专题3.3 情态动词和虚拟语气（重温高考 + 考点精析 + 易错点聚焦 + 考点集训）2026届高考英语一轮复习【语法核心突破·精讲精练】

专题3.3 情态动词和虚拟语气 2026届高考英语一轮复习 【语法核心突破•精讲精练】 目录 contents 1. 重温2020-2025年高考真题 2. 考点精析 3. 书面表达中情态动词和虚拟语气易错点聚焦 4. 考点集训 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(情态动词和虚拟语气专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 情态动词的核心考点 虚拟语气 单句语法填空 1. (2024年全国高考英语甲卷改编)What _____________ (should do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：这么漂亮的地方该怎么办? 他们大声地问道。短语do ... with ...，意为“对付、处理”，do和with都得带自己的宾语。此句中，what既是疑问词，也应是do的宾语，因此应用被动形式。故填should be done。 2. (2024年1月浙江高考卷改编) However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they ______________ (could offer) sometimes in smaller packs. 【解析】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：然而，尽管从一包香肠中得到几美分是件好事，但如果它们有时能以小包装出售，那将会有更大的帮助。根据句子意思，这里用于条件从句中，表示对现在情况的假设，应用虚拟语气。另外句子主语指代sausages，表物，因此应用被动形式。故填could be offered。 could be offered should be done 1. 重温高考真题 3. (2021 天津卷改编) It used to be that you ________________ (drive) for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：过去你可能开车数英里看不到一个人，但现在到处都是房子和人。根据句意和语境可知，这里介绍的是过去和现在的对比，表示“有可能”，故填could/might drive。 4. (2021 天津卷改编) —I honestly don’t think I’m going to be admitted.—Well, you never know! You ______________ (make) a better impression than you think. 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。——唉，谁知道呢！你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故填may have made。 could/might drive may have made 5. (2020 全国I卷改编) Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it __________ (send) signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 解析：考查情态动词。根据句意，中国第一次在月球上安置了一个卫星，用以发射信号到太空站或地球。故填could send。 6. (2020 全国III卷改编) When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he __________ (find) the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：当他问江岸边的村民他在哪里可以找到这位传奇的艺术家时，他们笑着指向江的下游。分析句意可知，设空处表达的是能够做某事。时态为一般过去时，故填could find。 could send could find 7. (2020 天津卷改编) Jim says we ________ (stay) in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：吉姆说只要我们保持干净整洁，我们就可以待在他家里。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，主句是一般现在时态，介绍的是现在的情况，所以宾语从句用一般现在时态，故填can stay。 8. (2020 江苏卷改编) If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I ________ ____________________ not be where I am. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：如果我没有面对这么多的障碍，我就不会是现在的我。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故填would/could/might/should。 would / could / might / should can stay 2.考点精析 否定形式—情态动词＋not＋动词原形 框架结构图 情态动词 常见情态动词 can / could, be able to will / would shall / should may / might need dare must ought to / have to 基本用法 肯定形式—情态动词＋动词原形 虚拟语气 对现在情况的虚拟 对过去情况的虚拟 对将来情况的虚拟 情态动词的核心考点 1．can/could和be able to的用法 (1)can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was / were able to相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。 Even after years of practice, I still can’t pronounce some Chinese tones correctly. After days of searching, the rescue team was able to find the missing hiker. (2)can/could表示猜测“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句，could比can的可能性小，也可用于肯定句。 Teachers can be strict about deadlines. 老师对截止日期可能很严格。 This road can be slippery when wet. 这条路湿的时候可能很滑。 Job interviews can be stressful for many people. 对很多人来说面试可能会有压力。 The situation could be dangerous if we’re not careful. 如果我们不小心，情况可能会变得危险。 (3)can可以表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形，意为“有时会……”。 In our company, we acknowledge that even senior managers can miscalculate. 