专题4.1 定语从句（重温高考 + 考点精析 + 易错点聚焦 + 考点集训）2026届高考英语一轮复习【语法核心突破·精讲精练】

专题4.1 定语从句 2026届高考英语一轮复习 【语法核心突破•精讲精练】 目录 contents 1. 重温2020-2025年高考真题 2. 考点精析 3. 书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦 4. 考点集训 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(定语从句专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 考向1 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 考向2 “介词＋whom/which”或关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 考向3 关系代词或关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 定语从句的句法功能及相关定义 定语从句的核心考点 考向1 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 单句语法填空 1. (2024年全国新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands __ (as) a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the __ (richness) of gardening in England. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：温室作为当代设计的一个伟大成就，将中国西南部的植物安置在丝绸之路的尽头，将植物从它们在亚洲的本土栖息地带到英国，从而阐明了英国园艺的丰富性。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 1. 重温高考真题 which/that 2. (2024年1月浙江高考英语)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ___________ will make them the most money. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构，它们会以能赚最多钱的方式定价商品。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句并在从句中作主语的关系代词。先行词为 way，故应填 that / which。 that / which 3. (2023·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life...... 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：但北京虽然拥有众多古建筑，却也是一个欢迎现代生活快速发展的城市。此空修饰前面表示地点的名词，并同时在从句中做主语，只能用关系代词。故填that / which。 that / which 4. (2022·新高考全国I卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处应用限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，并在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。 that 5. (2021·新高考全国II卷) I decided that if I learned of a company ___________ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中做主语，所以用which或that。 which /that 6. (2020·新高考全国I卷) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ____________ opened in 1759. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士收集的80,000件物品，形成了1759年开放的大英博物馆的核心藏品。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，所以用which或that。故填which / that。 which / that 7. (2020·新高考全国II卷) The Digital World is a set of volumes ___________ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会，并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多相互作用的组成部分的书籍。所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面的名词volumes，指物，并在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 that/which 8. (2020·新高考全国III卷) In ancient China lived an artist _______ paintings were almost lifelike. 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎和真的一样。此处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词artist，指人，且定语从句中缺少定语，故填whose。 whose 考向2 “介词＋whom/which”或关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 单句语法填空 1. (2020·全国I卷) Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：由于月球本身会阻挡与探测器直接的无线电通信，中国首先必须将一颗卫星送入月球上空的轨道，使其能够向航天器发送信号，并能与地球通信。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是表示地点的spot，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作状语，故填where。 where 2.（2025·浙江绍兴·二模）It captured the essence of a time         poetry, art, and philosophy boomed. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它捕捉到了一个诗歌、艺术和哲学蓬勃发展的时代的精髓。分析空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a time，在从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 when 3.（2025·江苏·二模）It was first discovered in the wooden structure of the Hemudu site        the ancestors lived more than 7,000 years ago. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它最初是在7,000多年前祖先居住的河姆渡遗址的木结构中发现的。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“the Hemudu site”，在定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 where 4.（2025·福建福州·一模）Chinese characters are the only pictorial written form in modern times, many of          have stories behind them. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：汉字是现代唯一的一种图画文字，其中许多汉字背后都有故事。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chinese characters，指物，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 which 5.（2025·福建福州·三模）This year, Xishuangbanna has introduced helicopter rides for aerial views of the water battles, and invited internet influencers       (to share) their experiences, through          more people can experience the joy of water. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：今年，西双版纳推出了直升机观光项目，游客可以乘坐直升机俯瞰水战的壮观场面，并且还邀请了网络红人来分享他们的经历，通过这些活动，更多的人能够体验到水带来的乐趣。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词experiences，介词through后用关系代词which，作宾语。故填which。 which 6.（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）Even during her absence, the number of her fans grew, many of _______ asked for her return. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：即使在她缺席期间，她的粉丝数量也在增长，其中许多人要求她回来。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 her fans，用来指人，且用在介词之后，做宾语，用关系代词whom。故填whom。 whom 考向3 关系代词或关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 单句语法填空 1. (2025年全国高考英语I卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese,     originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 which 2. (2025年全国高考英语II卷)Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family,           bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and      (central) heating doesn’t exist. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 where 3. (2025年高考英语浙江1月卷)Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, _______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：坦尼娅也在关注非正式服装，而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服，她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给旅行者，比如那些前往国外参加婚礼的人，并提供更长期的租赁服务。“____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词less formal clothing，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 which 4. (2025年高考英语北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists      (left) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year,         accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 which 5. (2024年全国新课标II卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 who 6. (2024年全国高考英语甲卷)Yellowstone was the __ (largest) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _______ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 which 7. (2024年高考英语北京卷)Tinniswood, _____ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 who 8. (2023·新课标全国III卷) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ______ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks. 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一些人认为，生活在公元前551年至479年左右的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。空前有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。 who 9. (2023年高考英语北京卷)Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____ ____ thousands were attending a water conference. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 where 10. (2022·全国甲卷) On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _____ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅途中，因车祸失明八岁的曹圣康穿越了三个省份的40个城市和县。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是Cao Shengkang，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填who。 who 2.考点精析 框架结构图 定语从句 关系词 定义 分类 that和which的区别 关系代词 关系副词 指代人 who whom whose that as 指代物 which whose that as when --- 时间 where--- 地点 why --- 原因 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 只用that的情况 只用which的情况 定语从句的句法功能及相关定义 1. 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。 2. 位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。 The scientist who / that discovered climate feedback loops won a Nobel Prize. Those who support the constructing plan raise your hands, please. The fossil fuels (that / which) we burn today will affect future generations. The new climate model, of which the details were just released, predicts worse outcomes. The report, whose / of which findings shocked the world, was published last week. The climate activists, of whom Greta Thunberg is the most famous, demand urgent action. Global temperatures are rising, as scientists have repeatedly warned. 3. 先行词：被定语从句修饰词称为先行词。 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-, any-, every-, no-与-body, -thing的合成词或all, none, any, some, that, those等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。 4. 关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as等。 关系副词：when, where, why等。 1. Is there anybody (that) you know who works in renewable energy? 2. Scientists found something (that) they had never seen before in the Arctic. 