04 Unit 1 Back to School Period 4 单元语法讲练-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课件(译林版)

UNIT 1　 Back to school 主题语境 人与自我——学校生活 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 一、句子成分 概述：句子是表达思想的基本单位。句子成分是指在句中起着不同语法作用的部分。英语的句子成分(sentence elements)主要有主语(S)、谓语(V)、宾语(O)、补语(C)、状语(A)、表语(P)、定语(Attr．)等。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) [观察例句] 黑体部分在句中作什么成分？ 1．The early bird catches the worm． ____ 2．They are Chinese traveling abroad． ____ 3．In the morning we often hear the birds singing merrily． __________ 4．She bought her child a storybook． ____________________ 宾语 表语 宾语补足语 间接宾语 直接宾语 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 5．There is a picture on the wall． ____ 6．The manager asked the college students to come in． ____ 7．Girls prefer to see women doctors． ____ 8．Light travels very quickly． ____ 主语 谓语 定语 状语 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) [归纳用法] 1．主语(subject)：指句子所谈论的主体，通常是某人、某事或某物。常用名词(短语)、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式、从句等作主语。形容词、副词、介词短语和过去分词不能作主语。 This week，our group of five students did a survey of our classmates． 本周，我们组五位学生对本班同学做了一项调查。 To persuade her to change her mind is really very hard． 说服她改变主意确实很难。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 2．谓语(verb)：指谓语部分的主要动词，另外，主要动词前的情态动词和助动词也被视为谓语的组成部分，通常说明主语发出的动作或主语的特征和状态，包含时态和语态两个部分。谓语由动词(短语)充当，其他词不能作谓语。 Not all ads play tricks on us though． 然而，并非所有广告都会欺骗我们。 The child could dress himself at the age of three． 这个小孩三岁就会自己穿衣服了。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 3．宾语(object)：指动作的对象。常用名词(短语)、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式、从句等作宾语。形容词、副词、介词短语和过去分词不能作宾语。有的动词后面可以接两个宾语，通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object)，把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。 The old man gave the child some nice books． 老人给了这个孩子一些好书。 You know that the situation is not really dangerous． 你知道情况并不是真的很危险。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 4．补语(complement)：补语分为主语补足语(subject complement)和宾语补足语(object complement)，用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。补语常用形容词(短语)、名词(短语)、介词短语、副词、非谓语动词等充当。 As time went by，the doll was made smaller． 随着时间的推移，这个玩偶被做得更小。 The young man was caught smoking in the kitchen． 有人撞见那个年轻人在厨房里吸烟。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 5．状语(adverbial)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。状语常用副词、形容词(短语)、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等充当。 When we arrived，we found Wang Li was extremely charming． 当我们到达时，我们发现王丽极有魅力。 Fortunately，the children were found near the village． 幸运的是，这些孩子在村子附近被找到了。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 6．表语(predicative)：指连系动词be，become，feel，get，look，seem等后面的成分，通常说明主语的身份、特征或状态。表语常用形容词(短语)、名词(短语)、副词、代词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等充当。 This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn． 这让我不禁思考，英语怎么会是一门学起来疯狂的语言。 It is amazing that the little child can speak four languages． 这个小孩会说四种语言，真令人惊讶。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 7．定语(attributive)：指修饰名词或代词的词语，有前置(在被修饰的名/代词前)和后置(在被修饰的名/代词后)两种位置。定语常用形容词(短语)、副词、介词短语、名词、非谓语动词、从句等充当。 Health care is free for everyone living in Britain． 每个英国居民都享有免费的医疗(服务)。 The programme is something to do with the environment． 这是一个环境类节目。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) [即时训练Ⅰ]——指出黑体部分是何种短语和所作的句子成分 ①The whole thing was a complete failure． ______________ ②The project seemed unlikely to succeed． ________________ ③Her footsteps echoed in the empty room． ______________ ④I know him fairly well，but we weren't really close friends． ______________ ⑤They have been working very hard on the perfection of the new model． ______________ 名词短语作主语 形容词短语作表语 介词短语作状语 副词短语作状语 动词短语作谓语 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 二、句子结构 概述：英语常见的句子结构(亦称基本句型)有八种，它们是：主谓、主系表、主谓宾、主谓宾宾、主谓宾补、主谓状、主谓宾状和存现句。 [观察例句] 下列句子属于什么句型？ 1．Everyone breathes，drinks and eats． ____ 2．Tom can speak Chinese． ______ 3．My brothers are all college students． ______ 主谓 主谓宾 主系表 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 4．My sister told me a story． ________ 5．We find the book interesting． ________ 6．My parents live in Beijing． ______ 7．I looked at them in panic． ________ 8．There are many trees around our school． ______ 主谓宾宾 主谓宾补 主谓状 主谓宾状 存现句 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) [归纳用法] 1．主谓：主语＋谓语(SV) 在该结构中，谓语是不及物动词，能表达完整的意思，后面不能直接接宾语。 _________ ________．雨停了。 _________ ____．月亮升起来了。 The rain stopped The moon rose Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 2．主系表：主语＋连系动词＋表语(SVP) 在该结构中，主语后必须是连系动词；表语多为形容词，也可为名词、代词、副词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词及表语从句等。 