表示现实可能性，这包含两个方面的含义:一是指将来可能性，一是指现在的可能性，在这两种用法中，通常都不用can，但可用could(可以指现在，相当于may /might): 除非情况有变，否则他们可能会取消他们的欧洲计划。(将来可能性) Unless something changes, they could [may, might] cancel their European plans. Unless something changes, they can cancel their European plans. 你可能是对的，但我不认为你对。(现在可能性) Your analysis could [may, might] be correct, but the data suggests otherwise. Your analysis can be correct, but the data suggests otherwise. 正 误 正 误 (4)表示请求、允许(表请求时，口语中常用could代替can使语气更委婉，回答时用can)。 Can / Could I have a word with you for a moment? Could you possibly tell me how to apply for this program? -- Could I turn on the GPS? I’m not sure of the route. -- Yes, you can. (否定答语可用No, I can’t. / I’m afraid not.) (5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。 How can the meeting be tomorrow? It was scheduled for Friday! How can this report be accurate? The numbers don’t add up. (6)can的特殊用法。 can but只好；can’t but不得不；can’t...too。再……也不为过，越……越好 The client’s demands are tough, but we can but try to meet them. 客户的要求很严格，但我们只能尽力去满足。 Under these circumstances, we can’t but terminate the contract. 在此情况下我方必须终止合同(法律文书)。 When choosing a life partner, you can’t be too careful. 选择人生伴侣再怎么谨慎都不过分。 2．may和might的用法 (1)表示允许、请求，might比may的语气更委婉一些。 —May I watch the cartoon now? —Yes, you may. (Yes, please.) —No, you mustn’t. (No, you’d better not.) (2)表示可能性时，might比may的可能性小，may表示的可能性比can / could小(主要用于肯定或否定句，疑问句用can/could代替)。 She may not attend the picnic, for the forecast predicts thunderstorms. 她可能不去野餐，因为预报有雷雨。 He cannot be the thief, for he was giving a keynote speech at that time. 他不可能是小偷，因为当时他正在做主题演讲。 (3)表示祝愿(不用might) May you achieve all your dreams! 愿你梦想成真！ May your future be as bright as your smile! 愿你的未来如笑容般灿烂。 (4)may/might as well最好还是……，不妨 It’s raining heavily. We might as well stay home and watch movies. 雨太大了，我们不如在家看电影吧(原计划外出)。 Since you’re here, you might as well help me with this box. 既然来了，顺便帮我搬箱子吧。 (5)may/might well很可能 These findings may well challenge traditional theories. 该发现很可能挑战传统理论。 An old friend might well be able to get through to her and help her. 一位老朋友也许能让她理解并帮助她。 3. must, have to和ought to的用法 (1)must ①表示“必须，应该，一定要”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must not (mustn’t)表“禁示，不允许”。must开头的问句，其否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to来表达。 All visitors must report to the reception office. 所有访客必须到接待处报到。 All electronic devices must be switched off during takeoff. 起飞时必须关闭所有电子设备(航空规定)。 —Must I hand in the homework today? —Yes, you must. —No, you needn’t / don’t have to. ②表推测“一定”，用于肯定句。比may的语气强。 There must be a way to settle the problem. 一定有办法解决这个问题。 ③表示必然的结果。 Justice demands it — the traitor must hang! 正义要求——叛徒必须被绞死！ ④还可表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。 It can’t work；he must do that due to his personality. 这行不通；他必须那样做，因为他的性格。 (2)have to着重客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去时或将来时)。 We’ll have to play indoors today on such a heavy rainy night. 在这么大雨的晚上，我们不得不呆在家里。 (3)ought to表示义务和责任，意为“应该”，比should语气要强。 If we all stick together, we ought to be all right. 如果我们都能团结一致，我们应该会没事。 4. need和dare的用法 (1)need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，常用must和have to代替。 They don’t need to print the documents — digital copies are acceptable. 他们无需打印文件，电子版即可。 —Need I hurry to the office at once? 我需要马上去办公室吗？ —Yes, you must. 是的，需要。 (2)dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。 They daren’t refuse the invitation from the royal family. 