专题04 阅读理解议论文（知识清单）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题04 阅读理解---议论文 ( 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读 01 】 五年高考 议论文 考情统计 【知能解读 02 】 五年高考 议论文 考情解读 【知能解读 03 】 阅读理解 议论文 高频题型 【知能解读 04 】 阅读理解 议论文 选项特点 【知能解读 05 】 阅读理解 议论文 解题思路 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破 01 】 细节理解 题 【重难点突破 0 2 】 推理判断 题 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错 01 】 文章大意 题 【易混易错 0 2 】 写作意图 题 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【方法技巧 0 1 】 阅读理解 议论文 答题误区 【方法技巧 0 2 】 阅读理解 议论文 误区应对 【方法技巧 0 3 】 阅读理解 议论文 满分策略 ) 01五年高考议论文考情统计 卷别 主题 话题 词数 细节 理解题 猜测 词义题 推理 判断题 主旨 大意题 2025全国一卷 人与自然 反思街道功能重视城市宜居性 323+133 1 2 1 2024新课标I卷 人与自然 纸质阅读与数字阅读音频差异 345+145 1 1 2 2024全国甲卷 人与自然 书评-如何帮助作家写出好结尾 354+146 1 3 2023全国乙卷 人与社会 物品纳入历史理解无文字社会 343+130 1 2 1 2022全国甲卷 人与社会 介绍发现悉尼发展遇到的问题 340+152 1 2 1 2022全国乙卷 人与社会 书评-介绍Dorothy书籍并评价 319+122 2 2 2021新课标I卷 人与社会 作者提出情商研究的未来期望 297+126 1 2 1 2021全国甲卷 人与自然 作者提出“天才”有很多种形式 300+123 1 2 1 02五年高考议论文考情解读 1.选材范围 议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。 2.文体特征 议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。议论文通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题（引论）—分析问题（本论）—解决问题（结论）”。由此可见，要理解议论文有两个关键点，一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构——三段论式结构。 3.设题规律 从命题来看，阅读理解议论文考查学生对语篇的整体理解能力及细节信息的提取和推断能力，题型包括细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨大意题，其中推理判断题和主旨大意题占比最高。 03五年高考议论文高频题型 04阅读理解议论文选项特点 1.正确选项特征 同义替换 与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达 信息归纳 对分散或复杂的信息进行概括或比较 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达意思明了 原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项比较简单 2.干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容 无中生有 符合生活常识，但不是该文章的内容 曲解文意 极其相似但是细节处与原文有些出入 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭或完全相反 正误参半 选项内容部分正确，部分和原文错误 05阅读理解议论文解题思路 1.抓住论点主旨 阅读议论文最重要的是抓住文章的论点，找到文章的论点也就把握了文章的主旨。一般来说，作者会在开头段落交代文章的论点，因此，细读文章首段尤为重要。 议论文多采用“倒三角形”结构，因此“首段”和“段首”就是做题最大的要领，据此可以做好写作意图题、主旨大意题和标题推断题。 2.理清文章结构 议论文一般采用“总分总”的结构，作者先给出论点，然后从不同方面（正面，反面）进行论证，最后给出总结或者自己的观点。文章中会出现较为明显的转折，递进，并列或者归纳总结等的逻辑关系词。考生在阅读时，要理清文章结构，找到论点的基础上进而理解作者给出的论据，突破细节理解题和推理判断题。 3.体会语言特点 能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。 4.注意干扰规律 ①包含项原则 在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两选项中，正确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。 ②正反项原则 所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。 ③委婉项原则 所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition, tend to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly, already等等。 ④同形项原则 命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。 ⑤常识项原则 议论文中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。 ⑥因果项原则 阅读理解的逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理过头(止于后果)，这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则启示我们：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可产生几个结果，那么答案就是因；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果。 01 细节理解题 1.命题方式 细节理解题在阅读理解议论文占有一定比例，核心是落实“原文定位”和“同义替换”。 28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? (2025全国一卷) 32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence? (2021新课标I卷) 2.思维导图 3.解题步骤 概括信息题要求学生通过思维分析对原文中比较分散或复杂的信息进行归纳概括。为了增加细节信息试题的难度,命题人有时也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题,一个细节理解题涉及一段内的多个信息点或者多段的具体内容,需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能回答。 跟踪训练1　(2025全国一卷阅读C篇片段) While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. … 28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 跟踪训练2　(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇片段) … Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. … 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 02 推理判断题 1.命题形式 推理判断题考查考生推理和判断的能力，以及深层次的阅读理解能力。主要考查隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作意图题、文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题等。在进行推断时，要透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文、主观臆断。 30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? (2025全国一卷) 34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? (2021新课标I卷) 2.思维导图 3.解题策略 ①“立足原文，只推一步”：根据原文内容简单推理，一步即可推得。 ②选项中一般不出现绝对概念，如only、never、all、absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often、usually、sometimes、some、may、might、can、could、probably等。 跟踪训练1 (2025全国二卷D篇片段) … Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. … 30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 跟踪训练 (2021新课标I卷D篇片段) … Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. … 34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 01文章大意题 何一篇文章都有自己的主旨，所以我们在阅读一篇文章时，首先要弄清楚的就是文章的主旨，明确主旨之后才能进一步理解文章的深层内容和主题意义。主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握文章整体内容和中心思想的能力。 1.命题形式 31. What does the text mainly talk about? (2024新课标II卷) 31. What is the text mainly about? (2022全国甲卷) 2.思维导图 3.解题策略 ①利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。 ②利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。 ③利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。 ④利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 ⑤利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 跟踪训练1 (2024新课标I卷C篇) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 跟踪训练2 (24-25高三下·云南·阶段练习) I’m somebody who’s very realistic about everything. I don’t live in illusions and hopes, but tackle the things which come at hand. Some days are extraordinary fantastic when I simply cannot stay away from my garden and park. Garden isn’t doing anything great yet, but many plants have come up. Want your veggies to last and produce well? Start from seeds, better yet, your own seeds. My favorites are tomatoes, bell peppers, zucchinis, cucumbers and all herbs. Basically, I prefer meals with very few ingredients, and these vegetables fit the bill. Yesterday, Jetpack sent a notification that AI assistant is available. Well, apparently, there’s a need to polish everything to the most perfect perfection, make it impersonal, but grammatically correct. For me, the value of a blog is the personal touch, the individual experience, the simple lives and the things we take for granted, but need on a daily basis. I believe the most interesting blogs are the ones which disclose the personal experiences, give us an insight in the personality of that blogger and show the very unique features he or she has. Lots of people have already a very complex relationship with reality. Some live in the virtual bubble and when they come out, the actual things make them inadequate for the real life. Why should I be worried about virtual belongings and properties when I still need a real bed to sleep in and a real roof over my head? Our pain is also real, and we don’t need virtual food, air or water to survive. I’ve always been amazed by the human intelligence. By the unbelievable potential it has. I’ve been always amazed by the power of the human brain. I certainly hope the human intelligence prevails (占上风). It has taken so long to come to this high level of cognitive abilities. I enjoy discussions with real people. We all have shortages; we all have flaws. That’s what it means to be human. Please, stop the AI. At least restrict its use instead of putting it everywhere, like right now on your blog and website. 1．Why is the garden mentioned in paragraph 1? A．Everything is very real in the garden. B．The garden is worthy of being visited. C．The author earns his living by gardening. D．Author’s favorite veggies are growing in the garden. 2．Which is not favored by the author in blog? A．To express one’s unique and personal qualities. B．To disclose the individual experiences and lives. C．To perfect everything without grammatical errors. D．To give readers an insight in the personality of that blogger. 3．What’s the author’s attitude to AI? A．Expectant. B．Resistant. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent. 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．Comparing human and AI intelligence. B．The author’s view on blogging and AI influence. C．The author’s fondness for real life, against AI overuse. D．The significance of balancing between virtual and real life. 02 写作意图题 1.命题设计 每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出 来，而是隐含在文章 之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内 容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。 35. What is the author's purpose in writing the text? (2024新课标II卷) 63. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? (2011安徽卷) 2.思维导图 3.解题思路 ①主旨推断法。 写作意图与文章主旨密切相关，因此，解答这类题跟解答主旨大意题和选择文章标题一样，用略读法，即重点关注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。议论文、新闻报道、说明文等，其主题句多在文首。 ②文体推断法。 ①应用文广告的目的是吸引更多顾客、游客、读者、订户、观众等订阅或前往（to attract readers）。 ②记叙文的目的是分享有趣的经历、告诉一个有趣的故事（to entertain readers）、或给读者某种启示。 ③说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识（to inform readers），提出建议、劝告或呼吁有关部门给予重视。 ④议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点（to persuade readers），倡导某种做法等。 跟踪训练1 (2025全国一卷B篇片段) Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码)that powers AI... As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，... AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 35．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history. C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert. 跟踪训练2 (2025·四川·二模) In his new biography of Robert Crumb, Dan Nadel, a comics (漫画) expert, writes that his subject agreed to participate in the project under one condition: “that I be honest about his faults, look closely at his urges, and examine the racially charged aspects of his work.” Crumb, honest in his work as an underground comics pioneer, expected the same from his biographer. And Nadel fulfilled. That doesn’t mean Crumb: A Cartoonist’s life is a hatchet job. Far from it, Nadel expresses intense admiration for Crumb’s art and deep sympathy for his troubled upbringing. Nadel tracks Crumb’s artistic progress, from working with his brother Charles on adolescent comics influenced by childhood heroes like Carl Barks and John Stanley, to designing greeting cards for American Greetings, and finally to sinking into a boundless release of subconscious chaos. When it comes time to explore Crumb’s problematic representations of black people, Nadel neither excuses the artist nor issues simple criticism. Crumb’s work often embraced the racist prejudices he absorbed from his white, postwar American upbringing, and his art was an unpleasant reflection of those influences. According to Nadel, essentially it is both prejudiced and blaming, pointing fingers at himself, the reader and the entire culture, and there are never happy endings in Crumb Land. Nor happy beginnings. Crumb was born in 1943 in Philadelphia, the youngest of five children in a family marked by mental illness and frequent moves. This instability shaped his early life and created a sense of disconnection that would last throughout his career. Nadel also investigates Crumb’s later years, including his time in San Francisco, where he became a major figure in the counterculture, but always kept questioning it. Crumb’s fame grew, but he continued to refuse to be categorized, seeing himself as separate from the very culture that celebrated him. Generously illustrated with work throughout Crumb’s career, Crumb is an artist biography that connects the work to the life story without forcing or simplifying anything. It works as cultural history; you won’t find a sharper analysis of the underground comics movement. Nadel honors the complexity of his subject, even, perhaps particularly, when it gets ugly. 35．