专题03 定语从句（期中复习讲义）高一英语上学期沪外版

专题03 定语从句 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 限制性定语从句 / 考点二 非限制性定语从句 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题核心考点覆盖限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句、关系代词与关系副词辨析、“介词 + 关系代词” 结构，以及长难句主干的快速提取。命题上常结合语法填空、阅读理解长难句、完形填空语义搭配、写作句式升级等真实题型设置情境。整体以基础送分为主，但that 与 which 的选用、where 修饰抽象先行词、as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句是拉开分差的关键点。 识记 准确复述限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句的定义；牢记 who/whom/which/that/whose/when/where/why 等关系词的基本用法。 理解 精准辨析易混点：that 与 which、关系代词与关系副词、as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句；理清介词 + 关系代词的选用逻辑。 应用 能在语法填空中判断从句成分、选择合适关系词；能拆分阅读理解长难句里的定语从句；能写出结构正确且逻辑通顺的含定语从句的复合句。 1.定语从句 定语从句也叫作关系从句或形容词性从句，这类从句依靠关系词引出，在句中主要承担定语修饰成分，这也是该语法名称的由来。 限制性定语从句 2.关系代词引导的定语从句 who，whom，whose引导的定语从句 1. who和whom的指代对象都是人。who在定语从句充当主语；whom在从句作宾语，在限制性定语从句内可以省略。日常口语表达中，可以用who替换whom。 2. whose既可修饰人，也可以修饰事物，在定语从句里面作定语。当其指代物品时，可换成of which；指代人时，可使用of whom进行改写。 that，which引导的定语从句 1. that大多用来指代事物，部分场景也可以指代人，能在定语从句中充当主语、表语或者宾语；当它作宾语、表语时，可以省略。 2. which用来指代事物，可在从句中作主语、宾语；在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的which能够省略。除此之外，which还可以指代前面主句的部分信息或是整句话的内容。 3. 以下场景只能使用that，不能选用which： ①先行词为all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词； ②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some这类词汇修饰； ③先行词前面有序数词、形容词最高级修饰，或是先行词本身就是序数词； ④先行词受到the only，the very（正是、恰好），the last修饰； ⑤先行词同时包含人与事物； ⑥以which或who开头的特殊疑问句中包含定语从句。 关系代词的用法: 关系代词 指代 在定从中所做成分 是否可省略 that 人；物 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 which 物 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 who 人 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 whom 人 宾语 可省 whose 人；物 定语 不可省 as 人；物 主语；宾语；表语 不可省 关系副词的用法: 关系副词 指代 在定从中所做成分 是否可省略 when 时间 状语 否 where 地点 状语 否 why 原因 状语 否 常见关系副词包含when，why，where，它们在定语从句只充当状语。 1. 在口语与非正式表达场景中，when、where、why，或是含义等同于关系副词的“介词＋which”结构，可以用that替换，且that可以省略。 2. 如果定语从句缺少主语或者宾语，即便先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，引导词依旧选用which/that。 3. 当先行词为reason，并且reason在主句作主语，由why或that引导定语从句时，后续表语从句不能用because引导，要使用that。对应句型：The reason why...is that... 或 The reason that...is that...。 4. 部分名词表示抽象地点，例如point，situation，case，stage等。若引导词在从句中作状语，一般用where引导定语从句；如果引导词在从句充当主语、宾语或表语，则选择that/which。 4.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，主要存在下面四类结构： （1）介词＋关系代词 （2）名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词 （3）形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词 （4）介词＋关系代词＋名词 “介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选取 1. 通常可以从三个角度确定介词：①先行词本身含义；②从句里动词、形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子整体语义。 2. 如果要表达“整体与局部”的逻辑，介词一般选用of。some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代词或数词，可以放在of which/whom之前或之后。 3. 少数情况下“介词＋where”能够引导定语从句，做题时要区分它和“介词＋which”在语义层面的差别。 非限制性定语从句 1. 部分定语从句和先行词联系比较松散，只起到补充说明的作用，不对先行词范围加以限制，这类从句叫作非限制性定语从句。书写时常用逗号和主句隔开；翻译成中文时，一般拆成分句表达。 例句：This message was sent by Leo, who visited our campus this afternoon. 译文：这条消息是利奥发来的，他今天下午来过我们校园。 2. 非限制性定语从句修饰人时，可以用who(主格)、whom(宾格)、whose(所有格)。修饰人并且在从句作主语，只能使用who；作宾语只能用whom，没有其他可选引导词，同时引导词不能省略。修饰事物只用which，不可使用that。简单总结：非限制性定语从句中不会出现that与why。 限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句对比 区别项目 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中不停顿。 与主句之间常用逗号隔开，口语中有停顿。 作用 对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制，若去掉，则句意不完整。 对先行词起补充说明作用，若省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。 翻译与含义 翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，限制先行词。 翻译时与主句隔开，对先行词解释说明。 先行词 名词或代词。 名词、代词、短语或句子。 关系词 各类关系词，有几种选择，有时可省。 不用that和why，一般只有一种选择，关系词不可省。 非限制性定语从句引导词的选择 关系代词的选择 A．that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。指代人，从句作主语选who，作宾语选whom；指代事物则用which。就算关系代词在从句充当宾语，也不能省略。 ①Cindy，who lives in Canada，is a close friend of mine． 辛迪住在加拿大，她是我的挚友。 ②Mr. White，who designed this building，spent five years working in South Africa． 怀特先生是这座建筑的设计者，他曾在南非工作五年。 B．as和which的区分 (1)as与which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句内容。当非限制性定语从句放置句末，as、which在从句充当主语、宾语或表语时，二者大多可以互换。 He missed the contest，which／as was predictable． 他错过了这场比赛，这是预料之中的事。（作主语） 但二者存在区别： 若非限制性定语从句放在主句前面，或是插入主句中间，只能使用as。 As we can observe, forests take up nearly 30 percent of the land surface of the globe. 正如我们能观察到的，森林覆盖了全球近三成陆地面积。 (2)as在从句作主语，后面常搭配动词被动形式；which在从句作主语，后面一般接动词主动形式。 A heavy flood struck the southern region last week, as was reported online. 网络新闻报道，上周南部区域遭遇特大洪水。 He won the speech competition, which brought great pride to his whole family. 他拿下演讲比赛冠军，这件事让全家倍感自豪。 (3)as常出现在固定句式中，例如as we know／as is known to all(众所周知)，as we all can see(正如大家都能看到的)，as is often the case(情况常常如此)，as might be imagined(不难想象)，as might be expected(正如预料的那样)，as has been pointed out(正如所指出的)，as has been said before(正如前文所说)，as(is) often happens (一如往常)。 She arrives late for morning class again，as often happens． 一如往常，她今早上课又迟到了。 C．关系代词和关系副词的选择 非限制性定语从句里，引导词选择规则和限制性定语从句一致：引导词在从句作主语或宾语，选用关系代词；作状语，选用关系副词。 The elderly lady has a son，who works as a surgeon． 这位年长女士有一个儿子，他是一名外科医生。(who作主语) I faced a tough period in 2012，where no one could offer me practical support． 2012年我经历一段艰难岁月，没有人能为我提供实际帮助。(where 作状语) 注意：(1)限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词；非限制性定语从句的先行词，可以是单词，也可以是一整句话。对比例句： The novel，which I finished reading last weekend，is really attractive． 这本小说是我上周末读完的，内容十分吸引人。(先行词为novel) The novel is full of wisdom，which inspires me a lot． 这本小说充满智慧，这一点给了我很多启发。(先行词是“The novel is full of wisdom”整句话) (2)that，why不能引导非限制性定语从句；要用which替代that，for which替代why。 I failed the interview，that upset my career coach.(误) I failed the interview，which upset my career coach．(正) I have explained to them the reason，for which I declined the seminar． (3)关系代词替换规则不一样。 限制性定语从句中whom作宾语，可以用who替换whom；但是在非限制性定语从句中whom作宾语，不能用who替换。 This is the girl whom／who I met at the concert hall． 这就是我在音乐厅遇见的女孩。 A young artist met a new partner，whom he wanted to impress deeply． 一位青年艺术家结识了新搭档，他希望给对方留下深刻印象。 限制性定语从句先行词指人时，可以选用who、that或whom；但非限制性定语从句先行词指人，引导词只能用who或whom。 Sally has an uncle，that drives a train．(误) Sally has an uncle，who drives a train．