常见的系动词有：be(是)，become(变成)，seem(看起来)，appear(显得)，get(变得)，grow(变得)，turn(变成)，remain(仍然是)，come(变得)，fall(变得)，keep(保持)，stand(保持)，stay(保持)，smell(闻起来)，look(看起来)，sound(听起来)，taste (尝起来)，feel(感到)。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) ____ ______ _______________． 他们仍是至交。 _______________________ __ _______． 这个女孩最喜欢的科目是生物学。 They remain the best of friends The girl's favorite subject is biology Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 3．主谓宾：主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO) 在该结构中，谓语是及物动词或及物动词短语(不及物动词＋介词)，后面必须接宾语才能表达完整的意思。充当宾语的通常是名词、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式短语及宾语从句等。 __________ ___ __________． 村子里有一家餐馆。 _ ____ _______________． 我喜欢听音乐。 The village has a restaurant I like listening to music Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 4．主谓宾宾：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVOO) 在该结构中，谓语是及物动词，后接两个宾语，通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。当把直接宾语放到间接宾语之前时，间接宾语前应加适当的介词。 常见的能带双宾语的及物动词有：give，bring，tell，send，leave，pass，read，write，take，show，teach，get，award，lend，rent，buy，pay，hand等。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) ___ ____ ___ __________________． 他告诉我他的姓名和地址。 ___ ______ __________ ______． 他给我买了一件新外套。 He told me his name and address He bought a new coat for me Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 5．主谓宾补：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(SVOC) 在该结构中，谓语是及物动词，后面接宾语和宾语补足语。充当补语的可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词(短语)等。 宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语，常见的带复合宾语的及物动词(词组)有：elect，feel，find，get，have，hear，imagine，keep，make，notice，see，let，smell，start，watch，appoint，believe，call，catch，allow，ask，cause，consider，expect，know，tell，think，want，wish，listen to，look at等。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) _________ _____ __ ___． 那个消息令我们难过。 ___ _________ ______ _______． 他能听得到狗叫。 The news made us sad He could hear a dog barking Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 6．主谓状：主语＋谓语＋状语(SVA) 在该结构中，谓语是不及物动词，充当状语的是副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 ___ ______ _________． 他说得太多了。 ___ ____________ _____________． 她坐在她的书桌前。 He talked too much She was sitting at her desk Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 7．主谓宾状：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(SVOA) 在该结构中，谓语可以是及物动词或及物动词短语，后接宾语，充当状语的是副词、介词短语等。 ___ ________ __________ ___________． 你可以把箱子放在那边。 _______________ ______ ____________ ________． 那个年轻人妥善地解决了这个问题。 You can put the cases down there The young man solved the problem properly Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) [即时训练Ⅱ]——指出下列句子中黑体部分的基本类型。 ①In order to achieve success，you need to focus upon your goals． ______ ②We can also place this bag on his bedside table． ________ ③However，that was small fry compared with the city's Circus Maximus． ______ ④Anyhow，you may find achieving success here very hard． ________ ⑤It rained and therefore the football match was postponed． ____ 主谓宾 主谓宾状 主系表 主谓宾补 主谓 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 短文语境填空 This morning I went to 1．_____ English corner in the park near my home．It has been three years since it 2．______________ (found)．Many middle school 3．__________ (student) as well as foreigners took part in the activity．People there practiced 4．__________ (speak) English by talking about something 5．_____________ (interest)．They also exchanged the experience 6．_____ English learning．I thought it was a good chance for me to use the was founded students speaking interesting in Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 7．____ I had learned in my English class．I 8．____(feel) very cool after I got back home．In the future I'll try my best 9．_________ (learn) English better，for it is so 10．______ (wide) used in the world． what felt to learn widely Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 第二篇课文(Extended reading) ①secondary adj．中学的；次要的 secondary school 中学 ②exchange n． & vt．交换；交流；兑换 an exchange student交换生 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) ③host n．主人；东道主； 主持人 host family寄宿家庭 a host country/city一个主办国/城市 host the Olympic Games 主办奥运会 ④get on/along well(with…)(与……)相处融洽 ⑤biology n．生物学 ⑥tough adj．艰难的 a tough job/choice 一份棘手的工作/一个艰难的选择 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) ⑦fun adj．有趣的 It's fun doing sth．做某事很有趣。 funny adj．滑稽的，好笑的 ⑧put…together 组织，组装(零件等)；汇集 ⑨alarm n．闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 set the alarm 设置闹钟 ⑩contribution n．贡献；捐款；捐赠 ⑪fortunately adv．幸运地，幸亏 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) ⑫over time 随着时间流逝，久而久之(相当于as time goes on/by) ⑬option n．可选择的事物，选择；选修课 have no option but to do sth．除了做某事别无选择 ⑭butter n．黄油 bread and butter 黄油面包片 ⑮pudding n．甜点；布丁 ⑯attract vt．吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应) ⑰rugby n．