2025届高三英语二轮复习备考 阅读理解之细节题突破与提升 课件

2025届高三二轮复习 新高考英语阅读理解之细节题突破与提升 授课人：祁阳市第二中学 刘力华 章节： 高考二轮复习 Teaching aims By the end of the class: 1. Students can be familiar with the types of detailed reading . 2. Students can master reading skills when dealing with detailed reading. 3. Students can improve the key abilities of comparison and generalization. Nezha has far-reaching significance  in  Chinese  culture.  哪吒在中国文化中有着深远的意义。 He represents courage, justice and rebellious spirit.  他代表着勇敢、正义和反抗精神。 In the face of power and injustice, he is not afraid and dares to stand up.  面对强权和不公，毫不畏惧，敢于挺身而出。 At the same time, his rebirth also symbolizes hope and indomitable vitality.  同时，他的重生也象征着希望和不屈不挠的生命力。 Every man is the architect of his own fortune.         卷型 高考Ⅰ卷   2024 2023 2022 细节理解题 9 10 8 词义猜测题 1 1 1 推理判断题 4 2 5 主旨要义题 2 2 1 近三年高考阅读理解考情分析 细节理解题 9 10 8 考点要求  2024年新课标I卷 2023年新课标I卷 2022年新高考I卷 直接匹配 2 2 1 数学计算 0 1 1 语义转换 4 2 3 多点概括 3 5 2 近3年高考I卷信息细节题考情分析 Type 1 Direct information 直接信息题 Type 1 Direct information 直接信息题 高考阅读理解命题特点 1、应用文（包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍等），设问一般按照文章段落的顺序依次设置，以细节理解题为主，一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和细节相比较，确定答案； 2、记叙类文章会出现大量细节，有些细节很直接，有些则需要综合、归纳、推理才能得其深意。以文章为立足点，绝对不能“想的太多”。 3、新闻类阅读理解特别重视文章导语，理解和分析导语来获得文章主题，重视段落衔接。 4、科普类文章的结构由标题、导语、背景、主体和结尾构成，导语位于文章的首段，背景交代事实的起因，主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，注重对具体细节的准确理解和以之为依据的判断。 信息细节题的常见题型 Direct information 直接信息题 Semantic shift 语义转换题 Multipoint generalization 多点概括题 Calculation 计算题 Type 1 Direct information 直接信息题 Type 1 Direct information 直接信息题 Common questions: 1. How did Tom feel during his meeting with Laura? 2. Who are the intended readers of the passage? 4. When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal? 5. Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? 6. Which/Where...? 直接信息题主要针对文中涉及的5W1H(what、who、when、why、where和how)等提问。解答这类题,先题后文，巧妙运用“题干定位法”，即找词 定位 比对。 → → 直击高考：例题精讲（一） 2023年新课标I卷 A篇（选段） 23. Where does the guided city tour start? A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes. Prices Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 考题分析： 注重考察考生获取具体信息能力。 本文是一篇广告，属于应用文。主要介绍MacBike 公司在自行车租赁的优势、租赁价目表和城市导览游。 引导考生关注绿色生活、倡导健康出行。 能力提升：限时训练（一） History of the Natural History Museum Tour With stories stretching from Waterhouse to Darwin, you'll get to journey through time and discover more about how the incredible Cathedral of Nature became world­famous. What's more, once the tour is finished, you will have the opportunity to visit the whole museum at your own pace, newly equipped with your behind­the­scenes knowledge. 14：00－15：00 Monday to Friday 2．Which tour can you take if you go to the museum on Monday afternoon? A．Out of Hours Titano Tours. B．Behind the Lens Tour. C．Behind the Scenes Tour: Spirit Collection. D．History of the Natural History Museum Tour. 1:00 0:59 0:58 0:57 0:56 0:55 0:54 0:53 0:52 0:51 0:50 0:49 0:48 0:47 0:46 0:45 0:44 0:43 0:42 0:41 0:40 0:39 0:38 0:37 0:36 0:35 0:34 0:33 0:32 0:31 0:30 0:29 0:28 0:27 0:26 0:25 0:24 0:23 0:22 0:21 0:20 0:19 0:18 0:17 0:16 0:15 0:14 0:13 0:12 0:11 0:10 0:09 0:08 0:07 0:06 0:05 0:04 0:03 0:02 0:01 0:00 张冠李戴 14 Type 1 Direct information 直接信息题 Type 2 Calculation 数字计算题 数字计算细节理解题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算容易。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些暗信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是这类题的关键。 2022年新高考I卷 A篇（选段） 23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date? A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade. C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it. Late Work An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late . If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 考题分析：本题是理解具体信息题，理解晚交论文的后果是什么，考察考生理解文章、提取和推理细节信息的能力。 直击高考：例题精讲（二） 无中生有 无中生有 偷换概念 Save ￡20 off the standard ticket price by purchasing a series ticket to all four talks in the Big Thinkers Series(available on­demand) or purchase a single ticket for just ￡13 per lecture (available by early booking)． 1．How much does a series ticket cost? A．￡13. B．￡20. C．￡30. D．￡32. 