(正) 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1．This is the community many labour‑saving devices were first introduced to local families. 2．The convenience online delivery brings also creates plenty of rubbish. 3．That is the reason many teenagers prefer science‑fiction books in their spare time. 4．This is the spot the scientist once aimed to do his important experiment. 5．Tell me the reason you argue with your parents about your room arrangement. 6．The days will soon come we can fully enjoy our colourful senior-high school life. （用适当的词填空） 7．The library we borrow books provides free digital resources for teenagers. 8．The first task we need to finish today is to collect data from the local survey. 9．The reason he explained to the teacher sounded reasonable. 10．Digitalization has made cultural heritage more accessible to the public, particularly to people living in rural areas would otherwise be unable to visit these sites in person. 11．..., these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through we understand our lives. 12．Many families are not trapped in poverty, but in a subtle situation emotional communication gradually fades amid busy daily routines. 13．He is a talented artist works have been displayed in galleries around the world. 14．We all admire the volunteer devotes most of his time to protecting wild animals in the forest. 15．The reason he gave up the outdoor activity is that the weather was too bad. 16．The scholar, based on theory many teaching methods are designed, passed away. 17．The community center is a lively place children take dance classes, seniors play chess, and neighbors gather for regular meetings. 18．The music teacher piano lessons were always filled with laughter would treat us to homemade cookies after we mastered a difficult piece. 19．If these methods worked, there may come a time we can completely solve the problem of water pollution. （用适当的词填空） 20．Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”: they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves. 21．In my opinion, it is necessary for you to have a good rest, provides enough energy for you. 22．The scientist, research focuses on environmental protection, has won widespread praise from the public. 23．Second-hand products have become popular in recent years. Many shoppers have noticed a rise in second-hand stores, offer an increasingly diverse range of products.（用适当的词填空） 24．The rescue dog Thunder, leg was badly injured, recovered quickly thanks to the herbal remedy. 25．Since 2007, Steve Jobs introduced the iPhone, the way we communicate has been completely transformed. 26．The emergency supplies, included medical kits, portable generators and instant food, were airlifted to the isolated town hit by the sudden blizzard within 24 hours. 27．In 1969, NASA successfully assembled a crew of three astronauts for the Apollo 11 mission, one of became the first human to walk on the moon. 28．I still remember the day, we met for the first time at the summer camp. 29．The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. 30．The famous writer, we often talk about in our literature class, will visit our school next week. 二、翻译 31．那些有幸在灾难中存活下来的人深切懂得幸福未必和名利有关。（survive）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 32．根据目击者的叙述，当地人促使自己到达极限，这彰显了人类精神没有边界。 (account) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 33．尽管怀念现代化的家，林恩(Lyn)惊讶地发现，自己反而更想念一家人在里面同甘共苦过的那栋老房子。(despite) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________ 34．当你学习时务必拿开所有电子设备，这样能有效地提高学习效率。(make sure) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 35．这幅画是一位年轻的艺术家所画，他在20世纪因对于色彩的独特手法而崭露头角。(emerge, approach) 汉译英) _________________________________________________________ 36．提供给游客的食物质量上差异很大，所以你最好找一下当地人去的餐厅。（vary）（汉译英） ___________________________________________ 37．为了让宠物更好地适应新家，我们需要清理掉屋子里可能对它们造成伤害的物品。（remove）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 38．青少年因大脑尚未发育完全往往容易冒险，这种行为有时会让他们惹上麻烦。(whose) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 39．毫无疑问，那位计算出错的高级工程师应为系统故障负责。（blame）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________ 40．我们提前点的外卖，结果证明味道很不错。（turn out）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、语法填空 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The mindbending ‘cyberpunk city’ in China that exists on so many levels When visiting Chongqing for the first time last November, Joshua Guvi was worried that the city he’d seen on social media couldn’t possibly be as cool in real life. Located in a mountainous area of southwestern China, this city is known for 1 complex, multilayered layout (布局), causing some 2 (refer) to it as China’s “8D city.” Including its rural outer regions, the whole area is the size of Austria. 3 the city’s unique geography and rapid growth, Chongqing has had nowhere to go but up, to the point 4 one building even has a train running through the middle of it. For tourists — and even some locals — getting lost in winding, eye-popping Chongqing is part of the fun. “It actually shot a lot over my expectations,” says Guvi, a travel content creator from Canada. These moments 5 (sew) together into a video on Guvi’s YouTube channel. He wrote, “Chongqing feels like peering into the future. This city has its own pulse.” Guvi began his trip in Shanghai, 6 he wanted to experience a more authentically Chinese city. “I had heard some people talk about Chongqing in Shanghai… Shanghai is a(n) 7 (amaze) city, but I was curious to see more of the actual China, versus kind of the Shanghai where you can still get by on English.” He isn’t the only one who has been bypassing Beijing, Xi’an and other cities along the established Chinese tourist route in favor of Chongqing. Tourism in Chongqing has been skyrocketing 8 the country reopened post-pandemic. According to data 9 (release) by the Chongqing government, the city welcomed about 1.3 million inbound tourists in 2024, representing a year-on-year increase of 184%. In the first two months of 2025, the number of foreign nationals entering through the city’s ports increased by 60%. In fact, American tourists have seen 10 noticeable increase. That’s especially impressive considering there that the sole direct flight from the US to Chongqing is a once-a-week affair on Hainan Airlines. We have to say the outlook for inbound tourism is very promising. 