Unit 3 Fascinating parks 动词 - ing 形式作主语-练习 2025-2026学年人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册

( 单元核心语法·精练 ) 选必一 Unit 3 Fascinating parks （动词 - ing 形式作主语） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、动名词的构成及形式变化 用法介绍 动名词由 “动词原形 + ing” 构成，兼具动词和名词性质，可根据动作的时间、语态及否定意义呈现不同形式，是第三单元语法的基础内容。 形式类型 构成规则 示例（括号内为动作关系说明） 一般式 doing（与谓语动作同时发生） She likes singing（唱歌与喜欢同时存在）. 完成式 having done（先于谓语动作发生） He regretted having lied（撒谎在后悔之前）. 被动式 being done（表被动动作） Being laughed at（被嘲笑） made him sad. 完成被动式 having been done（先于谓语的被动动作） Having been praised（被表扬在感到开心之前）, she felt happy. 否定式 not + 动名词 He suggested not leaving（不离开） early. 注意事项 1. 形式与意义匹配：完成式强调 “先于谓语动作”，被动式强调 “动作承受”，需根据语境选择（如错误：He denied to take it. 表 “否认做过” 应为：He denied having taken it.）。 2. 与现在分词的形式共性：动名词和现在分词均为 “doing” 形式，需通过功能判断（如 “Swimming is fun.” 中 swimming 是动名词（作主语）；“Swimming girl” 中 swimming 是现在分词（作定语））。 二、动名词的功能及典型用法 用法介绍 动名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，体现名词性特征，核心功能如下： 类型 用法说明 示例 作主语 表抽象、习惯性动作，可直接作主语或用 it 作形式主语 Reading（阅读） broadens the mind. It’s worthwhile discussing（讨论） the plan. 作宾语 接在及物动词（如 admit, avoid）或介词后 He avoids meeting（见面） her. She’s good at dancing（跳舞）. 作表语 说明主语的具体内容，可与主语互换位置 My hobby is gardening（园艺）. = Gardening（园艺） is my hobby. 作定语 表被修饰词的用途或功能 a washing（洗衣用的） machine a fishing（钓鱼用的） rod 注意事项 1. 固定搭配记忆：部分动词后只能接动名词（如 enjoy, mind, practice），不可接不定式（如错误：He practices to play piano. 正确：He practices playing piano.）。 2. 介词后的动名词：所有介词（包括短语介词如 look forward to）后必须用动名词（如错误：I’m used to get up early. 正确：I’m used to getting up early.）。 三、动名词作主语的具体用法 用法介绍 动名词作主语是第三单元的核心应用场景，主要表抽象、习惯性动作，可通过直接作主语或借助形式主语 it 呈现，需结合句式和语义选择恰当形式。 用法类型 具体规则 示例 直接作主语 置于句首，表单一、明确的抽象动作 Studying（学习） requires patience. Traveling（旅行） enriches life. it 作形式主语 用 “It + be + 形容词 / 名词 + doing” 结构，避免头重脚轻 It’s important finishing（完成） the task on time. It’s a waste of time arguing（争论） with him. 并列动名词作主语 用 and 连接多个动名词，表并列动作 Reading and writing（阅读和写作） are basic skills. Running and swimming（跑步和游泳） keep him fit. 注意事项 1. 主谓一致：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数（如错误：Watching movies are relaxing. 正确：Watching movies is relaxing.）；并列动名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 2. 与不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语表 “习惯性、抽象性”，不定式作主语表 “具体性、一次性”（如 “Swimming is good for health.”（习惯） vs. “To swim tomorrow is my plan.”（具体））。 3. 避免冗余：不可在动名词前加多余代词（如错误：It’s useful we reading this book. 正确：It’s useful reading this book. 或 It’s useful for us to read this book.）。 一、单句语法填空题：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．（23-24高二上·黑龙江·期中）The real joy in life is in the process of doing something. (seize) the moment can let you enjoy your life. 【答案】Seizing/To seize 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：生活中真正的快乐是在做某事的过程中。抓住这一刻可以让你享受生活。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词作主语，根据句意可知，此处既可以用动词不定式作主语表示具体的或者未完成的事，也可以用动名词短语作主语表示抽象的，已知的事或者经验，所以应填seizing或者to seize，放句首时首字母大写。故填Seizing/To seize。 2．（23-24高二上·广东东莞·期中） (motivate) students to learn is a teacher’s top responsibility. 【答案】Motivating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：激励学生学习是教师的首要责任。分析句子可知，本句缺少主语，所以空处应填动名词作主语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Motivating。 3．（23-24高二上·江苏盐城·期中） (spend) some time in the gym is of vital importance to our health. 【答案】Spending 【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：在体育馆花一些时间对我们的身体至关重要。此处作主语，应用动名词，表示已知的事情，故填Spending。 4．（23-24高二上·广东惠州·期中） (find) ways to grow more rice has been his goal since then. 【答案】Finding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从那时起，找到种植更多水稻的方法一直是他的目标。分析知，本句缺少主语，所以空处应填动名词作主语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Finding。 5．（24-25高二上·吉林·期中） (stretch) before exercise is crucial for preventing injuries. 【答案】Stretching 【详解】考查动名词。句意：运动前的拉伸对防止受伤至关重要。此处为非谓语动词作主语，结合句意，此处描述的是经常性的动作，所以此处使用动名词形式作主语，stretch意为“伸展”符合句意，且表示主动意义，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Stretching。 6．（24-25高二上·广东江门·阶段练习）It’s no use (look) forward to hearing from her soon. 【答案】looking 【详解】考查动名词。句意：期待很快收到她的信是没有用的。it’s no use doing sth为固定表达，动名词形式作真正主语。it作形式主语。故填looking。 7．（24-25高二上·四川成都·期中）It is worthwhile (invest) your time in a foreign language when international communication is becoming increasingly important. 【答案】to invest/investing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当国际交流变得越来越重要的时候，花时间学习一门外语是值得的。此处为固定句型“it is worthwhile to do/doing sth.”意为“做某事是值得的”符合句意，由此可知，此处为动词不定式形式或者动名词形式作主语。故填to invest/investing。 8．（24-25高二上·福建漳州·期中）It’s a waste of time (talk) about such useless things. 【答案】talking 【详解】考查动名词。句意：谈论这些无用的事情是浪费时间。It’s a waste of time doing sth.“做……是浪费时间的”。it为形式主语，动名词为真正的主语。故填talking。 9．（23-24高二上·四川成都·期中）It is no use (wait) for the rain to stop; we should grab our umbrellas and go. 【答案】waiting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：等雨停是没有用的；我们应该抓起雨伞走。it is no use doing sth是固定句型，动名词作真正主语。故填waiting。 10．（22-23高二上·山东济宁·期中） (blame) by the manager made the librarian very sad. 【答案】Being blamed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被经理责备使这位图书管理员很伤心。“_____ (blame) by the manager”在句中作主语，所以用动名词形式。根据句中“by the manager”以及句意可知这位图书管理员因为被经理责备而伤心，设空处应填动词blame动名词的被动形式being blamed，表示“被责备”；设空处置于句首，首字母大写。故填Being blamed。 11．（23-24高二上·广东湛江·期中） (commit) herself to scientific research has earned TuYouyou respect from people. 【答案】Committing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：致力于科学研究为屠呦呦赢得了人们的尊敬。分析句子可知，空处和空后的herself to scientific research搭配，作句子的主语，是非谓语动词，且此处说明的是一件已知的事实，因此应用commit的动名词形式，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Committing。 12．（23-24高二上·福建福州·期中）The students’ (adopt) a positive attitude will help them learn effectively. 【答案】adopting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生采取积极的态度将有助于他们有效地学习。作主语，与名词所有格构成动名词的复合结构，故填adopting。 13．（23-24高二上·福建厦门·期中）His (admit) to that famous university surprised us all for he was absent from school for a whole year. 【答案】admission/being admitted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他被那所著名的大学录取让我们都很惊讶，因为他缺课整整一年。此处作主语，可以使用名词admission或动名词，且admit与he的逻辑动宾关系，应用动名词的被动语态。故填admission或being admitted。 14．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）For stars like him, (recognise) in public places can bring them trouble. 【答案】being recognised 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对于像他这样的明星来说，在公共场合被认出会给他们带来麻烦。空处和空后的in public places搭配，作句子的主语，是非谓语，此处介绍的是普通的、一般的行为，因此应用recognise“认出”的动名词形式，且recognise和stars逻辑上是被动关系，因此用动名词的被动语态。故填being recognised。 15．（24-25高二上·福建福州·期中） (not inform) about the changes in policy has led to confusion among the staff. 【答案】Not being informed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：没有被告知政策的变化导致了工作人员之间产生了混乱。