精品解析：湖南省永州市零陵区永州市第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学英语试题

永州一中2025年下期高三入学考试试卷 英语 温馨提示： 1. 本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 2. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并按规定贴好条形码。 3. 请将全部答案填写在答题卡上。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题，每题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Why did the woman go to Mallorca? A. To teach Spanish. B. To look for a job. C. To see a friend. 2. What does the man ask the woman to do? A. Take him to hospital. B. Go to a class with him. C. Submit a report for him. 3. Who will look after the children? A. Jennifer. B. Suzy. C. Marie. 4. What are the speakers going to do? A. Drive home. B. Go shopping. C. Eat out. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. How to fry fish. B. How to make coffee. C. How to remove a bad smell. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. When does Gomez watch a football game on TV? A. When he fails to get a ticket. B. When the stadium is crowded. C. When his friends are too busy. 7. How much did Gomez pay for the football game last time? A. $20. B. $25. C. $50. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What did Alex do in the afternoon? A. He had a walk. B. He went hunting. C. He planted trees. 9. What did Alex bring back? A. Flowers. B. Leaves. C. Books. 10. What was Bob doing when Alex saw him? A. Fishing. B. Taking pictures. C. Swimming. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What did David do on his most recent holiday? A. He had a boat trip. B. He took a balloon flight. C. He climbed a mountain. 12. What is on David’s list? A. Gifts he needed to buy. B. Things he wished to do. C. Date s he had to remember. 13. Where does the woman suggest David go for his next holiday? A. Australia. B. California. C. The Amazon. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. Why did Sarah make the phone call? A. To ask a favor. B. To pass on a message. C. To make an appointment. 15. Where is Sarah now? A. In Brighton. B. At her home. C. At the Shelton Hotel. 16. What time is Michael leaving his place tomorrow morning? A. At 7:40. B. At 8:00. C. At 8:20. 17. What is the probable relationship between John and Sarah? A. Neighbors. B. Fellow workers. C. Husband and wife. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. What do most people think is very important in spoken communication? A. Pronunciation. B. Vocabulary. C. Grammar. 19. Why should you listen to experts according to the speaker? A. To develop your reading fluency. B. To improve your note-taking skills. C. To find out your mispronunciations. 20. What is the speaker’s last suggestion? A. Spell out the difficult words. B. Check the words in a dictionary. C. Practice reading the words aloud. 第二部分 阅读（共两节） 第一节 阅读理解 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。 A Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. Group Assignments (30%) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded. Late Work An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 1. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article. 2. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date? A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade. C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it. B Black Friday The day after Thanksgiving is the start of the holiday shopping season. Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday, so the day after is a Friday. This day has come to be known as Black Friday. It has been the busiest shopping day of the year since 2005. Most stores offer great deals on Black Friday. They open their doors in the small hours of the morning. They try to attract shoppers with big discounts. Some items like TVs are much cheaper than usual. Stores may even lose money on these items. They hope that shoppers will buy gifts for other people while they are in the store. Black Friday is a great time to get good deals. The problem is that there are not enough low-priced items to go around. Each store may only have a few. These items are in high demand. People stand in long lines to get such great deals. They may line up hours before a store opens. They may be hoping to get a low price on a TV or laptop, but not everyone who wants one will get one. Some people leave disappointed. The situation can be tense. Some Black Friday events have been violent. Large, eager crowds have trampled workers. Fights have broken out over toys or people cutting in line. People have shot one another over parking spots. But most Black Friday events are safe and fun. Still, if you plan on going, expect large crowds and a bit of pushing and shoving. So where does the name “Black Friday” come from? It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s. The police called this day Black Friday because of the heavy traffic it drew. In the 1960s, spread across the country. It seems that it is here to stay. Now people all over the country take part in the event known as Black Friday. It is even spreading to other parts of the world. Stores have held Black Friday events in the U.K., Australia, and Brazil since 2012. In Costa Rica Black Friday is known as “Viernes Negro.” And in Mexico, stores offer an annual weekend of discounts. They call it “EI Buen Fin,” which means “the good weekend” in Spanish. I guess the language of savings is universal. 