2026年沪教牛津版中考英语一轮复习语法Lesson 3 介词&连词课件

lesson 3 Preposition & Conjunction 介词 连词 Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this module, students will be able to: 1. Understand how to use Conjunction and Preposition. 2. Use simple language to talk about the topic “I need more time”. 3. Know some facts about afternoon tea in the UK. Preposition 介词 PART 1 介词 Preposition 介词定义 介词是一种表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分，可与动词、名词构成短语，表示时间、地点、空间和其他关系。 表时间的介词 表地点和方位的介词 表示 手段、工具或方位的介词 介词短语 介词的分类 其他常见的介词 I woke up at 7 o’clock. Everyone seems happy at Christmas. on 表示具体某一天或具体某一天的 上午、下午和晚上 in 表示月份、季节、年份、世纪、 上午、下午、晚上 (时间段) at用于表示钟点或在某一时刻，有时用在节日前 一、时间介词 I will return to my hometown on 27th of this month. The story happened on a cold winter night. My birthday is in February. I was born in 2002. Life was different in the 19th century. by 表示“在...之前或到…为止” after+一段时间 “在...之后” They came back after two days. before 表示“在.....之前” You must go back home before 12 p.m. until “直到…… 为止” I waited until three o’clock. in +一段时间，表示“一段时间”，用于一般将来时 They will be back in two days. by 表示“在...之前或到…为止” Finish the report by Friday. 一、时间介词 since +时间点，表示“自从....”，用于现在完成时 They have been here since 5 days ago. for +时间段，表示“持续一段时间”，用于现在完成时 They have been here for 5 days. during“在....期间”，强调某个时间段内发生的事情或状态 During the past 2 years, he has made great progress. through表示“经过....” ,表示贯穿某段时间 Some animals sleep all through the winter. within表示“在...以内或处于...内” His computer has broken down 3 times within a day. 一、时间介词 in “在....里面”（在较大的地点） He arrived ________ the village last night. He arrived ________ Beijing 2 hours ago. 1 二、地点或方位介词 in at on “在....表面”(接触） at “在某地”（在较小的地点） 表示在某地：in/on/at e.g.Taiwan lies _______ the southeast of China.（台湾是中国的一部分） Shangdong Province lies _______the north of Jiangsu Province.（接壤） Japan lies _______ the east of China.（不接壤） 2 二、地点或方位介词 in 表示“在范围内” 表示两地之间的位置关系：in/on/to on 表示“相邻且接壤” to 表示“没接触，在区域外” to in on 二、地点或方位介词 3 表示上下位置关系：on/over/above/beneath/below/under on——“在…上面”，有接触 over—— “在…垂直正上方”，无接触 above ——“在…斜上方，无接触 beneath——“在…下面”，有接触 under—— “在…垂直正下方”，无接触 below ——“在…斜下方”，无接触 between 表示“在两者之间” I sit between Jane and Mary. The song is very popular among teenagers. 4 二、地点或方位介词 表示在.....之间的位置关系：between/among among 表示“在(三者或以上)之中” Don’t forget to call me when walking past my house. He can go through the forest by himself. Be careful when you walk across the street. across 侧重“表面横过” 5 二、地点或方位介词 e.g. The light goes into the room ________ the window. A. cross B. through C. across D. between B 小试牛刀 表示穿过，经过的位置关系：across/through/past through 侧重“内部穿过” past 侧重“侧面经过” He lives near /by the river. He is stand beside Peter. I like playing by the sea. 二、地点或方位介词 6 表示在附近的位置关系：near/beside/by/next to near 表示“在……附近”（距离较远） beside/by 表示“在……旁边”（距离一般） next to 表示“紧挨着....”（距离较近） He lives near the city center. 他住在市中心附近。 She stood beside/by Peter yesterday. 昨天她站在皮特的旁边。 My best friend sits next to me in class. 上课时我最好的朋友坐在我旁边。 behind 二、地点或方位介词 7 表示前后的位置关系：before/behind/in front of/ in the front of before “在前面” behind “在后面” in front of.... “在....前面”（外部） in the front of.... “在..前部”（内部） Olive hid ________ a tree. 奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。 He made a speech ________ many audiences. 他在许多观众面前发表了讲话。 There’s a big tree _______________ the house. 房子外面前面有一棵大树。 The driver sits ________________ the bus. 司机坐在公交车内部的前排。 小试牛刀 behind in front of before in the front of 二、地点或方位介词 8 01 02 03 2）in 表示用某种方式，后可接表示语言、声音、颜色、交通工具等名词 in English in red in a taxi 1）by 表示用某种方法、手段或交通工具。 by Internet by selling flowers by bike 3）with 表示用某种具体的工具或手段 write with a pen 4）on 表示用某种方式，后可接表示交通工具、手段、通讯方式等名词 on the telephone on the radio on TV 三、手段、工具或方式 3）through 表示“通过，经由” Through / By / With her efforts, she succeeded in making so many useful inventions. 通过她的努力，她成功地制造出许多有用的发明。 as 表示“作为，以……身份”，后面接表示职业、职务、身份的名词 He is famous as a writer. like 表示“像……一样”，用于说明相似关系（实际上不是） The girl looks like her father. with 表示“和，同，与……，带着，随着” I often go shopping with my mother. without 表示“没有” I can’t finish the task without your help. against 表示“反对，违背”，反义词为 for,常用短语为play against 意为“与…… 对抗或比赛” We played against Class 9 yesterday afternoon. beyond 表示“超出，多于，为……所不能 及”，用来修饰范围、水平、限度和能力等 The problem is far beyond me. I’m afraid I can’t work it out. 