能力提升：限时训练（二） a talk =per lecture =￡13 a series ticket =4 talks=￡13×4 13×4−20=32 思维过程 1:00 0:59 0:58 0:57 0:56 0:55 0:54 0:53 0:52 0:51 0:50 0:49 0:48 0:47 0:46 0:45 0:44 0:43 0:42 0:41 0:40 0:39 0:38 0:37 0:36 0:35 0:34 0:33 0:32 0:31 0:30 0:29 0:28 0:27 0:26 0:25 0:24 0:23 0:22 0:21 0:20 0:19 0:18 0:17 0:16 0:15 0:14 0:13 0:12 0:11 0:10 0:09 0:08 0:07 0:06 0:05 0:04 0:03 0:02 0:01 0:00 17 Type 1 Direct information 直接信息题 Type 3 Semantic shift 语义转换 不能直接从原文找到一样的答案，题目信息是原文信息的转换，一般为同义或近义转换，需要过硬的词汇量。 语义转换 acupuncture chiropractic veterinarians Western treatments holistic medicine 整体医药学 2024年新课标Ⅰ卷 B篇(节选) 24．What do some of Farber's co­workers think of him? A．He's odd. B．He's strict. C．He's brave. D．He's rude. “I am not crazy，”says Dr.William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture(针灸) on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his co­workers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh.He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practising “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic(按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. 考题分析：本段描述了William Farber 博士在兽医界使用针灸和其它非西医传统治疗方法时，同事对他的评价。要求考生基于细节提炼出恰当的描述语。 直击高考：例题精讲（三） 近义词 Synonym harmonica Laurie Horam never thought of himself as a musician.At home, his dad never listened to music, and one of his boarding school teachers labelled him tone­deaf. But last month he started to play the harmonica(口琴) on the streets of Bradford. People clapped, danced and threw coins into his case for the local food bank. Horam caught himself thinking，“How, at the age of 79, do I come to be playing music to people on the streets？” 4．Why did Horam play the harmonica on the streets of Bradford? A．To recall the good old days. B．To beg food from passers­by. C．To realize his childhood dream. D．To collect money for charity. 能力提升：限时训练（三） 无中生有 偷换概念 无中生有 理解深层含义 1:00 0:59 0:58 0:57 0:56 0:55 0:54 0:53 0:52 0:51 0:50 0:49 0:48 0:47 0:46 0:45 0:44 0:43 0:42 0:41 0:40 0:39 0:38 0:37 0:36 0:35 0:34 0:33 0:32 0:31 0:30 0:29 0:28 0:27 0:26 0:25 0:24 0:23 0:22 0:21 0:20 0:19 0:18 0:17 0:16 0:15 0:14 0:13 0:12 0:11 0:10 0:09 0:08 0:07 0:06 0:05 0:04 0:03 0:02 0:01 0:00 22 语义转换题阅读策略 同义表达 正确选项的四个特征 同义表达：同义或近义词组复现。 原词或同根词复现。 反义词复现（把原文中的信息反过来表达）。 语言简化：简化原文中的复杂语言现象。 一防范 干扰选项的逼真性 与原文表达非常相近，但存在无中生有、答非所问、半对半错、偷换概念、张冠李戴。 试题命题的隐蔽性更强，解题时要做到“四关注，一防范” Type 1 Direct information 直接信息题 Type 4 Multipoint generalization 多点概括题 题目信息和原文信息有非常大的变化，表面上面目全非，但变化只是外观，本质上还是原文信息的转换，考生需要透过现象抓住本质。 2023年新课标I卷 C篇（节选） 31.What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A. Use them as needed B. Recommend them to friends C. Evaluate their effects D. Identify the ideas behind them The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters,I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices,which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. 无中生有 无中生有 答非所问 直击高考：例题精讲（四） 抓原文关键词，提炼概括 1:00 0:59 0:58 0:57 0:56 0:55 0:54 0:53 0:52 0:51 0:50 0:49 0:48 0:47 0:46 0:45 0:44 0:43 0:42 0:41 0:40 0:39 0:38 0:37 0:36 0:35 0:34 0:33 0:32 0:31 0:30 0:29 0:28 0:27 0:26 0:25 0:24 0:23 0:22 0:21 0:20 0:19 0:18 0:17 0:16 0:15 0:14 0:13 0:12 0:11 0:10 0:09 0:08 0:07 0:06 0:05 0:04 0:03 0:02 0:01 0:00 In2007, a Chicago historian and collector, John Maloof, came across Maier’s work by accident after purchasing a box of tens of thousands of undeveloped negatives for $380 at auction(拍卖).As he developed them, Maloof realized they were more than just photos. He was looking at evocative(唤起回忆的)art illustrating the Chicago of the mid-20th century that nobody had ever seen. Maloof worked to uncover who the photographer was, acquiring more and more of her work. But before he could locate her, Maier had already passed away in 2009, having slipped on ice and never recovering from her head injury. While Maloof researched , Maier’s work, More details emerged. She kept to herself, her employers said, and she would spend her free days taking photos on the streets of Chicago with a camera. According to Maloof, the children Maier took care of knew she was constantly taking photos, yet she never showed her photos to anyone . Maier also traveled around the world, as indicated by some of her photos. Other collectors began to acquire Maier’s photos, but Maloof owns a lot of her work. He released a book, Vivian Maier: Street Photographer, in 2011, and his documentary, Finding Vivian Maier, came out in 2013. 