4. Why do stores set prices so low on some items that they lose money? A. They want people to enjoy the holidays. B They are generous at the beginning of the holiday season. C. They hope people will buy other gifts while they are in the store. D. They are trying to get rid of old items. 5. Which best concludes the main idea of the third paragraph? A. People stand in long lines on Black Friday. B. Black Friday is a really disappointing time of the year. C. Black Friday is the best time of the year to get good deals. D. Black Friday deals are limited and not everyone will get one. 6. Which best describes the overall structure of the fifth paragraph? A. Order of time. B. Problem and solution. C. Order of importance. D. Compare and contrast. 7. Which title best expresses the author’s purpose in writing this text? A. Black Friday: Stories from the Parking Lot B. Black Friday: Why You Should Go This Year C. Black Friday: The Stuff That You Should Know D. Black Friday: How to Save Money on the Big Day C The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ” “I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.” “It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” 8. What is the purpose of the project? A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged. C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare. 9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier? A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement. C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality. 10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7? A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate. 11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs? A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative. C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results. D On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 12 What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent 14. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 第二节 七选五阅读 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 第三部分 语言运用 第一节 完形填空 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。 I’m a creature of habit. The walking route I’ve established around the block in New York____21____varies. On my walk, I take____22____in what my fellow gardeners have planted. Of all the sights, I think I____23____Nell’s Garden the most. Every morning, I pass Nell on her____24____showing respect for Mother Nature. While other women on the block ____25____noisily over coffee break, Nell communicates with her flowers in____26____spiritually. One morning Nell didn’t bend over the lilies. Nor did she prune (修剪) branches. Looking lost, she sat on her front porch and____27____off into space. “Nell! Nell! Are you all right?” Slowly she turned to me. With a long deep breath, she said in a whisper, “We are____28____.” Now I joined her in her____29____: What would I do without her fragrance and the flower heads_____30_____ in time to my footfalls. Several months going by, Nell rarely spent time among the flowers, leaving the garden_____31_____. Then one morning, a moving pickup_____32_____to block the driveway. The house sat vacant. Life is like Nell’s garden. We plan and plant, and one day we move on. This spring I planted an annual garden. A friend was_____33_____and asked, “Why did you go through all that effort? Aren’t you moving to England?” She is right. I won’t be here, but another woman will. She’ll move into my house and enjoy the flowers I’ve_____34_____. I hope that across the_____35_____another woman is planting flowers in front of a house that I’ll rent. We plant not only for ourselves, but also for those who come behind us. 21. A. occasionally B. constantly C. barely D. temporarily 22. A. part B. joy C. steps D. risks 23. A. treasure B. plant C. design D. tend 24. A. fingers B. fists C. arms D. knees 25. A. chat B. compete C. discuss D. play 26. A. fear B. amazement C. advance D. silence 27. A. flew B. stared C. blew D. went 28. A. harvesting B. packing C. travelling D. moving 29. A. sadness B. confusion C. sympathy D. madness 30. A. screaming B. dropping C. nodding D. kicking 31. A. unused B. unattended C. unmanned D. unexpected 32. A. pulled up B. drove away C. passed by D. settled down 33. A. genuine B. humble C. curious D. sensitive 34. A. taken away B. gone after C. left behind D. wondered at 35. A. country B. block C. garden D. ocean 第二节 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___36___ (cover)an area about three times ___37___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___38___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___39___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___40___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___41___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___42___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___43___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve ___44___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____45_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 说明问题； 2. 提出建议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Ryan, I’m Li Hua from Class 3. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route(路线)through thick evergreen forest. I looked around and finally spotted David who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run. What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event! I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.” I bit back my frustration(懊恼). I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward. David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer—that’s all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答. We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 永州一中2025年下期高三入学考试试卷 英语 温馨提示： 1. 本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 2. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并按规定贴好条形码。 3. 请将全部答案填写在答题卡上。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题，每题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Why did the woman go to Mallorca? A. To teach Spanish. B. To look for a job. C. To see a friend. 2. What does the man ask the woman to do? A. Take him to hospital. B. Go to a class with him. C. Submit a report for him. 3. Who will look after the children? A. Jennifer. B. Suzy. C. Marie. 4. What are the speakers going to do? A. Drive home. B. Go shopping. C. Eat out. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. How to fry fish. B. How to make coffee. C. How to remove a bad smell. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. When does Gomez watch a football game on TV? A. When he fails to get a ticket. B. When the stadium is crowded. C. When his friends are too busy. 7. How much did Gomez pay for the football game last time? A. $20. B. $25. C. $50. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What did Alex do in the afternoon? A. He had a walk. B. He went hunting. C. He planted trees. 9. What did Alex bring back? A. Flowers. B. Leaves. C. Books. 10. What was Bob doing when Alex saw him? A. Fishing. B. Taking pictures. C. Swimming. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What did David do on his most recent holiday? A. He had a boat trip. B. He took a balloon flight. C. He climbed a mountain. 12. What is on David’s list? A. Gifts he needed to buy. B. Things he wished to do. C. Date s he had to remember. 13. Where does the woman suggest David go for his next holiday? A. Australia. B. California. C. The Amazon. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. Why did Sarah make the phone call? A. To ask a favor. B. To pass on a message. C. To make an appointment. 15. Where is Sarah now? A. In Brighton. B. At her home. C. At the Shelton Hotel. 16. What time is Michael leaving his place tomorrow morning? A. At 7:40. B. At 8:00. C. At 8:20. 17. What is the probable relationship between John and Sarah? A. Neighbors. B. Fellow workers. C. Husband and wife. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. What do most people think is very important in spoken communication? A. Pronunciation. B. Vocabulary. C. Grammar. 19. Why should you listen to experts according to the speaker? A. To develop your reading fluency. B. To improve your note-taking skills. C. To find out your mispronunciations. 20. What is the speaker’s last suggestion? A. Spell out the difficult words. B. Check the words in a dictionary. C. Practice reading the words aloud. 第二部分 阅读（共两节） 第一节 阅读理解 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。 A Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. Group Assignments (30%) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded. Late Work An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 1. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article. 2. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date? A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade. C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。由此推知，本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”以及“Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework (10%)”可知，学生最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。 【点睛】 B Black Friday The day after Thanksgiving is the start of the holiday shopping season. Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday, so the day after is a Friday. This day has come to be known as Black Friday. It has been the busiest shopping day of the year since 2005. Most stores offer great deals on Black Friday. They open their doors in the small hours of the morning. They try to attract shoppers with big discounts. Some items like TVs are much cheaper than usual. Stores may even lose money on these items. They hope that shoppers will buy gifts for other people while they are in the store. Black Friday is a great time to get good deals. The problem is that there are not enough low-priced items to go around. Each store may only have a few. These items are in high demand. People stand in long lines to get such great deals. They may line up hours before a store opens. They may be hoping to get a low price on a TV or laptop, but not everyone who wants one will get one. Some people leave disappointed. The situation can be tense. Some Black Friday events have been violent. Large, eager crowds have trampled workers. Fights have broken out over toys or people cutting in line. People have shot one another over parking spots. But most Black Friday events are safe and fun. Still, if you plan on going, expect large crowds and a bit of pushing and shoving. So where does the name “Black Friday” come from? It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s. The police called this day Black Friday because of the heavy traffic it drew. In the 1960s, spread across the country. It seems that it is here to stay. Now people all over the country take part in the event known as Black Friday. It is even spreading to other parts of the world. Stores have held Black Friday events in the U.K., Australia, and Brazil since 2012. In Costa Rica Black Friday is known as “Viernes Negro.” And in Mexico, stores offer an annual weekend of discounts. They call it “EI Buen Fin,” which means “the good weekend” in Spanish. I guess the language of savings is universal. 