他们不敢拒绝王室的邀请。 How dare they resist, when we’ve offered every compromise? 我们已做出所有让步，他们怎敢抵抗？ If you dare talk back to your mother like that again, no video games for a week. 再敢那样顶撞你妈妈，一周不准打游戏。 (3)need和dare的特殊用法 ①need表“需要”时，可用want, require代替。 These windows need cleaning / to be cleaned desperately. 这些窗户急需清洁。 ＝These windows want / require cleaning / to be cleaned desperately. ②dare作实义动词时，在肯定句中要接to，在疑问句和否定句中to可省去。 Dare to pitch your crazy idea — the next big thing often starts this way. 勇敢提出疯狂想法，颠覆常从此开始。 Tourists don’t dare (to) walk alone in that neighborhood at night. 游客不敢夜间独自在该区域行走。 Do you dare (to) walk through the haunted house? 你敢穿过那间鬼屋吗？ 5. will和would的用法 (1)will ①表示请求、建议，常用于第二人称。 Will you please accompany me to the conference? Will you be able to pick up Mr. Blair from the airport? ②表示意愿、决定、允许。 Whatever may happen, I will never allow yourself a little get disheartened. No matter how advanced we get, human nature will remain the same. ③表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，意为“总是，惯于”，通常用于第三人称。 I will always be there when you need a shoulder to cry on. 当你需要一个可以依靠的肩膀时，我会一直在那里。 We will always remember his generous hospitality. 我们将永远记住他的慷慨好客。 (2)would ①表示请求、建议，比will委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。 How would you like it if people judged you without knowing your story? 如果别人不了解你就评判你，你会喜欢吗？ If you practiced math problems regularly, you wouldn’t struggle now. 如果定期练习数学题，现在就不会这么吃力了。 ②表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。 We would play badminton on the school playground at weekends. 我们过去在周末在学校操场打羽毛球。 At first glance visitors would think they were in Europe. 乍一看上去，游客们大概会有身在欧洲的错觉。 6. shall和should的用法 (1)shall 用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求。 Counting his last coins, he groaned, “How will I survive the month?” 数着最后的硬币，他抱怨：“这一个月怎么过？” He who does not work, neither shall he eat. 不劳动者不得食。 用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、允诺或威胁等。 You shall do your work carefully as your father tells you to. 你要仔细做工，正如你父亲告诉你的。 You shall have everything free on the journey! 旅行中的一切费用全免！ If you do not do it, it shall cost you your own life. 如果你不这么做，它将花费你自己的生命。 His life shall be at the mercy of the Duke of Venice. 他的生命将任凭威尼斯公爵处置。 (2) should ①表示责任、义务，意为“应该”。 We should pay attention to what children are telling us patiently. As a doctor, you should (=ought to) prioritize patients over profits. ②表示惊讶语气，或者在说话人看来是不可思议的，尤其在以 why, who, how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中，意为“竟然”。 You should betray your own sister — it was unthinkable! Why should the dog bark, when the thief was its own master? ③用于条件句，表示“假如，万一”；省去if，should可提至句首。 If you should fail to obey, legal action would be taken. (= Should you fail to obey, legal action would be taken.) Should the CEO be delayed, the board meeting would begin without him. 7. 情态动词表示推测或判断的用法 情态动词 对现在和未来的推测 对过去的推测 使用场合 must may/might can/could should must do must have done 肯定句 may/might do may/might have done 肯定句、否定句 can/could do can/could have done 否定句、疑问句 (could可用于肯定句) should do should have done 肯定句、否定句、疑问句 情态动词＋have done的用法： (1)should have done表示“过去本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldn’t have done则表示“过去本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。 We should have booked the tickets earlier—now they’re sold out. You shouldn’t have opened that email—it was a virus! (2)ought to have done表示“过去本应该做某事而实际上未做”，而ought not to have done则意为“过去本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。 