内容正文:
2025年中考英语非谓语动词复习讲义
讲义目的
本讲义旨在帮助同学们系统梳理非谓语动词的用法,包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词/过去分词。通过本讲义的学习,你将能够:
· 辨析三种非谓语动词的形态和功能;
· 掌握它们在句中充当不同成分的常见用法;
· 运用所学知识正确分析和造句,从而在中考中取得好成绩。
一、 非谓语动词基础概念
简单来说,非谓语动词是不能独立作谓语的动词形式。它们在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等多种成分,但不能像谓语动词那样,直接表示主语的动作或状态。
对比:
· 谓语动词: He likes playing football. (likes 是谓语动词,表明主语 "He" 的动作)
· 非谓语动词: My hobby is playing football. (playing 是非谓语动词,作表语)
二、 动词不定式
动词不定式由 to + 动词原形构成,有多种功能。
1. 作主语
· To see is to believe. (眼见为实。)
· To learn English well is not easy. (学好英语不容易。)
· 注意: 当不定式作主语时,句子常以 It 作形式主语。
· It is easy to learn English well. (学好英语很容易。)
2. 作宾语
· He decided to go to Beijing for a holiday. (他决定去北京度假。)
· I want to be a doctor in the future. (我将来想成为一名医生。)
· 注意: 常接不定式作宾语的动词:want, hope, plan, decide, agree, learn, wish, expect, afford 等。
3. 作宾语补足语
· The teacher told us to finish the homework. (老师告诉我们完成作业。)
· My mother asked me to help her with the housework. (我妈妈让我帮她做家务。)
· 注意: 常见句型:allow/ask/advise/tell/invite/encourage sb. to do sth.
4. 作定语
· She has a lot of things to do. (她有很多事情要做。)
· He is the first person to arrive. (他是第一个到达的人。)
· 注意: 不定式作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
5. 作状语
· 目的状语: He works hard to get good grades. (他努力学习为了取得好成绩。)
· 结果状语: He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. (他匆忙赶到车站,结果发现火车已经开走了。)
· 原因状语: I'm happy to see you again. (我很高兴再次见到你。)
三、 动名词
动名词由 动词-ing 构成,兼具动词和名词的特性。
1. 作主语
· Smoking is bad for your health. (吸烟对你的健康有害。)
· Getting up early is a good habit. (早起是个好习惯。)
2. 作宾语
· I enjoy listening to music. (我喜欢听音乐。)
· He finished doing his homework. (他完成了作业。)
· 注意: 常接动名词作宾语的动词:enjoy, finish, practice, mind, suggest, avoid, escape 等。
3. 作表语
· My hobby is reading books. (我的爱好是读书。)
· Her job is taking care of sick people. (她的工作是照顾病人。)
4. 作介词宾语
· She is good at singing. (她擅长唱歌。)
· Thanks for helping me. (谢谢你帮助我。)
· 注意: 介词后必须跟动名词,例如:in, on, at, about, for, by, without 等。
四、 分词
分词分为现在分词(present participle)和过去分词(past participle)。
1. 现在分词(-ing)
现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作。
· 作定语: The crying baby needs help. (那个正在哭的婴儿需要帮助。)
· 作状语: Walking along the street, I met an old friend. (沿着街道走着,我遇到了一位老朋友。)
2. 过去分词(-ed)
过去分词表示被动或已经完成的动作。
· 作定语: The broken window needs to be fixed. (那扇破了的窗户需要被修理。)
· 作状语: Seen from the top of the hill, the city is beautiful. (从山顶上看,这座城市很美。)
五、 核心考点总结与练习
动词不定式 vs. 动名词: 区分作宾语的动词。
· Remember to do vs. Remember doing (记得去做某事 vs. 记得做过某事)
· Stop to do vs. Stop doing (停下来去做某事 vs. 停止正在做的事)
· Try to do vs. Try doing (努力去做 vs. 尝试做)
六、练习题:
1. I enjoy ______ (read) novels in my free time.
2. It's necessary ______ (protect) the environment.
3. The boy ______ (call) Jack is my best friend.
4. She went to the library ______ (borrow) a book.
5. He was tired from ______ (walk) for a long time.
答案:
1. reading (enjoy后接动名词)
2. to protect (it is + 形容词 + to do sth.)
3. called ("被叫做杰克" 是被动的,用过去分词)
4. to borrow (表示目的,用不定式作状语)
5. walking (介词from后接动名词)
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