4. Why do stores set prices so low on some items that they lose money? A. They want people to enjoy the holidays. B. They are generous at the beginning of the holiday season. C. They hope people will buy other gifts while they are in the store. D. They are trying to get rid of old items. 5. Which best concludes the main idea of the third paragraph? A. People stand in long lines on Black Friday. B. Black Friday is a really disappointing time of the year. C. Black Friday is the best time of the year to get good deals. D. Black Friday deals are limited and not everyone will get one. 6. Which best describes the overall structure of the fifth paragraph? A. Order of time. B. Problem and solution. C. Order of importance. D. Compare and contrast. 7. Which title best expresses the author’s purpose in writing this text? A. Black Friday: Stories from the Parking Lot B. Black Friday: Why You Should Go This Year C. Black Friday: The Stuff That You Should Know D. Black Friday: How to Save Money on the Big Day 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了感恩节后的第一天“黑色星期五”，并介绍了那一天的活动情况，以及其名字的历史由来。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句They hope that shoppers will buy gifts for other people while they are in the store.可知，商店把一些商品的价格定得那么低，不惜赔钱的原因是他们希望人们在商店里买其他礼物。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句They may be hoping to get a low price on a TV or laptop, but not everyone who wants one will get one.可知，黑色星期五的交易是有限的，并不是每个想买的人都能买到的，故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段第二句It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s.(20世纪50年代在费城首次使用“黑色星期五”这个名字。)以及最后一句In the 1960s, spread across the country. It seems that it is here to stay.(在20世纪60年代，传遍了全国。)可知，第五段的整体结构是按照时间顺序安排的，故选A。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章主要内容为描述“黑色星期五”活动的具体情况，以及其名字的历史由来，可知主要为介绍关于“黑色星期五”你应该知道的一些事情。故选C。 C The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ” “I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.” “It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities and it feels great to have done something useful.” There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” 8. What is the purpose of the project? A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged. C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare. 9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier? A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement. C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality. 10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7? A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate. 11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs? A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative. C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况。)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了减少孤独和提高老年人的幸福感。故选D项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好。)”可知，Ruth Xavier很享受做这些事，她觉得自己在做有用的事，这能够给她来良好的感觉，因此可知通过该项目她获得了一种成就感。故选B项。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” (彭福街60号的额外护理经理Wendy Wilson是第一批参与该项目的人之一，她说：“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。”)”可知，Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，也是做这个项目的创始人之一，因此可知，画线处embark on意为“开始着手做某事”，与C项“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说：“我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来。”)”可知，该项目得到了居民们的认可，大家很欢迎这个项目，而且这个项目将会带来一些好处，因此可知这个项目的反响很好，很受欢迎。故选A项。 【点睛】 D On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent 14. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。 【点睛】 第二节 七选五阅读 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。 【16题详解】 根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. (为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. (宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。 【17题详解】 根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ” (在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. (你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. (现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。 【18题详解】 根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. (在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. (不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。 【19题详解】 根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. (这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. (他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. (你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. (事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。 【20题详解】 根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. (不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. (我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。 【点睛】 第三部分 语言运用 第一节 完形填空 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。 