You ought to have checked the instructions before assembling this! The team ought not to have ignored the warning signs. (3)needn’t have done表示“过去本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。 She needn’t have worried about the exam—she passed easily! 她本不必担心考试——她轻松通过了！ I needn’t have stayed up late to finish the report. My boss said it wasn’t urgent. 我本不用熬夜完成报告的，老板说那并不紧急。 (4)could have done表示“过去本来有可能做某事而事实上未做到”。 I would rather you could have come to the party last night—it was so much fun! 我宁愿你昨晚能来参加聚会——那太有趣了！ I would rather you had come to the meeting. Your input was needed. 我宁愿你当时来开会了。你的意见很需要。 (5)may/might have done表示“过去可能发生过某事”或“本来应该/可以做某事(实际上没做)”。 He might have given you more help, but he was very busy then. 他本可以给你更多帮助，但他当时很忙。 Do your best to do today, tomorrow you might have done better. 尽力做好今天的事，明天你可能做得更好。 虚拟语气 1. if条件句中的虚拟语气 if条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示现在情况 表示过去情况 表示将来情况 　　　 动词过去式(be的过去式用were) had＋过去分词 should＋动词原形 动词过去式(be的过去式用were) were to＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 should / would / could / might＋have＋过去分词 should / would / could / might＋动词原形 ①If I were in your position, I would trust my instincts. 如果处在你的位置，我会相信自己的直觉。 ②If the road hadn’t been blocked, we could have reached the concert. 如果路没被封，我们就能赶到演唱会了。 ③If she failed / should fail / were to fail the exam, she would lose her scholarship. 如果她考试失败，就会失去奖学金。 【提示】 (1)if引导的非真实条件句中如果出现should, were或had，可以把if省略，把should, were或had提到句首，其他语序不变。 If she had been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. = Had she been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. 如果她早到五分钟，她就会见到她的老朋友。 If she were here, she would agree too. = Were she here, she would agree too. 如果她在这里，她也会同意的。 If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. = Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. 如果明天下雨，我们就要推迟比赛。 (2)当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。 If you were in better health, I would have let you go with them. 如果你身体更好些，我会让你和他们一起去的。 (3)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过without, or, otherwise, but for等词或短语来表示。 They took the medicine; otherwise they would have gotten much sicker. 他们吃了药，否则病情会加重。 But for Thomas Edison’s inventions (=If there were no Thomas Edison’s inventions, modern lighting systems might not exist. 如果没有爱迪生的发明，现代照明系统可能不会存在。 Without this software (=if we hadn’t been given this software, we couldn’t have analyzed the data so efficiently. 没有这个软件，我们不可能如此高效地分析数据。 I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else (=if I had known he was a cheat) I wouldn’t have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子，否则（如果我知道他是骗子）我就不会相信他了。 2. should＋do...结构的虚拟语气 一些表示命令、要求、请求、建议的动词，后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词，常见的这类动词有：order, command, require, request, demand, advise, suggest (建议), propose, recommend, insist (坚持，坚决要求)等。 建议、命令、要求虚拟语气顺口溜：一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求。即一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order, command)，三个建议(suggest, propose, advise)，四个要求(demand, require, request, ask) 。 以上这些动词变成名词后，其后所接的名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，从句谓语也要用“should＋动词原形”来表示，should同样可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词。 The law requires that all citizens (should) obey the regulations. 法律要求所有公民遵守规章。 The government ordered that the borders (should) be closed. 政府下令关闭边境。 