本句缺少主语，所以空处应填动名词形式作主语，inform与其逻辑主语staff之间是被动关系，所以需用动名词的被动形式，非谓语动词表示否定，直接在其前加not，首字母大写。故填Not being informed。 二、完成句子 1. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期中）即使是在最好的时期靠种地生活也是很艰难的。 the land was hard enough at the best of times. 【答案】 Living off 【详解】考查固定短语和动名词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“靠……生活”，是固定短语live off，空格处用动名词作主语，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，因此空格处是Living，off。故填Living，off。 2. （24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）在无路的沙瑞克徒步穿越山脉是一项挑战，但也很吸引人。 through the mountains in the pathless Sarek is yet really fascinating. 【答案】 Hiking challenging 【详解】考查动名词和形容词。对比中英文句子可知，第一空意为“徒步”，第二空意为“有挑战性的”，“徒步”是hike，空格处用动名词作主语，位于句首的单词首字母大写；第二空用形容词作表语，“有挑战性的”的形容词是challenging。故填Hiking，challenging。 3. （21-22高二上·广东惠州·期中）As we all know, with our friends is an important part of friendship. 总所周知，与朋友保持联系是友谊的重要组成部分。 【答案】 keeping in touch 【详解】考查固定短语和动名词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“与……保持联系”，是固定短语keep in touch，分析句子结构可知，空格处用动名词作主语，因此空格处是keeping in touch，故填①keeping；②in；③touch。 4. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期中）和他争辩这件事是浪费时间的。(动词-ing形式作主语) It is a waste of time about the matter. 【答案】arguing with him 【详解】考查动词。结合句意表示“和他争辩”短语为argue with him，此处为动名词作主语，故填arguing with him。 5. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期中）与我们的朋友保持联系是友谊的重要组成部分。 with our friends is an important part of friendship. 【答案】 Keeping in touch 【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用动词短语keep in touch with“和……保持联系”，作主语，应用动词名词形式。故填①Keeping；②in；③touch。 6. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期中）劝说这种如此固执的人改变主意是没用的。（非谓语） It’s of no use a stubborn person . 【答案】 trying to persuade such to change his mind 【详解】考查固定句型和动词短语。根据汉语可知，表达“试图/想要劝说某人做某事”，用“try to persuade sb. to do sth”结构表达，且“it’s of no use doing sth”为固定句式，表示“做某事没有用”，该句型中“doing sth”为真正的主语，“it”为形式主语，故“try”用动名词形式“trying”；“sb.”为“如此固执的人”，用“such a stubborn person”表达。所以设空1填“trying to persuade such”。“to do sth”对应设空2“改变主意”，用短语“change one’s mind”表达，“one’s”用“his”，因此设空2应填“to change his mind”。故填①trying to persuade such；②to change his mind。 7. （21-22高二上·福建漳州·期中）朗读是学习语言的一个好办法。 aloud a good way learning a language. 【答案】 Reading is of 【详解】考查时态、动名词和介词。此句陈述事实，用一般现在时；朗读”为动词短语read aloud，在句中作主语，用动名词形式reading aloud，第一空位于句首，首字母大写，填Reading；“是”为系动词be，动名词短语reading aloud作主语，谓语动词为第三人称单数，第二空填is；“……的办法”表达为way of doing sth，第三空填介词of。故答案为①Reading；②is；③of。 8. （21-22高二上·福建厦门·期中）It’s no good a man like him (和他这样的人争论). （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】arguing with 【详解】考查固定句式和短语。固定句式：It's no good doing sth.“做某事没有意义”，结合汉语提示，此处要用“争论”，短语：arguing with sb.“与某人争论”，根据句式，所以此处填arguing with。故填arguing with。 9. （21-22高二上·福建三明·期中）卷入新兴的经营是有风险的，但它也可能会获得利润。 a new and emerging business can be risky and also be profitable. 【答案】 Getting involved in 【详解】考查动名词作主语和动词短语。表示“卷入”用动词短语get involved in；该句是动名词短语作主语。故答案为Getting involved in。 10. （22-23高二上·浙江宁波·期中）进行眼神交流是一种很有效的方式来打破跟陌生人之间的壁垒。 is an effective way to between strangers. 【答案】 Making eye contact break down barriers 【详解】考查动词短语。“进行眼神交流”使用动词短语make eye contact，此处作主语，应用动名词形式；“打破”使用动词短语break down，第四空前的to是不定式符号，故break使用原形；“壁垒”使用名词barrier，barrier是可数名词，此处使用复数形式。故填①Making②eye③contact④break⑤down⑥barriers。 11. （22-23高二上·广东惠州·期中）在国外学习期间，与家人保持联系成了他生活中的一部分。 family regularly has become part of his life while studying abroad. 【答案】 Keeping in touch with 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。对比中英文句子，空处涉及固定短语keep in touch with“与……保持联系”，作句子主语，应用动名词形式。故填Keeping；in；touch；with。 12. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期中）整天在床上睡觉没有好处。 It’s no good all day. 【答案】 sleeping in bed 【详解】考查动词短语和固定句型。It’s no good doing...是固定句型，其中it是形式主语，动名词作真正的主语；“在床上睡觉”可用动词短语sleep in bed表示，用动名词作主语。固填sleeping；in；bed。 13. （22-23高二上·福建福州·期中）身处这样一个美丽而荒凉的地方，我感到活着是幸运的。 in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel to be alive. 【答案】 Being blessed 【详解】考查动名词和形容词。根据句意以及句子结构可知， in such a beautiful and wild place这一部分为句子的主语部分，空后为介词短语，此处应用be的动名词形式作主语，表示“处于”，位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Being；该句第二空由空前feel系动词可知，应用形容词blessed“幸运的”作表语。故分别填Being；blessed。 14. （24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）课外活动可以给我们快乐，帮助我们放松自己，其中打篮球是我的最爱。 After­class activities can give us amusement and help us to relax ourselves, . 【答案】among which playing basketball is my favourite 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意可知，空处应用定语从句，修饰先行词Afterclass activities，表示“其中”应用介词among，在非限制性定语从句中缺少介词among后的宾语，且先行词Afterclass activities表示物，所以应用关系代词which。从句主语“打篮球”应用动词短语play basketball，此处作主语应用动名词形式，根据句中can可知，句子描述现在的一般事实，应用一般现在时，动名词作主语，系动词应用is，表语“我的最爱”应用my favourite。故填among which playing basketball is my favourite。 15. （24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）适当地使用肢体语言可以帮助你打破沟通障碍。 body language appropriately can help you communication barriers. 【答案】 Employing/Using (to) break down 【详解】考查动名词和动词短语。分析句子可知，表示“使用”可用employ或者use，为动词，在这里应用动名词形式作主语，且句首时首字母应大写；表示“打破”应用break down，为动词短语，而这里考查help sb (to) do，表“帮助某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故填Employing/Using；(to) break down。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·全国·单元测试）Ciudad Perdida, Colombia’s “Lost City” is older than Machu Picchu (马丘比丘古城). There are no trains or buses allowing of easy travels to reach its ruins. The chance of getting there is merely 1 on foot:a tiring hike lasting several days nonstop. Despite this, I couldn’t 2 the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida. Twelve other hikers and I went there in 3 with a licensed guide. The dirt path, which 4 through towering palms and dangling vines (藤蔓), proved 5 right from the start. It’s suggested that hikers have good physical 6 , as the journey is difficult. Horses helped to carry basic 7 like food to the cottages where we would sleep. Along the way we also met the 8 . They have been left undisturbed for centuries and there’s a deep 9 between them and the land. The next morning, we were off early to 10 the heat, but high temperatures and muscle pain had already 11 by the time we reached the final stage — 1, 200 stone steps to 12 . Finally, my eyes rested on the splendid scene that had 13 the hard journey to Ciudad Perdida, after lifting my painful body up the long flight of stairs. The beautiful site below amazed me. While the return trip included 14 the mental barrier of having already achieved our goal, the experience is the one I would do again. It is the difficulty that makes the journey a more 15 one. Earned views are always better. 1. A．dangerous B．impressive C．identical D．available 2. A．resist B．obtain C．promote D．employ 3. A．comparison B．combination C．company D．communication 4. A．buried B．swung C．wound D．leaked 5. A．disappointing B．embarrassing C．challenging D．amazing 6. A．character B．