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To analyze the underground comics movement. B．To recommend a book on a comics pioneer. C．To examine the influence of upbringing on art. D．To honor the friendship with a former colleague. 01 阅读理解议论文答题误区 1.混淆论点与论据，误将事实当观点 议论文中，作者会通过数据、研究结果、案例等论据支撑论点，但部分考生会将论据本身等同于作者的核心观点。 真题例证：2024年新课标I卷C篇对比纸质阅读与数字阅读，提到“研究表明纸质阅读在复杂任务中更有效”，这是论据；而作者的观点是“不同媒介适合不同学习场景，纸质文本在需要专注的学习中不可替代”。若误将“研究结果”当作作者观点，会错选与“数字阅读无效”相关的选项。 2.过度推断，脱离文本加戏 考生常基于自身经验或常识对原文进行过度解读，超出文本信息范围。 真题例证：2025 年全国一卷C篇批判城市设计过度围绕汽车，提到“澳大利亚汽车保有率高”。部分考生可能推断“作者反对发展汽车产业”，但原文仅强调“需平衡交通与行人需求”，并未否定汽车本身，过度推断会导致选错态度相关选项。 3.忽视上下文逻辑，孤立理解词句 词义猜测或句意理解题中，考生易仅通过单词表面含义判断，忽略上下文的因果、转折等逻辑关系。 真题例证：2023年全国乙卷D篇提到“历史叙述需结合文本与物品”，其中conversation一词需结合上下文“literate与 non-literate社会的接触”“历史的另一半”，才能理解其指“历史（的完整叙述）”，若孤立理解为“对话”则会选错。 4.主旨理解片面，聚焦细节忽略整体 考生常因过度关注某段细节（如举例、数据），而忽略全文核心论点。 真题例证：2024 年全国甲卷D篇围绕“小说结局的合理性”展开，首段讨论《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》的结局，中段分析不同文体的结局特点，末段引出《Writer’s Digest》的作用。若仅关注首段细节，会误以为主旨是 “讨论某部小说的结局”，而实际主旨是 “如何理解和写作合理的结局”。 5.态度判断偏差，混淆 “客观陈述” 与 “主观态度” 作者可能客观引用不同观点，但考生易将 “引用的观点” 当作 “作者的态度”。 真题例证：2023 年全国乙卷C篇提到 “英国烹饪节目影响饮食文化”，既引用 “节目促进多样化烹饪”，也提到 “传统饮食减少”，但作者的态度是 “肯定节目对烹饪习惯的积极影响”。若误将 “传统饮食减少” 当作作者的否定态度，会错选负面倾向的选项。 02 阅读理解议论文误区应对 1.区分论点与论据，抓标志词定位核心观点 论点常出现在首尾段、转折句（如however，in fact）或总结句（如in conclusion）中；论据多为“研究表明”“例如”“数据显示”等引导的内容，作用是支撑论点。 2025年全国一卷D篇关于微塑料治理，“煮沸过滤可减少80% 微塑料”是研究结果（论据），而作者观点是“该方法为减少微塑料接触提供了潜在路径”（通过still, the findings show...明确）。 2.坚持“原文有据”，拒绝“无中生有” 选项必须在原文中找到直接依据，若选项内容是 “可能合理但原文未提及”，则为过度推断。 2024年新课标I卷D篇提到“生物多样性数据存在偏差”，选项“应禁止公民科学家参与数据收集” 属于过度推断，原文仅建议“引导公民科学家补充不足数据”。 3.依托上下文逻辑，破解词句含义 词义猜测题需关注“同义/反义关系”（如 but，however 提示反义）、“指代关系”（如this，it指代前文内容）或“举例解释”（如 such as 后的具体例子）。 2024 年全国甲卷C篇take...up a notch，前文提到“狗擅长取回物品”，后文说“猫能带回随机物品给主人”，可推断该短语意为“做得更好”（通过对比逻辑判断）。 4.梳理逻辑结构，精准定位主旨 通读全文后，用 “首段+各段首句+末段” 梳理逻辑（如“提出问题—分析原因—给出建议”），主旨通常是作者的核心主张。 2023 年全国乙卷D篇，首段“历史不能仅靠文字”，中段举例“文字与物品结合的必要性”，末段 “需同时读文本与物品”，主旨可总结为“物品在历史叙述中不可或缺”。 5.通过情感词 判断作者态度 关注形容词（如 effective，problematic）、副词（如 unfortunately，surprisingly）及转折词（如 yet，nevertheless），区分客观陈述（无情感词）与主观态度（有明确情感倾向）。 2024 年新课标I卷B篇中，作者描述 Farber 的整体医疗方法时，用 amazed，worked so well等词体现肯定态度，可直接对应appreciative类选项。 03 阅读理解议论文满分策略 1.阅读理解议论文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。 2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。 3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。 4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段概括引领作用。 5.长难句落实“括号法”—(从句)(非谓语)(介词短语)(名词短语)。 6.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 ( 阅读理解议论文 综合能力提升 ) 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维 01 (2025全国一卷) While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? (推理判断题) A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? (标题概括题) A. Why the Rush? B. What’s Next? C. Where to Stay? D. Who to Blame? 02 (2024新课标I卷) Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? (猜测词义题) A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? (推理判断题) A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 03 (2021全国甲卷) Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not. Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.” 32. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club? A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative. C. They're objective. D. They're strict. 33. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science? (推理判断题) A. They think themselves smart. B. They look up to great thinkers. C. They see gender differences earlier than boys. D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs 34. Why are more geniuses known to the public? A. Improved global communication. B. Less discrimination against women. C. Acceptance of victors' concepts. D. Changes in people's social positions. 35. What is the best title for the text? (标题概括题) A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck 模拟专区：精选名校真题好题，帮你锤炼做题技巧，助力冲刺备考圆梦高考 04（25-26高三上·广东深圳·开学考试） Will artificial intelligence (AI) replace my job? This is a question that many people think about these days. At present, the application of AI robotics in professional fields, as well as ChatGPT’s abilities to write essays, solve complex problems and more, have heightened moral concerns. Some people see AI as the ultimate cure for society’s most fundamental problems, while others fear that AI will overtake human intelligence. These two views are based on the assumption that AI is better and smarter than humanity and may ultimately replace human decision-making. But given the fact that technology is the product of human civilization, the challenge from AI is something we have created for ourselves as we keep pushing our own boundaries. In other words, AI’s progress, functions and future direction are all determined by the human brain. Before AI becomes a threat to humanity, the international community should reach an agreement on the role it is to play. More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life. Robots, for example, are believed to develop emotional intelligence sometime, which enables them to recognize, understand and express emotions in a way that is similar to humans, but we must avoid AI copying human emotions. Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster. The AI-driven new industrial revolution is irreversible. This, like previous ones, which introduced changes that had been unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment. But it always turned out humanity was able to adapt to each industrial revolution and create new forms of employment. Therefore, it’s unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs. While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the unknown. 1．What does the author imply about AI’s future? (推理判断题) A．It will be too complex to control. B．It depends on human innovation. C．It will be regulated more strictly. D．It may outperform the human brain. 2．How can we prevent AI’s potential threat? A．By stirring emotions. B．By blocking functions. C．By setting restrictions. D．By changing regulations. 3．What does the underlined word “irreversible” in the last paragraph mean? (猜测词义题) A．Undesirable. B．Unavoidable. C．Unpredictable. D．Unbelievable. 4．What does the writer suggest readers do with the coming of the AI era? A．Deal with it positively. B．Accept it passively. C．Respond to it randomly. D．Defend it unconditionally. 05（2026高三·全国·专题练习） Do you ever hear a friend speak on a topic with the belief that “everyone” thinks the same way? Do you often find yourself surrounded in a social media feed that is completely tailored to you and your beliefs, reading along without the immediate realization? A social media echo chamber (回音室) is when one experiences a tailored media experience that leave out opposing viewpoints and differing voices. Social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube connect groups of like-minded users together based on shared content preferences. As a result, people see and take in information according to our preexisting beliefs and opinions. Social media companies therefore rely on algorithms (算法) to assess our interests and flood us with information that will keep our attention. The algorithms focus on what we “like”, and “share” to keep feeding content that makes us comfortable. In order to truly get access to all information and to evaluate our media, we must give ourselves the opportunity to step out of our comfort zone. While this becomes increasingly challenging, there are things we can do. The first step is to beef up your media consumption sources. Adding in a few media sources with differing opinions will allow you to at least understand what people are saying outside of your echo chamber. Next, read each thing you see with a critical eye. Make sure that each thing you accept as truth is truly fact. Lastly, attempt to search out reliable new sources that are known for trying their best to leave out false information. By accepting that our media buffet on social media is a product of our present beliefs and opinions, we can work to make sure we are not sim-ply stuck in a social media echo chamber. 1．What is a result of the social media echo chamber? A．People contact like-minded online users effectively. B．People keep reading for more differing viewpoints. C．People rely on algorithms to evaluate their interests. D．People only get information confirming their beliefs. 2．What does “beef up” underlined in Paragraph 3 mean? (猜测词义题) A．Track. B．Improve. C．Provide. D．Identify. 3．Which of the following can help us get out of the echo chamber? A．Criticizing fake news on social media. B．Exposing ourselves to opposing voices. C．Researching primary sources of information. D．Accepting our present beliefs and opinions. 4．What is the purpose of the text? (推理判断题) A．To call on people to use algorithms frequently. B．To ask people not to take in information blindly. C．To promote the use of various social media sites. D．To inform people of new technology developments. 06（2025·安徽合肥·模拟预测） With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, it’s not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps (处于沮丧中), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don’t know the person I’m joking around with. My grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy (礼貌) to speak to others that are around you. I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke? Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together. 1．In which aspect is humor useful according to the author? A．It makes people more confident. B．