The committee insisted that the proposal (should) be reviewed again. 委员会坚持提案需重新审核。 It was ordered that the prisoner (should) be transferred. 已下令转移囚犯。 The proposal was that we (should) work together for the same goal. 这个提议是，我们为了共同的目标一起努力。 Your suggestion that we (should) go swimming is out of the question; it’s too cold today. 我们不可能按你的建议去游泳，因为今天太冷了。 3. wish后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即与现在事实相反时，谓语用过去式(be的过去式用were)；与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成时；与将来事实相反时，谓语用“could/would/might＋动词原形”。 She wishes she were a superhero and could save the world. 她希望自己是超级英雄，能拯救世界。 He wishes he could play the piano like a professional. 他希望自己能像专业人士一样弹钢琴。 4. would rather“宁愿……”后接宾语从句时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即与现在和将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时(be的过去式用were)；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。 She always borrows my clothes without asking. I’d rather she didn’t. 她总是不问就借走我的衣服，我希望她别这样。 We’d rather the team had consulted us before deciding. 我们宁愿团队在决定前咨询了我们。 5. It is (high / about) time (that) ...意为“是……的时候了”，that在此引导定语从句，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，从句谓语的形式有两种：一种是用一般过去式；另一种是用“should＋动词原形”，需要注意的是，这里的should不能省略。 It’s high time that we should take measures to keep a safe campus. 我们是时候应该采取翅措施来保持校园的安全。 注意：此结构和It is the first (second, third ...) time that ......有区别。后者引导的从句中，常用现在完成时形式。 It is the first time that a private company has been allowed to build a water recycling plant in Australia, he says. 这是私营企业首次获准在澳大利亚建设再生水厂，他说。 6. if only从句中的虚拟语气 if only引导的感叹句，其虚拟语气的结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。 If only the teacher had explained this concept more clearly. 要是老师当初讲得更清楚就好了(意思是实际没听懂)。 7. as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。 After the snow melts, it will seem as if winter had never come. 雪融化后，仿佛冬天从未降临。 The tide erased our footprints; now it seems as if we were never on the beach. 潮水抹去了脚印，现在仿佛我们从未踏足那片沙滩。 3. 写作中情态动词和虚拟语气易错点聚焦 1. 表达的单调性 例如：在写一封建议信时，如果向好友表达建议，重复使用You should...既显得单调，同时“你应该......”等强硬的语气又会影响交际效果。我们可以灵活多样地表达建议，如You’d better.../You might as well.../Why not...？等。 Maybe you’d better clarify what you meant by that message. 或许你该说清楚那条信息到底什么意思。 The couple shared a house but never spoke; they might as well have been strangers. 他们同住一个屋檐下却从不交谈，与陌生人无异。 这对夫妇简直就像是陌路人。 2. 情态动词搭配错误 She’d not better ignore the doctor’s advice, no matter how busy she is. She’d better not ignore the doctor’s advice, no matter how busy she is. --- Need I remind you about the deadline? --- Yes, you need. --- Yes, you must. The team was so excited about the win that no one dared mention the upcoming challenges. The team was so excited about the win that no one dare (dared to) mention the upcoming challenges. 误 误 误 正 正 正 4. 考 点 集 训 题组一　情态动词集训 I.单句语法填空 1. She ________ be exhausted after working 12 hours straight. 【解析】must 句意：她连续工作12小时，肯定累坏了。根据句意为判断，此处表示“（肯定的）推测”。故填must。 2. There ________ be no happy marriage between two control freaks. 【解析】can 句意：两个控制狂之间不可能有幸福的婚姻。根据句意为判断，此处表示“（否定的）推测”。否定推测一般用can’t / couldn’t + 动词原形。故填can。 3. Your parrot sounds amazing. ________ I take a look? 【解析】May / Can / Could 句意：你的鹦鹉听起来很棒，我能瞧瞧吗？may一般表示非常正式、礼貌的语气，适合对陌生人或长辈使用。适用场景：正式场合、书面请求，或对需要特别尊重的人。Can / Could语气上更加委婉。故填May / Can / Could。 4. The train ________ get delayed; otherwise it would have arrived at 9:00 sharp. 【解析】must 句意：火车肯定晚点了，否则本该9点整到达。must此处表示肯定推测。must + 动词原形表示对现在情况的确定性推测(根据现有迹象判断)。