I’m a creature of habit. The walking route I’ve established around the block in New York____21____varies. On my walk, I take____22____in what my fellow gardeners have planted. Of all the sights, I think I____23____Nell’s Garden the most. Every morning, I pass Nell on her____24____showing respect for Mother Nature. While other women on the block ____25____noisily over coffee break, Nell communicates with her flowers in____26____spiritually. One morning Nell didn’t bend over the lilies. Nor did she prune (修剪) branches. Looking lost, she sat on her front porch and____27____off into space. “Nell! Nell! Are you all right?” Slowly she turned to me. With a long deep breath, she said in a whisper, “We are____28____.” Now I joined her in her____29____: What would I do without her fragrance and the flower heads_____30_____ in time to my footfalls. Several months going by, Nell rarely spent time among the flowers, leaving the garden_____31_____. Then one morning, a moving pickup_____32_____to block the driveway. The house sat vacant. Life is like Nell’s garden. We plan and plant, and one day we move on. This spring I planted an annual garden. A friend was_____33_____and asked, “Why did you go through all that effort? Aren’t you moving to England?” She is right. I won’t be here, but another woman will. She’ll move into my house and enjoy the flowers I’ve_____34_____. I hope that across the_____35_____another woman is planting flowers in front of a house that I’ll rent. We plant not only for ourselves, but also for those who come behind us. 21. A. occasionally B. constantly C. barely D. temporarily 22. A. part B. joy C. steps D. risks 23. A. treasure B. plant C. design D. tend 24. A. fingers B. fists C. arms D. knees 25. A. chat B. compete C. discuss D. play 26. A. fear B. amazement C. advance D. silence 27. A. flew B. stared C. blew D. went 28. A. harvesting B. packing C. travelling D. moving 29. A. sadness B. confusion C. sympathy D. madness 30. A. screaming B. dropping C. nodding D. kicking 31. A. unused B. unattended C. unmanned D. unexpected 32. A. pulled up B. drove away C. passed by D. settled down 33. A. genuine B. humble C. curious D. sensitive 34. A. taken away B. gone after C. left behind D. wondered at 35. A. country B. block C. garden D. ocean 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者非常喜爱邻居种的花，但邻居因为要搬家而没有照料花园，花园就这样凋敝了。后来作者选择自己种花，料理花园，她认为种花不仅是为自己，也为下一个搬进自己家的人。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在纽约街区周围建立的步行路线几乎没有变化。A. occasionally偶尔；B. constantly不断地；C. barely仅仅，几乎不；D. temporarily暂时地。根据上文“I’m a creature of habit.”推知，作者的步行路线几乎没有变化。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我散步的时候，我对我的园丁们种植的东西感到高兴。A. part部分；B. joy开心；C. steps步骤，步子；D. risks风险。根据下文“Every morning, I pass Nell on her____4____showing respect for Mother Nature.”推知，作者对园丁种植的东西感到开心。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在所有的景点中，我认为我最珍视内尔的花园。A. treasure珍惜，看重；B. plant种植；C. design设计；D. tend照顾。根据下文“Every morning, I pass Nell on her____4____showing respect for Mother Nature.”推知，作者最珍惜和重视内尔的花园。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天早上，我都会从跪着的内尔身边经过，她这样是表示对大自然母亲的尊重。 A. fingers手指；B. fists拳头；C. arms手臂；D. knees膝盖。根据下文“One morning Nell didn’t bend over the lilies.”可知，内尔照顾花朵时常常跪着。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当街区里的其他女人边喝咖啡休息边吵吵闹闹地聊天时，内尔正无声地在精神上与她的花朵交流。A. chat聊天；B. compete竞争；C. discuss讨论；D. play玩耍。根据“noisily over coffee break”推知，其他女人在喝咖啡聊天。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. fear恐惧；B. amazement惊讶；C. advance前进，提高；D. silence寂静、无声。根据“spiritually”和上文其他女人的吵闹可知，内尔在安静地和花进行交流。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她看起来很失落，坐在前廊上，凝视着天空。A. flew飞；B. stared凝视；C. blew吹；D. went去。根据“Looking lost”推知，内尔此时凝视着天空。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她深深地吸了一口气，低声说:“我们马上搬走了。”A. harvesting收获；B. packing打包；C. travelling旅行，运行；D. moving移动，搬家。根据下文“What would I do without her fragrance and the flower heads”推知，内尔要搬走了。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，我和她一起沉浸在悲伤中：如果没有她的芳香和随着我脚步而点头的花头，我该怎么办？A. sadness悲伤；B. confusion困惑；C. sympathy同情，怜悯；D. madness疯狂，癫狂。根据上文“Looking lost”和““We are____8____.””推知，作者得知内尔要搬走，和她一起陷入了悲伤。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. screaming尖叫；B. dropping落下；C. nodding点头；D. kicking踢。此处是拟人用法。花随着作者的走动而摇曳，就像对作者点头问好。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个月过去了，内尔很少花时间在花丛里，花园无人看管.A. unused没有使用的；B. unattended没人照顾的；C. unmanned无人操作的；D. unexpected意料之外的。根据“Nell rarely spent time among the flowers”可知，花园无人照看。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一天早上，一辆行驶中的皮卡停了下来，挡住了车道。A. pulled up停车；B. drove away驱赶，驶离；C. passed by经过；D. settled down解决，定居。根据“block the driveway”可知，皮卡停下了。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个朋友很好奇，问：“你为什么这么努力？你不是要搬到英国吗？”A. genuine真正的；B. humble谦逊的，卑微的；C. curious好奇的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据“Why did you go through all that effort? Aren’t you moving to England?”可知，朋友感到好奇，所以提问。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她会搬进我的房子，欣赏我留下的花。A. taken away带走；B. gone after追逐，追求；C. left behind留下；D. wondered at对……感到惊叹。根据上文“Why did you go through all that effort? Aren’t you moving to England?”可知，作者即将搬去英国，因此此处是指另一个位女士会搬进作者的房子，欣赏她留下的花。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望大洋彼岸的另一个女人正在我要租的房子前种花。A. country国家；B. block街区；C. garden花园；D. ocean海洋。根据上文“The walking route I’ve established around the block in New York____1____varies.”可知，作者居住在美国，即将搬去大洋彼岸的英国。故选D。 