It can pick up people’s spirits. C．It can help rid the cruelty in the world. D．It can help people get on well with others. 2．What does the phrase “busting a gut” in the third paragraph mean? (猜测词义题) A．Explaining carefully. B．Speaking loud. C．Keeping silent. D．Laughing hard. 3．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To talk about his own understanding of humor. B．To encourage people to be humorous in daily life. C．To introduce a practical way to get through daily life. D．To convince people of the power of being optimistic about life. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the present world? (态度推断题) A．Neutral. B．Satisfied. C．Critical. D．Indifferent 07（2025·河北秦皇岛·模拟预测） I would never describe myself as being a cynic (愤世嫉俗者), it’s a person who has negative opinions about other people and things people do. While I might be doubtful about our ability to unite and address significant challenges, that’s based on evidence. Who wouldn’t be concerned when considering the current events we face? That’s what I might have argued before I read Zaki’s new book, Hope for Cynics. Afterwards, I felt a sense of pity: I might be part of the problem. Zaki, a professor of psychology and the director of the Stanford Social Neuroscience Lab, presents a picture of cynicism’s hold on us. And its potential impacts on our future and personal well-being. In 2018, only 32% of the Americans surveyed said that “most people can be trusted”, compared with nearly 50% in 1972. During this process, cynicism has taken root as a response to many challenges. But, Zaki argues, it’s an own goal: expecting the most negative outcomes is self-harming. It weakens our connections with others and discourages us from tackling issues that matter. Say climate crisis. Expecting the most negative outcomes also harms our chances of finding happiness in the here and now. The popular belief that cynics are just smarter and more realistic isn’t necessarily justifiable. Zaki points out that cynics perform worse at cognitive (认知) tests and are less effective at identifying untrustworthy people and lies than non-cynics. “200,000 years ago, the people worrying about the dangers on the horizon probably did better than their friend relaxed by the sunset, but now being overly anxious can lead us to overestimate the chances of frightening but rare events,” he says. As a self-described “recovering cynic”, Zaki has made small but powerful changes in his own life. First, he has become more conscious of cynical thoughts, noticing when he is coming to “unnecessarily cold conclusions” and interrupting them with facts. Tellingly, Zaki has noticed that coming to the conclusions is most common when he’s sleep-lacking or stressed; cynicism is a kind of burnout. Zaki also practices what he calls “positive talk”: spreading word, within his circles, of acts of generosity or kindness. I think it is this “personal counter-programming” to cynicism. 1．Why did the author initially refuse to be labeled as a cynic? A．Her doubt made much sense. B．Her view was widely accepted. C．She disliked such type of person. D．She had great faith in her ability. 2．What may be the cause of cynicism? (推理判断题) A．Burning desires for well-being. B．Decreased faith in each other. C．Constant emergence of challenges. D．Negative attitudes to the future. 3．Why is it bad for a person to expect the worst? A．It fuels ignorance of dangers. B．It goes against the popular belief. C．It discourages realistic thoughts. D．It does damage to our social bonds. 4．What does Zaki’s practice of overcoming cynicism suggest? A．Positive talk promotes kind acts. B．Action speaks louder than words. C．Minor yet impactful changes matter. D．High mental pressures relate to burnout. 08（24-25高三下·宁夏中卫·阶段练习） Thinking back on the college recommendations I’ve written, a pattern occurs: The most successful students are never merely great students. They are devoted to at least six other pursuits. How can a kid write such detailed reading journals on Dante, excel in painting and find the time to edit the school newspaper, volunteer at her city councilman’s office, run a half-marathon, take photography classes and write prize-winning poetry on the side? “Our age respects the specialist,” writes Robert Twigger, “but humans are natural polymaths (博学者) .” It’s not just the youngsters who can join the polymath party. The sumption that learning stops when you leave university is at odds with the evidence. It appears that a great deal depends on the nucleus basalis. This bit of the brain produces significant amounts of acetylcholine that regulates the rate at which new connections are made between brain cells. This in turn determines how readily we form memories of various kinds. So what’s the trick to letting the acetylcholine flow more plentifully? Twigger again: People as old as 90 who actively acquire new interests retain their ability to learn. But if we stop taxing the nucleus basalis, it begins to dry up. In some older people it has been shown to contain no acetylcholine. But simply attempting new things seems to offer benefits to people. After only short periods of trying, the ability to make new connections develops. Two years ago, I had some newfound headspace to write a piece for The New York Times. I had no idea if I’d be able to keep up the writing while being a dad and a teacher and a runner, but I thought I’d give it a try. And a few months later I started blogging for The Economist as well. Adding new activities to my plate seems to have given me a new source of energy, and sometimes when I’m worn out, I’m also, strangely, uplifted. It undervalues our lives to willingly enter into mindless routines. Make stuff. Pursue a new interest. Consider career changes, even if you don’t actually make one. Stop this, start that. Do something new. Come on, it’s good for you. 1．What does the author find about the most successful students? A．They are gifted in arts. B．They are all-round athletes. C．They have wide-ranging interests. D．They make efforts to promote the public good. 2．What does the author intend to illustrate by quoting Twigger in paragraph 4? (推理判断题) A．How to enhance the brain’s capacity for learning. B．Why humans are natural polymaths. C．What is the key to a good memory. D．What to do to age slowly. 3．How does the author describe writing in his spare time? (推理判断题) A．It makes him struggle to balance many roles. B．It recharges his passion and enthusiasm. C．It enables him to follow his daily routines. D．It makes him question his career choices. 4．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Find their true interest and specialize in it. B．Prioritize academic achievement. C．Break their comfort zones and enjoy new challenges. D．Seek out groundbreaking and pioneering work. 09（25-26高三上·湖北武汉·开学考试） In 1910, the Los Angeles Times ran a story about a boy tasked with opening a valve (阀门) on a steam-powered water pump to release built - up pressure. His entire job was staring at the machines all day, an incredibly boring task. The “lazy” boy, however, invented an automatic release that let the pump run properly, winning his freedom — and in doing so, creating the first automatic steam engine. Though the story may be fictional, the boy’s behavior reflects a deeper truth: When we feel lazy, we often look for easier ways, trying to improve processes and save time and effort. In other words, laziness can drive innovation. In recent years, some psychologists and business leaders have come to grasp this insight, shifting our view of what laziness really means. Walter Chrysler is said to have noted: “I always choose a lazy person to do a hard job because a lazy person will find an easy way to do it.” Our brains are naturally inclined toward laziness. Unlike our ancestors, who had to conserve energy to compete for food, flee predators, and fight, we no longer face survival as a daily concern. It might seem natural to be “lazier,” but the opposite has happened. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Americans now sleep less and work more than before; worker productivity has risen 400 percent since 1950. Our culture teaches us that our worth depends on how hard we work. So we push even harder to produce more. Yet there’s a big, sad paradox: The harder we work, the less productive we become. When demands rise, we tend to push harder. But without rest and recharge, we grow less efficient, make more mistakes, and feel less engaged. So how can we make labor more meaningful and life more fulfilling? Current research in psychology and neuroscience points to valuing a wandering mind. Take breaks, let thoughts drift — learn to be idle. This week, notice downtime in your day, empty spaces on your calendar. Instead of filling them with more work, just sit on the sofa and be, as poet Mary Oliver put it, “idle and blessed.” 1．What is the author’s attitude to the boy opening the valve? (态度推断题) A．Dismissive. B．Supportive. C．Ambiguous. D．Doubtful. 2．What can be concluded from paragraph 4? (推理判断题) A．Contemporary society respects creativity. B．Americans are living a worse life than before. C．Our ancestors considered work unbearable. D．People nowadays still need to struggle with poverty. 3．What does the underlined word “paradox” in paragraph 5 mean? (猜测词义题) A．Wild imagination. B．Unclear explanation. C．Strange contradiction. D．Rare phenomenon. 4．What is the author’s purpose writing the text? A．Compare the old and new views on laziness. B．Criticize irresponsible attitude towards hard work. C．Advise people to abandon the value of hard work. D．