二、阅读理解 （25-26高一上·上海徐汇·期中）Cinque Terre, Italy, in thermal layers. Ireland in ceaseless rain. For decades, I limited most of my European travels to fall because, whatever the weather, I enjoyed the feeling of having the hotel, trail, restaurant or cathedral to myself. But I won’t be alone this year. From resort towns in Europe to popular summer destinations in the United States, places once emptied by October are now filled with guests. Booking.com reported notable growth in searches for traditional beach trips such as the Hamptons — up 78% уear-over-year in September and 45% in October — and Cape Cod. Searches for rooms in Dublin are up 35% in the fall over summer, according to Expedia, and Virtuoso, a consortium of high-end travel agencies, says that fall bookings have climbed 30% this year. Fall’s popularity owes some credit to the broader boom in travel. Last year, 1.4 billion people traveled internationally, up from 673 million in 2000, according to the World Travel & Tourism Council. With more of them seeking better access and fewer crowds, the off-season is now its own season. In some destinations, climate change has encouraged fall travel by extending milder weather. In the Italian Alps, with diminished early snows, the Grand Hotel Courmayeur Mont Blanc will remain open this fall for the first time, rather than closing in mid-September and reopening in December for the ski season. The fallout from overtourism — including shoulder-to-shoulder summer crowds in places like Venice and Dubrovnik, Croatia, and anti-tourism protests in Spain — has pushed some travelers to delay departures to later in the year. To ease the pressure, sustainability-minded operators have introduced trips to lesser-traveled destinations such as Uzbekistan and Romania. While taking extended vacations during back-to-school season remains a challenge for many families, travel industry experts credit the shift in flexible work patterns for introducing travelers to the joys of fall trips. “Travelers are no longer bound by school calendars or 9-to-5 routines,” said Melissa Krueger, the CEO of a travel agency based in California. “They also want more meaningful trips — harvest festivals, culinary events, wildlife encounters — that don’t follow a summer-only mindset.” October is no longer a secret whispered among in-the-know travelers. It has confidently taken its place as the crown jewel of the year. 1．What can we know about the author’s past European travels in fall? A．He often faced unpleasant weather like ceaseless rain in Ireland. B．He found it hard to book hotels due to limited autumn openings. C．He enjoyed far less crowded tourist attractions during those trips. D．He preferred visiting Cinque Terre to other European destinations. 2．Which of the following does NOT account for the growing popularity of fall travel? A．Flexible work schedules allow people to travel during the offseason. B．Lower international travel costs make fall journeys more budget-friendly. C．Mild weather lasts longer in some destinations because of climate change. D．The problems caused by overtourism causes travelers to avoid summer trips. 3．According to the passage, it can be inferred that __________. A．travel agencies are struggling to meet the rising demand for fall trips. B．the author plans to avoid European travel this fall due to greater crowds. C．climate change has reduced the appeal of the Alps in fall among visitors. D．tourists now favor experiences over seasonal routines when planning trips. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Fall Travel: From a Well-Kept Secret to a Beloved Choice B．The Rise of European Travel: Destinations and Highlights C．Overtourism: What Drives Travelers Towards Offseason Trips D．Embrace the Season: The Latest Data and Trend of Fall Travel 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 定语从句 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 限制性定语从句 / 考点二 非限制性定语从句 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题核心考点覆盖限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句、关系代词与关系副词辨析、“介词 + 关系代词” 结构，以及长难句主干的快速提取。命题上常结合语法填空、阅读理解长难句、完形填空语义搭配、写作句式升级等真实题型设置情境。整体以基础送分为主，但that 与 which 的选用、where 修饰抽象先行词、as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句是拉开分差的关键点。 识记 准确复述限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句的定义；牢记 who/whom/which/that/whose/when/where/why 等关系词的基本用法。 理解 精准辨析易混点：that 与 which、关系代词与关系副词、as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句；理清介词 + 关系代词的选用逻辑。 应用 能在语法填空中判断从句成分、选择合适关系词；能拆分阅读理解长难句里的定语从句；能写出结构正确且逻辑通顺的含定语从句的复合句。 1.定语从句 定语从句也叫作关系从句或形容词性从句，这类从句依靠关系词引出，在句中主要承担定语修饰成分，这也是该语法名称的由来。 限制性定语从句 2.关系代词引导的定语从句 who，whom，whose引导的定语从句 1. who和whom的指代对象都是人。who在定语从句充当主语；whom在从句作宾语，在限制性定语从句内可以省略。日常口语表达中，可以用who替换whom。 2. whose既可修饰人，也可以修饰事物，在定语从句里面作定语。当其指代物品时，可换成of which；指代人时，可使用of whom进行改写。 that，which引导的定语从句 1. that大多用来指代事物，部分场景也可以指代人，能在定语从句中充当主语、表语或者宾语；当它作宾语、表语时，可以省略。 2. which用来指代事物，可在从句中作主语、宾语；在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的which能够省略。除此之外，which还可以指代前面主句的部分信息或是整句话的内容。 3. 以下场景只能使用that，不能选用which： ①先行词为all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词； ②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some这类词汇修饰； ③先行词前面有序数词、形容词最高级修饰，或是先行词本身就是序数词； ④先行词受到the only，the very（正是、恰好），the last修饰； ⑤先行词同时包含人与事物； ⑥以which或who开头的特殊疑问句中包含定语从句。 关系代词的用法: 关系代词 指代 在定从中所做成分 是否可省略 that 人；物 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 which 物 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 who 人 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 whom 人 宾语 可省 whose 人；物 定语 不可省 as 人；物 主语；宾语；表语 不可省 关系副词的用法: 关系副词 指代 在定从中所做成分 是否可省略 when 时间 状语 否 where 地点 状语 否 why 原因 状语 否 常见关系副词包含when，why，where，它们在定语从句只充当状语。 1. 在口语与非正式表达场景中，when、where、why，或是含义等同于关系副词的“介词＋which”结构，可以用that替换，且that可以省略。 