fitness C．independence D．confidence 7. A．equipment B．furniture C．possessions D．supplies 8. A．natives B．visitors C．guides D．drivers 9. A．conflict B．distance C．bond D．belief 10. A．reduce B．avoid C．lower D．detect 11. A．set in B．cut off C．watched out D．gave in 12. A．cover B．catch C．display D．explore 13. A．predicted B．convinced C．motivated D．evaluated 14. A．overcoming B．memorizing C．observing D．witnessing 15. A．luxurious B．relevant C．flexible D．rewarding 【答案】 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章描述了作者和另外12名徒步旅行者在一位持牌导游的陪同下去Ciudad Perdida的经历。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到达那里的机会仅仅是步行：一个累人的徒步旅行持续几天不间断。A. dangerous危险的；B. impressive印象深刻的；C. identical完全相同的；D. available可到达的，可得到的。根据上文“There are no trains or buses allowing of easy travels to reach its ruins.(没有火车或公共汽车可以方便地到达它的废墟)”以及空后“on foot”可知，只有步行才能到达Ciudad Perdida，故选D。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，我还是无法抗拒参观Ciudad Perdida的机会。A. resist抵挡，忍住；B. obtain获得；C. promote提升；D. employ雇用。根据下文“Twelve other hikers and I went there”可知，虽然只有步行才能到达，作者还是无法抗拒参观Ciudad Perdida的机会，故选A。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和另外12名徒步旅行者在一位持牌导游的陪同下去了那里。A. comparison比较；B. combination结合；C. company陪伴；D. communication交流。根据“a licensed guide”可知，作者和另外12名徒步旅行者在一名持牌导游的陪同下去Ciudad Perdida，故选C。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这条泥泞的小路蜿蜒在高耸的棕榈树和悬垂的藤蔓之间，从一开始就充满了挑战。A. buried埋葬；B. swung摇摆；C. wound蜿蜒，曲折；D. leaked泄漏。which指代先行词“The dirt path”，结合空后“through towering palms and dangling vines(藤蔓)”可知，小路蜿蜒在高耸的棕榈树和悬垂的藤蔓之间，故选C。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. embarrassing令人尴尬的；C. challenging有挑战的；D. amazing令人惊奇的。根据上文“The dirt path, which ___4___ through towering palms and dangling vines(藤蔓)”以及下文“as the journey is difficult”可知，这段旅程一开始就充满挑战，故选C。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于路途艰难，建议徒步旅行者有良好的身体素质。A. character性格；B. fitness健康；C. independence独立；D. confidence信心。根据“as the journey is difficult”可知，由于路途艰难，建议徒步旅行者有良好的身体素质。故选B。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：马帮忙把食物等基本生活用品运送到我们睡觉的小屋。A. equipment设备；B. furniture家具；C. possessions财产；D. supplies储备，补给品。根据“like food”可知，此处指生活用品，故选D。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一路上我们还遇到了当地人。A. natives当地人；B. visitors游客；C. guides导游；D. drivers司机。根据“They have been left undisturbed for centuries”可知，作者遇到了当地人，故选A。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个世纪以来，他们一直没有受到打扰，他们与这片土地之间有着深厚的联系。A. conflict冲突；B. distance距离；C. bond纽带，联系；D. belief信念。根据“They have been left undisturbed for centuries”和语境可知，当地人一直生活在这里，未受到外界打扰，和这片土地应是有深厚的感情，故选C。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，为了避免高温，我们早早就出发了，但当我们到达最后一个阶段时，高温和肌肉疼痛已经开始了——我们要走1200个石头台阶。A. reduce减少；B. avoid避免；C. lower降低；D. detect发现，查明。根据“we were off earl”以及“high temperatures”可知，作者早早出发是为了避免高温，故选B。 11. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. set in（雨、恶劣天气等）到来，开始；B. cut off切断；C. watched out小心；D. gave in屈服。根据转折词but以及下文“by the time we reached the final stage — 1, 200 stone steps to ___12___.”可知，作者一行人为了避免高温早早出发，但是到最后高温和肌肉酸痛还是开始了，故选A。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. cover行走（一段距离）；B. catch抓住；C. display展示；D. explore探索。根据“1, 200 stone steps”可知，此处指走1200个石头台阶，故选A。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：终于，我的目光落在了壮丽的景色上，我抬起痛苦的身体，爬上了长长的楼梯，这景色曾激励我艰难地来到Ciudad Perdida。A. predicted预测；B. convinced使信服；C. motivated激励；D. evaluated评价。根据“after lifting my painful body up the long flight of stairs”可知，美景激励着作者继续艰难的旅程，故选C。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然回程包括克服已经实现目标的心理障碍，但这次经历是我愿意再次经历的。A. overcoming克服；B. memorizing记住；C. observing观察；D. witnessing目击。根据“the mental barrier”可知，此处指克服心理障碍，故选A。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正是困难让旅程变得更有意义。A. luxurious奢侈的；B. relevant相关的；C. flexible灵活的；D. rewarding值得的，有意义的。根据上文“the experience is the one I would do again”以及下文“Earned views are always better.”可知，正是困难让旅程变得更有意义。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）I work for a non-profit organization that serves children with disabilities. A particular 1 made me appreciate it even more. Last Friday we took the children to an amusement park. I was 2 with three girls who all had Down’s syndrome (唐氏综合征). They were having a great time, regardless of the 3 and looks from people around us. The girls were 4 and screaming in excitement on a roller-coaster ride when a young woman patted me on the shoulder. She politely told me that she 5 the girls had Down’s syndrome. I told her the situation. I couldn’t 6 what she next said to me. She 7 me that she had just had a baby who was diagnosed (诊断) with Down’s syndrome, and that she had been most worried if her baby would be able to experience joy and live a life full of 8 . She then went on to say that watching these girls made her relieved, because she saw how happy they were. Then, she 9 me for talking to her and giving her the best gift she could ask for, 10 . I am so 11 that these three amazing girls were able to make this mother feel a sense of 12 . They gave her the hope and 13 that her baby will live a happy life. Every time I think about this, I can’t help but 14 . These kids that I am so 15 to work with and their smiling faces are major reasons why I smile. 1. A．experience B．survey C．job D．theory 2. A．travelling B．quarrelling C．working D．studying 3. A．praise B．applause C．jokes D．stares 4. A．watching B．throwing C．laughing D．thinking 5. A．detected B．expected C．announced D．ignored 6. A．confirm B．accept C．suppose D．believe 7. A．warned B．reminded C．informed D．questioned 8. A．happiness B．freedom C．worry D．success 9. A．excused B．charged C．blamed D．thanked 10. A．peace B．promise C．hope D．wealth 11. A．confused B．delighted C．guilty D．satisfied 12. A．disappointment B．relief C．desperation D．responsibility 13. A．knowledge B．fear C．suggestion D．fact 14. A．apologize B．cry C．jump D．smile 15. A．ashamed B．tired C．fortunate D．kind 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一个为残疾孩子服务的非营利性组织工作，一次带着孩子们在游乐园游玩时，作者遇到一位刚生下同样病症孩子的母亲，这位母亲看到这些女孩的快乐后，感到宽慰并获得了希望。作者对能帮助这些孩子感到很幸运，更加深入地认识到这份工作的意义。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一次特殊的经历使我更加欣赏它。A. experience经历；B. survey调查；C. job工作；D. theory理论。根据下文叙述的作者带着三个女孩游玩，偶遇一个唐氏综合征婴儿的母亲，与她谈话可知，这次经历让作者更加欣赏自己的工作。故选A。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我帮助三个患有唐氏综合征的女孩。A. travelling旅行；B. quarrelling争吵；C. working从事帮助（某人或某群体）的工作；D. studying学习。根据下文“These kids that I am so ____15____ to work with”可知，作者是帮助三个患有唐氏综合征的女孩。故选C。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们玩得很开心，不管周围人的注视和表情。A. praise赞扬；B. applause掌声；C. jokes笑话；D. stares注视。根据上文“three girls who all had Down’s syndrome (唐氏综合征)”和下文“and looks from people around us”可推知，这三个患有唐氏综合征的女孩在玩耍的时候，应该是引起了周围人的注视和异样的表情。故选D。