Inspire people to stay refreshed for better work and life. 10（24-25高三下·江苏盐城·阶段练习） During a party, the host suggested we each share a significant moment from the year. As one woman shared how her pottery (制陶技艺) class had allowed her to explore her creative side, another cheekily said, “Oh, you could totally turn it into a side hustle (副业).” Before she even finished the sentence, I exclaimed, “No! Don’t monetize your hobby!” I am speaking this from my personal experience! My writing of financial opinion pieces stems from (源于) what was once a hobby. I shared my experiences with personal finance on a little blog, which eventually became opportunities for speaking engagements, freelance writing and even book deals. However, as this became my fulltime career, the work, despite being aligned with (与……一致) my areas of interest and skill, lost the fun factor that motivated me in the beginning. It also shifted how my brain assessed my other hobbies. Every area of interest turned into a potential moneymaker — or I eschewed certain hobbies when they were time and energy consuming, and wouldn’t yield a profit in the short run. Oh, how wrong I was. The pandemic slowed down my work for a period, which forced me to face up to the fact that I otherwise had little to fill my time outside of reading or watching television. As much as I find those activities relaxing, I longed for more creativity and stimulation from a hobby. So in the last two years, I’ve taught myself to crochet (编织). Although it doesn’t bring me any income, it has yielded significant, non-financial returns. There is a reconnection with my creative self, a sense of accomplishment from learning a new skill, and the benefit of challenging my mind and body to learn new ways of moving. Yes, crochet is a skill set I could easily monetize, but profit margins would be nonexistent if you did the maths on cost of supplies and the hours of labor for one piece. Instead, I donate my creations or give them away for birthdays and holidays. As someone who has had multiple streams of income her entire adult life, I understand that there’s a benefit to having more than one way to earn money. But some hobbies should simply be hobbies. We are allowed to create and learn for personal enrichment, even if it costs us some money — and earns none. 1．What happened after the author turned her hobby into a career? A．She discovered more of her potential. B．She gained little pleasure out of the work. C．She changed her areas of interest and skill. D．She learned to assess hobbies in various ways. 2．What does the underlined word “eschewed” in paragraph 3 probably mean? (猜测词义题) A．Pursued. B．Enjoyed. C．Avoided. D．Considered. 3．What does the author say about her crochet hobby? A．It is hardly profitable. B．It helps improve her math skills. C．It can make her birthday more meaningful. D．It fails to give her a sense of accomplishment. 4．What can be the best title of the text? (标题概括题) A．It’s okay to monetize a hobby B．Never take up a hobby just for fun C．It’s never too late to start a new hobby D．Don’t turn your hobby into a side hustle 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共28页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 阅读理解---议论文 ( 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读 01 】 五年高考 议论文 考情统计 【知能解读 02 】 五年高考 议论文 考情解读 【知能解读 03 】 阅读理解 议论文 高频题型 【知能解读 04 】 阅读理解 议论文 选项特点 【知能解读 05 】 阅读理解 议论文 解题思路 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破 01 】 细节理解 题 【重难点突破 0 2 】 推理判断 题 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错 01 】 文章大意 题 【易混易错 0 2 】 写作意图 题 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【方法技巧 0 1 】 阅读理解 议论文 答题误区 【方法技巧 0 2 】 阅读理解 议论文 误区应对 【方法技巧 0 3 】 阅读理解 议论文 满分策略 ) 01五年高考议论文考情统计 卷别 主题 话题 词数 细节 理解题 猜测 词义题 推理 判断题 主旨 大意题 2025全国一卷 人与自然 反思街道功能重视城市宜居性 323+133 1 2 1 2024新课标I卷 人与自然 纸质阅读与数字阅读音频差异 345+145 1 1 2 2024全国甲卷 人与自然 书评-如何帮助作家写出好结尾 354+146 1 3 2023全国乙卷 人与社会 物品纳入历史理解无文字社会 343+130 1 2 1 2022全国甲卷 人与社会 介绍发现悉尼发展遇到的问题 340+152 1 2 1 2022全国乙卷 人与社会 书评-介绍Dorothy书籍并评价 319+122 2 2 2021新课标I卷 人与社会 作者提出情商研究的未来期望 297+126 1 2 1 2021全国甲卷 人与自然 作者提出“天才”有很多种形式 300+123 1 2 1 02五年高考议论文考情解读 1.选材范围 议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。 2.文体特征 议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。议论文通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题（引论）—分析问题（本论）—解决问题（结论）”。由此可见，要理解议论文有两个关键点，一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构——三段论式结构。 3.设题规律 从命题来看，阅读理解议论文考查学生对语篇的整体理解能力及细节信息的提取和推断能力，题型包括细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨大意题，其中推理判断题和主旨大意题占比最高。 03五年高考议论文高频题型 04阅读理解议论文选项特点 1.正确选项特征 同义替换 与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达 信息归纳 对分散或复杂的信息进行概括或比较 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达意思明了 原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项比较简单 2.干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容 无中生有 符合生活常识，但不是该文章的内容 曲解文意 极其相似但是细节处与原文有些出入 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭或完全相反 正误参半 选项内容部分正确，部分和原文错误 05阅读理解议论文解题思路 1.抓住论点主旨 阅读议论文最重要的是抓住文章的论点，找到文章的论点也就把握了文章的主旨。一般来说，作者会在开头段落交代文章的论点，因此，细读文章首段尤为重要。 议论文多采用“倒三角形”结构，因此“首段”和“段首”就是做题最大的要领，据此可以做好写作意图题、主旨大意题和标题推断题。 2.理清文章结构 议论文一般采用“总分总”的结构，作者先给出论点，然后从不同方面（正面，反面）进行论证，最后给出总结或者自己的观点。文章中会出现较为明显的转折，递进，并列或者归纳总结等的逻辑关系词。考生在阅读时，要理清文章结构，找到论点的基础上进而理解作者给出的论据，突破细节理解题和推理判断题。 3.体会语言特点 能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。 4.注意干扰规律 ①包含项原则 在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两选项中，正确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。 ②正反项原则 所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。 ③委婉项原则 所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition, tend to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly, already等等。 ④同形项原则 命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。 ⑤常识项原则 议论文中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。 ⑥因果项原则 阅读理解的逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理过头(止于后果)，这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则启示我们：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可产生几个结果，那么答案就是因；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果。 01 细节理解题 1.命题方式 细节理解题在阅读理解议论文占有一定比例，核心是落实“原文定位”和“同义替换”。 28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? (2025全国一卷) 32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence? (2021新课标I卷) 2.思维导图 3.解题步骤 概括信息题要求学生通过思维分析对原文中比较分散或复杂的信息进行归纳概括。为了增加细节信息试题的难度,命题人有时也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题,一个细节理解题涉及一段内的多个信息点或者多段的具体内容,需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能回答。 跟踪训练1　(2025全国一卷阅读C篇片段) While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. … 28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词phenomenon，point out，paragraph 1。 第二步：根据关键词定位到第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。walk less and drive more= there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead，高度概括。 第三步：比对选项得出答案C。 跟踪训练2　(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇片段) … Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. … 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词audio and video, increasingly used by university teachers。 第二步：根据关键词定位到第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。feel more engaging= hold students’ attention，同义替换。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 02 推理判断题 1.命题形式 推理判断题考查考生推理和判断的能力，以及深层次的阅读理解能力。主要考查隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作意图题、文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题等。在进行推断时，要透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文、主观臆断。 30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? (2025全国一卷) 34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? (2021新课标I卷) 2.思维导图 3.解题策略 ①“立足原文，只推一步”：根据原文内容简单推理，一步即可推得。 ②选项中一般不出现绝对概念，如only、never、all、absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often、usually、sometimes、some、may、might、can、could、probably等。 跟踪训练1 (2025全国二卷D篇片段) … Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. … 30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词inferred, campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s。 第二步：根据关键词定位到倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car+ we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people= largely ineffective。 第三步：比对选项得出答案B。 跟踪训练 (2021新课标I卷D篇片段) … Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. … 34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the author's attitude，the popularization of emotional intelligence。 第二步：根据关键词定位到根据第三段的首句“Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.”可知，作者认为情商普及利大于弊。又根据“The most positive aspect of this popularization...”和“The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped...”可知，作者对于情商普及是赞成的。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 01文章大意题 何一篇文章都有自己的主旨，所以我们在阅读一篇文章时，首先要弄清楚的就是文章的主旨，明确主旨之后才能进一步理解文章的深层内容和主题意义。主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握文章整体内容和中心思想的能力。 1.命题形式 31. What does the text mainly talk about? (2024新课标II卷) 31. What is the text mainly about? (2022全国甲卷) 2.思维导图 3.解题策略 ①利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。 ②利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。 ③利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。 ④利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 ⑤利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 跟踪训练1 (2024新课标I卷C篇) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 第一步 读文章,概括文意： 第一段:引入关于BMF的话题; 第二段:简单介绍BMF的概念;第三段:介绍BMF的原理及优点; 第四段:BMF意味着零排放,不会污染环境; 第五段:介绍 BMF员工的环保意识。 第二步 析选项,斟酌判断： A BMF的主要优势 涵盖性强,覆盖全文 B BMF的综合管理 无中生有,生搬硬套 C BMF的全球影响力 无中生有,生搬硬套 D BMF的技术标准 无中生有,生搬硬套 第三步 对比选项得出答案 A 。 跟踪训练2 (24-25高三下·云南·阶段练习) I’m somebody who’s very realistic about everything. I don’t live in illusions and hopes, but tackle the things which come at hand. Some days are extraordinary fantastic when I simply cannot stay away from my garden and park. Garden isn’t doing anything great yet, but many plants have come up. Want your veggies to last and produce well? Start from seeds, better yet, your own seeds. My favorites are tomatoes, bell peppers, zucchinis, cucumbers and all herbs. Basically, I prefer meals with very few ingredients, and these vegetables fit the bill. Yesterday, Jetpack sent a notification that AI assistant is available. Well, apparently, there’s a need to polish everything to the most perfect perfection, make it impersonal, but grammatically correct. For me, the value of a blog is the personal touch, the individual experience, the simple lives and the things we take for granted, but need on a daily basis. I believe the most interesting blogs are the ones which disclose the personal experiences, give us an insight in the personality of that blogger and show the very unique features he or she has. Lots of people have already a very complex relationship with reality. Some live in the virtual bubble and when they come out, the actual things make them inadequate for the real life. Why should I be worried about virtual belongings and properties when I still need a real bed to sleep in and a real roof over my head? Our pain is also real, and we don’t need virtual food, air or water to survive. I’ve always been amazed by the human intelligence. By the unbelievable potential it has. I’ve been always amazed by the power of the human brain. I certainly hope the human intelligence prevails (占上风). It has taken so long to come to this high level of cognitive abilities. I enjoy discussions with real people. We all have shortages; we all have flaws. That’s what it means to be human. Please, stop the AI. At least restrict its use instead of putting it everywhere, like right now on your blog and website. 