3. None of these glaciers, which once seemed permanent, will survive this century. 4. None who deny climate science can be taken seriously. 5. Do you have any books (that) you recommend on climate solutions? 6. Any of the experts who reviewed the report agreed with its conclusions. 7. Those who pollute the most should pay the highest taxes. 8. The emissions levels are higher than those (that) we saw in the 1990s. 定语从句的核心考点 1．确定关系词的步骤： (1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。 (2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。 (1)关系词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 We visited a place which is famous for its cherry blossoms. 我们去了一个以樱花闻名的地方。 (2)关系词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many palaces (that / which) we can visit in China. (visit后面不能再加many palaces / them) 在中国有很多宫殿我们可以参观。 2. 在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词用that而不用which： (1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the first climate report that accurately predicted sea-level rise. 这是第一份准确预测海平面上升的气候报告。 She was the last scientist that questioned the global warming data. 她是最后一个质疑全球变暖数据的科学家。 The Amazon is the most biodiverse forest that exists on Earth. 亚马逊是地球上生物多样性最丰富的森林。 (2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the same, few等修饰时。 All the data that we collected supports climate change. 我们收集的所有数据都支持气候变化的存在。 (3)先行词为all, much, little, none, few, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时。 He is the very man that saved the drowning girl out of water. 他就是那个从水中救出溺水女孩的人。 (4)先行词中既有人又有物时。 The teachers and the textbooks that influenced me are unforgettable. 影响我的老师和课本都令人难忘。 She thanked the volunteers and the donations that saved the project. 她感谢挽救该项目的志愿者和捐赠物资。 (5)先行词在主句中作表语时。 She is the one that / who was responsible for the project. 她是负责这个项目的那个人。 (6)关系代词在从句中做表语 She is no longer the confident speaker (that) she was in college. 她不再是大学时那个自信的演讲者了。 (7)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 In which year that the pandemic started did global emissions drop? 疫情开始的哪一年全球碳排放下降了？ Who is the person that stands for the Chinese team? 谁代表中国队？ 3. 用which而不用that的情况： (1)在非限制性定语从句中。 The temperature rose to 40℃, which was unprecedented. 气温升至40℃，这是前所未有的。 (2)当关系词前有介词时。 He published a groundbreaking theory, for which he received widespread recognition. 他发表了一项突破性理论，为此他获得了广泛认可。 (3)当先行词本身是that时。 Natural water is that which contains impurities (杂质). 天然水是含有杂质的。 (4)关系词后有插入语时。 His proposal, which, I believe, is the most practical, deserves funding. 他的提案——我认为是最可行的——值得资助。 4. 关系词who与that指人时，根据不同情况分别用不同的关系词。 (1)当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。 There were hundreds of volunteers who helped after the earthquake. 地震发生后，有数百名志愿者提供了帮助。 (2)先行词是anyone, those, someone, everyone, one等词时，关系词用who。 Everyone who attended the meeting received a certificate. 参加会议的每个人都收到了证书。 (3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。 Who are the students that won the science competition? 赢得科学竞赛的那些学生是谁？ 5. whom在从句中只作宾语，有时可被who取代。 The company has employees (who / whom) remote work is essential for. 这家公司有必须远程办公的员工。 6. whose作关系词即指人又指物，在从句中作定语。 Mr Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework hasn’t been handed in. We live in a house whose windows open to the south. 7. 关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 (1)先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many (much)中，从句都用as引导。 We need such materials as can withstand high temperatures. 我们需要能耐高温的这类材料。 注意： ①such...that...引导结果状语从句。如： They are such difficult questions that no one could answer them. 这些问题如此难，以至于没人能回答。 ②the same...as...和the same...that...都可引导定语从句，前者表示“与……同样的(但不是同一个)”；后者表示“同一个，就是那个”。如： This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这同我昨天丢失的那支钢笔一样。(但不是同一支) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢的那支钢笔。(同一支) (2)先行词为整个主语或主句的一部分，非限制性定语从句用as或which引导。 区别： ①位置上：as从句可置于句首，也可在句中或句尾：which 引导的非限制定语从句只能放在主句之后。 ②意义上：as具有“正如，像”；而which常译为“这一点，这件事”。 For instance, as we all know, dogs recognize each other via smell. 例如，众所周知，狗狗通过嗅觉来识别彼此。 The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents. 路面太滑，导致了多起事故。 As we all know, a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well. 众所周知，如果我们想学好英语，一个好的学习环境是至关重要的。 ③which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，其代指整个主句，主从句的关系是因果关系。 The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents. (因为路滑，所以出事) 8. 关系副词when, where, why 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why, how的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。 when指时间＝in/at/on/during which where指地点＝in/at/on which why指原因＝for which I’ll never forget the day when (on which) we first met her. 我永远忘不了我们第一次遇见她的那一天。 I want to visit the country where (in which) my grandfather grew up. 我想去我祖父长大的那个国家。 The primary reason why (for which) the experiment failed was the contamination of samples. 实验失败的主要原因在于样本污染。 注意： ①在非限制性定语从句中，“介词+ which”结构不能代替关系副词。如： The Amazon rainforest, where biodiversity reaches its peak, is shrinking at an alarming rate. 亚马逊雨林——生物多样性最丰富的地区——正以惊人速度减少。 ②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。 The noise that (which) he couldn’t put up with drove him crazy. 他无法忍受的噪音让他发疯。 ③名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句。 The company launched a product, the design of which (that consumers praised) set a new trend. 该公司推出的产品——其设计（消费者称赞的）引领了新潮流。 The school currently has about 10,000 registered students, all of whom live on campus. 学校目前有大约10,000名注册学生，他们都住在校园里。 The documents were all destroyed, none of which had been copied. 文件全部被毁，无一备份。 According to this theory, the continents and ocean floors are parts of about 30 plates, the largest of which are shown. 根据这一理论，大陆和洋底是大约30个板块的组成部分，其中最大的板块已显示出来。 ④ that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，同时它又在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时，此时只能用that或which，而不能用when, where, why。 The museum that/which displays ancient tools, where archaeologists often visit, will expand. 那家展示古代工具的博物馆——考古学家常去的地方——将扩建。 I lost the pen (that/which) my brother gave me (that/which) he bought in Japan. 我弄丢了哥哥送我的那支他在日本买的钢笔。 I cherish the moments (that/which) we shared that/which made us laugh. 我珍惜我们共度的那些让我们欢笑的时刻。 ⑤ that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代when, where, why和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，其修饰的先行词常为the way, the time, the day, the place等，在口语中that常被省略。 It’s quite easy to make quite small changes to (that/in which) you work. 对(你/你工作)做出相当小的改变相当容易。 The day (that/when/on which) she arrived was last Thursday. 她到达的那天是上周四。 9. 必须注意的问题： (1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的单、复数该如何判定。 The team who are arguing need to focus. 正在争论的队员们需要集中注意力。 She is one of the scientists who have won the Nobel Prize. 她是获得诺贝尔奖的科学家之一。 He is the only student in the class who knows the answer. 他是班里唯一知道答案的学生。 (2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。 ①定语从句中关系词所作从句成分，在从句中的功能； ②强调句中it无意义，that/who不是引导词； ③去掉it is/was和that/who后，如果句子成分完整，句子能够讲得通（成立）则是强调句，讲不通（不成立）则不是强调句。 It is the stadium that / which we visited last month. (定语从句) It was in a five-star hotel that we stayed last night. (强调句) (3)that引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 ①定语从句的引导词称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。而且这个that还常可以用which来代替。而同位语从句的引导词叫作从属连词，that不充当任何成分，但一般不可省，也不能用which来代替。 The fact (that/which) they complained about was never resolved. 他们抱怨的事实从未解决。 (that/which在从句中作about的宾语 定语从句) The fact that the Earth revolves around the Sun is undeniable. 地球绕太阳转的事实是不可否认的。 (that只起连接作用 同位语从句) The news that shocked everyone turned out to be a rumor. 震惊所有人的消息原来是谣言。 (that在从句中作shocked的主语 定语从句) I was thrilled at the news that my favourite football team won the World Cup. 我喜欢的足球队赢得世界杯的消息让我激动不已。 (that只起连接作用 同位语从句) ②定语从句的先行词可以是人，也可以是具体事物或抽象概念。修饰其前面名词或代词(先行词)，说明其先行词性质特征的；而同位语从句进一步说明其前面名词(大多为抽象名词)的内容。 We expressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs. 我们向他们表达了我们的愿望，那也是他们同样的愿望。(定语从句) Word came that our school is going to hold a class meeting whose topic is related to Chinese traditional customs. 听说我们学校要开班会，主题与中国的传统习俗有关。(同位语从句) ③根据引导词来区别。如果引导从句的词为when, where或者why，而其前面的名词又分别表示时间、地点、原因等意义，则它们为关系副词，引导的是定语从句。例如： We all look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more secrets of the universe. 我们都期待着科学家们能够发现更多宇宙的秘密的那一天。 (定语从句) 而这些连接副词与前面的名词意义不相关时，这些词便是连接副词，引导同位语从句前面的名词往往也是idea, truth, news等。例如： The question when we will start the work is not decided. 我们何时开始工作还没有决定。(同位语从句) I have no idea how this would translate into Chinese. 我不知道这怎么翻译成中文。