的英语熟练程度并非是一个没有科学依据的神秘过程。分析句子可知，设空处应填动名词作主语，achieve的动名词形式是achieving，且位于句首首字母需大写。故填Achieving。 【变式训练2·变情景】His (dismiss) from the factory forced him to leave and seek job opportunities in other cities. 【答案】being dismissed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他被工厂解雇迫使他离开工厂到其他城市寻找工作机会。空处作主语，需用动名词的复合结构，“他”和“解雇”为被动关系，需用动名词的被动语态。故填being dismissed。 知识点2 作宾语 例1. I hate lying to the kids. 我讨厌对孩子撒谎。【全国卷I】 例2. Jame is angry about not being invited to the party. 没有被邀请参加聚会，Jame很生气。 例3. After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing. 看了那个玩具一会儿，他转身发现父母不见了。 例4. We should prevent the river from being polluted. 我们应该组织河流被污染。 例5. He tried to avoid answering my questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。 【名师点睛】 1.动名词除了可以作动词的宾语外，还可以作介词的宾语，下列动词词组后接动名词作宾语。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 be used to习惯于, lead to导致, devote to致力于, stick to坚持, object to反对, get down to开始认真着手做, pay attention to注意, can’t stand不能忍受, give up放弃, feel like喜欢, insist on坚持 put off付出有回报, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.； 做某事有困难 spend...(in) doing sth.；花...做某事 look forward to 盼望着； can’t help doing禁不住； burst out突然 例1. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我盼望者很快收到你的来信。 例2. He burst our laughing .他突然大笑起来。 考向2 考查ing形式作宾语 例1 People in the mountainous village earn a living by (sell) produce (农产品) from their farm. 【答案】selling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个山村的人们靠售卖自家农场的农产品为生。by是介词，接动词作宾语时动词必须变为V-ing形式。故填selling。 例2 Elsewhere, people favour (shake) hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 【答案】shaking 【解析】考查动名词。句意：在其他地方，人们见面时喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。分析句子结构可知，动词favour后需接动名词作宾语，favour doing sth.，表示“喜欢做某事”，为固定搭配，符合语境。故填shaking。 【变式训练1·变载体】His academic achievements led to him (elect) as an academician (院士) of the Chinese Academy of Science. 【答案】being elected 【解析】考查动名词的被动式。句意：他的学术成就使他当选为中国科学院院士。根据空前led to him可知，lead to为固定搭配，其中to是介词，空处需用动名词形式作宾语；又因him与elect之间是被动关系，需用动名词的被动式being elected。故填being elected。 【变式训练2·变情景】If you think that treating a woman well means always (get) her permission for things, think again. 【答案】getting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你认为善待女人意味着做任何事都要得到她的允许，那就再想想吧。“mean doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“意味着做某事”，所以此处应用“get”的动名词形式getting作宾语。故填getting。 知识点3 作表语 动名词做表语时和主语通常是对等的关系，主语和表语可以互换位置。 例1. Your task is cleaning the windows. = Cleaning the windows is your task. 擦窗户就是你的任务。 例2. What I hate most is being laughed at. = Being laughed at is what I hate most. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 例3. My job is cleaning the house three times a week.＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job. 一周三次打扫房间是我的工作。 例4. Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. 你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。 考向3 考查ing形式作表语 例1 Her job is ( justify) the company’s new policy to the public. 【答案】justifying 【解析】考查动名词。本句为主系表结构，主语是Her job，系动词是is，空处作表语，需用动名词形式，动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容，即justifying the company’s new policy to the public是她的工作。故填justifying。 例2 Despite its remarkable history, New York is a city with deep contradictions and deep inequality. You see poverty everywhere and the transport system is (crumble). There are tens of thousands of homeless people. 【答案】crumbling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管有着辉煌的历史，纽约却是一座充满深刻矛盾和严重不平等的城市。你到处都能看到贫困，交通系统也摇摇欲坠。有数以万计的无家可归者。分析句子可知，设空处应填现在分词crumbling作表语，此处现在分词具有形容词性质，结合句意“摇摇欲坠的”是crumbling，符合语境。故填crumbling。 【变式训练1·变载体】Progress is always (motivate); any small progress can inspire positive emotions that will make you work harder. 【答案】motivating 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：进步总是激励人的；任何小的进步都会激发积极情绪，而那会让你更有干劲。空处用现在分词作表语，表示“激励人的”，用作表语的分词通常具有形容词性质，现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征，故填motivating。 【变式训练2·变情景】So he remained (stand) upright, and since he was tired, he yawned. 【答案】standing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：于是他依旧笔直地站着，由于疲惫不堪，他打了个哈欠。此处现在分词作表语，强调动作的持续性。故填standing。 知识点4 作定语 动名词做定语往往表示被修饰名词的某种用途，一般置于被修饰词前。 a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking拐杖 a washing machine=a machine for washing洗衣机 a fishing net=a net for fishing渔网； a swimming pool=a pool for swimming游泳池； a reading room=a room for reading阅览室；阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车厢 例1.Beneath this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark， lonely tree. 在这神奇的天空下，我们看到一个沉睡的村庄和一颗黑暗孤独的树。 例2.China is a fast developing country. 中国是一个快速发展的国家。 现在分词做定语与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。单个的分词作定语一般前置，分词短语作定语一般后置。 例1. There are lots of students wishing to join us.有许多学生想加入我们。（现在分词作定语） =There are lots of students who wish to join us. 例2. There are two teaching buildings in our school.我们学校有两座教学楼。（动名词作定语表用途） 例3. The lecture, starting at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. （现在分词作定语）讲座于昨晚7点开始，接下来是用望远镜观测月球。 