四、其他常用介词 for 表示“因为....”，作为表原因的介词；可也用it is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.句型中，表示“对于...” He had to leave his homeland for political reasons. It's impossible for most people to own a big plane. of “.....的”，表示一种所属关系 The speed of the vehicle can be as fast as a plane. from from 说明开始的时间，可用于过去、 现在、将来的时态 We go to school from Monday to Friday. about/on about，on表示“关于”。about是常用词，只是涉及并不详细或深入探讨；on用于有准备的正式语言交流，如演讲、讲学等 Can you tell me something about the accident? He will give us a talk on Mars. 四、其他常用介词 except, besides, but except 指从整体中排除，意为“除 了…… (不包括在内)”，常与表示完全肯定或完全否定的词连用 All of us went to the zoo last Sunday except John. besides 指除了……之外，还有(包括在内), 常与 also, other, another 连用 All of us went to the zoo last Sunday besides John. but 表示“除了…之外”，多与 nobody, nothing 等否定词连用。当but前有do时，but后接动词原形 There is nothing but a bed in the room. 四、其他常用介词 1.一What happened to Mike? --He fell off the bike ______a snowy morning. A. in B. at C. on D.to 2.—Who else do you know at the party____Lucy and Lily? —Kate and John. A. with B. before C. besides D.as 3.—Your dress is so nice. Is it made________silk? ―Yes,and it is made_____Beijing, A. of; in B. by; at C. from; at D.for; in 4.—When will your parents come back from China? —______three weeks. A. of B. In C. At D. For 5.We couldn’t finished the work on time __________ your help. A. with B. like C. through D. without A C C B 练习 D Flying like a bird is the dream of most people.People have come up 1.______a lot of good ideas, 2. ________（include） making planes. But it's impossible 3.__________most people to own a big plane. What can they do? This new vehicle （车辆）is a good choice. It can make the dream come true.The new car is called Transition （转换器）.It looks very much 4.__________a plane. It has two long wings. In fact，it is a real plane. It can run on the road and fly 5.__________the sky. We can call it a flying car. The inventors 6.__________America love flying very much. They wanted to make a new vehicle.7.________many failures, they have invented this car 8._________last. The flying vehicle can fold its wings which make it possible to run 9.__________the street.The driver can make the wings straight，and then the vehicle can fly. It's so cool to drive the vehicle. The speed 10.___________the vehicle can be as fast as a plane. It's true. Though the Transition weighs about 600kg，it can take off and fly easily. How much is the Transition? It costs 194,000 dollars. If s not so expensive for some flight lovers. Please don't be suiprised and afraid when you see the car in your city.Do you like the transition? 语篇填空 in at in/on of with like for including After from 练习 Knowledge Map Conjunction 连词 PART 2 Conjunction 连词定义 连词是虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分，它只是起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的作用。 连词分为并列连词和从属连词。 1. and 连接并列分句，表示“和，并且”，分句间有着并列、顺承、对比或条件等关系。 He is a teacher and his wife is a doctor. （并列） He went into the restaurant and found a table by the window.（顺承） Tom likes singing and Jane likes dancing.（对比） Work hard and you’ll make it.（条件）= If you work hard, you will make it. 1 一、并列连词： 表示词、短语、从句或句子彼此之间具有并列关系。 表示“添加”关系：and/or 在否定句中列举并列成分不用and，而用or。例： We can’t eat or drink in the computer room. There is no air or water on the moon. = There is no air and no water on the moon. 2. both…and…（既…，又…），not only…but also…（不仅…，而且…），连接两个名词或代词，也可连接谓语动词。 例：Bill is both a good cook and a good dancer. both…and…连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； not only…but also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与最靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致（就近一致），also有时可以省略。 Both Peter and Tom students. Not only you but also he a top student. = Not only he but also you a top student. are are is 表示“添加”关系：both...and/not only…but also… 一、并列连词 2 表示“选择”关系：or/neither…nor…/either…or… or （或者） neither…nor…（既不……也不……） either…or…（或者……或者……；不是……就是……） 在两个并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要与最靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致（就近一致）。 