3.What did Maloof do after he found Maier’s photos? A He approached Maier’s former employers. B He managed to meet the artist in the flesh. C He released a collection of Maier’s work. D He purchased more developed negatives. 半对半错 张冠李戴 信息错误 能力提升：限时训练（四） 信息细节——多点概括 Tips： 1) 分析题干时，根据问题所涉及的方面，找相应句、段 2) 比对时，对散落在文章不同处的信息源，不厌其烦的一一比对 3) 综合概括时，理清描述线索和各个层次的细节信息，综合分析所提供的信息源确定答案，既不能断章取义，也不能张冠李戴。 Hello,Mars! 10. Which is NOT the challenge for living on Mars? A. A thin atmosphere exposes people to harmful radiation. B. High temperature makes unprotected human's blood boil. C. Little air pressure causes liquids to turn into gas quickly. D.A long period of isolation may affect physical health. For this unique commission, the architects first had to overcome the immense challenges of creating a design to make the severe environment of Mars habitable.Mars has a thin atmosphere and no global magnetic field, so there's little protection from harmful radiation. Temperature is another problem —the average temperature on Mars is chilly—63 degrees centigrade. The thin atmosphere also means there's little air pressure,so liquids quickly evaporate into gas; despite freezing temperatures, an unprotected human's blood would boil on Mars. But according to Jonathan Eastwood,director of the Space Lab at Imperial College London,the biggest challenge in terms of sustained presence on Mars is not the engineering or scientific challenge, but the human and personal one. More research needs to be done to test the effects of isolation on mental and physical health of astronauts. 能力提升：限时训练（五） Tips:细节题都是以对原文信息的改写，因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项做比较，以文章为立足点，绝对不能“想的太多” =零下63°C 1:00 0:59 0:58 0:57 0:56 0:55 0:54 0:53 0:52 0:51 0:50 0:49 0:48 0:47 0:46 0:45 0:44 0:43 0:42 0:41 0:40 0:39 0:38 0:37 0:36 0:35 0:34 0:33 0:32 0:31 0:30 0:29 0:28 0:27 0:26 0:25 0:24 0:23 0:22 0:21 0:20 0:19 0:18 0:17 0:16 0:15 0:14 0:13 0:12 0:11 0:10 0:09 0:08 0:07 0:06 0:05 0:04 0:03 0:02 0:01 0:00 How to deal with detailed reading? Step1：Find the __________ of the question. Step2：___________ the relevant information in the text through skimming and scanning. Step3: Compare the information and determine the answer. Conclusion key words Locate 添加标题 29 细节理解题 Direct information Multipoint generalization Semantic shift Calculation 无 中 生 有 问 所 非 答 冠 李 戴 张 错 半 半 对 偷 换 概 念 Indirect information Tips Step 1: read the question and find out ___________; Step 2: locate the relevant information (_______________________________) in the text; Step 3: use the 3 features of correct options and determine the answer; Simplification 简化原文信息 The change of the grammatical voice/parts of speech 词性/语态变化 无中生有 Synonym近义词 4 typical mistakes 偷换概念，张冠李戴 答非所问 半对半错 key words synonym, antonym and paraphrase 添加标题 31 Type 1 Direct information 直接信息题 Homework： 作业二选一： （一）提高型：完成专题跟踪训练P150页C篇 （二）精练型：信息细节题精练 Further research is needed to better understand the interaction of these genetic pathways before corn varieties can be developed with more drought-resistant root systems, but the findings highlight the significance of studying these localized responses at root tips, researchers said. ①What does the last paragraph suggest future research do? A. Prioritize development of new corn varieties. B. Work out the mechanisms of genetic interactions. C. Concentrate merely on localized root responses. D. Expand practical applications of hydroputterning. The meeting will pair students with volunteer apprentice (学徒) teachers. Lawyers, hair stylists, and software developers will meet up with students who have selected their occupations as the ones they would most like to learn, about. Spark apprenticeships provide workplace experiences that bring economically disadvantaged teens into contact with a world they have probably only imagined. ②How does Spark help the students? A. By updating teaching equipment. B.By offering bands-on experiences. C.By financing young apprentices. D. By improving school curricula. Type 1 Direct inormation 直接信息题 Know your strengths, And don't be afraid to take educated guesses! May your dreams come true in the College Entrance Exams, And may you shine on the honor roll! $$