(同位语从句) (4)关系词在定语从句中省略的情况。 ①关系词作宾语，前无介词时； She didn’t say anything (that/which) I didn’t already know. 她说的没有什么是我不知道的。 Who is the student (who/whom/that) the teacher praised? 被老师表扬的那个学生是谁？ ②关系词作表语。 Our friendship is not the simple bond (that) it was in childhood. 我们的友谊已不像童年时那样单纯了。 (5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词一般用which, whom和whose＋名词引导从句。 The hypothesis in support of which they provided evidence was later disproven. 他们提供证据支持的那个假设后来被推翻了。 The client on behalf of whom we submitted the application has been notified. 我们代理提交申请的客户已收到通知。 The novel, whose publication was delayed for years, became a bestseller. 那部出版被推迟多年的小说最终成了畅销书。 (6)几个特殊的定语从句句型： ①This is the only one of the books that deals with the topic deeply. 这是这些书中唯一深入探讨该主题的一本。 (句中one为先行词) This is one of the books that deals with the topic deeply. 这是一本深入探讨该主题的书。 (句中books为先行词) ②Is this book the one (that) you thought (that) we had lost permanently? 这本书是你以为我们永远丢失的那本吗？ Is this the book (that / which) you thought (that) we had lost permanently? 这就是你以为我们已永久遗失的那本书吗？ ③He hid himself in a tree, from where he could see the enemy in the distance. 他把自己藏在一棵树上，从那里他可以看到远处的敌人。 ④I may work to 12 o’clock, in which case I’ll telephone you. 我可能工作到12点，那样的话我会打电话给你。 3.书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦 (一)定语从句意识缺失 1. 关系代词被普通代词取代 The dataset includes 100,000 images, some of them are specific to low-light conditions. The dataset includes 100,000 images, some of which are specific to low-light conditions. 2. 关系代词遗漏 The last student submitted the paper received extra feedback. The last student who submitted the paper received extra feedback. There are some international students struggle with academic writing in English. There are some international students who struggle with academic writing in English. 第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。 (误) (正) (误) (正) (误) (正) (二)似是而非的定语从句 1. 有从无主式 My friend Mr. Thompson, who is always willing to direct newcomers. My friend, Mr. Thompson, is always willing to direct newcomers. My friend Mr. Thompson, who has 20 years of industry experience, is always willing to direct newcomers. 第一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。 (误) (正) (正) 2. 画蛇添足式 As Einstein famously theorized, that time is relative to the observer’s frame of reference. As our financial analysis suggests, expanding into Asian markets now which poses high risks. Last quarter we launched 5 new products, and some of which have already exceeded sales targets. 第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词的。所以应去掉that。 第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的which是多余的。 第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。 (误) (误) (误) 4. 考 点 集 训 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. The scientist _________ discovered this chemical reaction won the Nobel Prize. 【解析】who 考查关系代词。句意：发现该化学反应的科学家获得了诺贝尔奖。根据句子结构来看，此空引导定语从句，而且who 在从句中作主语，指代scientist。故填who。 2. The artist _________ we met at the gallery is holding an exhibition next month. 【解析】whom / who 考查关系代词。句意：我们在画廊遇见的那位艺术家下月将举办展览。根据句子结构来看，此空引导定语从句，而且who / whom 作 met 的宾语，正式文体中可替换为 who 或省略。 3. The company _________ CEO resigned yesterday saw a 20% stock drop. 【解析】whose 考查关系代词。句意：其CEO昨日辞职的公司股价下跌20%。根据句子结构来看，此空引导定语从句，whose指代company，表示所属关系(= the CEO of which)。故填whose。 4. This is the novel _________ changed my perspective on life. 【解析】that / which 考查关系代词。句意：这本小说改变了我的生活观。根据句子结构来看，此空引导定语从句，指代前面表物的名词，可以用that / which，同时在从句中做主语，不可省略。故填that / which。 5. The Mars Rover, _________ was launched in 2020, has sent back groundbreaking data. 【解析】which 考查关系代词。句意：2020年发射的火星车已传回突破性数据。此空引导非限制性定语从句，逗号隔开的从句是补充信息，删除后不影响主句完整性。此时必须用 which，不能用 that。which指代主句中的The Mars Rover (物)，在从句中作主语。 6. I still remember the day _________ we first met. 【解析】when 考查关系副词。句意：我仍记得我们初次相见的那天。根据句子结构来看，此空引导定语从句，用关系副词 when，从句中结构完整。当先行词是时间名词，且从句缺少时间状语时，用 when。when = on/in/at which，在从句中作时间状语。 7. Do you know the city _________ the Olympics will be held in 2032? 【解析】where 考查关系副词。句意：你知道2032年将举办奥运会的那座城市吗？根据句子结构来看，此空应用定语从句引导词，修饰表示地点名词the city (城市)。where是关系副词，相当于in which，在定语从句中作 地点状语。故填where。 8. She didn’t tell me the reason _________ she quit her job from the big company. 【解析】why 考查关系副词。句意：她没有告诉我她辞职的原因。根据句子结构来看，此空应用定语从句引导词，修饰表示原因的名词the reason。