2. 如果定语从句缺少主语或者宾语，即便先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，引导词依旧选用which/that。 3. 当先行词为reason，并且reason在主句作主语，由why或that引导定语从句时，后续表语从句不能用because引导，要使用that。对应句型：The reason why...is that... 或 The reason that...is that...。 4. 部分名词表示抽象地点，例如point，situation，case，stage等。若引导词在从句中作状语，一般用where引导定语从句；如果引导词在从句充当主语、宾语或表语，则选择that/which。 4.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，主要存在下面四类结构： （1）介词＋关系代词 （2）名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词 （3）形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词 （4）介词＋关系代词＋名词 “介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选取 1. 通常可以从三个角度确定介词：①先行词本身含义；②从句里动词、形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子整体语义。 2. 如果要表达“整体与局部”的逻辑，介词一般选用of。some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代词或数词，可以放在of which/whom之前或之后。 3. 少数情况下“介词＋where”能够引导定语从句，做题时要区分它和“介词＋which”在语义层面的差别。 非限制性定语从句 1. 部分定语从句和先行词联系比较松散，只起到补充说明的作用，不对先行词范围加以限制，这类从句叫作非限制性定语从句。书写时常用逗号和主句隔开；翻译成中文时，一般拆成分句表达。 例句：This message was sent by Leo, who visited our campus this afternoon. 译文：这条消息是利奥发来的，他今天下午来过我们校园。 2. 非限制性定语从句修饰人时，可以用who(主格)、whom(宾格)、whose(所有格)。修饰人并且在从句作主语，只能使用who；作宾语只能用whom，没有其他可选引导词，同时引导词不能省略。修饰事物只用which，不可使用that。简单总结：非限制性定语从句中不会出现that与why。 限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句对比 区别项目 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中不停顿。 与主句之间常用逗号隔开，口语中有停顿。 作用 对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制，若去掉，则句意不完整。 对先行词起补充说明作用，若省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。 翻译与含义 翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，限制先行词。 翻译时与主句隔开，对先行词解释说明。 先行词 名词或代词。 名词、代词、短语或句子。 关系词 各类关系词，有几种选择，有时可省。 不用that和why，一般只有一种选择，关系词不可省。 非限制性定语从句引导词的选择 关系代词的选择 A．that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。指代人，从句作主语选who，作宾语选whom；指代事物则用which。就算关系代词在从句充当宾语，也不能省略。 ①Cindy，who lives in Canada，is a close friend of mine． 辛迪住在加拿大，她是我的挚友。 ②Mr. White，who designed this building，spent five years working in South Africa． 怀特先生是这座建筑的设计者，他曾在南非工作五年。 B．as和which的区分 (1)as与which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句内容。当非限制性定语从句放置句末，as、which在从句充当主语、宾语或表语时，二者大多可以互换。 He missed the contest，which／as was predictable． 他错过了这场比赛，这是预料之中的事。（作主语） 但二者存在区别： 若非限制性定语从句放在主句前面，或是插入主句中间，只能使用as。 As we can observe, forests take up nearly 30 percent of the land surface of the globe. 正如我们能观察到的，森林覆盖了全球近三成陆地面积。 (2)as在从句作主语，后面常搭配动词被动形式；which在从句作主语，后面一般接动词主动形式。 A heavy flood struck the southern region last week, as was reported online. 网络新闻报道，上周南部区域遭遇特大洪水。 He won the speech competition, which brought great pride to his whole family. 他拿下演讲比赛冠军，这件事让全家倍感自豪。 (3)as常出现在固定句式中，例如as we know／as is known to all(众所周知)，as we all can see(正如大家都能看到的)，as is often the case(情况常常如此)，as might be imagined(不难想象)，as might be expected(正如预料的那样)，as has been pointed out(正如所指出的)，as has been said before(正如前文所说)，as(is) often happens (一如往常)。 She arrives late for morning class again，as often happens． 一如往常，她今早上课又迟到了。 C．关系代词和关系副词的选择 非限制性定语从句里，引导词选择规则和限制性定语从句一致：引导词在从句作主语或宾语，选用关系代词；作状语，选用关系副词。 The elderly lady has a son，who works as a surgeon． 这位年长女士有一个儿子，他是一名外科医生。(who作主语) I faced a tough period in 2012，where no one could offer me practical support． 2012年我经历一段艰难岁月，没有人能为我提供实际帮助。(where 作状语) 注意：(1)限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词；非限制性定语从句的先行词，可以是单词，也可以是一整句话。对比例句： The novel，which I finished reading last weekend，is really attractive． 这本小说是我上周末读完的，内容十分吸引人。(先行词为novel) The novel is full of wisdom，which inspires me a lot． 这本小说充满智慧，这一点给了我很多启发。(先行词是“The novel is full of wisdom”整句话) (2)that，why不能引导非限制性定语从句；要用which替代that，for which替代why。 I failed the interview，that upset my career coach.(误) I failed the interview，which upset my career coach．(正) I have explained to them the reason，for which I declined the seminar． (3)关系代词替换规则不一样。 限制性定语从句中whom作宾语，可以用who替换whom；但是在非限制性定语从句中whom作宾语，不能用who替换。 This is the girl whom／who I met at the concert hall． 这就是我在音乐厅遇见的女孩。 A young artist met a new partner，whom he wanted to impress deeply． 一位青年艺术家结识了新搭档，他希望给对方留下深刻印象。 限制性定语从句先行词指人时，可以选用who、that或whom；但非限制性定语从句先行词指人，引导词只能用who或whom。 Sally has an uncle，that drives a train．(误) Sally has an uncle，who drives a train．(正) 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1．This is the community many labour‑saving devices were first introduced to local families. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：这就是那个许多省力设备首次被引进到当地家庭的社区。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词是the community，表地点，从句结构完整，不缺主语或宾语，应用关系副词where，在从句中作地点状语。 2．The convenience online delivery brings also creates plenty of rubbish. 【答案】which/that 【详解】句意：在线配送带来的便利也产生了大量垃圾。空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示事物的名词The convenience，关系词在从句中作brings的宾语，可以用关系代词which或者that引导。 3．That is the reason many teenagers prefer science‑fiction books in their spare time. 【答案】why 【详解】句意：这就是为什么许多青少年在空闲时间更喜欢科幻小说的原因。空处引导定语从句，先行词是the reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，要用关系副词why引导定语从句。 4．This is the spot the scientist once aimed to do his important experiment. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：这就是科学家曾打算进行重要实验的地方。空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词the spot，空格后的从句结构完整，不缺主语或宾语，需要用关系副词where在从句中充当地点状语。 5．Tell me the reason you argue with your parents about your room arrangement. 【答案】why 【详解】句意：告诉我你因为房间布置和父母争吵的原因。此空引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，从句中缺少状语，此空填关系副词why，在从句中作原因状语。 6．The days will soon come we can fully enjoy our colourful senior-high school life. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】when 【详解】句意：我们能够尽情享受丰富多彩的高中生活的日子很快就会到来。先行词为The days，表示时间，从句不缺主语、宾语，用关系副词when引导定语从句。此处先行词和从句被主句谓语will soon come隔开，属于分隔定语从句。 7．The library we borrow books provides free digital resources for teenagers. 【答案】from which 【详解】句意：我们借书的这家图书馆为青少年提供免费数字资源。此处为介词+关系代词结构定语从句，修饰先行词library，borrow sth. from + 地点表示从某地借某物，故介词用from，作介词的宾语，指物，故用关系代词which。 8．The first task we need to finish today is to collect data from the local survey. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我们今天需要完成的第一项任务是收集当地调查的数据。