本句中，火车未准时到达(结果)，因此推测“肯定晚点了” (原因)。故填must。 5. While studying abroad, he ________ call his parents every Sunday without fail. 【解析】would 句意：留学期间，他每周日必定给父母打电话。would可以表示过去习惯性动作。“would + 动词原形”用于描述过去 规律性、重复性 的行为(常搭配时间频率词如 every Sunday, always, often)。本句中every Sunday without fail (每周日必定)明确提示这是过去的固定习惯。 6. Delegates ________ raise their hands to request permission to speak. 【解析】shall 句意：代表们须举手请求发言许可。shall在正式规则中表示强制性义务(≈ must)，常见于法律、规章或权威指令。现代英语中，must或are to更口语化。但shall保留正式性。 7. If the weather is this hot tomorrow, we ________ as well give up the idea of playing tennis in the afternoon. 【解析】may / might 句意：如果明天天气这么热，我们下午还是放弃打网球吧。may/might as well是固定搭配。may / might as well + 动词原形表示“不妨；还不如”，用于建议或无奈接受某种选择。本句中因天气太热，打网球不现实，因此“不如放弃”。may as well稍正式，语气更中性。might as well更口语化，隐含更多“无奈”或“勉强”。 8. We ________ have checked the weather forecast before hiking. 【解析】should 句意：我们远足前本应查看天气预报的。should (not) have + 过去分词表示与过去事实相反的假设，强调“本应做而未做”或“本不应做却做了”。语气上表示自责/遗憾或批评/指责。 9. The door was open when I came home. Someone ________ have broken in. 【解析】must 句意：我回家时门开着，肯定有人闯入了。must have + 过去分词表肯定推测。根据门开着(客观证据)，推断有人闯入(确定性结论)。语气强度90%以上把握(几乎确定)。前半句 The door was open是推测的依据，需用 must have done 连接因果。 10. People ______ not worry, because space vegetables are actually very healthy. 【解析】need 句意：人们没必要担心，因为太空蔬菜是很安全的。need not表示“不必”。need 作情态动词时，直接加 not 构成否定(无需助动词)。语义上相当于don’t need to (不需要)，但后者更正式或书面化。后半句 because space vegetables are healthy提供了“无需担心”的理由，与 need not的逻辑完美契合。 题组二　虚拟语气集训 1. “How I wish I ________ (join) you on the trip, but I’m stuck at work.” said the twins with one voice. 【解析】could join 句意：“真希望能和你一起去旅行，可惜工作走不开。”那对双胞胎异口同声地说。How I wish表达对现在或未来的强烈愿望，但隐含现实无法实现的遗憾。需接与事实相反的虚拟语气，动词用过去式(表现在)或could/would + 动词原形(表能力/意愿)。这里用could join表示能力上希望做到但实际不能(因工作无法脱身)。 2. If Romeo had stayed silent, fate ________ (tear) them apart anyway. 【解析】would have torn 句意：即使罗密欧当时沉默，命运 终究 会拆散他们。根据前面从句中的时态可知，此空表示对过去事情的假设，应该用“would + have done”结构。 3. Had the teacher not explained it again, the class ________ (stick) on that problem. 【解析】would have been stuck 句意：如果老师没再解释一遍，全班都会卡在这道题上。前句是省略 if 的倒装句，表示与过去事实相反的假设(实际老师解释了)。主句需用 would/could/might + have + 过去分词表假设结果。be stuck on是固定搭配，意为“被卡住/困在...”。全句逻辑是“若老师未解释，班级会卡在题目上”。→ 但实际老师解释了，班级未受困。 4. The HR manager proposed (that) new employees ________ (complete) the training program. 【解析】(should) complete 句意：人力资源经理提议新员工应完成培训计划。动词 propose 后接 that从句时，需用 (should) + 动词原形的虚拟语气形式。should可省略(尤其美式英语)，但保留更正式。主句动词(如 propose, suggest, recommend, insist)表示建议、要求、命令时，从句用虚拟语气。 5. After the car crash, he stood up and brushed off his clothes as if nothing ________ (happen). 【解析】had happened 句意：车祸后，他站起来掸掸衣服，像没事人一样。as if/as though引导的从句需用虚拟语气，表示“与事实相反的行为或状态”。根据主句时态(stood up, 过去式)，从句需用过去完成时(had happened)，表示“假装某事在过去未发生“但实际已发生”。 6. The manager demanded that the report ________ (submit) by 5 PM. 【解析】(should) be submitted 句意：经理要求报告须在下午5点前提交。动词 demand后接that从句时，需用“(should) + 动词原形”的虚拟语气形式。should可省略(尤其美式英语)，但保留更正式。从句中主语 the report 是动作 submit 的承受者，需用被动语态be submitted。 7. Only after her friend moved away did she feel that she should ________ (spend) more time with her. 【解析】have spent 句意：朋友搬走后，她才觉得本应多陪陪她。should have + 过去分词表示“过去本应做某事却未做”，强调后悔或遗憾。时间逻辑：Only after her friend moved away (朋友搬走后)是过去时间点。反思的内容(spend time)发生在朋友搬走前，属于过去的时间，需用完成时should have spent。 8. The old soldier spoke of the war as if it ________ (be) yesterday, though 50 years had passed. 【解析】were 句意：老兵谈及那场战争，仿佛就在昨日，尽管已过去50年。as if/as though引导的从句需用虚拟语气，表示“与事实相反的比较”。此处it were yesterday隐含“战争并非发生在昨天(实际是50年前)”，故用虚拟语气。