橄榄球运动 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) ⑱once a week每周一次 ⑲a way to do sth．＝a way of doing sth．一个做某事的方法 ⑳experience different ways of life 体验不同的生活方式 ㉑fantastic adj．极好的；了不起的 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) School life in the UK Last year，I had the chance to study at a British ①secondary school as an ②exchange student．I stayed with a lovely ③host family and went to school with their son，Daniel．We were both in year ten and we ④got on well．He is learning Chinese and will come to stay with me this year in China! Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) The British school day commonly begins around 9 a．m．and ends around 4 p．m．Every secondary school student in the UK must study English，Maths and the Science subjects: ⑤Biology，Chemistry and Physics．In year ten，students usually have to learn nine subjects and they can also choose to study other subjects，such as History，Art and Business． Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) The classes are different from those in China．[1] Each teacher has their own classroom and the students move around for every lesson．In most of my classes，there were only about 20 students．In the beginning，however，it was still ⑥tough for me to remember everyone's name! [1]本句是简单句。句中的 those 指代的是前面的可数名词复数 classes。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) I enjoyed most of the classes，but some of them were quite challenging．Technology classes were ⑦fun．I made a clock to take home．The teacher helped me ⑧put the parts together．I like it so much that I still use it as my ⑨alarm！[2]I found Maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was less advanced in the UK than in China．However，learning in English was a great challenge for me．There were a lot of difficult English words，especially in Geography and Biology．Class discussion is very important in the UK， Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) but I could not make a great ⑩contribution because sometimes I wasn't able to express myself clearly in English．Although there was not as much homework as I was used to，it was still challenging．[3] ⑪Fortunately，my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement．My language skills improved ⑫over time． [2]本句中 so…that…引导结果状语从句。 [3]此处为 although 引导的让步状语从句，其中 as…as…引导比较状语从句。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) During the hour-long lunchtime，I ate in the school dining hall．There were lots of ⑬options including bread and ⑭butter，chicken pie and ⑮puddings，but I still missed my mum's cooking! After lunch，I often played on the school's huge sports field with Daniel and his friends．Sometimes we just relaxed under a tree or sat on the grass． Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) After school，there were many clubs to join．The one that ⑯attracted me most[4] was the ⑰Rugby Club．We played ⑱once a week，and it was great fun．Also，I enjoyed acting in the Theatre Club．I still have photos of myself acting in William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream[5]．Joining clubs was ⑲a great way to meet British students and make friends with them． [4]此处为 that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The one，one 指代的是 club。 [5]此处为动词-ing形式短语作后置定语。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) I am glad to have the opportunity to ⑳experience this different way of life．I met some great people and learnt a lot about school life in the UK．Daniel and his family were ㉑fantastic hosts，and his friends were very nice as well．I can't wait for Daniel to visit China！ Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 旅英学校生活 去年，我有机会作为交换生到英国的一所中学读书。我寄宿在一个亲切友好的家庭，并与这家人的儿子丹尼尔一同上学。我们去年都读十年级，相处得很融洽。丹尼尔正在学习中文，今年要来中国与我一起学习生活。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 英国的学校上午9点开始上课，下午4点放学。中学生通常要学习九门功课。英文、数学，以及科学课(生物、化学、物理)是必修课，学生们还可以选修其他课程，比如历史、艺术和商业。 英国的课堂与中国不同。每位老师都有自己的教室，学生们每节课走班上课。在我所上的大部分课上，都只有二十个学生左右。然而刚开始时，我仍然很难记住所有人的名字！ Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 大部分课程我都喜欢，但是也有一些非常有挑战性。技术课很有意思。我做了一只钟带回家。老师帮助我完成了零件组装。我太喜欢这只钟了，现在还在用它当闹钟呢！我觉得数学很简单，学起来很愉快，因为英国的教材没有中国的难。不过，用英语学习对我来说是一项巨大的挑战。难词很多，尤其是在地理和生物两门课中。在英国，课堂讨论很重要。可是我贡献不大，因为有时候我没办法用英文清楚地表达自己的观点。尽管作业不像以前那么繁重，却仍旧很有挑战性。幸好，老师和同学们一直都乐于帮助我，并给予我很多鼓励。渐渐地，我的语言能力提高了。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 一小时的午餐时间，我在学校餐厅用餐。选择很丰富，有黄油面包，鸡肉馅饼和布丁等等，但我还是想念妈妈做的菜！吃完午餐，我常常同丹尼尔，还有他的朋友们去学校的大运动场活动活动。有时候，我们就在树下小憩或者在草地上坐坐。 放学后，有许多俱乐部可以参加。最吸引我的是橄榄球俱乐部。我们每周打一次球，真的很有趣。我也喜欢去戏剧俱乐部表演。我还留着自己参演莎士比亚《仲夏夜之梦》时的剧照。加入俱乐部是与英国学生相识、交友的好方法。 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 我很高兴有机会体验这种不同的生活方式。在英国我见到了一些很棒的人，也了解了英国校园生活的方方面面。丹尼尔和他的家人是非常棒的东道主，丹尼尔的朋友也十分友好。我迫不及待要让丹尼尔来中国了！ Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) $$