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：女孩们正在坐过山车，兴奋得又笑又叫，这时一个年轻女士拍了拍我的肩膀。A. watching观看；B. throwing投掷；C. laughing笑；D. thinking思考。根据下文“and screaming in excitement on a roller-coaster ride”可知，她们很兴奋，因此是又笑又叫。故选C。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她礼貌地告诉我，她发现女孩们患有唐氏综合征。A. detected发现；B. expected预期；C. announced宣布；D. ignored忽视。根据下文“I told her the situation.”可知，作者告诉了这位女士女孩们的情况，由此推知，这位女士应该是礼貌地告诉作者自己的发现。故选A。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我简直不敢相信她接下来对我说的话。A. confirm确认；B. accept接受；C. suppose假设；D. believe相信。根据下文“She then went on to say that watching these girls made her relieved, because she saw how happy they were.”可知，这位女士告诉作者这些女孩让她松了一口气，她不再过分担心自己的孩子无法体验快乐，因此作者是不敢相信她接下来说的话。故选D。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我，她刚刚生下了一个被诊断患有唐氏综合征的孩子，她最担心的是她的孩子能否体验到快乐，能否过上幸福的生活。A. warned警告；B. reminded提醒；C. informed告知；D. questioned询问。根据下文“me that she had just had a baby who was diagnosed (诊断) with Down’s syndrome, and that she had been most worried if her baby would be able to experience joy and live a life full of ____8____”可推知，这应该是这位女士告诉作者的情况。故选C。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我，她刚刚生下了一个被诊断患有唐氏综合征的孩子，她最担心的是她的孩子能否体验到快乐，能否过上幸福的生活。A. happiness幸福；B. freedom自由；C. worry担忧；D. success成功。根据下文“She then went on to say that watching these girls made her relieved, because she saw how happy they were.”可知，这些快乐的女孩子让这位母亲松了一口气，因此她担心的是她的孩子能否过上幸福的生活。故选A。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，她感谢我和她交谈，并给了她所能要求的最好的礼物：希望。A. excused原谅；B. charged指控；C. blamed责备；D. thanked感谢。根据下文“me for talking to her and giving her the best gift she could ask for”可知，作者给了这位女士她所能要求的最好的礼物，因此是对作者表示感谢。故选D。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，她感谢我和她交谈，并给了她所能要求的最好的礼物：希望。A. peace和平；B. promise承诺；C. hope希望；D. wealth财富。根据上文“She then went on to say that watching these girls made her relieved, because she saw how happy they were.”可知，这些患有唐氏综合征的女孩也可以很快乐，会让这位母亲对自己的孩子的未来充满了希望。故选C。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴这三个了不起的女孩能够让这位母亲感到宽慰。A. confused困惑的；B. delighted高兴的；C. guilty内疚的；D. satisfied满意的。根据上文“She then went on to say that watching these girls made her relieved”可知，这些女孩让这位女士松了一口气，因此作者会感到高兴。故选B。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴这三个了不起的女孩能够让这位母亲感到宽慰。A. disappointment失望；B. relief宽慰；C. desperation绝望；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“She then went on to say that watching these girls made her relieved”可知，这三个了不起的女孩让这位母亲感到宽慰。故选B。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们给了她希望，让她知道她的宝宝会过上幸福的生活。A. knowledge知道，了解；B. fear恐惧；C. suggestion建议；D. fact事实。根据上文“because she saw how happy they were”可知，这三个女孩快乐的样子会让这位母亲知道她的宝宝会过上幸福的生活。故选A。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次想到这个，我就忍不住微笑。A. apologize道歉；B. cry哭泣；C. jump跳跃；D. smile微笑。根据下文“their smiling faces are major reasons why I smile”可知，每次想到这个，作者就忍不住微笑。故选D。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：能帮助这些孩子我感到很幸运，她们的笑脸是我微笑的主要原因。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. tired疲倦的；C. fortunate幸运的；D. kind善良的。根据下文“their smiling faces are major reasons why I smile”可知，这些孩子的笑脸让作者微笑，作者是因为自己能帮助这些孩子们而感到幸运。故选C。 Passage 3 （20-21高二上·江苏扬州·期中）Nougat and Clarence became best friends almost as soon as Nougat moved into the retirement home. Nougat likes to rest his head on the back of Clarence as often as he gets the 1 . The dogs live at Vintage Pet Rescue, a non-profit organization that 2 elder animals from local shelters (收容所) that are 3 to find a new home. The organization aims to give dogs a comfortable, loving environment at the 4 of their lives. Kristen Peralta, the founder of Vintage Pet Rescue, takes care of 27 mostly senior dogs. While she and her husband have unofficially been 5 older dogs for some time, Peralta turned her passion into a full-time job in 2017. In some ways, elder dogs may be less 6 to care for because they prefer sitting still than little ones. But their futures aren’t always so 7 . There are many organizations, like Peralta’s, 8 on rescuing elderly pets and giving them protection outside of animal shelters, in part because senior dogs in shelters have a(n) 9 rate of just 25 percent, while younger dogs have a 60 percent rate. A life spent 10 two dozen older dogs can be very busy. Peralta 11 vet appointments at least once a week, gives out individual medications and does a lot of bathing and petting. But the work is rewarding, and she thinks it’s helping to show more and more people are beginning to 12 just how special senior dogs are. “You can just tell how much they 13 it when they’re helped in trouble,” Peralta said. “They’re 14 that they’re with you and you love them. It’s so special to know that you saved a dog’s life and that you’re going to make a 15 to the rest of its life.” 1. A．idea B．mercy C．chance D．point 2. A．takes in B．takes along C．takes off D．takes over 3. A．committed B．unlikely C．lucky D．familiar 4. A．beginning B．bottom C．edge D．end 5. A．surrounding B．rescuing C．inviting D．contributing 6. A．efficient B．risky C．difficult D．valuable 7. A．reliable B．negative C．different D．bright 8. A．succeeding B．insisting C．resulting D．specializing 9. A．death B．adaptation C．survival D．crime 10. A．looking after B．bringing in C．relying on D．toying with 11. A．adjusts B．impresses C．schedules D．indicates 12. A．adopt B．agree C．explore D．realize 13. A．appreciate B．consume C．comfort D．support 14. A．hopeful B．surprised C．sorrowful D．doubtful 15. A．decision B．living C．fortune D．difference 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. A 15. D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个名为“Vintage Pet Rescue”的非盈利组织，从当地的收容所接收那些不太可能找到新家的老年动物，目的是在狗生命的最后一刻，给它们一个舒适、充满爱的环境。并介绍了创始人Kristen Peralta对于照顾老年狗这一行为的一些看法。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Nougat喜欢一有机会就把头靠在Clarence的背上。A. idea想法；B. mercy仁慈；C. chance机会；D. point关键点。上文提到Nougat和Clarence是好朋友，所以Nougat喜欢一有机会就把头靠在Clarence的背上。get the chance“得到机会”。故选C。 2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些狗住在Vintage Pet Rescue，这是一个非盈利组织，从当地的收容所接收那些不太可能找到新家的老年动物。A. takes in接收，理解；B. takes along随身携带；C. takes off起飞；D. takes over接管。根据后文“elder animals from local shelters”可知Vintage Pet Rescue从当地的收容所接收老年动物。故选A。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些狗住在Vintage Pet Rescue，这是一个非盈利组织，从当地的收容所接收那些不太可能找到新家的老年动物。A. committed坚定的；B. unlikely不太可能的；C. lucky幸运的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据后文“to find a new home”结合常识可知老年动物因为年龄大了，不太可能找到新家。故选B。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该组织的目的是在狗生命的最后一刻，给它们一个舒适、充满爱的环境。A. beginning开始；B. bottom底部；C. edge边缘；D. end结束。上文提到接收的都是老年动物，即在这些老年动物生命的最后一刻，给它们一个舒适、充满爱的环境。at the end of“在……结束时”。故选D。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然佩拉尔塔和丈夫非正式地救助老年狗已有一段时间了，但在2017年，佩拉尔塔把这份热情变成了一份全职工作。