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译林版 100天中考英语必备基础知识背诵-第9天 by (1) by + 交通工具,中间不需要任何冠词,交通工具不能用复数 by train/ bus/ ship/ bike 乘火车/ 公交车/ 轮船/ 自行车 air 空气,大气,不可数名词 go to Shanghai by air = go to Shanghai by plane (2)by 时间介词,不迟于,在…之前 (3)by 地点介词,在…旁边,靠近 He sits by the window. (4)by 副词,经过 pass by She looked up and saw a white rebit in a coat passing by. 她抬起头看见一只穿着外套的白兔从旁边经过。 (5)by表示程度(阅读中常见) The price has risen by 20%. 价格上涨了20%。 pass 及物动词,考试及格,传递,经过,通过 不及物动词经过,通过 过去式 passed 他从我前面经过。 He passed in front of me. 他从我前面经过。 Pass the post office then turn left. 经过邮局,然后左拐。 pass the exam 考试及格 pass it/ them to sb 代词放中间 pass sth to sb = pass sb sth 把某物传递给某人 问题:此时有被动用法吗? pass, passed, past的区别 pass为及物动词或不及物动词 passed是pass的过去式 past是介词 He always passed the threatre. He always walk past a threatre. break—-broken break动词,损坏 名词,休息,take a break休息一下 break down 抛锚 break out 爆发 broken 形容词,坏的,破碎的 The bike is broken. 这两自行车坏了。 The broken phone is his friend’s. 这部坏手机是他朋友的。 work和job 你爸爸做什么的?What’s your father? –He is a policeman. Job 工作,复数jobs 你妈妈是做什么的?What’s your mother? =What’s your mother’s job? Work 是不可数名词,工作 work作为可数名词,作品 works of art 艺术品 person 人,复数persons 这家一共多少人?How many persons are there in the family? 与people的区别:person是可数名词,people是复数名词 一个人 a person 许多人 many persons/ people Elder 年纪较长的, 哥哥 elder brother 弟弟 younger brother Old的比较级,elder和older,不同之处有: Elder仅用于家庭成员之间的比较 Elder在句中只能做定语从句,不做表语;older通常用作表语。 Elder只能用来指人,older既能修饰人也能修饰物。 The dog is older than any other dog here. worry动词 worry about 为…担心 worry about sb/ sth 担心某人/ 某事 worried 担心的,形容词 Don’t worry about your sister. Are you worrying/ worried about your homework? busy 忙于某某事 be busy doing sth 忙于某事 be busy with sth 有空做某事 have time to do sth fall 不及物动词,落下,掉下,倒 过去式fell,过去分词fallen 辨析:feel感觉,过去式felt Alice fell for a long time, and then she hit the ground. 爱丽丝向下掉了很长时间,然后才落地。 Becareful not to fall off the tree/ fall down from the tree/ fall from the tree. 小心不要从书上掉下来。 asleep, sleepy, sleep, sleeping asleep睡着的,只能做表语 fall asleep be asleep sleepy,做表语和定语,困倦的 be sleepy困倦的 feel sleepy感到困倦 a sleepy child一个昏昏欲睡的孩子 sleeping 睡着的,做定语或be + sleep(正在睡觉) a sleeping bag 一个睡袋 sleep 瞬时动词,睡觉,slept 延续性动词 be asleep safe安全的 副词safely 名词 safety 动词 save,储存,节省,挽救 反义词 dangerous,名词danger,副词dangerously carry\take sb. to safety把某人带到安全地带 food safety 食品安全 The plane landed safely in the end. 安全着陆 problem 问题,难题 have problems/ trouble/ difficulty doing sth 独自做某事 do sth alone/ by oneself/ on one’s own 不用谢 You’re welcome./ Not at all. / That’s all right. / That’s OK. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$