在虚拟语气中，be动词无论主语人称，一律用were (正式用法)。口语中可用 was，但考试或正式写作中建议用 were。 9. If only Van Gogh ________ (sell) just one painting in his lifetime — how the colors of his despair might have softened. 【解析】had sold 句意：若梵高生前卖出一幅画，他绝望的色调或将温柔几分。If only+过去完成时(had done)表示“与过去事实相反的强烈愿望”。梵高生前几乎未卖出画作，故需用 had sold 表达“本可发生却未发生”的遗憾。 10. But for the invention of penicillin, millions ________ (die) from bacterial infections. 【解析】might / would have died 句意：若非青霉素的发明，数百万人或已死于细菌感染。But for是虚拟语气的正式表达，相当于If it had not been for或 Without，表示“如果没有某事物，结果会不同”。主句需用虚拟语气：would have died是确定性推测(必然死亡)；might have died：可能性推测(可能死亡，语气稍弱)。 题组三　情态动词和虚拟语气专练(1) The Power of Kindness in Our Daily Life Kindness can transform ordinary moments into something extraordinary. If everyone 1  (be) just a little more thoughtful, our communities would flourish with positivity. We 2  never underestimate how a simple act of kindness might change someone’s entire day. Imagine if you saw someone struggling with their studies - you  3  (offer) help. Such gestures may appear small, but they  4  create ripples of goodwill. Some people might argue that one person’s actions wouldn’t make a difference, but what if we all 5  (take) that first step? Society  6  undoubtedly become more harmonious. Teachers 7 encourage kindness in classrooms. If only more people recognized its power, bullying  8 (decrease) significantly. Even holding the door for a stranger is something we should all do regularly. In conclusion, kindness is a language everyone understands. By practicing it daily, we  9  just discover that happiness often comes from helping others. The world would be a much better place if we all  10 (choose) to be kind whenever possible. 【导语】本文以“善良的力量”为主题，通过情态动词和虚拟语气的灵活运用，探讨了日常善举对社会和个人的积极影响。文章采用三段式结构，先阐述善良的普遍价值，再举例说明具体应用，最后总结呼吁。 1. were 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果每个人都更体贴一点。此空考查与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。If从句中用were表示假设，主句用would do结构。 2. should 考查情态动词。句意：我们绝不应低估...。此空表示建议/义务的表达。should表示“应当”，语气比must温和。 3. could offer 考查情态动词。句意：你可以提供帮助。此空表示委婉建议。could比can更委婉，体现礼貌建议 4. can 考查情态动词。句意：它们能够产生善意的涟漪。此处表示能力/可能性。表示客观可能性，常用can。 5. took 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们都迈出第一步。表示与现在事实相反的假设，常用动词过去时。what if从句中用过去式表虚拟语气。 6. would 考查情态动词。句意：社会无疑会变得更和谐。此处考查虚拟结果，主句虚拟语气标准结构。 7. ought to/should 考查情态动词。句意：老师应该鼓励善良。此处表示责任义务表达。ought to比should正式，均表责任。 8. could decrease 考查情态动词。句意：霸凌现象可能会显著减少。此处表示可能性推测。could表示理论上的可能性。 9. might 考查情态动词。句意：我们或许会发现...。用might表示较小可能性。might比may可能性更弱。 10. chose 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果大家都选择善良。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设。主句中用的是would be，从句就应该用过去时表示虚拟语气。 题组三　情态动词和虚拟语气专练(2) The Importance of Water Safety This Summer As summer arrives, many children enjoy swimming to cool off. However, without proper supervision, fun activities    1    (turn) dangerous. Were parents to ignore safety rules, tragedies    2    (occur). But for lifeguards’ presence at public pools, more accidents    3    (happen). If last year’s drowning incidents    4     (take) more seriously, some precious livescould have been saved. Children should always swim with adults nearby. If a child    5   (struggle) in deep water, immediate help could save their life. If only every parent    6     (realize) how quickly drowning happens! Even strong swimmers    7    (get) caught in currents. Had more schools taught water safety earlier, fewer tragedies    8    (occur) in previous