A. surrounding围绕；B. rescuing救助；C. inviting邀请；D. contributing贡献。根据上文“takes care of 27 mostly senior dogs”可知佩拉尔塔和丈夫都在救助老年狗。后文“rescuing elderly pets”也是提示。故选B。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在某些方面，比起年幼的狗，老年狗可能比较容易照顾，因为它们喜欢坐着不动。A. efficient有效率的；B. risky冒险的；C. difficult困难的；D. valuable有价值的。根据后文“because they prefer sitting still”可知照顾老年狗不会那么困难。故选C。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他们的未来并不总是那么光明。A. reliable可靠的；B. negative消极的；C. different不同的；D. bright明亮的。上文中their指的是老年狗，老年狗因为快要走到生命的尽头，所以他们的未来并不总是那么光明。故选D。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：像佩拉尔塔这样的许多组织坚持救助老年宠物，并在动物收容所之外给予它们保护，部分原因是收容所中的老年狗存活率只有25%，而年轻的狗存活率为60%。A. succeeding成功；B. insisting坚持；C. resulting导致；D. specializing使专门化。根据后文“on rescuing elderly pets”可知此处为短语insist on表示“许多组织坚持救助老年狗”。故选B。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：像佩拉尔塔这样的许多组织坚持救助老年宠物，并在动物收容所之外给予它们保护，部分原因是收容所中的老年狗存活率只有25%，而年轻的狗存活率为60%。A. death死亡；B. adaptation改编；C. survival存活，幸存；D. crime犯罪。根据后文“rate of just 25 percent, while younger dogs have a 60 percent rate”可知此处是在说明收容所中，老年狗存活率只有25%，而年轻的狗存活率为60%。故选C。 10. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：照顾20多只老年狗的生活可能会非常忙碌。A. looking after照顾；B. bringing in引进；C. relying on依赖；D. toying with玩弄。根据第二段中“Kristen Peralta, the founder of Vintage Pet Rescue, takes care of 27 mostly senior dogs.”可知此处指照顾老年狗。故选A。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：佩拉尔塔每周至少安排一次兽医预约，给狗分发药物，并进行的沐浴和爱抚。A. adjusts调整；B. impresses使印象深刻；C. schedules安排；D. indicates表明。根据后文“vet appointments”可知此处指佩拉尔塔每周给老年狗们至少安排一次兽医预约。故选C。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这项工作是有意义的，她认为这有助于表明，越来越多的人开始意识到老年狗是多么的特别。A. adopt采取；B. agree同意；C. explore探索；D. realize意识到。结合后文“just how special senior dogs are”可知越来越多的人开始意识到老年狗是多么的特别。故选D。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：佩拉尔塔说：“你可以看得出，当他们遇到困难时得到帮助时，他们是多么感激。”A. appreciate感激；B. consume消耗；C. comfort安慰；D. support支持。上文they指的是老年狗，他们遇到困难时得到了帮助，会非常感激。故选A。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们希望和你在一起，你爱他们。A. hopeful有希望的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. sorrowful悲伤的；D. doubtful怀疑的。根据后文“they’re with you and you love them”可知老年狗希望能和帮助自己的人在一起，故选A。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道你救了一只狗的命，而且你将对它的余生产生影响，这真是太特别了。A. decision决定；B. living生计；C. fortune财富；D. difference差异。结合前后文语境“you’re going to make a …to the rest of its life”可知此处表示“有影响”短语为make a difference。故选D。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25 高二上・广东河源・期中・改编）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1  (learn) a second language well is a valuable skill for students, as it opens doors to global opportunities and cross-cultural communication. However, many learners struggle with 2  (stay) motivated, especially when they face challenges like complex grammar or limited practice time. One effective method is 3  (integrate) language learning into daily life. For example, 4  (watch) short videos in the target language during breaks or 5  (listen) to podcasts while walking to school can make practice feel less like a chore. It’s also helpful to set small goals, such as 6  (memorize) 10 new words each week or 7  (have) a 5-minute conversation with a language partner. Another key is 8  (embrace) mistakes. Many learners fear 9  (speak) incorrectly, but making errors is a natural part of progress. Teachers often say that 10  (reflect) on mistakes—like noting wrong verb tenses or mispronounced words—helps improve accuracy faster. With consistent effort and the right strategies, anyone can make steady progress in second language learning. 【答案】 1. Learning 2. staying 3. integrating 4. watching 5. listening 6. memorizing 7. having 8. embracing 9. speaking 10. reflecting 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了高三学生学好第二语言的重要性，并提供了将语言学习融入日常生活、接纳错误等实用学习策略。 1. 考查动名词作主语。句意：学好第二语言对学生来说是一项宝贵的技能，因为它为全球机遇和跨文化交流打开了大门。此处 “学好第二语言” 是句子主语，需用动名词形式，learn 的动名词为 learning，句首首字母大写。故填 Learning。 2. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：然而，许多学习者难以保持动力，尤其是当他们面临复杂语法或有限练习时间等挑战时。struggle with doing sth.（难以做某事）是固定搭配，stay 需用动名词形式 staying。故填 staying。 3. 考查动名词作表语。句意：一种有效的方法是将语言学习融入日常生活。此处 “将语言学习融入日常生活” 是句子表语，需用动名词形式（表抽象方法），integrate 的动名词为 integrating。故填 integrating。 4. 考查动名词作主语。句意：例如，在休息时看目标语言的短视频，或在步行上学时听播客，都能让练习感觉不那么像任务。此处 “看目标语言的短视频” 与后文 “听播客” 并列作主语，需用动名词形式，watch 的动名词为 watching。故填 watching。 5. 考查动名词作主语。句意：例如，在休息时看目标语言的短视频，或在步行上学时听播客，都能让练习感觉不那么像任务。此处 “听播客” 与前文 “看短视频” 并列作主语，需用动名词形式，listen 的动名词为 listening。故填 listening。 6. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：设定小目标也很有帮助，比如每周记住 10 个新单词，或与语言伙伴进行 5 分钟的对话。such as 后接动名词作宾语，memorize 的动名词为 memorizing。故填 memorizing。 7. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：设定小目标也很有帮助，比如每周记住 10 个新单词，或与语言伙伴进行 5 分钟的对话。此处 “与语言伙伴对话” 与前文 “记新单词” 并列，需用动名词形式，have 的动名词为 having。故填 having。 8. 考查动名词作表语。句意：另一个关键是接纳错误。此处 “接纳错误” 是句子表语，需用动名词形式（表抽象动作），embrace 的动名词为 embracing。故填 embracing。 9. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：许多学习者害怕说错，但犯错是进步的自然组成部分。fear doing sth.（害怕做某事）是固定搭配，speak 的动名词为 speaking。故填 speaking。 10. 考查动名词作主语。句意：老师常说，反思错误 —— 比如记录错误的动词时态或发音不准的单词 —— 有助于更快提高准确性。此处 “反思错误” 在宾语从句中作主语，需用动名词形式，reflect 的动名词为 reflecting。故填 reflecting。 Passage 2 （24-25 高三上・浙江杭州・模拟・改编）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1  (manage) time wisely is essential for 高三 students, who often balance heavy homework, exams, and extracurricular activities. Poor time management can lead to stress, while 2  (plan) ahead helps avoid last-minute rushes. One useful tool is the “priority list”—3  (write) down tasks and ranking them by importance. For example, finishing a math assignment due tomorrow should come before 4  (read) a leisure book. It’s also important to avoid 5  (waste) time on distractions, such as endless phone scrolling. Experts suggest 6  (set) specific “phone-free” periods during study time to stay focused. Another tip is 7  (break) large tasks into smaller steps. For instance, instead of feeling overwhelmed by “writing an essay,” start with 8  (research) sources, then 9  (outline) the structure, and finally 10  (draft) the content. This method makes difficult tasks feel more manageable. By mastering time management skills, students can reduce stress and achieve better results in their studies. 【答案】 1. Managing 2. planning 3. writing 4. reading 5. wasting 6. setting 7. breaking 8. researching 9. outlining 10. drafting 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章针对高三学生，介绍了合理管理时间的重要性，以及制定优先级清单、拆分任务等实用时间管理技巧。 1. 考查动名词作主语。句意：合理管理时间对高三学生至关重要，他们通常要平衡繁重的作业、考试和课外活动。此处 “合理管理时间” 是句子主语，需用动名词形式，manage 的动名词为 managing，句首首字母大写。故填 Managing。 2. 考查动名词作主语。句意：糟糕的时间管理会导致压力，而提前规划有助于避免最后一刻的匆忙。此处 “提前规划” 与前文 “糟糕的时间管理” 并列作主语，需用动名词形式，plan 的动名词为 planning。