例4. The young man sitting between Jane and Linda is the editor of the campus newspaper. 坐在简和琳达之间的那个年轻人是校报的编辑。 得分速记 1. 现在分词作定语与所修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 2. 动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途，不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 考向4 考查ing形式作定语 例1 The company (consist) of 5 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis. 【答案】consisting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家由5家小工厂组成的公司正面临严重的财务危机。句子谓语动词是is facing，空处需填非谓语动词，修饰名词company，consist of“由……组成”为固定短语，无被动语态，所以空处需填现在分词consisting作后置定语。故填consisting。 例2 Earth Day, marked on 22, April, is annual (每年的) event (aim) to raise public awareness about environmental protection (环保)． 【答案】aiming 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日是每年的4月22日，旨在唤起公众的环保意识。空处是非谓语动词做后置定语，修饰名词event，且动词aim (旨在)和名词event二者之间是主动关系，应用现在分词aiming做后置定语。故填aiming。 【变式训练1·变载体】They were part of a 15-member (explore) party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【答案】exploring 【解析】考查非谓语。句意：他们是一个15人探险队的成员，这个探险队在那里花了将近五周的时间欣赏那里的自然美景。分析句子结构可知，此空应填exploring，表“探险”，为动名词形式，在本句中作定语修饰party，强调party的性质和用途。故填exploring。 【变式训练2·变情景】Selena became an international superstar in the 1980s and 1990s because of her warm stage presence and emotional (sing) style. 【答案】singing 【解析】考查非谓语。句意：赛琳娜之所以在20世纪80年代和90年代成为一个国际巨星，是因为她热情的舞台表演和饱含情绪的歌唱风格。分析句子可知，此空应填singing，为动名词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词style，singing style，表“演唱风格”，为常见搭配，符合语境。故填singing。 知识点5 作补语 1. 现在分词作宾补，动词与宾语之间有逻辑主谓关系，说明宾语的性质、特征或强调正在进行的主动动作。变成被动语态时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。常跟现在分词作宾语补足语的动词：感官动词（see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。） 2. with＋宾语＋doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成； with＋宾语＋to do表示将要发生的动作。 【名师点睛】 带有宾语补足语的句子如果改为被动句时，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。 例1. Jenny could hear them arguing outside. 珍妮能听到他们在外面争论。（宾语补足语） 例2. An undeserved success is like a medal that is found lying in the street.（主语补足语） 例3. If you see soldiers wearing sky-blue helmets, they are United Nations peace keepers.（宾语补足语） 如果拟看到戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵，他们就是联合国维和人员。 例4. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。 例5. With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job. 截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。 例6. With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office. 由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。 考向5 考查ing形式作补语 例1 With several plans (bounce) around in my head, I do wish that I decided on one now. 【答案】bouncing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有好几个计划在我脑海中浮现，我真希望现在就能选定一个。此处为with的复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，动词bounce“（想法或念头）突然出现”与其逻辑主语plans为主动关系，所以此处应用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。故填bouncing。 例2 The guard observed a young man (steal) from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly. 【答案】stealing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：警卫看见一个年轻人正在办公室行窃，他试图悄悄地靠近他。observe sb. doing sth.为固定短语，意为“看见某人正在做某事”，现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行，所以空处应用stealing。故填stealing。 【变式训练1·变载体】Next, keep the conversation (go) by asking questions to show interest. 【答案】going 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：接下来，通过提问来表示兴趣，使对话持续进行。keep sth. doing为固定用法，意为“使某事持续进行”，所以此处用现在分词going作宾语补足语。故填going。 【变式训练2·变情景】It must have snowed last night, but our parents won’t have us (play) with snow outside. 【答案】playing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨晚一定下雪了，但我们的父母不会让我们在外面玩雪。“have sb. doing sth.”是固定结构，意为“让某人一直做某事”，强调动作的持续进行。此处表示父母不允许我们一直在外面玩雪，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填playing。 知识点6 作状语 1. 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。在句中表示结果、时间、原因、条件、伴随或方式等状语。 2.如果状语从句主语和谓语是it is或主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。（即连接词+现在分词：表示与主语之间主动关系） 3.有些分词短语没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，作为句子的独立成分修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。如：generally speaking（一般来说）， strictly speaking（严格来说）， roughly speaking（大致来说）， judging from/by（由......来判断）， broadly speaking广义上来说， narrowly speaking狭义上来说。 A. 时间状语 例1：Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。 例2：When getting off the bus, you must be careful.当下车的时候，你必须要小心。 例3.Having finished all the work, John left for home.完成所有的工作后，约翰回家了。 例4.Hearing the exciting news, he jumped for joy. 听到这条令人激动的消息，那个小男孩高兴地跳了起来。 得分速记 3. 现在分词作状语时，分词动作与主语动作存在逻辑意义上的主谓关系。 2. 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中含有be动词的时候，可以把从句中的主语和be动词同时省略，省略之后，如果从句时主动关系，则会出现conj+-doing的形式。 B. 条件状语 例1.Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. 沿着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。 例2.Working hard at our lessons, you are to succeed. 如果你努力学习，你就一定会成功。 C. 原因状语 例1. Not knowing her address, I might as well telephone her to come over. 由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。 例2. Living far from my company, I have to get up early every morning. 