此空应该用修饰表“原因”的引导词why。why = for which，修饰reason。故填why。 9. The colleague with _________ I collaborated has moved to another department. 【解析】whom 考查关系代词。句意：与我合作的那位同事已调至其他部门。根据句子结构来看，此空引导定语从句，空处需填关系代词。从句中collaborated是vi.，通常与介词with搭配使用，即collaborate with someone (与某人合作)。因此，关系代词需要与介词搭配。故填whom。 10. The theory in support of _________ they presented new evidence was controversial. 【解析】which 考查关系代词。句意：他们提供新证据支持的理论曾存在争议。根据句子结构来看，此空引导定语从句，空处需填关系代词。定语从句中结构完整，复杂介词 in support of 后必须接which，在从句中做状语，不可用that。故填which。 Ⅱ.语法填空(定语从句专练)原创 Protecting Our Planet: Actions to Improve the Ecological Environment The Earth, which sustains all life forms, is facing serious environmental threats. Scientists 1 study climate change warn that we need to act now. Pollution,  2  comes from factories, cars and other sources, is harming our air, water and soil. Governments  3  policies focus on sustainability can lead this important work. We must protect natural places  4  plants and animals live. The time  5  we need to take action is now, because waiting will be catastrophic. This is the reason  6  learning about the environment matters - it helps people see that small everyday choices can help a lot. Clean energy sources such as solar and wind power,  7  we know, can help us use less fossil fuel. People  8  live in green ways help too. Simple things like taking buses,  9  causes less pollution, or using reusable bags, whose benefits are clear, all add up to make a difference. Companies 10  use earth-friendly methods show how business can help. By working together, we can fix nature  11  balance has been damaged. The future  12 everyone has clean air and water is worth working for. Remember, every good thing we do helps our planet! 【导语】本文是一篇关于环境保护的英语文章，讨论了地球面临的环境威胁、科学家警告、污染来源、政府政策、自然保护、清洁能源等多个环保话题。 who 考查关系代词。句意：研究气候变化的科学家警告我们需要立即行动。此空修饰先行词Scientists，指人，且在从句中作主语，用who引导限制性定语从句。 which 考查关系代词。句意：来自工厂、汽车等来源的污染正在危害我们的空气、水和土壤。此空修饰先行词Pollution，指物，用which引导非限制性定语从句(前后有逗号)。 whose 考查关系代词。句意：政策关注可持续发展的政府可以领导这项工作。根据句子需要结构来看，先行词Governments与从句中policies构成所属关系，用whose表示“政府的政策”。 where 考查关系副词。句意：我们必须保护动植物生存的自然场所。此空修饰先行词places，表地点，用where引导定语从句，相当于in which。 when 考查关系副词。句意：我们需要采取行动的时刻就是现在。此空修饰先行词time，表时间，用when引导定语从句，相当于at which。 6. why 考查关系副词。句意：这就是学习环境知识很重要的原因。此空修饰先行词reason，后接why引导定语从句，说明原因，相当于for which。 7. as 考查关系代词。句意：正如我们所知，清洁能源可以减少化石燃料使用。固定结构as we know作为插入语，表示“正如我们所知”。 8. that/who 考查关系代词。句意：采取绿色生活方式的人们也能提供帮助。此空修饰先行词People，指人，同时在从句中做主语，可用who或that引导限制性定语从句。 9. which 考查关系代词。句意：像乘坐公交这样造成较少污染的小事...。此空应该是非限制性定语从句(前后有逗号)，修饰前面整个短语，只能用which。 10. that/which 考查关系代词。句意：使用环保方法的公司展示了企业如何提供帮助。此空应该是限制性定语从句，修饰Companies，指物，同时在从句中做主语，可用that或which。 11. whose 考查关系代词。句意：我们可以修复生态平衡遭到破坏的自然。根据句子需要结构来看，先行词nature与从句中balance构成所属关系，用whose。 12. when 考查关系副词。句意：人人都能享有清洁空气和水的未来值得我们去奋斗。此空修饰先行词future，表时间，用when引导定语从句。 III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) (2024年高考英语全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are _________ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ______ is now northwestern Wyoming. They _____ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should ________ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with ____ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____ all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the ________ (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the ________ (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ______ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. to catch treasures what were be done its for completion largest which 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏，并为此做出了许多努力。 1. to catch 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 2. treasures 考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。 3. what 考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。 4. were 考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 5. be done 考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 6.its 考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 7.for 考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。 8.completion 考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 9.largest 考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。 10.which 考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 $$