故填 planning。 3. 考查动名词作表语。句意：一个有用的工具是 “优先级清单”—— 写下任务并按重要性排序。此处 “写下任务并排序” 是对 “优先级清单” 的解释，作表语，需用动名词形式，write 的动名词为 writing。故填 writing。 4. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：例如，完成明天要交的数学作业应该在看休闲书之前。before 为介词，后接动名词作宾语，read 的动名词为 reading。故填 reading。 5. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：避免在分心的事情上浪费时间也很重要，比如无休止地刷手机。avoid doing sth.（避免做某事）是固定搭配，waste 的动名词为 wasting。故填 wasting。 6. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：专家建议在学习时间设定特定的 “无手机” 时段，以保持专注。suggest doing sth.（建议做某事）是固定搭配，set 的动名词为 setting。故填 setting。 7. 考查动名词作表语。句意：另一个技巧是将大任务拆分成小步骤。此处 “将大任务拆分” 是句子表语，需用动名词形式（表抽象技巧），break 的动名词为 breaking。故填 breaking。 8. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：例如，与其因 “写一篇文章” 而感到不知所措，不如从研究资料开始，然后列出结构大纲，最后起草内容。with 后接动名词作宾语，research 的动名词为 researching。故填 researching。 9. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：例如，与其因 “写一篇文章” 而感到不知所措，不如从研究资料开始，然后列出结构大纲，最后起草内容。此处 “列出结构大纲” 与前文 “研究资料”、后文 “起草内容” 并列，需用动名词形式，outline 的动名词为 outlining。故填 outlining。 10. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：例如，与其因 “写一篇文章” 而感到不知所措，不如从研究资料开始，然后列出结构大纲，最后起草内容。此处 “起草内容” 与前文 “研究资料”“列出大纲” 并列，需用动名词形式，draft 的动名词为 drafting。故填 drafting。 Passage 3 （24-25 高三上・四川成都・模拟・改编）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1  (keep) a gratitude journal (感恩日记) is a simple yet powerful way to boost mental well-being, especially for students facing heavy academic pressure. Many people underestimate how much 2  (focus) on small, positive moments can change their mood—like a classmate’s help with homework or a teacher’s encouraging comment. To start a gratitude journal, experts suggest 3  (set) aside 10 minutes each night. The key is 4  (record) specific details instead of vague phrases. For example, writing “My friend lent me her notes when I was absent” is more effective than just “My friend was nice.” This practice helps train your brain to notice goodness, 5  (reduce) feelings of anxiety over time. Some students worry about 6  (find) “enough things” to write about. But even 7  (notice) small joys—such as a sunny day or a delicious meal—counts. It’s also helpful to reflect on why these moments matter: for instance, “The sunny day made me feel calm, which helped me finish my essay faster.” Over time, 8  (maintain) this habit can improve your outlook on life. A study found that students who kept gratitude journals for a month reported higher satisfaction with their studies than those who didn’t. Remember, 9  (build) any new habit takes patience—don’t give up if you miss a day. Just pick it up again, and soon you’ll see the benefits of 10  (appreciate) the little things in life. 【答案】 1. Keeping 2. focusing 3. setting 4. recording 5. reducing 6. finding 7. noticing 8. maintaining 9. building 10. appreciating 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了写感恩日记的好处、具体方法及坚持该习惯对高三学生心理健康和学习心态的积极影响。 1. 考查动名词作主语。句意：写感恩日记是一种简单但有效的提升心理健康的方法，尤其适合面临沉重学业压力的学生。此处 “写感恩日记” 是句子主语，需用动名词形式，keep 的动名词为 keeping，句首首字母大写。故填 Keeping。 2. 考查动名词作主语。句意：许多人低估了关注微小、积极的瞬间能多大程度改变心情 —— 比如同学帮忙补习作业，或是老师一句鼓励的话。“关注微小、积极的瞬间” 在宾语从句中作主语，需用动名词形式，focus 的动名词为 focusing。故填 focusing。 3. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：要开始写感恩日记，专家建议每晚留出 10 分钟。suggest doing sth.（建议做某事）是固定搭配，set 需用动名词形式 setting。故填 setting。 4. 考查动名词作表语。句意：关键是记录具体细节，而非模糊的表述。此处 “记录具体细节” 是句子表语，需用动名词形式（与主语 The key 呼应，表抽象动作），record 的动名词为 recording。故填 recording。 5. 考查现在分词（非谓语动词）。句意：这种做法有助于训练大脑发现美好，久而久之减少焦虑情绪。此处 “减少焦虑情绪” 是前句的自然结果，需用现在分词作结果状语，reduce 的现在分词为 reducing。故填 reducing。 6. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：有些学生担心找不到 “足够多的事情” 来写。worry about doing sth.（担心做某事）是固定搭配，find 需用动名词形式 finding。故填 finding。 7. 考查动名词。句意：但即使是发现微小的美好 —— 比如晴朗的天气或一顿美味的饭 —— 也有意义。even 后接动名词与前文 “writing”“focusing” 呼应，notice 的动名词为 noticing。故填 noticing。 8. 考查动名词作主语。句意：久而久之，坚持这个习惯能改善你的人生观。此处 “坚持这个习惯” 是句子主语，需用动名词形式，maintain 的动名词为 maintaining。故填 maintaining。 9. 考查动名词作主语。句意：记住，养成任何新习惯都需要耐心 —— 如果漏写一天也别放弃。此处 “养成任何新习惯” 是句子主语，需用动名词形式，build 的动名词为 building。故填 building。 10. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：重新开始就好，很快你就会发现珍惜生活中微小美好的好处。介词 of 后需接动名词，appreciate 的动名词为 appreciating。故填 appreciating。 ( 乐思英语 ) 24 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ ( 单元核心语法·精练 ) 选必一 Unit 3 Fascinating parks （动词 - ing 形式作主语） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、动名词的构成及形式变化 用法介绍 动名词由 “动词原形 + ing” 构成，兼具动词和名词性质，可根据动作的时间、语态及否定意义呈现不同形式，是第三单元语法的基础内容。 形式类型 构成规则 示例（括号内为动作关系说明） 一般式 doing（与谓语动作同时发生） She likes singing（唱歌与喜欢同时存在）. 完成式 having done（先于谓语动作发生） He regretted having lied（撒谎在后悔之前）. 被动式 being done（表被动动作） Being laughed at（被嘲笑） made him sad. 完成被动式 having been done（先于谓语的被动动作） Having been praised（被表扬在感到开心之前）, she felt happy. 否定式 not + 动名词 He suggested not leaving（不离开） early. 注意事项 1. 形式与意义匹配：完成式强调 “先于谓语动作”，被动式强调 “动作承受”，需根据语境选择（如错误：He denied to take it. 表 “否认做过” 应为：He denied having taken it.）。 2. 与现在分词的形式共性：动名词和现在分词均为 “doing” 形式，需通过功能判断（如 “Swimming is fun.” 中 swimming 是动名词（作主语）；“Swimming girl” 中 swimming 是现在分词（作定语））。 二、动名词的功能及典型用法 用法介绍 动名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，体现名词性特征，核心功能如下： 类型 用法说明 示例 作主语 表抽象、习惯性动作，可直接作主语或用 it 作形式主语 Reading（阅读） broadens the mind. It’s worthwhile discussing（讨论） the plan. 作宾语 接在及物动词（如 admit, avoid）或介词后 He avoids meeting（见面） her. She’s good at dancing（跳舞）. 作表语 说明主语的具体内容，可与主语互换位置 My hobby is gardening（园艺）. = Gardening（园艺） is my hobby. 作定语 表被修饰词的用途或功能 a washing（洗衣用的） machine a fishing（钓鱼用的） rod 注意事项 1. 固定搭配记忆：部分动词后只能接动名词（如 enjoy, mind, practice），不可接不定式（如错误：He practices to play piano. 正确：He practices playing piano.）。 2. 介词后的动名词：所有介词（包括短语介词如 look forward to）后必须用动名词（如错误：I’m used to get up early. 正确：I’m used to getting up early.）。 三、动名词作主语的具体用法 用法介绍 动名词作主语是第三单元的核心应用场景，主要表抽象、习惯性动作，可通过直接作主语或借助形式主语 it 呈现，需结合句式和语义选择恰当形式。 用法类型 具体规则 示例 直接作主语 置于句首，表单一、明确的抽象动作 Studying（学习） requires patience. Traveling（旅行） enriches life. it 作形式主语 用 “It + be + 形容词 / 名词 + doing” 结构，避免头重脚轻 It’s important finishing（完成） the task on time. It’s a waste of time arguing（争论） with him. 并列动名词作主语 用 and 连接多个动名词，表并列动作 Reading and writing（阅读和写作） are basic skills. Running and swimming（跑步和游泳） keep him fit. 注意事项 1. 主谓一致：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数（如错误：Watching movies are relaxing. 正确：Watching movies is relaxing.）；并列动名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 2. 与不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语表 “习惯性、抽象性”，不定式作主语表 “具体性、一次性”（如 “Swimming is good for health.”（习惯） vs. “To swim tomorrow is my plan.”（具体））。 3. 避免冗余：不可在动名词前加多余代词（如错误：It’s useful we reading this book. 正确：It’s useful reading this book. 或 It’s useful for us to read this book.）。 一、单句语法填空题：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．（23-24高二上·黑龙江·期中）The real joy in life is in the process of doing something. (seize) the moment can let you enjoy your life. 2．