由于住的离公司太远了，我只好每天早晨早起。 例3. Having once been a healthy and successful young man to being trapped in a broken body was like a living nightmare to him. 他曾经是一个健康、成功的年轻人，被困在一副衰弱的身体里对他来说就像一个真实的噩梦。 D. 结果状语 例1. Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport. 八十多个国家都踢足球，使它成为一种很流行的运动。 例2.Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse and sometimes die, leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. 窒息的受害者通常大约四分钟后就会晕倒，有时候等不到救护车及时赶到就死亡了。 E. 让步状语 例1. Knowing all this, I still wanted to see it for myself. 尽管知道了这一切，我还是想亲自去看一看。 例4. Even if taking a taxi, I will still be late for the lecture. 即使乘出租车，我演讲仍旧迟到了。 F. 伴随或方式状语 例1. John lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 约翰躺在草地上，凝望着天空很久。 例5. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. 我站在门口，不敢说一句话。 例6. Taking and laughing, the children walked one by one into the classroom. 孩子们有说有笑，一个接一个地进了教室。 例5. They came running all the way. 他们一路跑着过来的。 G. 评论性状语 有些现在分词形式在句子中可以没有逻辑意义上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，这种成分被称为评论性状语。 例1. Judging from her accent, she must come from Arabian countries. 从她的口音来判断，她一定来自阿拉伯国家。 例2. Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”: they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves. 一般来说，亲密的友谊有三种“果实”：它们可以抚慰心灵，给头脑以建议和帮助我们实现为自己设定的目标。 考向6 考查ing形式作状语 例1 The great accident explosion (爆炸) caused scores of deaths, (attract) great attention all over the world. 【答案】attracting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这场严重的事故爆炸导致数十人死亡，引起了全世界的广泛关注。分析句子结构可知，此空考查非谓语动词；attract与其逻辑主语The great accident explosion之间为主动关系，再由语境可知，应用现在分词形式作结果状语，表自然而然的结果。故填attracting。 例2 Deep in sorrow, the man wondered how to fetch help, (pace) up and down in the room nervously. 【答案】pacing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个男人沉浸在悲痛中，不知道如何寻求帮助，紧张地在房间里走来走去。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词wondered，设空处应填非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语the man之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词pacing作伴随状语。故填pacing。 【变式训练1·变载体】 (combine) your knowledge with your experience, you are sure to succeed. 【答案】Combining 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：把你的知识和经验结合起来，你一定会成功的。非谓语动词combine和主语you是逻辑主动关系，combine用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Combining。 【变式训练2·变情景】Successfully (persuade) David not to quit/out of quitting the cross-country race, I sighed a smile of relief. 【答案】persuading 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：成功地说服大卫不要退出越野赛，我微笑着松了一口气。非谓语动词persuade和主语I是逻辑主谓关系，persuade用现在分词形式作状语。故填persuading。 易混点 只用-ing形式作宾语和只用-to do形式作宾语的易混词辨析 下列动词后只接动名词作宾语 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon ; 考虑建议盼原谅； admit, delay/put off, fancy; 承认推迟没得想； avoid,miss, keep/keep on, practise; 避免错过继续练； deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; 否认完成就欣赏； forbid, imagine, risk; 禁止想象才冒险； can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape; 不禁介意准逃亡； 例1. I’m considering changing a job.我正考虑换份工作。 例2.I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我盼望者很快收到你的来信。 下列动词后只接--to do不定式形式作宾语 manage设法, expect期待, choose选择, afford承受/ agree答应/ attempt试图, refuse拒绝, fail未能, intend打算, plan计划/pretend假装/promise承诺, seem好像, hope希望hesitate犹豫， wish希望/want想要， offer主动提出， decide决定/desire想要/determine决心 例1. She managed to finish the project on time despite the difficulties. 尽管困难重重，她还是设法按时完成了项目。 例2. The climbers attempted to reach the summit before sunset. 登山者试图在日落前登上顶峰。 例3. The child pretended to be asleep when his mother came in. 妈妈进来时，孩子假装睡着了。 下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，意义有区别，要特别注意。 be used to do被用来做 be used to doing习惯于；适应于； forget to do sth 忘记去做某事； forget doing sth 忘记已经做过某事； remember to do sth记住去做某事； remember doing sth记得曾经做过某事； regret to do sth遗憾去做某事； regret doing sth后悔做过某事； stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事； stop doing sth停止做一件事； try to do sth努力/试图做某事； try doing sth尝试着做某事； mean to do sth已与/企图做某事； mean doing sth意味着做某事； go on to do sth（做完某事）接着做另一件事；go on doing sth继续做同一件事； can’t help to do sth不能帮助做某事； can’t help doing sth情不自禁地做某事； 例1. I forget posting (having post) the letter. 我忘了寄了信了。（信已寄） 例2. I forget to post the letter. 我忘了寄信了。（信没寄） 例3. When hearing the bad news, he couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个坏消息时，他忍不住哭起来。 例4. Sorry, I am too busy now. I can’t help (to) clean the room. 很抱歉，我现在很忙，我不能帮忙打扫房间。 思维建模 根据动词-ing的句法功能解题的思路 确定 成分 信息 提取 1. 判断设空处的动词的句子成分。 2. 牢记-ing作主语的特殊句型及主谓一致。 3. 牢记-ing作宾语的固定搭配词。 4. -ing形式作表语时，表示逻辑意义上的主动含义。 5. -ing形式作定语时，与所修饰名词有逻辑意义上的主谓关系。6.-ing形式作补语时，考虑与宾语之间的逻辑关系。 7.-ing形式作状语，考虑与主语间的逻辑关系。 对照 检验 核对 答案 考点二 动词-ing形式的时态与语态 动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，具有名词、代词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 动词-ing形式保留着动词的部分特征，同时具有形容词、副词、名词等的特征，具有时态和语态的变化形式。 时态形式 语态形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done Having been done 知识点1 一般式 动词的-ing形式的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，也可以表示发生在谓语动词之前或之后的动作。有时也指一般性的动作，不明确说明动作发生的先后。 