1．Why is the garden mentioned in paragraph 1? A．Everything is very real in the garden. B．The garden is worthy of being visited. C．The author earns his living by gardening. D．Author’s favorite veggies are growing in the garden. 2．Which is not favored by the author in blog? A．To express one’s unique and personal qualities. B．To disclose the individual experiences and lives. C．To perfect everything without grammatical errors. D．To give readers an insight in the personality of that blogger. 3．What’s the author’s attitude to AI? A．Expectant. B．Resistant. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent. 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．Comparing human and AI intelligence. B．The author’s view on blogging and AI influence. C．The author’s fondness for real life, against AI overuse. D．The significance of balancing between virtual and real life. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者主要讲述了自己对现实生活的热爱以及对人工智能过度使用的反对。通过描述花园种植、博客写作的价值观，以及对虚拟与现实生活的对比，表达了作者支持人性化体验、抵制AI泛滥的观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m somebody who’s very realistic about everything. (我是一个对所有事情都很现实的人)”以及“Garden isn’t doing anything great yet, but many plants have come up. (花园还没有什么特别之处，但已经长出了许多植物)”可知，第一段中提到花园是因为花园里的一切都很真实，这体现了作者的现实主义态度。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yesterday, Jetpack sent a notification that AI assistant is available. Well, apparently, there’s a need to polish everything to the most perfect perfection, make it impersonal, but grammatically correct. For me, the value of a blog is the personal touch, the individual experience, the simple lives and the things we take for granted, but need on a daily basis. I believe the most interesting blogs are the ones which disclose the personal experiences, give us an insight in the personality of that blogger and show the very unique features he or she has. (昨天，Jetpack发送了一条通知，称AI助手可用。好吧，显然，有必要把每件事都打磨到最完美的地步，让它变得没有人情味，但语法正确。对我来说，博客的价值在于个人的风格、个人的经历、简单的生活以及我们认为理所当然但每天都需要的东西。我认为最有趣的博客是那些揭示个人经历、让我们了解博主的个性并展示他或她独特特征的博客)”可知，作者不喜欢把博客里的一切都做得完美无缺且没有语法错误，而更注重个人风格和经历的展现。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Please, stop the AI. At least restrict its use instead of putting it everywhere, like right now on your blog and website. (请停止使用人工智能。至少限制它的使用，而不是把它到处都用，比如现在在你的博客和网站上)”可推知，作者对人工智能持抵制态度。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“I’m somebody who’s very realistic about everything. (我是一个对所有事情都很现实的人)”、第二段“I believe the most interesting blogs are the ones which disclose the personal experiences, give us an insight in the personality of that blogger and show the very unique features he or she has.(我认为最有趣的博客是那些揭示个人经历、让我们了解博主的个性并展示他或她独特特征的博客)”以及最后一段“Please, stop the AI. At least restrict its use instead of putting it everywhere, like right now on your blog and website. (请停止使用人工智能。至少限制它的使用，而不是把它到处都用，比如现在在你的博客和网站上)”可知，作者是个现实主义者，热爱现实生活，作者重视博客中的个人风格，反对过度使用人工智能，所以本文主要介绍了作者对现实生活的热爱，以及反对人工智能的过度使用。故选C项。 02 写作意图题 1.命题设计 每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出 来，而是隐含在文章 之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内 容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。 35. What is the author's purpose in writing the text? (2024新课标II卷) 63. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? (2011安徽卷) 2.思维导图 3.解题思路 ①主旨推断法。 写作意图与文章主旨密切相关，因此，解答这类题跟解答主旨大意题和选择文章标题一样，用略读法，即重点关注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。议论文、新闻报道、说明文等，其主题句多在文首。 ②文体推断法。 ①应用文广告的目的是吸引更多顾客、游客、读者、订户、观众等订阅或前往（to attract readers）。 ②记叙文的目的是分享有趣的经历、告诉一个有趣的故事（to entertain readers）、或给读者某种启示。 ③说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识（to inform readers），提出建议、劝告或呼吁有关部门给予重视。 ④议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点（to persuade readers），倡导某种做法等。 跟踪训练1 (2025全国一卷B篇片段) Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码)that powers AI... As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，... AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 35．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history. C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the author's purpose in writing the text。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文最后一段：AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.。本文是一篇说明文，结合首段和尾段可知，文章主要给读者推荐了卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔的一本关于人工智能的书。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 跟踪训练2 (2025·四川·二模) In his new biography of Robert Crumb, Dan Nadel, a comics (漫画) expert, writes that his subject agreed to participate in the project under one condition: “that I be honest about his faults, look closely at his urges, and examine the racially charged aspects of his work.” Crumb, honest in his work as an underground comics pioneer, expected the same from his biographer. And Nadel fulfilled. That doesn’t mean Crumb: A Cartoonist’s life is a hatchet job. Far from it, Nadel expresses intense admiration for Crumb’s art and deep sympathy for his troubled upbringing. Nadel tracks Crumb’s artistic progress, from working with his brother Charles on adolescent comics influenced by childhood heroes like Carl Barks and John Stanley, to designing greeting cards for American Greetings, and finally to sinking into a boundless release of subconscious chaos. When it comes time to explore Crumb’s problematic representations of black people, Nadel neither excuses the artist nor issues simple criticism. Crumb’s work often embraced the racist prejudices he absorbed from his white, postwar American upbringing, and his art was an unpleasant reflection of those influences. According to Nadel, essentially it is both prejudiced and blaming, pointing fingers at himself, the reader and the entire culture, and there are never happy endings in Crumb Land. Nor happy beginnings. Crumb was born in 1943 in Philadelphia, the youngest of five children in a family marked by mental illness and frequent moves. This instability shaped his early life and created a sense of disconnection that would last throughout his career. Nadel also investigates Crumb’s later years, including his time in San Francisco, where he became a major figure in the counterculture, but always kept questioning it. Crumb’s fame grew, but he continued to refuse to be categorized, seeing himself as separate from the very culture that celebrated him. Generously illustrated with work throughout Crumb’s career, Crumb is an artist biography that connects the work to the life story without forcing or simplifying anything. It works as cultural history; you won’t find a sharper analysis of the underground comics movement. Nadel honors the complexity of his subject, even, perhaps particularly, when it gets ugly. 35．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To analyze the underground comics movement. B．To recommend a book on a comics pioneer. C．To examine the influence of upbringing on art. D．To honor the friendship with a former colleague. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the author’s purpose，writing the text。 第二步：根据题干定位全文，尤其是尾段中的“Generously illustrated with work throughout Crumb’s career, Crumb is an artist biography that connects the work to the life story without forcing or simplifying anything. It works as cultural history; you won’t find a sharper analysis of the underground comics movement. Nadel honors the complexity of his subject, even, perhaps particularly, when it gets ugly.(这本书大量收录了克拉姆职业生涯中的作品插图。《克拉姆》是一部艺术家传记，它将作品与人生故事自然关联，既不牵强附会，也不简单化处理。它堪称一部文化史；关于地下漫画运动，你找不到比这更深刻的分析了。纳德尔尊重传主的复杂性 —— 即便（或许说尤其是）当这种复杂性呈现出不堪一面时，亦是如此。)”可知，全文围绕传记“Crumb: A Cartoonist’s Life”展开，介绍其对克拉姆艺术生涯、争议及成长背景的呈现，并评价其作为文化史和地下漫画运动分析的价值，作者不仅是介绍了这本人物传记，也表达了对本传记的欣赏和推荐。 第三步：比对选项得出答案B。 01 阅读理解议论文答题误区 1.混淆论点与论据，误将事实当观点 议论文中，作者会通过数据、研究结果、案例等论据支撑论点，但部分考生会将论据本身等同于作者的核心观点。 真题例证：2024年新课标I卷C篇对比纸质阅读与数字阅读，提到“研究表明纸质阅读在复杂任务中更有效”，这是论据；而作者的观点是“不同媒介适合不同学习场景，纸质文本在需要专注的学习中不可替代”。若误将“研究结果”当作作者观点，会错选与“数字阅读无效”相关的选项。 2.过度推断，脱离文本加戏 考生常基于自身经验或常识对原文进行过度解读，超出文本信息范围。 真题例证：2025 年全国一卷C篇批判城市设计过度围绕汽车，提到“澳大利亚汽车保有率高”。部分考生可能推断“作者反对发展汽车产业”，但原文仅强调“需平衡交通与行人需求”，并未否定汽车本身，过度推断会导致选错态度相关选项。 3.忽视上下文逻辑，孤立理解词句 词义猜测或句意理解题中，考生易仅通过单词表面含义判断，忽略上下文的因果、转折等逻辑关系。 真题例证：2023年全国乙卷D篇提到“历史叙述需结合文本与物品”，其中conversation一词需结合上下文“literate与 non-literate社会的接触”“历史的另一半”，才能理解其指“历史（的完整叙述）”，若孤立理解为“对话”则会选错。 4.主旨理解片面，聚焦细节忽略整体 考生常因过度关注某段细节（如举例、数据），而忽略全文核心论点。 真题例证：2024 年全国甲卷D篇围绕“小说结局的合理性”展开，首段讨论《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》的结局，中段分析不同文体的结局特点，末段引出《Writer’s Digest》的作用。若仅关注首段细节，会误以为主旨是 “讨论某部小说的结局”，而实际主旨是 “如何理解和写作合理的结局”。 5.态度判断偏差，混淆 “客观陈述” 与 “主观态度” 作者可能客观引用不同观点，但考生易将 “引用的观点” 当作 “作者的态度”。 真题例证：2023 年全国乙卷C篇提到 “英国烹饪节目影响饮食文化”，既引用 “节目促进多样化烹饪”，也提到 “传统饮食减少”，但作者的态度是 “肯定节目对烹饪习惯的积极影响”。若误将 “传统饮食减少” 当作作者的否定态度，会错选负面倾向的选项。 02 阅读理解议论文误区应对 1.区分论点与论据，抓标志词定位核心观点 论点常出现在首尾段、转折句（如however，in fact）或总结句（如in conclusion）中；论据多为“研究表明”“例如”“数据显示”等引导的内容，作用是支撑论点。 2025年全国一卷D篇关于微塑料治理，“煮沸过滤可减少80% 微塑料”是研究结果（论据），而作者观点是“该方法为减少微塑料接触提供了潜在路径”（通过still, the findings show...明确）。 2.坚持“原文有据”，拒绝“无中生有” 选项必须在原文中找到直接依据，若选项内容是 “可能合理但原文未提及”，则为过度推断。 2024年新课标I卷D篇提到“生物多样性数据存在偏差”，选项“应禁止公民科学家参与数据收集” 属于过度推断，原文仅建议“引导公民科学家补充不足数据”。 3.依托上下文逻辑，破解词句含义 词义猜测题需关注“同义/反义关系”（如 but，however 提示反义）、“指代关系”（如this，it指代前文内容）或“举例解释”（如 such as 后的具体例子）。 2024 年全国甲卷C篇take...up a notch，前文提到“狗擅长取回物品”，后文说“猫能带回随机物品给主人”，可推断该短语意为“做得更好”（通过对比逻辑判断）。 4.梳理逻辑结构，精准定位主旨 通读全文后，用 “首段+各段首句+末段” 梳理逻辑（如“提出问题—分析原因—给出建议”），主旨通常是作者的核心主张。 2023 年全国乙卷D篇，首段“历史不能仅靠文字”，中段举例“文字与物品结合的必要性”，末段 “需同时读文本与物品”，主旨可总结为“物品在历史叙述中不可或缺”。 5.通过情感词 判断作者态度 关注形容词（如 effective，problematic）、副词（如 unfortunately，surprisingly）及转折词（如 yet，nevertheless），区分客观陈述（无情感词）与主观态度（有明确情感倾向）。 2024 年新课标I卷B篇中，作者描述 Farber 的整体医疗方法时，用 amazed，worked so well等词体现肯定态度，可直接对应appreciative类选项。 03 阅读理解议论文满分策略 1.阅读理解议论文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。 2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。 3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。 4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段概括引领作用。 5.长难句落实“括号法”—(从句)(非谓语)(介词短语)(名词短语)。 6.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 ( 阅读理解议论文 综合能力提升 ) 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维 01 (2025全国一卷) While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? (推理判断题) A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? (标题概括题) A. Why the Rush? B. What’s Next? C. Where to Stay? D. Who to Blame? 【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。 28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。 29. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。 30．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。 31. 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush? (为何匆匆？)”质问“rush through (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 02 (2024新课标I卷) Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? (猜测词义题) A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? (推理判断题) A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 28.词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 29.推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 30.细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 03 (2021全国甲卷) Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not. Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.” 32. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club? A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative. C. They're objective. D. They're strict. 33. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science? (推理判断题) A. They think themselves smart. B. They look up to great thinkers. C. They see gender differences earlier than boys. D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs 34. Why are more geniuses known to the public? A. Improved global communication. B. Less discrimination against women. C. Acceptance of victors' concepts. D. Changes in people's social positions. 35. What is the best title for the text? (标题概括题) A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck 【答案】32-35 ADAB 【导读】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。 32. A。推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。 33. D。推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。 34. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。 35. B。主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。 模拟专区：精选名校真题好题，帮你锤炼做题技巧，助力冲刺备考圆梦高考 04（25-26高三上·广东深圳·开学考试） Will artificial intelligence (AI) replace my job? This is a question that many people think about these days. At present, the application of AI robotics in professional fields, as well as ChatGPT’s abilities to write essays, solve complex problems and more, have heightened moral concerns. Some people see AI as the ultimate cure for society’s most fundamental problems, while others fear that AI will overtake human intelligence. These two views are based on the assumption that AI is better and smarter than humanity and may ultimately replace human decision-making. But given the fact that technology is the product of human civilization, the challenge from AI is something we have created for ourselves as we keep pushing our own boundaries. In other words, AI’s progress, functions and future direction are all determined by the human brain. Before AI becomes a threat to humanity, the international community should reach an agreement on the role it is to play. More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life. Robots, for example, are believed to develop emotional intelligence sometime, which enables them to recognize, understand and express emotions in a way that is similar to humans, but we must avoid AI copying human emotions. Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster. The AI-driven new industrial revolution is irreversible. This, like previous ones, which introduced changes that had been unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment. But it always turned out humanity was able to adapt to each industrial revolution and create new forms of employment. Therefore, it’s unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs. While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the unknown. 1．What does the author imply about AI’s future? (推理判断题) A．It will be too complex to control. B．It depends on human innovation. C．It will be regulated more strictly. D．It may outperform the human brain. 2．How can we prevent AI’s potential threat? A．By stirring emotions. B．By blocking functions. C．By setting restrictions. D．By changing regulations. 3．What does the underlined word “irreversible” in the last paragraph mean? (猜测词义题) A．Undesirable. B．Unavoidable. C．Unpredictable. D．Unbelievable. 4．What does the writer suggest readers do with the coming of the AI era? A．Deal with it positively. B．Accept it passively. C．Respond to it randomly. D．Defend it unconditionally. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了人工智能（AI）是否会取代人类工作这一问题，分析了人们对AI的不同看法，强调了人类对AI发展的主导作用以及应对AI时代的正确态度。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But given the fact that technology is the product of human civilization, the challenge from AI is something we have created for ourselves as we keep pushing our own boundaries. In other words, AI’s progress, functions and future direction are all determined by the human brain. (但考虑到技术是人类文明的产物，人工智能带来的挑战是我们自己在不断突破自身界限时创造的。换句话说，人工智能的进步、功能和未来方向都是由人类大脑决定的。)”可知，作者认为人工智能的未来取决于人类的创新。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life. (更重要的是，相关法律法规必须确保人工智能造福社会，防止其威胁人类生命。)”以及“Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster. (没有法律限制，人工智能可能会成为一场社会灾难。)”可知，我们可以通过制定法律限制（设置约束）来防止人工智能的潜在威胁。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后一句“This, like previous ones, which introduced changes that had been unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment. (和之前的工业革命一样，这将肯定会影响人类就业，之前的工业革命带来了以前难以想象的变化。)”可知，人工智能驱动的新工业革命和之前的工业革命一样，是不可避免的，且会影响人类就业。由此可推知，划线单词irreversible意为“不可避免的”，与Unavoidable意思相近。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Therefore, it’s unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs. While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the unknown. (因此，没有必要担心人工智能会取代我们的工作。虽然技术进步迅速，但我们需要做的是欢迎人工智能时代的到来，而不是因为害怕未知而阻止它的发展。)”可推知，作者建议读者积极应对人工智能时代的到来。故选A项。 05（2026高三·全国·专题练习） Do you ever hear a friend speak on a topic with the belief that “everyone” thinks the same way? Do you often find yourself surrounded in a social media feed that is completely tailored to you and your beliefs, reading along without the immediate realization? A social media echo chamber (回音室) is when one experiences a tailored media experience that leave out opposing viewpoints and differing voices. Social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube connect groups of like-minded users together based on shared content preferences. As a result, people see and take in information according to our preexisting beliefs and opinions. Social media companies therefore rely on algorithms (算法) to assess our interests and flood us with information that will keep our attention. The algorithms focus on what we “like”, and “share” to keep feeding content that makes us comfortable. In order to truly get access to all information and to evaluate our media, we must give ourselves the opportunity to step out of our comfort zone. While this becomes increasingly challenging, there are things we can do. The first step is to beef up your media consumption sources. Adding in a few media sources with differing opinions will allow you to at least understand what people are saying outside of your echo chamber. Next, read each thing you see with a critical eye. Make sure that each thing you accept as truth is truly fact. Lastly, attempt to search out reliable new sources that are known for trying their best to leave out false information. By accepting that our media buffet on social media is a product of our present beliefs and opinions, we can work to make sure we are not sim-ply stuck in a social media echo chamber. 1．What is a result of the social media echo chamber? A．People contact like-minded online users effectively. B．People keep reading for more differing viewpoints. C．People rely on algorithms to evaluate their interests. D．People only get information confirming their beliefs. 2．What does “beef up” underlined in Paragraph 3 mean? (猜测词义题) A．Track. B．Improve. C．Provide. D．Identify. 3．Which of the following can help us get out of the echo chamber? A．Criticizing fake news on social media. B．Exposing ourselves to opposing voices. C．Researching primary sources of information. D．Accepting our present beliefs and opinions. 4．What is the purpose of the text? (推理判断题) A．To call on people to use algorithms frequently. B．To ask people not to take in information blindly. C．To promote the use of various social media sites. D．To inform people of new technology developments. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要分析了社交媒体回音室产生的原因，并就如何确保我们不会简单地被困在社交媒体的回音室里提出建议。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“As a result, people see and take in information according to our preexisting beliefs and opinions.(因此，人们根据我们先前存在的信仰和观点来看待和接受信息。)”可知，社交媒体回音室的结果是人们只能得到证实他们信仰的信息。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据第三段划线词后的句子“Adding in a few media sources with differing opinions will allow you to at least understand what people are saying outside of your echo chamber.(加入一些有不同意见的媒体来源，至少可以让你了解人们在你的回音室外说什么。) ”可推知，人们需要“加强”媒体消费来源，从而真正获得所有信息并评估我们的媒体。故 beef up意为“加强；改进”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Adding in a few media sources with differing opinions will allow you to at least understand what people are saying outside of your echo chamber. Next, read each thing you see with a critical eye.(加入一些有不同意见的媒体来源，至少可以让你了解人们在你的回音室外说什么。接下来，用批判的眼光阅读你所看到的每一件事。) ”可知，让自己暴露在反对的声音中可以帮助我们走出回音室。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“In order to truly get access to all information and to evaluate our media， we must give ourselves the opportunity to step out of our comfort zone.(为了真正获得所有信息并评估我们的媒体，我们必须给自己一个走出舒适区的机会。)”和最后一句“By accepting that our media buffet on social media is a product of our present beliefs and opinions, we can work to make sure we are not simply stuck in a social media echo chamber.(通过接受我们在社交媒体上的媒体自助餐是我们当前信仰和观点的产物，我们可以努力确保我们不会简单地被困在社交媒体的回音室里。) ”可知，作者希望通过本文要求人们不要盲目接受信息。故选B。 06（2025·安徽合肥·模拟预测） With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, it’s not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps (处于沮丧中), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don’t know the person I’m joking around with. My grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy (礼貌) to speak to others that are around you. I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke? Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together. 1．In which aspect is humor useful according to the author? A．It makes people more confident. B．It can pick up people’s spirits. C．It can help rid the cruelty in the world. D．It can help people get on well with others. 2．What does the phrase “busting a gut” in the third paragraph mean? (猜测词义题) A．