此处为定语从句，先行词task被序数词the first修饰，关系代词只能用that，在从句中作finish的宾语。 9．The reason he explained to the teacher sounded reasonable. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：他向老师解释的理由听起来很有道理。先行词虽为reason，但从句中explained后缺宾语，应用关系代词that/which。 10．Digitalization has made cultural heritage more accessible to the public, particularly to people living in rural areas would otherwise be unable to visit these sites in person. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：数字化使文化遗产更加易于公众接触，特别是对居住在农村地区的人们而言，他们原本无法亲自前往这些场所。空处引导定语从句，先行词是rural areas，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that。 11．..., these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through we understand our lives. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：……这些核心特征与我们的记忆结合在一起，通过它们我们理解自己的生活，从而创造出一个个人的故事。story后为定语从句，修饰先行词a personal story，且关系词在从句中作介词through的宾语，应用关系代词which。 12．Many families are not trapped in poverty, but in a subtle situation emotional communication gradually fades amid busy daily routines. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：许多家庭并未陷入贫困，而是陷入一种微妙处境，日常琐事缠身，情感交流日渐淡化。空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词situation，在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。 13．He is a talented artist works have been displayed in galleries around the world. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他是一位才华横溢的艺术家，其作品已在世界各地的画廊展出。分析句子结构可知，此空考查定语从句，先行词为artist，与从句主语works为所属关系，表示“他的作品”，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 14．We all admire the volunteer devotes most of his time to protecting wild animals in the forest. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们都钦佩那位将大部分时间都用于保护森林中野生动物的志愿者。空处引导定语从句，先行词为volunteer，指人，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 15．The reason he gave up the outdoor activity is that the weather was too bad. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他放弃户外活动的原因是天气太糟糕了。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，所以应用关系副词why引导。故填why。 16．The scholar, based on theory many teaching methods are designed, passed away. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这位学者去世了，很多教学方法都是基于他的理论设计的。“____ theory many teaching methods are designed”是定语从句，先行词是The scholar，从句中theory与先行词是所属关系，即学者的理论，所以用关系代词whose，在从句中作定语。故填whose。 17．The community center is a lively place children take dance classes, seniors play chess, and neighbors gather for regular meetings. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：社区中心是一个充满活力的地方，孩子们在那里上舞蹈课，老人们下棋，邻居们定期聚会。_______children take dance classes, seniors play chess, and neighbors gather for regular meetings是关系词引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词a lively place，而且该关系词在从句中作地点状语，关系副词where符合要求。故填where。 18．The music teacher piano lessons were always filled with laughter would treat us to homemade cookies after we mastered a difficult piece. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位音乐老师的钢琴课总是充满欢声笑语，每当我们学会一首有难度的曲子后，她就会用自制的饼干招待我们。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The music teacher，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰piano lessons，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 19．If these methods worked, there may come a time we can completely solve the problem of water pollution. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如果这些方法奏效，可能会有一个我们可以完全解决水污染问题的时候。空处引导定语从句，先行词是time，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 20．Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”: they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一般来说，亲密的友谊有三个“成果”：它们能够抚慰心灵、启发头脑，并帮助我们实现自己设定的目标。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词goals是物，因此用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，故填that/which。 21．In my opinion, it is necessary for you to have a good rest, provides enough energy for you. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：在我看来，你有必要好好休息，这会为你提供充足的精力。引导非限制性定语从句，修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which。 22．The scientist, research focuses on environmental protection, has won widespread praise from the public. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：这位科学家的研究专注于环境保护，赢得了公众的广泛赞誉。此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是scientist，关系词在从句中作research的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。 23．Second-hand products have become popular in recent years. Many shoppers have noticed a rise in second-hand stores, offer an increasingly diverse range of products.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】which 【详解】句意：近年来，二手产品越来越受欢迎。许多购物者注意到二手商店的数量在增加，这些商店提供的产品种类也越来越多样化。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是second-hand stores，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。 24．The rescue dog Thunder, leg was badly injured, recovered quickly thanks to the herbal remedy. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：搜救犬桑德腿部受了重伤，多亏草药治疗，它恢复得很快。空处引导非限制性定语从句，代替指物的先行词dog在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。 25．Since 2007, Steve Jobs introduced the iPhone, the way we communicate has been completely transformed. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：自2007年史蒂夫·乔布斯推出iPhone以来，我们的沟通方式已被彻底改变。此处为关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为2007，表示时间，作从句的时间状语，此处使用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 26．The emergency supplies, included medical kits, portable generators and instant food, were airlifted to the isolated town hit by the sudden blizzard within 24 hours. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些应急物资包括医疗箱、便携式发电机和速食食品，在 24 小时内被空运到了突遭暴风雪袭击的偏远小镇。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The emergency supplies，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 27．In 1969, NASA successfully assembled a crew of three astronauts for the Apollo 11 mission, one of became the first human to walk on the moon. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：1969年，美国国家航空航天局成功组建了一支由三名宇航员组成的机组，参与了阿波罗11号任务。其中一名宇航员成为了首位在月球上行走的人类。此处为介词+关系代词结构的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词three astronauts，作介词的宾语，指人，故填whom。 28．