You may go stay. Neither he nor I going there. = Neither I nor he going there. Either you or I crazy. = Either I or you crazy. or am is am are 3 表示“转折”和“对比”关系：or/but/yet/while or 表示 “否则”，侧重事情导致的后果； but/yet 表示转折，“但是..” , yet语气比but强烈； while 侧重前后对比，表示 “然而”，语气不强。 I must go now, ______ I will miss the last train. He was not very rich, _________ he was very happy. He likes dancing ______ I like singing. 4 表示“因果”关系：for/so for “因为，由于”，表示补充说明理由，一般不用句首；so “所以” 表示结果。 例：She felt no fear, ______ she is a brave girl. I am tired, _____ I stayed at home. 小试牛刀 or yet/but while for so 考点自测 从and，but，or，while，for，so中选择适当的词填空。 1.The dress fits me well,________ I don’t want to buy it because it’s too expensive. 2.When you are learning English, use it,__________ you will lose it. 3.It was snowing hard _________ we had to stay at home. 4.He is short ________ his brother is tall. 5.The shop is quite new, _________ it has been open for a week. 6.He likes English _________ he is good at it. but or so while for and 时间状语从句：when / while 当……时候 since 自从…. 以来 after 在…之后; before 在…之前 ; as soon as 一…就…; until 直到 条件状语从句：if 如果， unless 除非 宾语从句： if 是否 原因状语从句：because 因为 since 既然 目的状语从句： in order that / so that 以便，以致 结果状语从句：so… that …/such… that 如此……以至于…… 让步状语从句：though /although 虽然 比较状语从句：as… as … 像……一样 1 二、从属连词： 用来引导从句，与主句一起构成主从复合句。 用于状语从句中：引导词 二、从属连词 2 易错点： 1. until 在肯定句中的谓语动词必须为延续性动词， 意为“一直到… 结束”；在否定句中谓语动词必须为终止性动词，意为“直到… 才开始”。 例：He waited until his mother came back. He did not leave until his mother came back. 2. if (如果), unless (除非), as soon as (一...就...), when (当….时候) 等引导从句时候，主句是将来时 / 含有情态动词 / 祈使句，从句用一般现在时。 I will go if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. Call me when he comes back. You shouldn’t speak loudly in class unless you raises your hand. 二、从属连词 3. when 和while 都有“当…时候”, 但while 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词必须用表示状态的延续性动词，而when 不受此影响。 Please buy me some stamps while you are in the post office. 4. as… as …. “像….一样”,引导比较状语从句，结构中要用形容词或副词的原级。例：He can run as fast as his brother. 5. although / though 和but ; because 和so 不能出现在同一句（ although和 yet 可以）例：Though it is raining, they are still working in the field. Because he got up late, he was late for school. =He got up late, so he was late for school. 例： 一个如此小的男孩 so young a boy（ 只能用于单数名词） = such a young boy 一些如此有趣的书 such interesting books / so many books 如此多的书 他是如此小的男孩以至于不能去上学。 He is so young a boy that he can’t go to school. = He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school. = The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. = The boy is too young to go to school. = The boy is not old enough to go to school. 二、从属连词 6. 结果状语从句so…that… 与 such… that …. “如此...,以致于....” 注意主从句时态一致 adj. ★so + adv. + that 从句 many / few + 可数名词复数 much / little+ 不可数名词 ★so + adj. a / an + n. （单） + that 从句 ※such + a / an +adj. + n.（单） + that 从句 ※such + adj. + n. （ 复数 / 不可数名 ） + that 从句 他是如此小的男孩以致于不能去上学。 He is so young a boy that he can’t go to school. = He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school. = The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. = The boy is too young to go to school.= The boy is not old enough to go to school. 形容词副词用so 有名词用such 考点自测 选择填空 1._________ （Though/So） it is sunny, the temperature is very low. 2.We’re leaving for Guangzhou _________ （if/when） it is fine tomorrow. 3.He may be ill, __________ （because/when） he is absent today. 4.Spring comes _________ （since/after） winter. 5.He is _________ （so/such） smart that she can do it himself. 6.I was cooking _________ （when/while） she came in. 7.I will call you __________ （until/as soon as） I get there. 8.He is __________（such/so） a young boy that he can’t go to school. 9.He didn’t go to bed __________ （until/because）he finished the work. 10.You must speak louder ____________（so that/such that） I can hear you. Though if because after so when as soon as such until so that Culture PART 3 Several afternoon tea foods Types of Afternoon Tea Although many Americans think of afternoon tea as having a set menu, the simplest form of afternoon tea is cream tea. – a meal of tea, scones, and cream. Add fresh strawberries to cream tea and you have ​strawberry tea. If you add more sweets to cream tea, you get light tea. Add savory foods, like finger sandwiches  to light tea Afternoon Tea Class over PART 4 $$