Explaining carefully. B．Speaking loud. C．Keeping silent. D．Laughing hard. 3．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To talk about his own understanding of humor. B．To encourage people to be humorous in daily life. C．To introduce a practical way to get through daily life. D．To convince people of the power of being optimistic about life. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the present world? (态度推断题) A．Neutral. B．Satisfied. C．Critical. D．Indifferent 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要阐述了在充满战争、冲突和悲伤的当今世界，幽默感的重要性，以及幽默对缓解压力、改善生活的积极作用，倡导人们在日常生活中保持幽默。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps (处于沮丧中), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. (俗话说，当你知道别人正处于沮丧中时，让他们脸上露出笑容，会让我感觉很好，也温暖我的心)”可知，幽默能够在人们沮丧时让他们展露笑容，即能振奋人们的精神。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. (听到一个很棒的笑话后，他们周围的每个人都可能笑得前仰后合，而他们却坐在那里，脸上没有一丝笑容。他们听不懂让别人发笑的笑话。我busting a gut，而他们只是坐在那里，看着我，仿佛我来自外太空)”可知，别人都没有因为听到笑话而笑，我与他们的行为形成对比，即我是在大笑，所以“busting a gut”与“Laughing hard.”意思相近，意为“大笑”。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, it’s not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. (当今世界充斥着各种战争、冲突与悲伤，拥有良好的幽默感不仅是必要的，更是必不可少的，它能帮助我们度过生活中的每一天)”并结合全文内容可知，文章开头指出在当今世界，拥有良好的幽默感不仅必要而且重要，能帮助我们度过每一天；中间讲述了幽默的作用，比如缓解压力、与他人相处等；最后一段中“So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.(所以，我相信我们最好的药是聚在一起，讲一些笑话，一起笑得开心)”提到我们最好的良药是聚在一起讲些笑话，一起开怀大笑，由此可知，本文的主要目的是鼓励人们在日常生活中保持幽默，B选项“鼓励人们在日常生活中保持幽默感”符合语境。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. (没有幽默感，我们会发现自己面临诸多心理问题，或者需要服用大量药物来防止自己发疯。当今世界有太多的悲伤，它会让人精神失常)”可知，作者认为当今世界有太多悲伤，甚至会让人发疯，这体现了作者对当今世界的批判态度。故选C项。 07（2025·河北秦皇岛·模拟预测） I would never describe myself as being a cynic (愤世嫉俗者), it’s a person who has negative opinions about other people and things people do. While I might be doubtful about our ability to unite and address significant challenges, that’s based on evidence. Who wouldn’t be concerned when considering the current events we face? That’s what I might have argued before I read Zaki’s new book, Hope for Cynics. Afterwards, I felt a sense of pity: I might be part of the problem. Zaki, a professor of psychology and the director of the Stanford Social Neuroscience Lab, presents a picture of cynicism’s hold on us. And its potential impacts on our future and personal well-being. In 2018, only 32% of the Americans surveyed said that “most people can be trusted”, compared with nearly 50% in 1972. During this process, cynicism has taken root as a response to many challenges. But, Zaki argues, it’s an own goal: expecting the most negative outcomes is self-harming. It weakens our connections with others and discourages us from tackling issues that matter. Say climate crisis. Expecting the most negative outcomes also harms our chances of finding happiness in the here and now. The popular belief that cynics are just smarter and more realistic isn’t necessarily justifiable. Zaki points out that cynics perform worse at cognitive (认知) tests and are less effective at identifying untrustworthy people and lies than non-cynics. “200,000 years ago, the people worrying about the dangers on the horizon probably did better than their friend relaxed by the sunset, but now being overly anxious can lead us to overestimate the chances of frightening but rare events,” he says. As a self-described “recovering cynic”, Zaki has made small but powerful changes in his own life. First, he has become more conscious of cynical thoughts, noticing when he is coming to “unnecessarily cold conclusions” and interrupting them with facts. Tellingly, Zaki has noticed that coming to the conclusions is most common when he’s sleep-lacking or stressed; cynicism is a kind of burnout. Zaki also practices what he calls “positive talk”: spreading word, within his circles, of acts of generosity or kindness. I think it is this “personal counter-programming” to cynicism. 1．Why did the author initially refuse to be labeled as a cynic? A．Her doubt made much sense. B．Her view was widely accepted. C．She disliked such type of person. D．She had great faith in her ability. 2．What may be the cause of cynicism? (推理判断题) A．Burning desires for well-being. B．Decreased faith in each other. C．Constant emergence of challenges. D．Negative attitudes to the future. 3．Why is it bad for a person to expect the worst? A．It fuels ignorance of dangers. B．It goes against the popular belief. C．It discourages realistic thoughts. D．It does damage to our social bonds. 4．What does Zaki’s practice of overcoming cynicism suggest? A．Positive talk promotes kind acts. B．Action speaks louder than words. C．Minor yet impactful changes matter. D．High mental pressures relate to burnout. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕心理学教授Zaki的新书《愤世嫉俗者的希望》展开，阐述了愤世嫉俗情绪的现状、其对个人和未来的负面影响，以及Zaki作为 “正在恢复的愤世嫉俗者”通过个人实践克服愤世嫉俗的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I would never describe myself as being a cynic (愤世嫉俗者), it’s a person who has negative opinions about other people and things people do. While I might be doubtful about our ability to unite and address significant challenges, that’s based on evidence.(我绝不会把自己描述成一个愤世嫉俗者，愤世嫉俗者是对他人和人们所做的事情持负面看法的人。虽然我可能对我们团结起来应对重大挑战的能力表示怀疑，但这是有证据的。)”可知，作者最初拒绝被贴上愤世嫉俗者的标签是因为她的怀疑是有道理的。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In 2018, only 32% of the Americans surveyed said that “most people can be trusted”, compared with nearly 50% in 1972. During this process, cynicism has taken root as a response to many challenges.(2018年，只有32%的受访美国人表示“大多数人是可以信任的”，而1972年这一比例接近50%。在这个过程中，作为对许多挑战的回应，愤世嫉俗已经根深蒂固。)”可知，人们之间的信任度下降可能是愤世嫉俗产生的原因。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But, Zaki argues, it’s an own goal: expecting the most negative outcomes is self-harming. It weakens our connections with others and discourages us from tackling issues that matter.(这是一个自摆乌龙：期待最负面的结果是自我伤害。它削弱了我们与他人的联系，阻碍我们解决重要的问题。)”可知，一个人期待最坏的结果是不好的，因为这会损害我们的社会纽带。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As a self-described “recovering cynic”, Zaki has made small but powerful changes in his own life.(作为一个自称“正在恢复的愤世嫉俗者”，扎基在自己的生活中做出了微小但有力的改变。)”可知，扎基克服愤世嫉俗的做法表明微小但有影响的改变很重要。故选C项。 08（24-25高三下·宁夏中卫·阶段练习） Thinking back on the college recommendations I’ve written, a pattern occurs: The most successful students are never merely great students. They are devoted to at least six other pursuits. How can a kid write such detailed reading journals on Dante, excel in painting and find the time to edit the school newspaper, volunteer at her city councilman’s office, run a half-marathon, take photography classes and write prize-winning poetry on the side? “Our age respects the specialist,” writes Robert Twigger, “but humans are natural polymaths (博学者) .” It’s not just the youngsters who can join the polymath party. The sumption that learning stops when you leave university is at odds with the evidence. It appears that a great deal depends on the nucleus basalis. This bit of the brain produces significant amounts of acetylcholine that regulates the rate at which new connections are made between brain cells. This in turn determines how readily we form memories of various kinds. So what’s the trick to letting the acetylcholine flow more plentifully? Twigger again: People as old as 90 who actively acquire new interests retain their ability to learn. But if we stop taxing the nucleus basalis, it begins to dry up. In some older people it has been shown to contain no acetylcholine. But simply attempting new things seems to offer benefits to people. After only short periods of trying, the ability to make new connections develops. Two years ago, I had some newfound headspace to write a piece for The New York Times. I had no idea if I’d be able to keep up the writing while being a dad and a teacher and a runner, but I thought I’d give it a try. And a few months later I started blogging for The Economist as well. Adding new activities to my plate seems to have given me a new source of energy, and sometimes when I’m worn out, I’m also, strangely, uplifted. It undervalues our lives to willingly enter into mindless routines. Make stuff. Pursue a new interest. Consider career changes, even if you don’t actually make one. Stop this, start that. Do something new. Come on, it’s good for you. 1．What does the author find about the most successful students? A．They are gifted in arts. B．They are all-round athletes. C．They have wide-ranging interests. D．They make efforts to promote the public good. 2．What does the author intend to illustrate by quoting Twigger in paragraph 4? (推理判断题) A．How to enhance the brain’s capacity for learning. B．Why humans are natural polymaths. C．What is the key to a good memory. D．What to do to age slowly. 3．How does the author describe writing in his spare time? (推理判断题) A．It makes him struggle to balance many roles. B．It recharges his passion and enthusiasm. C．It enables him to follow his daily routines. D．It makes him question his career choices. 4．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Find their true interest and specialize in it. B．Prioritize academic achievement. C．Break their comfort zones and enjoy new challenges. D．Seek out groundbreaking and pioneering work. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了多元追求与持续学习对个人成长和大脑活力的积极影响，鼓励人们打破常规，勇于尝试新事物，以丰富生活并提升自我。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thinking back on the college recommendations I’ve written, a pattern occurs: The most successful students are never merely great students. They are devoted to at least six other pursuits.(回顾我写过的大学推荐信，我发现一个规律：最成功的学生绝不仅仅是成绩优异的学生。他们至少还专注于其他六项事业)”可知，这些成功的学生都拥有广泛的兴趣爱好，而非单一领域的专长。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“So what’s the trick to letting the acetylcholine flow more plentifully? Twigger again: People as old as 90 who actively acquire new interests retain their ability to learn. But if we stop taxing the nucleus basalis, it begins to dry up. In some older people it has been shown to contain no acetylcholine. But simply attempting new things seems to offer benefits to people. After only short periods of trying, the ability to make new connections develops.(那么，让乙酰胆碱更充沛地分泌有什么诀窍呢？还是Twigger的观点：即便是90岁高龄的人，只要积极培养新的兴趣，就能保持学习能力。但如果我们不再给基底核施加“压力”，它就会开始衰退。研究表明，有些老年人的基底核中已经检测不到乙酰胆碱了。但仅仅是尝试新事物，似乎就能给人们带来益处。只需短时间的尝试，大脑形成新连接的能力就会有所提升。)”可知，第四段首先提出问题，随后提出Twigger 的观点：即便是90岁高龄的人，只要积极培养新的兴趣，就能保持学习能力。由此可见，引用Twigger的话是为了说明通过尝试新事物、培养新兴趣，能促进乙酰胆碱分泌，增强大脑的学习能力，即如何提高大脑的学习能力。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“And a few months later I started blogging for The Economist as well. Adding new activities to my plate seems to have given me a new source of energy, and sometimes when I’m worn out, I’m also, strangely, uplifted.(几个月后，我又开始为《经济学人》写博客。在日常事务中增加新的活动，似乎给了我新的能量来源。有时，当我疲惫不堪时，却也奇怪地感到精神振奋。)”可知，作者在业余时间写作为他带来了新的能量，甚至在疲惫时能让他感到振奋，即重新激发了他的热情与活力。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It undervalues our lives to willingly enter into mindless routines. Make stuff. Pursue a new interest. Consider career changes, even if you don’t actually make one. Stop this, start that. Do something new. Come on, it’s good for you.(心甘情愿地陷入毫无意义的常规生活，是对我们生命的贬低。去创造东西吧。去追求新的兴趣吧。考虑一下职业变动，即便你实际上并不会真的变动。停下这件事，开始那件事。做点新的尝试。来吧，这对你有好处。)”可知，作者建议读者打破一成不变的舒适区，尝试新事物、迎接新挑战。故选C。 09（25-26高三上·湖北武汉·开学考试） In 1910, the Los Angeles Times ran a story about a boy tasked with opening a valve (阀门) on a steam-powered water pump to release built - up pressure. His entire job was staring at the machines all day, an incredibly boring task. The “lazy” boy, however, invented an automatic release that let the pump run properly, winning his freedom — and in doing so, creating the first automatic steam engine. Though the story may be fictional, the boy’s behavior reflects a deeper truth: When we feel lazy, we often look for easier ways, trying to improve processes and save time and effort. In other words, laziness can drive innovation. In recent years, some psychologists and business leaders have come to grasp this insight, shifting our view of what laziness really means. Walter Chrysler is said to have noted: “I always choose a lazy person to do a hard job because a lazy person will find an easy way to do it.” Our brains are naturally inclined toward laziness. Unlike our ancestors, who had to conserve energy to compete for food, flee predators, and fight, we no longer face survival as a daily concern. It might seem natural to be “lazier,” but the opposite has happened. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Americans now sleep less and work more than before; worker productivity has risen 400 percent since 1950. Our culture teaches us that our worth depends on how hard we work. So we push even harder to produce more. Yet there’s a big, sad paradox: The harder we work, the less productive we become. When demands rise, we tend to push harder. But without rest and recharge, we grow less efficient, make more mistakes, and feel less engaged. So how can we make labor more meaningful and life more fulfilling? Current research in psychology and neuroscience points to valuing a wandering mind. Take breaks, let thoughts drift — learn to be idle. This week, notice downtime in your day, empty spaces on your calendar. Instead of filling them with more work, just sit on the sofa and be, as poet Mary Oliver put it, “idle and blessed.” 1．What is the author’s attitude to the boy opening the valve? (态度推断题) A．Dismissive. B．Supportive. C．Ambiguous. D．Doubtful. 2．What can be concluded from paragraph 4? (推理判断题) A．Contemporary society respects creativity. B．Americans are living a worse life than before. C．Our ancestors considered work unbearable. D．People nowadays still need to struggle with poverty. 3．What does the underlined word “paradox” in paragraph 5 mean? (猜测词义题) A．Wild imagination. B．Unclear explanation. C．Strange contradiction. D．Rare phenomenon. 4．What is the author’s purpose writing the text? A．Compare the old and new views on laziness. B．Criticize irresponsible attitude towards hard work. C．Advise people to abandon the value of hard work. D．Inspire people to stay refreshed for better work and life. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章借男孩发明自动蒸汽发动机的故事引出“懒惰能驱动创新”观点，指出当下人们虽大脑倾向懒惰却工作更努力，陷入努力工作但效率降低的矛盾，建议人们学会休息放空，让工作和生活更有意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Though the story may be fictional, the boy’s behavior reflects a deeper truth: When we feel lazy, we often look for easier ways, trying to improve processes and save time and effort. In other words, laziness can drive innovation. (虽然这个故事可能是虚构的，但这个男孩的行为反映了一个更深层次的事实：当我们感到懒惰时，我们通常会寻找更简单的方法，试图改善流程，节省时间和精力。换句话说，懒惰可以推动创新。)”可推断作者对男孩这种看似懒惰实则创新的行为是支持的。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Our brains are naturally inclined toward laziness. Unlike our ancestors, who had to conserve energy to compete for food, flee predators, and fight, we no longer face survival as a daily concern. It might seem natural to be “lazier,” but the opposite has happened. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Americans now sleep less and work more than before; worker productivity has risen 400 percent since 1950. Our culture teaches us that our worth depends on how hard we work. So we push even harder to produce more. (我们的大脑天生就倾向于懒惰。与我们的祖先不同，他们必须保存能量来争夺食物，逃离掠食者，并进行战斗，我们不再把生存作为日常关注的问题。“更懒”似乎很自然，但事实恰恰相反。根据美国劳工统计局的数据，美国人现在比以前睡得更少，工作得更多；自1950年以来，工人的生产率提高了400%。我们的文化告诉我们，我们的价值取决于我们工作的努力程度。因此，我们更加努力地生产更多产品。)”指出美国人睡眠更少、工作时间更长且生产率激增但文化过度推崇“价值取决于努力工作”。此现象暗示生活压力增大，所以美国人的生活比以前更糟糕。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“The harder we work, the less productive we become. (我们工作越努力，效率却越低)”可知，工作越努力，效率却越低，是一种奇怪的矛盾情况，所以“paradox”意思是“Strange contradiction (奇怪的矛盾)”，故选C。 4．推理判断题。文章先阐述懒惰能驱动创新，接着指出人们工作中努力却低效的问题，再根据最后一段“So how can we make labor more meaningful and life more fulfilling? Current research in psychology and neuroscience points to valuing a wandering mind. Take breaks, let thoughts drift — learn to be idle. This week, notice downtime in your day, empty spaces on your calendar. Instead of filling them with more work, just sit on the sofa and be, as poet Mary Oliver put it, “idle and blessed.” (那么，我们怎样才能让劳动更有意义，让生活更充实呢？目前心理学和神经科学的研究表明，人们重视走神。休息一下，让思绪飘散——学会闲散。这周，注意你一天中的休息时间，日历上的空白时间。与其用更多的工作填满它们，不如坐在沙发上，像诗人玛丽·奥利弗所说的那样，“悠闲而幸福”)”可推断作者目的是激励人们保持精神饱满，以获得更好的工作和生活。故选D。 10（24-25高三下·江苏盐城·阶段练习） During a party, the host suggested we each share a significant moment from the year. As one woman shared how her pottery (制陶技艺) class had allowed her to explore her creative side, another cheekily said, “Oh, you could totally turn it into a side hustle (副业).” Before she even finished the sentence, I exclaimed, “No! Don’t monetize your hobby!” I am speaking this from my personal experience! My writing of financial opinion pieces stems from (源于) what was once a hobby. I shared my experiences with personal finance on a little blog, which eventually became opportunities for speaking engagements, freelance writing and even book deals. However, as this became my fulltime career, the work, despite being aligned with (与……一致) my areas of interest and skill, lost the fun factor that motivated me in the beginning. It also shifted how my brain assessed my other hobbies. Every area of interest turned into a potential moneymaker — or I eschewed certain hobbies when they were time and energy consuming, and wouldn’t yield a profit in the short run. Oh, how wrong I was. The pandemic slowed down my work for a period, which forced me to face up to the fact that I otherwise had little to fill my time outside of reading or watching television. As much as I find those activities relaxing, I longed for more creativity and stimulation from a hobby. So in the last two years, I’ve taught myself to crochet (编织). Although it doesn’t bring me any income, it has yielded significant, non-financial returns. There is a reconnection with my creative self, a sense of accomplishment from learning a new skill, and the benefit of challenging my mind and body to learn new ways of moving. Yes, crochet is a skill set I could easily monetize, but profit margins would be nonexistent if you did the maths on cost of supplies and the hours of labor for one piece. Instead, I donate my creations or give them away for birthdays and holidays. As someone who has had multiple streams of income her entire adult life, I understand that there’s a benefit to having more than one way to earn money. But some hobbies should simply be hobbies. We are allowed to create and learn for personal enrichment, even if it costs us some money — and earns none. 1．What happened after the author turned her hobby into a career? A．She discovered more of her potential. B．She gained little pleasure out of the work. C．She changed her areas of interest and skill. D．She learned to assess hobbies in various ways. 2．What does the underlined word “eschewed” in paragraph 3 probably mean? (猜测词义题) A．Pursued. B．Enjoyed. C．Avoided. D．Considered. 3．What does the author say about her crochet hobby? A．It is hardly profitable. B．It helps improve her math skills. C．It can make her birthday more meaningful. D．It fails to give her a sense of accomplishment. 4．What can be the best title of the text? (标题概括题) A．It’s okay to monetize a hobby B．Never take up a hobby just for fun C．It’s never too late to start a new hobby D．Don’t turn your hobby into a side hustle 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过作者的亲身经历，论述了将爱好变成副业的弊端，表达了“有些爱好就应该只是爱好”的观点，并呼吁人们保留纯粹的个人兴趣以获得精神满足。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, as this became my fulltime career, the work, despite being aligned with (与……一致) my areas of interest and skill, lost the fun factor that motivated me in the beginning.(然而，随着这成为我全职的工作，尽管这份工作与我的兴趣领域和技能相契合，但其中的乐趣元素却已不复存在，再也无法像当初那样激励我了)”可知，当作者将爱好变成全职工作之后，她就失去了曾经的爱好所带来的乐趣，即她从工作中获得的快乐很少。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中画线词所在句“Every area of interest turned into a potential moneymaker — or I eschewed certain hobbies when they were time and energy consuming, and wouldn’t yield a profit in the short run.(每一个兴趣领域都变成了潜在的赚钱机会——或者当某些爱好耗时耗力，且在短期内无法带来利润时，我会eschewed它们)”可知，后半句是对前半句的补充说明，由此可知，作者会把感兴趣的领域视为潜在赚钱途径，而对于那些耗时耗力且短期内无利可图的爱好，她的态度应是避开。故划线词“eschewed”与“avoided”意思相近，意为“避开”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Yes, crochet is a skill set I could easily monetize, but profit margins would be nonexistent if you did the maths on cost of supplies and the hours of labor for one piece.(是的，编织是一项我可以轻松赚钱的技能，但如果你计算一下材料成本和一件作品的工时，利润率将不存在)”可知，作者认为编织这种爱好是很难产生利润的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Before she even finished the sentence, I exclaimed, “No! Don’t monetize your hobby!”(她话还没说完，我就大声说道：“不行！别把你的爱好变成赚钱的手段！”)”和最后一段中“But some hobbies should simply be hobbies.(但有些爱好就应该是爱好)”以及通读全文可知，作者从自身经历出发，谈论了为什么不应把爱好变成副业，故D项“不要把你的爱好变成副业活动”能概括文章主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选D。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第2页，共38页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$