例1. After working for a few years, she was sent to study in Europe and then, in 19.9, in the US. 工作了几年之后，她被派往欧洲学习，之后于1939年又赴美学习。 例2. 例2. It would be unwise to comment on the situation without knowing all the facts. 不全面了解情况就对局势妄加评论是不明智的。 例3. The girls surrounded the teacher, listening attentively to her story. 女孩子们围着老师，认真地听她讲故事。 例4. Most doctors strongly insist on people give up smoking and taking plenty of exercise. 大多数医生强烈建议人们戒烟并多进行锻炼。 知识点2 完成式 动词的-ing形式表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 例1. Having suffered from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. 由于常年受到心脏病困扰，怀特教授不得不走到哪都把药带在身边。 例2. I still remember having been taken to the sea for the first time. 我依然记得第一次被带到海边的情景。 知识点3 动词-ing的复合结构 有时为了表明动词的-ing形式表示的动作的执行者,要在动词的-ing形式之前加上形容词性物主代词或-’s所有格形式,这便构成了动词的-ing形式的复合结构。其中形容词性物主代词或- s所有格形式表明了动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语。带有逻辑主语的动词的-ing形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语,这种动词的-ing 形式是动名词。 例1. Her coming encouraged all of us.她的到来鼓舞了我们所有人。 例2. Lily's being careless caused so much trouble.莉莉的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 例3. What's troubling us is their not doing away with so many cigarette ads.使我们烦恼的是他们没有去掉这么多的香烟广告。特别提示 名师提醒1.：动词的-ing形式的复合结构作宾语时,其逻辑主语可用人称代词宾格、名词普通格来代替。 例1. Would you mind my/me using your telescope?你介意我用一下你的望远镜吗? 例2. The father insisted on his son's/his son going to college.那位父亲坚决要求儿子上大学。 名师提醒2.：当逻辑主语是无生命名词、有生命名词但表示泛指或两个以上的名词并列时必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。 例1. Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗? 例2. Do you remember your parents and me telling you about this? 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗? 知识点4 被动式 当动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语同时也是动词的-ing形式表示的动作的承受者时，动词的-ing形式用被动形式。例1. I hate being photographed.我讨厌被拍照。 例3. She can’t endure being defeated. 他无法忍受失败。 例3. I forgot once being taken /having been taken to the zoo. 我忘了曾经被带到过动物园。 考向1 考查动词-ing形式的一般式 例1 1． (look) into a mirror, we can see true images of our own; with our knowledge of the past, the present can be better known. 【答案】Looking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：看着镜子，我们可以看到自己的真实影像；通过了解过去，我们可以更好地了解现在。句中谓语是can see，空格处用非谓语动词，look和逻辑主语we之间是主动关系，因此空格处用现在分词，作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Looking。 例2Roughly (speak), the festival attracts thousands of visitors each year. 【答案】speaking 【解析】考查动词。句意：大致来说，这个节日每年吸引成千上万的游客。分析句子结构可知，所给词应填入动词的现在分词形式speaking，构成固定短语“roughly speaking”，意为“大致来说”。故填speaking。 【变式训练1·变载体】Over the years, the brand has also held various exhibitions and international art exchanges, (become) a window of Chinese traditional culture to the world. 【答案】becoming 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，品牌还举办了各种展览和国际艺术交流活动，成为中国传统文化走向世界的窗口。句中谓语是has also held，空格处用非谓语动词，空格处表自然而然的结果，应用现在分词表自然而然的结果，故填becoming。 【变式训练2·变载体】4．Americans are still texting while driving, as well as (use) social networks and taking photos. 【答案】using 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：美国人仍然在开车时发短信，也在使用社交网络和拍照。as well as“也，和”，此处连接texting，为并列结构，用现在分词形式。故填using。 考向2 考查动词-ing形式的完成式 例1 (tell) about the risk of electric shocks, she is very careful while using the hairdryer. 【答案】Having been told 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被告知有触电的危险后，她在使用吹风机时非常小心。句中已有谓语动词“is”，且无连词，因此空格处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语“she”与“tell”之间是被动关系，且“被告知”这一动作发生在“小心使用吹风机”之前，所以应用现在分词的完成被动式，即having been told，位于句首单词首字母需大写。故填Having been told。 例2 (overcome) the challenge of global warming, we can then build a fine world. 【答案】Having overcome 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：克服了全球变暖的挑战后，我们就能建设一个美好的世界。句中已有谓语动词“can build”，且无连词，因此空格处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语“we”与“overcome”之间是主动关系，且“克服挑战”这一动作发生在“建设美好世界”之前，所以应用现在分词的完成式，即having overcome，位于句首单词首字母需大写。故填Having overcome。 【变式训练1·变载体】 by many potential customers, the salesman had to gather his courage and sell the product in different ways. (deny) 【答案】Having been denied 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于多次遭到潜在客户的拒绝，这位销售员不得不鼓起勇气，以不同的方式推销该产品。分析句式结构可知，空格处用非谓语动词作状语，因为deny和主语the salesman之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且“被拒绝”这个动作先于主句动作发生，所以用现在分词完成式的被动语态：having been denied，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填Having been denied。 【变式训练2·变载体】 (replace) ancient dialects with a standardized national language for ten years, the country strengthened its cultural unity. 【答案】Having replaced 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：用标准的国家语言取代古代方言十年后，这个国家加强了其文化统一性。本句谓语为strengthened，此处为非谓语动词，本空在句中作状语，主语the country与replace“取代”为主动关系，且replace这一动作发生在谓语动词strengthened之前，所以本空用现在分词的完成式having replaced，句首单词，首字母大写。故填Having replaced。 考向3 考查动词-ing形式的被动式 例1 As she talked, I could hear at least three different languages at the tables around us.(speak) 【答案】being spoken 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她说话的时候，我能听到我们周围的桌子上至少有三种不同的语言。句中谓语是could hear，空格处用非谓语动词，由As she talked可知，动作正在进行应用现在分词，且逻辑主语languages和speak之间为被动关系，因此空处用现在分词的被动式，作宾语补足语，故填being spoken。 