summers. We must remember: never swim alone. Without life jackets in open water, risks    9    (increase). Should you see someone in trouble, call for help immediately. Let’s make this summer safe. Were everyone to follow these rules, our children    10    (enjoy) worry-free fun. 1. could turn   2. might occur   3. would happen   4. had been taken   5. were to struggle / struggled / should struggle   6. realized   7. might get   8. would have occurred   9. would increase   10. would enjoy 【导语】本文围绕暑期儿童防溺水安全主题，强调水上安全的重要性。文章首先指出缺乏监管的危险性，接着通过假设情景说明安全措施的必要性，最后提出安全建议。 1. could turn 考查虚拟语气。句意：没有适当监管，娱乐活动可能变得危险。without引导的含蓄条件虚拟句，相当于一个含有否定的条件从句。without短语暗示条件，主句用could表示可能结果。 2. might occur 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果父母忽视安全规则，悲剧可能发生。were型倒装虚拟条件句：Were+主语+to do构成倒装虚拟条件，might表示较小可能性。 3. would happen 考查虚拟语气。句意：若不是有救生员在场，更多事故会发生。but for引导的含蓄虚拟句，相当于if it were not for，主句用would表必然结果。 4. had been taken 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果去年的溺水事件被更认真对待。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件，常用had+过去分词。if从句用had done表示过去未实现的假设。 5. were to struggle/struggled/should struggle 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果孩子在深水区挣扎。表示对将来的假设，虚拟条件句中经常用三种形式。were to do (正式) / did (常规) / should do (较小可能)均可表虚拟。 6. realized 考查虚拟语气。句意：要是每位家长都能意识到...。if only引导的愿望虚拟句中，常用动词过去式。if only后用过去式表示与现在事实相反的愿望。 7. might get 考查情态动词。句意：即使善泳者也可能被水流困住。可能性推测，might表示较小可能性。 8. would have occurred 考查虚拟语气。句意：若有更多学校早开展安全教育。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟结果，主句中常用would have+过去分词，从句中则用had done。 9. would increase 考查虚拟语气。句意：没有救生衣风险会增加。without引导的含蓄虚拟，隐含否定条件，would表必然结果。 10. would enjoy 考查虚拟语气。句意：若每个人都遵守规则。were型倒装虚拟的条件句，Were+主语+to do倒装结构，主句用would+动词原形表结果。 (2018年6月浙江高考改编)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese ______ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners _________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ___ can be to eat out. I still remember _______ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ____________ (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. While regularly eating out seems to ____________ (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be __________ (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even ______ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _______(weigh) problems. If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you ________ (go) to your mum’s home for dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket. II.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) dishes who/that it visiting was shocked have become affordable higher weight (should) go 【导语】本文探讨了现代人外出就餐增多的现象及其潜在危害，通过中西方对比，分析经常外食对经济与健康的影响，最终建议向家人学习烹饪以改善健康并节省开支。 1. dishes 考查可数名词复数。句意：做中国菜被认为特别麻烦。dish指具体菜肴时为可数名词，需用复数表泛指。 2. who/that 考查定语从句引导词(关系代词)。句意：许多来中国的西方人...。先行词westerners指人，从句缺主语，可用who/that。 3. it 考查it作形式主语。句意：他们发现外出就餐很便宜。真正主语是to eat out，需用it作形式主语。 4. visiting 考查动名词。句意：我记得拜访过一位朋友。此空考查remember doing结构，remember后接动名词表已发生的动作。 5. was shocked 考查过去时被动语态。句意：我得知她从未做饭时很震惊。主语I与shock构成被动关系，需用be shocked。 6. have become 考查现在完成时。句意：近年来外出就餐已变得普遍。此空用现在完成时表持续影响。句中的in recent years经常与现在完成时连用。 7. affordable 考查系表结构(形容词做表语)。句意：每周外出就餐一两次或许负担得起。may be后需接形容词affordable (可承担的)。 8. higher 考查形容词比较级。句意：对健康可能有更高代价。even修饰比较级，与前半句money形成对比。 9. weight 考查名词固定搭配。句意：与体重问题增加有直接关联。weight problems是固定短语，指肥胖等健康问题。 10. (should) go 考查虚拟语气。句意：我建议你下次去母亲家吃饭时...。suggest that + 虚拟语气，suggest表建议时，从句用(should)+动词原形。 Thank you $$