（23-24高二上·广东东莞·期中） (motivate) students to learn is a teacher’s top responsibility. 3．（23-24高二上·江苏盐城·期中） (spend) some time in the gym is of vital importance to our health. 4．（23-24高二上·广东惠州·期中） (find) ways to grow more rice has been his goal since then. 5．（24-25高二上·吉林·期中） (stretch) before exercise is crucial for preventing injuries. 6．（24-25高二上·广东江门·阶段练习）It’s no use (look) forward to hearing from her soon. 7．（24-25高二上·四川成都·期中）It is worthwhile (invest) your time in a foreign language when international communication is becoming increasingly important. 8．（24-25高二上·福建漳州·期中）It’s a waste of time (talk) about such useless things. 9．（23-24高二上·四川成都·期中）It is no use (wait) for the rain to stop; we should grab our umbrellas and go. 10．（22-23高二上·山东济宁·期中） (blame) by the manager made the librarian very sad. 11．（23-24高二上·广东湛江·期中） (commit) herself to scientific research has earned TuYouyou respect from people. 12．（23-24高二上·福建福州·期中）The students’ (adopt) a positive attitude will help them learn effectively. 13．（23-24高二上·福建厦门·期中）His (admit) to that famous university surprised us all for he was absent from school for a whole year. 14．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）For stars like him, (recognise) in public places can bring them trouble. 15．（24-25高二上·福建福州·期中） (not inform) about the changes in policy has led to confusion among the staff. 二、完成句子 1. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期中）即使是在最好的时期靠种地生活也是很艰难的。 the land was hard enough at the best of times. 2. （24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）在无路的沙瑞克徒步穿越山脉是一项挑战，但也很吸引人。 through the mountains in the pathless Sarek is yet really fascinating. 3. （21-22高二上·广东惠州·期中）As we all know, with our friends is an important part of friendship. 总所周知，与朋友保持联系是友谊的重要组成部分。 4. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期中）和他争辩这件事是浪费时间的。(动词-ing形式作主语) It is a waste of time about the matter. 5. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期中）与我们的朋友保持联系是友谊的重要组成部分。 with our friends is an important part of friendship. 6. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期中）劝说这种如此固执的人改变主意是没用的。（非谓语） It’s of no use a stubborn person . 7. （21-22高二上·福建漳州·期中）朗读是学习语言的一个好办法。 aloud a good way learning a language. 8. （21-22高二上·福建厦门·期中）It’s no good a man like him (和他这样的人争论). （根据汉语提示完成句子） 9. （21-22高二上·福建三明·期中）卷入新兴的经营是有风险的，但它也可能会获得利润。 a new and emerging business can be risky and also be profitable. 10. （22-23高二上·浙江宁波·期中）进行眼神交流是一种很有效的方式来打破跟陌生人之间的壁垒。 is an effective way to between strangers. 11. （22-23高二上·广东惠州·期中）在国外学习期间，与家人保持联系成了他生活中的一部分。 family regularly has become part of his life while studying abroad. 12. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期中）整天在床上睡觉没有好处。 It’s no good all day. 13. （22-23高二上·福建福州·期中）身处这样一个美丽而荒凉的地方，我感到活着是幸运的。 in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel to be alive. 14. （24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）课外活动可以给我们快乐，帮助我们放松自己，其中打篮球是我的最爱。 After­class activities can give us amusement and help us to relax ourselves, . 15. （24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）适当地使用肢体语言可以帮助你打破沟通障碍。 body language appropriately can help you communication barriers. 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·全国·单元测试）Ciudad Perdida, Colombia’s “Lost City” is older than Machu Picchu (马丘比丘古城). There are no trains or buses allowing of easy travels to reach its ruins. The chance of getting there is merely 1 on foot:a tiring hike lasting several days nonstop. Despite this, I couldn’t 2 the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida. Twelve other hikers and I went there in 3 with a licensed guide. The dirt path, which 4 through towering palms and dangling vines (藤蔓), proved 5 right from the start. It’s suggested that hikers have good physical 6 , as the journey is difficult. Horses helped to carry basic 7 like food to the cottages where we would sleep. Along the way we also met the 8 . They have been left undisturbed for centuries and there’s a deep 9 between them and the land. The next morning, we were off early to 10 the heat, but high temperatures and muscle pain had already 11 by the time we reached the final stage — 1, 200 stone steps to 12 . Finally, my eyes rested on the splendid scene that had 13 the hard journey to Ciudad Perdida, after lifting my painful body up the long flight of stairs. The beautiful site below amazed me. While the return trip included 14 the mental barrier of having already achieved our goal, the experience is the one I would do again. It is the difficulty that makes the journey a more 15 one. Earned views are always better. 1. A．dangerous B．impressive C．identical D．available 2. A．resist B．obtain C．promote D．employ 3. A．comparison B．combination C．company D．communication 4. A．buried B．swung C．wound D．leaked 5. A．disappointing B．embarrassing C．challenging D．amazing 6. A．character B．fitness C．independence D．confidence 7. A．equipment B．furniture C．possessions D．supplies 8. A．natives B．visitors C．guides D．drivers 9. A．conflict B．distance C．bond D．belief 10. A．reduce B．avoid C．lower D．detect 11. A．set in B．cut off C．watched out D．gave in 12. A．cover B．catch C．display D．explore 13. A．predicted B．convinced C．motivated D．evaluated 14. A．overcoming B．memorizing C．observing D．witnessing 15. A．luxurious B．relevant C．flexible D．rewarding Passage 2 （24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）I work for a non-profit organization that serves children with disabilities. A particular 1 made me appreciate it even more. Last Friday we took the children to an amusement park. I was 2 with three girls who all had Down’s syndrome (唐氏综合征). They were having a great time, regardless of the 3 and looks from people around us. The girls were 4 and screaming in excitement on a roller-coaster ride when a young woman patted me on the shoulder. She politely told me that she 5 the girls had Down’s syndrome. I told her the situation. I couldn’t 6 what she next said to me. She 7 me that she had just had a baby who was diagnosed (诊断) with Down’s syndrome, and that she had been most worried if her baby would be able to experience joy and live a life full of 8 . She then went on to say that watching these girls made her relieved, because she saw how happy they were. Then, she 9 me for talking to her and giving her the best gift she could ask for, 10 . I am so 11 that these three amazing girls were able to make this mother feel a sense of 12 . They gave her the hope and 13 that her baby will live a happy life. Every time I think about this, I can’t help but 14 . These kids that I am so 15 to work with and their smiling faces are major reasons why I smile. 1. A．experience B．survey C．