I still remember the day, we met for the first time at the summer camp. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我依然记得我们第一次在夏令营遇到的那天。此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是the day，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 29．The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限定性定语从句引导词。句意：这家电影院的老板需要进行大量改进并雇佣更多员工来维持运营，这意味着要花费数万英镑。此处需要引导词指代前文整个句子的内容，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，故填which。 30．The famous writer, we often talk about in our literature class, will visit our school next week. 【答案】whom/who 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：那位著名作家下周要来参观我们学校，我们在文学课上经常谈论他。先行词是The famous writer，指人，在定语从句we often talk about in our literature class中，talk about缺少宾语，所以可用关系代词whom或who引导定语从句，指代先行词the famous writer，在从句中作宾语。故填whom/who。 二、翻译 31．那些有幸在灾难中存活下来的人深切懂得幸福未必和名利有关。（survive）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Those who are lucky enough to survive the disaster deeply understand that happiness is not necessarily related to fame and wealth. 【详解】句子陈述事实，用一般现在时；表示“那些人”用Those，作主语；表示“有幸在灾难中存活下来的”用定语从句修饰先行词Those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who引导，表示“有幸做某事；足够幸运去做某事”用be lucky enough to do sth.，表示“在灾难中存活下来”用survive the disaster；表示“深切懂得”用deeply understand作主句谓语；表示“幸福未必和名利有关”用宾语从句作understand的宾语；表示“幸福”用happiness，作宾语从句主语；表示“未必”用not necessarily；表示“和……有关”用be related to，主语为happiness，系动词用is；表示“名利”用fame and wealth，作宾语；宾语从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。 32．根据目击者的叙述，当地人促使自己到达极限，这彰显了人类精神没有边界。 (account) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】According to the witness’s account, the local people pushed themselves to their limits, which shows that the human spirit has no boundaries. 【详解】“根据目击者的叙述”作状语，可译为介词短语according to the witness’s account，其中名词account表示“叙述、描述”；“当地人促使自己到达极限”是主句，主语“当地人”译为the local people，“促使自己到达极限”译为push themselves to their limits，讲述过去的事情，谓语动词push用一般过去时态pushed；“这彰显了人类精神没有边界”可处理为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，用关系代词which引导从句并在从句中作主语，谓语“彰显”用动词show，描述客观事实，用一般现在时态shows，“人类精神没有边界”作宾语，处理为连词that引导的宾语从句，译为the human spirit has no boundaries。 33．尽管怀念现代化的家，林恩(Lyn)惊讶地发现，自己反而更想念一家人在里面同甘共苦过的那栋老房子。(despite) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite missing her modern home, Lyn is surprised to find that she actually misses the old house where her family shared joys and hardships together even more. 【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“尽管怀念现代化的家”为despite missing her modern home，动名词作介词despite的宾语；主语为Lyn，表示“惊讶地发现”为be surprised to find that，that引导宾语从句；从句主语为she，表示“反而更想念”可用actually miss…even more，陈述事实用一般现在时；表示“那栋老房子”为the old house，后跟定语从句，先行词the old house在从句作地点状语，故用where引导；表示“一家人在里面同甘共苦过”可翻译为her family shared joys and hardships together，发生在过去为一般过去时。故翻译为Despite missing her modern home, Lyn is surprised to find that she actually misses the old house where her family shared joys and hardships together even more. 34．当你学习时务必拿开所有电子设备，这样能有效地提高学习效率。(make sure) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】When you study, make sure to put away all electronic devices, which can effectively improve your study efficiency. 【详解】考查时间状语从句、非限制性定语从句、非谓语动词。表示“当……时候”用when，引导时间状语从句；表示“你”用you，作从句主语；表示“学习”用study，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语为you，谓语动词用原形；表示“务必”用make sure，祈使句以动词原形开始；表示“拿开”用put away，用不定式形式作宾语；表示“所有电子设备”用all electronic devices，作put away的宾语；表示“这样能有效地提高学习效率”用非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导；表示“能”用can；表示“有效地提高”用effectively improve，谓语情态动词can后，用动词原形；表示“你的学习效率”用your study efficiency，作improve的宾语。故翻译为When you study, make sure to put away all electronic devices, which can effectively improve your study efficiency. 35．这幅画是一位年轻的艺术家所画，他在20世纪因对于色彩的独特手法而崭露头角。(emerge, approach) 汉译英) _________________________________________________________ 【答案】This painting was created by a young artist who emerged in the 20th century for his unique approach to colors. 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意，该句表示过去发生的动作，用一般过去时；“这幅画是一位年轻的艺术家所画”可用被动语态表达，译为This painting was created by a young artist；“他在20世纪因对于色彩的独特手法而崭露头角”可用关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句表达，修饰先行词a young artist，who在从句中作主语，动词emerge表示“出现、显露、崭露头角”，作谓语，名词approach表示“方法”，approach to sth表示“应对某事的方法”，故“对于色彩的独特手法”可译为unique approach to colors，该从句译为who emerged in the 20th century for his unique approach to colors。故全句译为This painting was created by a young artist who emerged in the 20th century for his unique approach to colors. 36．提供给游客的食物质量上差异很大，所以你最好找一下当地人去的餐厅。（vary）（汉译英） ___________________________________________ 【答案】The quality of food provided to tourists varies greatly, so you’d better look for restaurants that locals frequent. 【详解】考查名词，动词、非谓语动词和定语从句。“食物质量”用the quality of food作主语，“提供给游客”用provide to tourists表示，“食物”是“被提供的”，故用过去分词作后置定语，“提供给游客的食物质量”表示为the quality of food provided to tourists，“差异”用动词vary表示，描述客观情况用一般现在时，“很大”用副词greatly作状语，“所以”用so表示，“最好做某事”用had better do sth表示，“寻找餐厅”表示为look for restaurants，“当地人去的”可以用定语从句表示，“当地人”用locals作主语，“常去，时常出入”用动词frequent表示，定语从句缺宾语，先行词restaurants指物，故用that引导。故译为The quality of food provided to tourists varies greatly, so you’d better look for restaurants that locals frequent. 37．为了让宠物更好地适应新家，我们需要清理掉屋子里可能对它们造成伤害的物品。（remove）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】To enable pets to better adapt to the new home, we need to remove the items in the house that/which may cause harm to them. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句子陈述目的，用不定式结构作目的状语；“让……适应”可翻译为enable...to do sth.；“宠物”可翻译为pets；“更好地”可翻译为better；“适应新家”可翻译为adapt to the new home；“我们”作主句主语，用we；“需要做某事”可翻译为need to do sth.；“清理掉”可翻译为remove；“屋子里可能对它们造成伤害的物品”可处理为定语从句，修饰先行词“物品”items，“在屋子里”可翻译为in the house，“可能对它们造成伤害的”可翻译为that/which may cause harm to them，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用that/which引导。故翻译为To enable pets to better adapt to the new home, we need to remove the items in the house that/which may cause harm to them. 38．青少年因大脑尚未发育完全往往容易冒险，这种行为有时会让他们惹上麻烦。