第二节 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___36___ (cover)an area about three times ___37___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___38___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___39___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___40___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___41___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___42___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___43___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve ___44___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____45_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】36. Covering 37. the 38. were 39. to increase 40. is designed 41 and 42. populations 43. eventually 44. as 45. that 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。 【37题详解】 考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，此处考查倍数表达法，即为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份，因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。 【38题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。 【40题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。 【41题详解】 考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处前后为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，且在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population ，意为“种群”，且应用复数形式。故填populations。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处后为动词achieve，空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve，结合语意可知，此处意为“最终”，应用副词eventually。故填eventually。 【44题详解】 考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语serve as，意为“充当”，故空处应填介词as。故填as。 【45题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子可知，空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。 【点睛】 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 说明问题； 2. 提出建议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Ryan, I’m Li Hua from Class 3. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Ryan, I’m Li Hua from Class 3. I think it’s not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class. The reasons are as follows. To begin with, randomly pairing up students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups. This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve. Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with. My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. This way, everyone can feel more comfortable practicing and improving their spoken English together. Thank you for considering my suggestion. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇是应用文写作，要求考生给外教写一封邮件，告诉他将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 首先：to begin with → first of all 提高：improve → progress 建议：suggestion → advice 选择：choose → select 2 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. 拓展句：My suggestion is that we are supposed to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. 【点睛】[高分句型1] This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve.（运用了现在分词作状语） [高分句型2] Besides, Students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with.（运用了省略句和who引导定语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route(路线)through thick evergreen forest. I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run. What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event! I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.” I bit back my frustration(懊恼). I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward. David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer—that’s all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答. We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. I said gently and quietly, “No one can change your mind, except yourself. If you desire to challenge yourself, there is nothing to do with others’ thoughts.” He sat still with a deep breath. “You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason why you show up here”, I added with a sincere tone. Hearing my words, David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run. His coach heard what David said and gave me a look—the kind that was more determined than anyone else’s. I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. The race started. It seemed that the runway was extremely long for young children, not to mention a child with a brain disease. David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses, though he was tripped over within the a few kilometers. It didn’t take long before he picked himself up again and continued his mission. Classmates all appeared on the racing track, cheering for him. “Come on! You can make it! We are proud of you!” they shouted enthusiastically. To everyone’s joy, he reached the final line and ranked the 20th. It was no more important whether he won the first place or not. It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者是一名特殊教育教师，在大型越野赛跑那天，发现患有大脑疾病的大卫独自站在一旁。作者问其原因，他说准备放弃比赛。从教练口中得知，因为担心同学们会嘲笑大卫，所以教练想让大卫自己去决定是否参加赛跑。作者让大卫追寻自己的内心，不理会别人的看法，大卫最终参赛，尽管遇到困难，他战胜了自己，这已经无关名次，而是他的勇敢和坚定让这一切成为可能。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我们挨着坐着，但大卫不愿看我一眼。”可知，第一段可描写作者鼓励大卫继续完成比赛，大卫经过强烈的心理斗争，最终决定参加比赛。 ②由第二段首句内容“我看着大卫和其他选手一起走到起跑线上。”可知，第二段可描写大卫开始参赛，虽然中途遇到困难，仍然坚持到最后，完成比赛。 2.续写线索：鼓励大卫——心理变化——决定参赛——克服困难——加油助威——完成比赛——感悟 3.词汇激活： 行动类： ①深呼吸：with a deep breath/breathe deeply ②坚持做：insisted on doing/be stick to doing 情绪类： ①热情：enthusiastically /with great passion ②骄傲：be proud of/take pride in 【点睛】[高分句型1]You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason why you show up here. (由which引导的非限制性定语从句和why引导的限制性定语从句) [高分句型2]Hearing my words, David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run. (现在分词作状语和省略that的宾语从句) [高分句型3]It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally. (由It was...that结构引导的强调句型) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$