job D．theory 2. A．travelling B．quarrelling C．working D．studying 3. A．praise B．applause C．jokes D．stares 4. A．watching B．throwing C．laughing D．thinking 5. A．detected B．expected C．announced D．ignored 6. A．confirm B．accept C．suppose D．believe 7. A．warned B．reminded C．informed D．questioned 8. A．happiness B．freedom C．worry D．success 9. A．excused B．charged C．blamed D．thanked 10. A．peace B．promise C．hope D．wealth 11. A．confused B．delighted C．guilty D．satisfied 12. A．disappointment B．relief C．desperation D．responsibility 13. A．knowledge B．fear C．suggestion D．fact 14. A．apologize B．cry C．jump D．smile 15. A．ashamed B．tired C．fortunate D．kind Passage 3 （20-21高二上·江苏扬州·期中）Nougat and Clarence became best friends almost as soon as Nougat moved into the retirement home. Nougat likes to rest his head on the back of Clarence as often as he gets the 1 . The dogs live at Vintage Pet Rescue, a non-profit organization that 2 elder animals from local shelters (收容所) that are 3 to find a new home. The organization aims to give dogs a comfortable, loving environment at the 4 of their lives. Kristen Peralta, the founder of Vintage Pet Rescue, takes care of 27 mostly senior dogs. While she and her husband have unofficially been 5 older dogs for some time, Peralta turned her passion into a full-time job in 2017. In some ways, elder dogs may be less 6 to care for because they prefer sitting still than little ones. But their futures aren’t always so 7 . There are many organizations, like Peralta’s, 8 on rescuing elderly pets and giving them protection outside of animal shelters, in part because senior dogs in shelters have a(n) 9 rate of just 25 percent, while younger dogs have a 60 percent rate. A life spent 10 two dozen older dogs can be very busy. Peralta 11 vet appointments at least once a week, gives out individual medications and does a lot of bathing and petting. But the work is rewarding, and she thinks it’s helping to show more and more people are beginning to 12 just how special senior dogs are. “You can just tell how much they 13 it when they’re helped in trouble,” Peralta said. “They’re 14 that they’re with you and you love them. It’s so special to know that you saved a dog’s life and that you’re going to make a 15 to the rest of its life.” 1. A．idea B．mercy C．chance D．point 2. A．takes in B．takes along C．takes off D．takes over 3. A．committed B．unlikely C．lucky D．familiar 4. A．beginning B．bottom C．edge D．end 5. A．surrounding B．rescuing C．inviting D．contributing 6. A．efficient B．risky C．difficult D．valuable 7. A．reliable B．negative C．different D．bright 8. A．succeeding B．insisting C．resulting D．specializing 9. A．death B．adaptation C．survival D．crime 10. A．looking after B．bringing in C．relying on D．toying with 11. A．adjusts B．impresses C．schedules D．indicates 12. A．adopt B．agree C．explore D．realize 13. A．appreciate B．consume C．comfort D．support 14. A．hopeful B．surprised C．sorrowful D．doubtful 15. A．decision B．living C．fortune D．difference 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25 高二上・广东河源・期中・改编）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1  (learn) a second language well is a valuable skill for students, as it opens doors to global opportunities and cross-cultural communication. However, many learners struggle with 2  (stay) motivated, especially when they face challenges like complex grammar or limited practice time. One effective method is 3  (integrate) language learning into daily life. For example, 4  (watch) short videos in the target language during breaks or 5  (listen) to podcasts while walking to school can make practice feel less like a chore. It’s also helpful to set small goals, such as 6  (memorize) 10 new words each week or 7  (have) a 5-minute conversation with a language partner. Another key is 8  (embrace) mistakes. Many learners fear 9  (speak) incorrectly, but making errors is a natural part of progress. Teachers often say that 10  (reflect) on mistakes—like noting wrong verb tenses or mispronounced words—helps improve accuracy faster. With consistent effort and the right strategies, anyone can make steady progress in second language learning. Passage 2 （24-25 高三上・浙江杭州・模拟・改编）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1  (manage) time wisely is essential for 高三 students, who often balance heavy homework, exams, and extracurricular activities. Poor time management can lead to stress, while 2  (plan) ahead helps avoid last-minute rushes. One useful tool is the “priority list”—3  (write) down tasks and ranking them by importance. For example, finishing a math assignment due tomorrow should come before 4  (read) a leisure book. It’s also important to avoid 5  (waste) time on distractions, such as endless phone scrolling. Experts suggest 6  (set) specific “phone-free” periods during study time to stay focused. Another tip is 7  (break) large tasks into smaller steps. For instance, instead of feeling overwhelmed by “writing an essay,” start with 8  (research) sources, then 9  (outline) the structure, and finally 10  (draft) the content. This method makes difficult tasks feel more manageable. By mastering time management skills, students can reduce stress and achieve better results in their studies. Passage 3 （24-25 高三上・四川成都・模拟・改编）1  (keep) a gratitude journal (感恩日记) is a simple yet powerful way to boost mental well-being, especially for students facing heavy academic pressure. Many people underestimate how much 2  (focus) on small, positive moments can change their mood—like a classmate’s help with homework or a teacher’s encouraging comment. To start a gratitude journal, experts suggest 3  (set) aside 10 minutes each night. The key is 4  (record) specific details instead of vague phrases. For example, writing “My friend lent me her notes when I was absent” is more effective than just “My friend was nice.” This practice helps train your brain to notice goodness, 5  (reduce) feelings of anxiety over time. Some students worry about 6  (find) “enough things” to write about. But even 7  (notice) small joys—such as a sunny day or a delicious meal—counts. It’s also helpful to reflect on why these moments matter: for instance, “The sunny day made me feel calm, which helped me finish my essay faster.” Over time, 8  (maintain) this habit can improve your outlook on life. A study found that students who kept gratitude journals for a month reported higher satisfaction with their studies than those who didn’t. Remember, 9  (build) any new habit takes patience—don’t give up if you miss a day. Just pick it up again, and soon you’ll see the benefits of 10  (appreciate) the little things in life. ( 乐思英语 ) 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$