(whose) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】Teenagers, whose brains are not fully developed, tend to take risks, and such behavior sometimes gets them into trouble. 【详解】考查动词短语、定语从句和并列句结构。分析句子，确立句子主干为“青少年往往容易冒险，这种行为有时会让他们惹上麻烦”，作主句，而“因大脑尚未发育完全”可处理为定语从句；主句可拆分为两个分句，用并列连词and连接，“青少年往往容易冒险”译为teenagers tend to take risks，“这种行为有时会让他们惹上麻烦”译为such behavior sometimes gets them into trouble，描述客观事实都用一般现在时态；“因大脑尚未发育完全”作定语，修饰主语teenagers，用关系代词whose引导定语从句，译为whose brains are not fully developed，描述客观事实用一般现在时态。综上，全句译为：Teenagers, whose brains are not fully developed, tend to take risks, and such behavior sometimes gets them into trouble. 39．毫无疑问，那位计算出错的高级工程师应为系统故障负责。（blame）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is no doubt that the senior engineer who made a mistake in the calculation is to blame for the system failure. 【详解】考查固定句型、定语从句与固定搭配。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“毫无疑问”用同位语从句句型There is no doubt that...，that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容；“那位计算出错的高级工程师”中，“计算出错的”描述的是过去的事实，用定语从句who made a mistake in the calculation修饰先行词the senior engineer，who在从句中作主语；“应为……负责”用固定搭配be to blame for，该短语用主动形式表达被动含义；“系统故障”用名词短语the system failure。故翻译为There is no doubt that the senior engineer who made a mistake in the calculation is to blame for the system failure. 40．我们提前点的外卖，结果证明味道很不错。（turn out）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】The takeaway (that/which) we ordered in advance turned out to be very delicious. 【详解】考查固定短语、定语从句和时态。根据汉语语境可知，句子描述过去发生的“点外卖”及“味道不错”的结果，应用一般过去时。“我们提前点的外卖”中，“外卖”作主语，译为“the takeaway”，位于句首，首字母需大写，“我们提前点的”作定语修饰“外卖”，用定语从句“(that/which) we ordered in advance”表达，其中关系代词that或which在从句中作宾语，可省略，“order”意为“点餐”在从句中作谓语，用过去式，“in advance”为固定短语，意为“提前”，在从句中作状语，故主语整体译为“The takeaway we ordered in advance”；“结果证明味道很不错”用所给固定短语的“turn out to be + 形容词”结构来表达，其中“turn out to be”为系动词短语，意为“结果是……，证明是……”，用过去式，“味道很不错”译为“very delicious”作表语，故这部分译为“turned out to be very delicious”。综上，整句话可译为：The takeaway (that/which) we ordered in advance turned out to be very delicious. 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、语法填空 （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The mindbending ‘cyberpunk city’ in China that exists on so many levels When visiting Chongqing for the first time last November, Joshua Guvi was worried that the city he’d seen on social media couldn’t possibly be as cool in real life. Located in a mountainous area of southwestern China, this city is known for 1 complex, multilayered layout (布局), causing some 2 (refer) to it as China’s “8D city.” Including its rural outer regions, the whole area is the size of Austria. 3 the city’s unique geography and rapid growth, Chongqing has had nowhere to go but up, to the point 4 one building even has a train running through the middle of it. For tourists — and even some locals — getting lost in winding, eye-popping Chongqing is part of the fun. “It actually shot a lot over my expectations,” says Guvi, a travel content creator from Canada. These moments 5 (sew) together into a video on Guvi’s YouTube channel. He wrote, “Chongqing feels like peering into the future. This city has its own pulse.” Guvi began his trip in Shanghai, 6 he wanted to experience a more authentically Chinese city. “I had heard some people talk about Chongqing in Shanghai… Shanghai is a(n) 7 (amaze) city, but I was curious to see more of the actual China, versus kind of the Shanghai where you can still get by on English.” He isn’t the only one who has been bypassing Beijing, Xi’an and other cities along the established Chinese tourist route in favor of Chongqing. Tourism in Chongqing has been skyrocketing 8 the country reopened post-pandemic. According to data 9 (release) by the Chongqing government, the city welcomed about 1.3 million inbound tourists in 2024, representing a year-on-year increase of 184%. In the first two months of 2025, the number of foreign nationals entering through the city’s ports increased by 60%. In fact, American tourists have seen 10 noticeable increase. That’s especially impressive considering there that the sole direct flight from the US to Chongqing is a once-a-week affair on Hainan Airlines. We have to say the outlook for inbound tourism is very promising. 【答案】 1．its 2．to refer 3．Due to 4．where 5．were sewn 6．where 7．amazing 8．since 9．released 10．a 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了重庆成热门旅游地，入境游客数量大幅增长。 1．考查代词。句意：位于中国西南部的山区，这座城市以其复杂的多层布局而闻名，导致一些人将其称为中国的“8D城市”。根据空后的“complex, multilayered layout”可知，空处修饰名词，表示“它的复杂的多层布局”，应用形容词性物主代词its作定语。故填its。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：位于中国西南部的山区，这座城市以其复杂的多层布局而闻名，导致一些人将其称为中国的“8D城市”。cause sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“导致某人做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式，作宾语补足语。故填to refer。 3．考查介词短语。句意：由于这座城市独特的地理位置和快速发展，重庆别无选择，只能向上发展，以至于一栋建筑甚至有火车从中间穿过。根据空后的名词短语“the city’s unique geography and rapid growth”可知，此处表示“由于这座城市独特的地理位置和快速发展”，应用介词短语due to，表示原因，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Due to。 4．考查定语从句。句意：由于这座城市独特的地理位置和快速发展，重庆别无选择，只能向上发展，以至于一栋建筑甚至有火车从中间穿过。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the point，表示抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5．考查时态和语态。句意：这些时刻被剪辑在一起，制作成Guvi YouTube频道上的一个视频。句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语These moments和动词sew之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were sewn。 6．考查定语从句。句意：Guvi的旅程始于上海，在那里他想体验一个更真实的中国城市。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Shanghai，表示地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 7．考查形容词。句意：上海是一个令人惊叹的城市，但我想看看更多真实的中国，而不是那种你仍然可以用英语应付的上海。根据空后的名词city可知，空处修饰名词，需用形容词作定语，修饰物应用-ing形容词amazing，意为“令人惊叹的”。故填amazing。 8．考查连词。句意：自疫情后国家重新开放以来，重庆的旅游业一直在飙升。根据空前的现在完成进行时“has been skyrocketing”可知，此处表示“自疫情后国家重新开放以来”，空处引导时间状语从句，意为“自从”，需用连接词since。故填since。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据重庆市政府发布的数据，2024年，该市接待入境游客约130万人次，同比增长184%。空处是非谓语动词，动词release和逻辑主语data之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填released。 10．考查冠词。句意：事实上，美国游客的数量有显著增加。