例2The guest (interview) by a reporter for the moment will give a lecture for us. 【答案】being interviewed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：此刻正在被记者采访的那位客人将为我们做一场讲座。句中已有谓语动词 will give，所以 interview 要用非谓语形式。根据 “for the moment（此刻）” 可知，“采访” 这个动作正在进行，且 “guest（客人）” 与 “interview（采访）” 之间是被动关系，即客人被采访，所以用现在分词的被动形式 being interviewed 作后置定语，修饰 The guest，表示正在被采访的客人。故填being interviewed。 【变式训练1·变载体】 (not invite) to the farewell party by his class teacher, Tom feels disappointed now. 【答案】Not having been invited 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于没有被班主任邀请参加告别派对，汤姆现在感到失望。句子主干是Tom feels disappointed now，空处是非谓语，作原因状语，Tom是“未被邀请”的被动承受者，且该动作发生在主句之前，因此需用现在分词的完成时的被动语态，其否定形式是直接在前面加not，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Not having been invited。 【变式训练2·变载体】12．The bridge (build) will shorten the driving distance between the two villages. 【答案】being built 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：正在修建的桥将缩短这两个村庄之间的行车距离。句中will shorten为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处表示“正在被建的桥”，build与bridge之间是被动关系，同时该动作正在进行，故使用现在分词的被动结构作后置定语。故填being built。 1.（2025年浙江1月卷）“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean ___ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【答案】 returning 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：……这并不总是意味着要在某个特别的周末过后的周一就归还衣服。根据句意可知，mean 此处意为“意味着”，mean doing sth是固定搭配，意为“意味着做某事”。 2.（2024年新高考I卷）The latest ________ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 【答案】engineering 【解析】考查非谓语。engineer作动词表示“设计制造”，用其非谓语形式作定语。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 3.（2023年新高考I卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________(want) more next time. 【答案】wanting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。这句话中已有谓语动词 am  left,所以want这个动词应该为非谓语动词作结果状语，want与逻辑主语是I是主动关系，所以空格用现在分词wanting。句意：无论我在哪里买，一笼都不够，两笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。 4.（2023年新高考II卷）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to _________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 【答案】visiting 【解析】考查分词形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。 5.（2023年全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【答案】borrowing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 6.（2023全国乙卷） (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【答案】Having visited 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。 7.（2023天津6月卷）The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly _________ from Europe and China. A．originating B．originated C．being originated D．having originated 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：故宫博物院收藏了世界上最精美的钟表，主要来自欧洲和中国。句中有谓语has，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰fine clocks，且动词originate(源于)和fine clocks是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故选A。 $$ 第17讲 现在分词与动名词 目录 01 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4 考点一 动词-ing形式的句法功能 4 知识点1 作主语. 4 考向1 考查-ing形式作主语 5 知识点2 作宾语. 5 考向2 考查-ing形式作宾语 6 知识点3 作表语. 7 考向3 考查-ing形式作表语 7 知识点4 作定语. 8 考向4 考查-ing形式作定语 9 知识点5 作补语. 9 考向5 考查-ing形式作补语 10 知识点6 作状语. 11 考向6 考查-ing形式作状语的基本用法与特殊用法 13 易混点 只用-ing形式作宾语和只用-to do形式作宾语的易混词辨析. 14 【思维建模】根据动词-ing的句法功能解题的思路 考点二 动词-ing形式的时态与语态 16 知识点1 一般式 16 知识点2 完成式 17 知识点3 动词-ing的复合结构 17 知识点4 被动式 17 考向1 考查动词-ing形式的一般式 18 考向2 考查动词-ing形式的完成式 18 考向3 考查动词-ing形式的被动式 19 04真题溯源 考向感知. 19 题型 考情统计 考情分析 语法 填空 、 改错 年份 卷别 现在分词 动名词 考点 分析近三年高考真题可知，语法填空中对非谓语动词的考查是高考的必考考点。且近年高考题干中句子呈现从句嵌套，句式复杂的现象，加强在复杂语境中考查非谓语动词的一般用法、固定搭配和特殊用法。总体命题较稳，-ing、to do，done分别以非谓语形式出现一次，但也稳中求变，考法日趋灵活。 2025 北京卷 traveling 省略句 八省联考 improving 作宾语 2024 新高考I卷 engineering 作定语 2023 新高考Ⅰ卷 wanting 作宾补 新高考II卷 visiting 作定语 全国甲卷 borrowing warning 作状语、宾语 全国乙卷 Having visited recording 作状语、宾语 北京卷 facing 作定语 复习目标： 1. 1. 熟练掌握非谓语动词的三种基本形式及动词不定式、-ing分词和过去分词的基本用法； 2. 2. 掌握现在分词、过去分词、动名词及不定式的用法区别； 3. 3. 辨析动名词、现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式的常见用法错误。 考点一 动词-ing形式的句法功能 动词的-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，具有名词、代词、形容词、副词的特征。动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语；现在分词可以在句中作表语、定语、补足语、状语。 知识点1 作主语 用法 句型 1.位于句首，动名词直接作主语。 Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 2. It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。 It is no use/good doing….做......是没有用的。 It’s useful/useless doing...做......是有/没有用的。 3.用于There is no doing…固定句型。 There is no denying... 例1. It’s no use regretting your past mistakes. 后悔过去的错误是没有用的。 例2. Being injured in the foot made it impossible for me to walk fast. 脚受伤使我无法快速行走。 例3. Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out. 直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。 例4. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 【全国卷II】 例5. It is a waste of time arguing with such a person. 跟这样的人争论就是浪费时间。 考向1 考查ing形式作主语 例1 It is no use (try) to talk him into studying hard; he can only be persuaded by force. 例2 (study) a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. 【变式训练1·变载体】 a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious process without scientific basis. (achieve) 【变式训练2·变情景】His (dismiss) from the factory forced him to leave and seek job opportunities in other cities. 知识点2 作宾语 例1. I hate lying to the kids. 我讨厌对孩子撒谎。【全国卷I】 例2. Jame is angry about not being invited to the party. 没有被邀请参加聚会，Jame很生气。 例3. After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing. 看了那个玩具一会儿，他转身发现父母不见了。 例4. We should prevent the river from being polluted. 我们应该组织河流被污染。 例5. He tried to avoid answering my questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。 【名师点睛】 1.动名词除了可以作动词的宾语外，还可以作介词的宾语，下列动词词组后接动名词作宾语。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 be used to习惯于, lead to导致, devote to致力于, stick to坚持, object to反对, get down to开始认真着手做, pay attention to注意, can’t stand不能忍受, give up放弃, feel like喜欢, insist on坚持 put off付出有回报, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.； 做某事有困难 spend...(in) doing sth.；花...做某事 look forward to 盼望着； can’t help doing禁不住； burst out突然 例1. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我盼望者很快收到你的来信。 例2. He burst our laughing .他突然大笑起来。 考向2 考查ing形式作宾语 例1 People in the mountainous village earn a living by (sell) produce (农产品) from their farm. 例2 Elsewhere, people favour (shake) hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 【变式训练1·变载体】His academic achievements led to him (elect) as an academician (院士) of the Chinese Academy of Science. 【变式训练2·变情景】If you think that treating a woman well means always (get) her permission for things, think again. 知识点3 作表语 动名词做表语时和主语通常是对等的关系，主语和表语可以互换位置。 例1. Your task is cleaning the windows. = Cleaning the windows is your task. 擦窗户就是你的任务。 例2. What I hate most is being laughed at. = Being laughed at is what I hate most. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 例3. My job is cleaning the house three times a week.＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job. 一周三次打扫房间是我的工作。 例4. Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. 你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。 考向3 考查ing形式作表语 例1 Her job is ( justify) the company’s new policy to the public. 例2 Despite its remarkable history, New York is a city with deep contradictions and deep inequality. You see poverty everywhere and the transport system is (crumble). There are tens of thousands of homeless people. 【变式训练1·变载体】Progress is always (motivate); any small progress can inspire positive emotions that will make you work harder. 【变式训练2·变情景】So he remained (stand) upright, and since he was tired, he yawned. 知识点4 作定语 动名词做定语往往表示被修饰名词的某种用途，一般置于被修饰词前。 a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking拐杖 a washing machine=a machine for washing洗衣机 a fishing net=a net for fishing渔网； a swimming pool=a pool for swimming游泳池； a reading room=a room for reading阅览室；阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车厢 例1.Beneath this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark， lonely tree. 在这神奇的天空下，我们看到一个沉睡的村庄和一颗黑暗孤独的树。 例2.China is a fast developing country. 中国是一个快速发展的国家。 现在分词做定语与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。单个的分词作定语一般前置，分词短语作定语一般后置。 例1. There are lots of students wishing to join us.有许多学生想加入我们。（现在分词作定语） =There are lots of students who wish to join us. 例2. There are two teaching buildings in our school.我们学校有两座教学楼。（动名词作定语表用途） 例3. The lecture, starting at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. （现在分词作定语）讲座于昨晚7点开始，接下来是用望远镜观测月球。 例4. The young man sitting between Jane and Linda is the editor of the campus newspaper. 坐在简和琳达之间的那个年轻人是校报的编辑。 得分速记 1. 现在分词作定语与所修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 2. 动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途，不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 考向4 考查ing形式作定语 例1 The company (consist) of 5 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis. 例2 Earth Day, marked on 22, April, is annual (每年的) event (aim) to raise public awareness about environmental protection (环保)． 【变式训练1·变载体】They were part of a 15-member (explore) party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【变式训练2·变情景】Selena became an international superstar in the 1980s and 1990s because of her warm stage presence and emotional (sing) style. 知识点5 作补语 1. 现在分词作宾补，动词与宾语之间有逻辑主谓关系，说明宾语的性质、特征或强调正在进行的主动动作。变成被动语态时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。常跟现在分词作宾语补足语的动词：感官动词（see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。） 2. with＋宾语＋doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成； with＋宾语＋to do表示将要发生的动作。 【名师点睛】 带有宾语补足语的句子如果改为被动句时，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。 例1. Jenny could hear them arguing outside. 珍妮能听到他们在外面争论。（宾语补足语） 例2. An undeserved success is like a medal that is found lying in the street.（主语补足语） 例3. If you see soldiers wearing sky-blue helmets, they are United Nations peace keepers.（宾语补足语） 如果拟看到戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵，他们就是联合国维和人员。 例4. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。 例5. With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job. 截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。 例6. With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office. 由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。 考向5 考查ing形式作补语 例1 With several plans (bounce) around in my head, I do wish that I decided on one now. 例2 The guard observed a young man (steal) from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly. 【变式训练1·变载体】Next, keep the conversation (go) by asking questions to show interest. 【变式训练2·变情景】It must have snowed last night, but our parents won’t have us (play) with snow outside. 知识点6 作状语 1. 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。在句中表示结果、时间、原因、条件、伴随或方式等状语。 2.如果状语从句主语和谓语是it is或主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。（即连接词+现在分词：表示与主语之间主动关系） 3.有些分词短语没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，作为句子的独立成分修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。如：generally speaking（一般来说）， strictly speaking（严格来说）， roughly speaking（大致来说）， judging from/by（由......来判断）， broadly speaking广义上来说， narrowly speaking狭义上来说。 A. 时间状语 例1：Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。 例2：When getting off the bus, you must be careful.当下车的时候，你必须要小心。 例3.Having finished all the work, John left for home.完成所有的工作后，约翰回家了。 例4.Hearing the exciting news, he jumped for joy. 听到这条令人激动的消息，那个小男孩高兴地跳了起来。 得分速记 3. 现在分词作状语时，分词动作与主语动作存在逻辑意义上的主谓关系。 2. 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中含有be动词的时候，可以把从句中的主语和be动词同时省略，省略之后，如果从句时主动关系，则会出现conj+-doing的形式。 B. 条件状语 例1.Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. 沿着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。 例2.Working hard at our lessons, you are to succeed. 如果你努力学习，你就一定会成功。 C. 原因状语 例1. Not knowing her address, I might as well telephone her to come over. 由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。 例2. Living far from my company, I have to get up early every morning. 由于住的离公司太远了，我只好每天早晨早起。 例3. Having once been a healthy and successful young man to being trapped in a broken body was like a living nightmare to him. 他曾经是一个健康、成功的年轻人，被困在一副衰弱的身体里对他来说就像一个真实的噩梦。 D. 结果状语 例1. Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport. 八十多个国家都踢足球，使它成为一种很流行的运动。 例2.Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse and sometimes die, leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. 窒息的受害者通常大约四分钟后就会晕倒，有时候等不到救护车及时赶到就死亡了。 E. 让步状语 例1. Knowing all this, I still wanted to see it for myself. 尽管知道了这一切，我还是想亲自去看一看。 例4. Even if taking a taxi, I will still be late for the lecture. 即使乘出租车，我演讲仍旧迟到了。 F. 伴随或方式状语 例1. John lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 约翰躺在草地上，凝望着天空很久。 例5. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. 我站在门口，不敢说一句话。 例6. Taking and laughing, the children walked one by one into the classroom. 孩子们有说有笑，一个接一个地进了教室。 例5. They came running all the way. 他们一路跑着过来的。 G. 评论性状语 有些现在分词形式在句子中可以没有逻辑意义上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，这种成分被称为评论性状语。 例1. Judging from her accent, she must come from Arabian countries. 从她的口音来判断，她一定来自阿拉伯国家。 例2. Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”: they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves. 一般来说，亲密的友谊有三种“果实”：它们可以抚慰心灵，给头脑以建议和帮助我们实现为自己设定的目标。 考向6 考查ing形式作状语 例1 The great accident explosion (爆炸) caused scores of deaths, (attract) great attention all over the world. 例2 Deep in sorrow, the man wondered how to fetch help, (pace) up and down in the room nervously. 【变式训练1·变载体】 (combine) your knowledge with your experience, you are sure to succeed. 【变式训练2·变情景】Successfully (persuade) David not to quit/out of quitting the cross-country race, I sighed a smile of relief. 易混点 只用-ing形式作宾语和只用-to do形式作宾语的易混词辨析 下列动词后只接动名词作宾语 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon ; 考虑建议盼原谅； admit, delay/put off, fancy; 承认推迟没得想； avoid,miss, keep/keep on, practise; 避免错过继续练； deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; 否认完成就欣赏； forbid, imagine, risk; 禁止想象才冒险； can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape; 不禁介意准逃亡； 例1. I’m considering changing a job.我正考虑换份工作。 例2.I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我盼望者很快收到你的来信。 下列动词后只接--to do不定式形式作宾语 manage设法, expect期待, choose选择, afford承受/ agree答应/ attempt试图, refuse拒绝, fail未能, intend打算, plan计划/pretend假装/promise承诺, seem好像, hope希望hesitate犹豫， wish希望/want想要， offer主动提出， decide决定/desire想要/determine决心 例1. She managed to finish the project on time despite the difficulties. 尽管困难重重，她还是设法按时完成了项目。 例2. The climbers attempted to reach the summit before sunset. 登山者试图在日落前登上顶峰。 例3. The child pretended to be asleep when his mother came in. 妈妈进来时，孩子假装睡着了。 下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，意义有区别，要特别注意。 be used to do被用来做 be used to doing习惯于；适应于； forget to do sth 忘记去做某事； forget doing sth 忘记已经做过某事； remember to do sth记住去做某事； remember doing sth记得曾经做过某事； regret to do sth遗憾去做某事； regret doing sth后悔做过某事； stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事； stop doing sth停止做一件事； try to do sth努力/试图做某事； try doing sth尝试着做某事； mean to do sth已与/企图做某事； mean doing sth意味着做某事； go on to do sth（做完某事）接着做另一件事；go on doing sth继续做同一件事； can’t help to do sth不能帮助做某事； can’t help doing sth情不自禁地做某事； 例1. I forget posting (having post) the letter. 我忘了寄了信了。（信已寄） 例2. I forget to post the letter. 我忘了寄信了。（信没寄） 例3. When hearing the bad news, he couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个坏消息时，他忍不住哭起来。 例4. Sorry, I am too busy now. I can’t help (to) clean the room. 很抱歉，我现在很忙，我不能帮忙打扫房间。 思维建模 根据动词-ing的句法功能解题的思路 确定 成分 信息 提取 1. 判断设空处的动词的句子成分。 2. 牢记-ing作主语的特殊句型及主谓一致。 3. 牢记-ing作宾语的固定搭配词。 4. -ing形式作表语时，表示逻辑意义上的主动含义。 5. -ing形式作定语时，与所修饰名词有逻辑意义上的主谓关系。6.-ing形式作补语时，考虑与宾语之间的逻辑关系。 7.-ing形式作状语，考虑与主语间的逻辑关系。 对照 检验 核对 答案 考点二 动词-ing形式的时态与语态 动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，具有名词、代词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 动词-ing形式保留着动词的部分特征，同时具有形容词、副词、名词等的特征，具有时态和语态的变化形式。 时态形式 语态形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done Having been done 知识点1 一般式 动词的-ing形式的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，也可以表示发生在谓语动词之前或之后的动作。有时也指一般性的动作，不明确说明动作发生的先后。 例1. After working for a few years, she was sent to study in Europe and then, in 19.9, in the US. 工作了几年之后，她被派往欧洲学习，之后于1939年又赴美学习。 例2. 例2. It would be unwise to comment on the situation without knowing all the facts. 不全面了解情况就对局势妄加评论是不明智的。 例3. The girls surrounded the teacher, listening attentively to her story. 女孩子们围着老师，认真地听她讲故事。 例4. Most doctors strongly insist on people give up smoking and taking plenty of exercise. 大多数医生强烈建议人们戒烟并多进行锻炼。 知识点2 完成式 动词的-ing形式表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 例1. Having suffered from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. 由于常年受到心脏病困扰，怀特教授不得不走到哪都把药带在身边。 例2. I still remember having been taken to the sea for the first time. 我依然记得第一次被带到海边的情景。 知识点3 动词-ing的复合结构 有时为了表明动词的-ing形式表示的动作的执行者,要在动词的-ing形式之前加上形容词性物主代词或-’s所有格形式,这便构成了动词的-ing形式的复合结构。其中形容词性物主代词或- s所有格形式表明了动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语。带有逻辑主语的动词的-ing形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语,这种动词的-ing 形式是动名词。 例1. Her coming encouraged all of us.她的到来鼓舞了我们所有人。 例2. Lily's being careless caused so much trouble.莉莉的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 例3. What's troubling us is their not doing away with so many cigarette ads.使我们烦恼的是他们没有去掉这么多的香烟广告。特别提示 名师提醒1.：动词的-ing形式的复合结构作宾语时,其逻辑主语可用人称代词宾格、名词普通格来代替。 例1. Would you mind my/me using your telescope?你介意我用一下你的望远镜吗? 例2. The father insisted on his son's/his son going to college.那位父亲坚决要求儿子上大学。 名师提醒2.：当逻辑主语是无生命名词、有生命名词但表示泛指或两个以上的名词并列时必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。 例1. Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗? 例2. Do you remember your parents and me telling you about this? 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗? 知识点4 被动式 当动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语同时也是动词的-ing形式表示的动作的承受者时，动词的-ing形式用被动形式。例1. I hate being photographed.我讨厌被拍照。 例3. She can’t endure being defeated. 他无法忍受失败。 例3. I forgot once being taken /having been taken to the zoo. 我忘了曾经被带到过动物园。 考向1 考查动词-ing形式的一般式 例1 1． (look) into a mirror, we can see true images of our own; with our knowledge of the past, the present can be better known. 例2Roughly (speak), the festival attracts thousands of visitors each year. 【变式训练1·变载体】Over the years, the brand has also held various exhibitions and international art exchanges, (become) a window of Chinese traditional culture to the world. 【变式训练2·变载体】4．Americans are still texting while driving, as well as (use) social networks and taking photos. 考向2 考查动词-ing形式的完成式 例1 (tell) about the risk of electric shocks, she is very careful while using the hairdryer. 例2 (overcome) the challenge of global warming, we can then build a fine world. 【变式训练1·变载体】 by many potential customers, the salesman had to gather his courage and sell the product in different ways. (deny) 【变式训练2·变载体】 (replace) ancient dialects with a standardized national language for ten years, the country strengthened its cultural unity. 考向3 考查动词-ing形式的被动式 例1 As she talked, I could hear at least three different languages at the tables around us.(speak) 例2The guest (interview) by a reporter for the moment will give a lecture for us. 【变式训练1·变载体】 (not invite) to the farewell party by his class teacher, Tom feels disappointed now. 【变式训练2·变载体】12．The bridge (build) will shorten the driving distance between the two villages. 1.（2025年浙江1月卷）“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean ___ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 2.（2024年新高考I卷）The latest ________ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 3.（2023年新高考I卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________(want) more next time. 4.（2023年新高考II卷）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to _________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 5.（2023年全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 6.（2023全国乙卷） (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 7.（2023天津6月卷）The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly _________ from Europe and China. A．originating B．originated C．being originated D．having originated $$