空后increase为可数名词单数，此处表泛指，需用不定冠词，且noticeable是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 二、阅读理解 （25-26高一上·上海徐汇·期中）Cinque Terre, Italy, in thermal layers. Ireland in ceaseless rain. For decades, I limited most of my European travels to fall because, whatever the weather, I enjoyed the feeling of having the hotel, trail, restaurant or cathedral to myself. But I won’t be alone this year. From resort towns in Europe to popular summer destinations in the United States, places once emptied by October are now filled with guests. Booking.com reported notable growth in searches for traditional beach trips such as the Hamptons — up 78% уear-over-year in September and 45% in October — and Cape Cod. Searches for rooms in Dublin are up 35% in the fall over summer, according to Expedia, and Virtuoso, a consortium of high-end travel agencies, says that fall bookings have climbed 30% this year. Fall’s popularity owes some credit to the broader boom in travel. Last year, 1.4 billion people traveled internationally, up from 673 million in 2000, according to the World Travel & Tourism Council. With more of them seeking better access and fewer crowds, the off-season is now its own season. In some destinations, climate change has encouraged fall travel by extending milder weather. In the Italian Alps, with diminished early snows, the Grand Hotel Courmayeur Mont Blanc will remain open this fall for the first time, rather than closing in mid-September and reopening in December for the ski season. The fallout from overtourism — including shoulder-to-shoulder summer crowds in places like Venice and Dubrovnik, Croatia, and anti-tourism protests in Spain — has pushed some travelers to delay departures to later in the year. To ease the pressure, sustainability-minded operators have introduced trips to lesser-traveled destinations such as Uzbekistan and Romania. While taking extended vacations during back-to-school season remains a challenge for many families, travel industry experts credit the shift in flexible work patterns for introducing travelers to the joys of fall trips. “Travelers are no longer bound by school calendars or 9-to-5 routines,” said Melissa Krueger, the CEO of a travel agency based in California. “They also want more meaningful trips — harvest festivals, culinary events, wildlife encounters — that don’t follow a summer-only mindset.” October is no longer a secret whispered among in-the-know travelers. It has confidently taken its place as the crown jewel of the year. 1．What can we know about the author’s past European travels in fall? A．He often faced unpleasant weather like ceaseless rain in Ireland. B．He found it hard to book hotels due to limited autumn openings. C．He enjoyed far less crowded tourist attractions during those trips. D．He preferred visiting Cinque Terre to other European destinations. 2．Which of the following does NOT account for the growing popularity of fall travel? A．Flexible work schedules allow people to travel during the offseason. B．Lower international travel costs make fall journeys more budget-friendly. C．Mild weather lasts longer in some destinations because of climate change. D．The problems caused by overtourism causes travelers to avoid summer trips. 3．According to the passage, it can be inferred that __________. A．travel agencies are struggling to meet the rising demand for fall trips. B．the author plans to avoid European travel this fall due to greater crowds. C．climate change has reduced the appeal of the Alps in fall among visitors. D．tourists now favor experiences over seasonal routines when planning trips. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Fall Travel: From a Well-Kept Secret to a Beloved Choice B．The Rise of European Travel: Destinations and Highlights C．Overtourism: What Drives Travelers Towards Offseason Trips D．Embrace the Season: The Latest Data and Trend of Fall Travel 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了秋季旅行从鲜为人知到广受欢迎的原因，包括旅行整体增长、气候变化、过度旅游问题及灵活工作模式等。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“For decades, I limited most of my European travels to fall because, whatever the weather, I enjoyed the feeling of having the hotel, trail, restaurant or cathedral to myself. (几十年来，我把大部分欧洲旅行都限制在秋季，因为无论天气如何，我都喜欢独自拥有酒店、小径、餐厅或大教堂的感觉)”可知，作者过去秋季在欧洲旅行时，旅游景点的人要少得多，他享受这种不那么拥挤的旅行。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Fall’s popularity owes some credit to the broader boom in travel. (秋季的流行在一定程度上要归功于旅游业的整体繁荣)”、第四段“In some destinations, climate change has encouraged fall travel by extending milder weather. (在一些目的地，气候变化通过延长温和天气鼓励了秋季旅行)”以及第五段“The fallout from overtourism — including shoulder-to-shoulder summer crowds in places like Venice and Dubrovnik, Croatia, and anti-tourism protests in Spain — has pushed some travelers to delay departures to later in the year. (过度旅游的后果——包括在威尼斯和克罗地亚杜布罗夫尼克等地夏季人挤人，以及西班牙的反旅游抗议——促使一些旅行者将出发时间推迟到今年晚些时候)”和第六段“While taking extended vacations during back-to-school season remains a challenge for many families, travel industry experts credit the shift in flexible work patterns for introducing travelers to the joys of fall trips. (虽然在返校季延长假期对许多家庭来说仍然是一个挑战，但旅游业专家认为，灵活工作模式的转变让旅行者体验到了秋季旅行的乐趣)”可知，灵活的工作安排、气候变化以及过度旅游问题都促使秋季旅行越来越受欢迎，而文中并未提及国际旅行成本降低使秋季旅行更具预算友好性。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段“Travelers are no longer bound by school calendars or 9-to-5 routines,” said Melissa Krueger, the CEO of a travel agency based in California. “They also want more meaningful trips — harvest festivals, culinary events, wildlife encounters — that don’t follow a summer-only mindset.” (“旅行者不再受学校日历或朝九晚五的作息时间的限制，”加州一家旅行社的首席执行官梅利莎·克鲁格说。“他们还想要更有意义的旅行——丰收节、美食活动、野生动物邂逅——这些旅行不遵循只在夏季的思维模式。”)”可知，现在游客在规划旅行时更注重体验，而不是季节性的常规安排。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“October is no longer a secret whispered among in-the-know travelers. It has confidently taken its place as the crown jewel of the year. (十月不再是资深旅行者之间窃窃私语的秘密。它自信地成为了一年中的瑰宝)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了秋季旅行从过去鲜为人知到现在广受欢迎的转变，“秋季旅行：从鲜为人知的秘密到备受喜爱的选择”适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $