Unit 5 Working the land 主语从句 学案- 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

( 单元核心语法·精练 ) 选必一 Unit 5 Working the land （主语从句） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、主语从句的构成及引导词 用法介绍 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，可直接位于句首，也可用 it 作形式主语（真正主语后置），常用引导词及用法如下： 引导词类型 功能作用 示例 that（无意义） 不充当成分，仅起连接作用 That he passed the exam surprised us.（他通过了考试，这让我们很惊讶。） whether/if（是否） 表疑问，if 不可用于句首 Whether she will come is uncertain.（她是否会来还不确定。） 连接代词（what, who 等） 在从句中作主语、宾语等 What he said makes sense.（他说的话有道理。）（what 在从句中作宾语） 连接副词（when, how 等） 在从句中作状语 When they will start is unknown.（他们何时出发还不知道。）（when 在从句中作时间状语） 注意事项 1. that 的省略规则：位于句首时 that 不可省略（错误：He passed the exam surprised us. 正确：That he passed the exam surprised us.）；it 作形式主语时 that 可省略（如 It’s clear (that) he is right.）。 2. if 与 whether 的区别：引导主语从句时只能用 whether，不可用 if（错误：If he will come is a mystery. 正确：Whether he will come is a mystery.）。 3. 语序问题：主语从句需用陈述语序（错误：What is he doing is a secret. 正确：What he is doing is a secret.）。 二、主语从句的位置及句式 用法介绍 主语从句的位置有两种：直接位于句首；用 it 作形式主语，将真正主语从句置于句末，使句子结构更平衡。 位置类型 句式结构 示例 句首位置 主语从句 + 谓语 + 其他 Who will host the party has not been decided yet.（谁来主持派对还没决定。） 句末位置（it 作形式主语） It + 谓语 + 其他 + 主语从句 It is important that we keep calm.（我们保持冷静很重要。） It + be + 形容词 + 主语从句 It’s strange that she didn’t come.（她没来，这很奇怪。） It + be + 名词短语 + 主语从句 It’s a pity that you missed the show.（你错过了演出，真遗憾。） 注意事项 1. 形式主语 it 的不可替代性：当主语从句较长时，必须用 it 作形式主语（错误：That we should help each other is necessary. 较啰嗦，正确：It is necessary that we should help each other.）。 2. 主谓一致：单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数（如 What he said is true.）；由 and 连接两个主语从句时，谓语用复数（如 What he said and what he did are different.）。 三、主语从句的特殊用法及辨析 用法介绍 主语从句在时态呼应、语气表达等方面有特殊规则，需结合语境准确使用。 特殊用法 说明 示例 时态不受主句限制 从句时态根据实际情况而定 He says that he will come.（他说他会来。）（主句一般现在时，从句一般将来时） 虚拟语气的使用 若表建议、命令等，从句用 “should + 动词原形”（should 可省略） It’s suggested that we (should) start early.（建议我们早点出发。） 与动名词作主语的区别 主语从句表具体事件，动名词表抽象动作 That he won the game excited us.（他赢了比赛，这让我们很兴奋。）（具体事件） Winning the game requires effort.（赢比赛需要努力。）（抽象动作） 注意事项 1. 虚拟语气的标志词：当主句谓语是 suggest, demand, require 等表 “建议、要求” 的词，或 it 后接 important, necessary 等形容词时，从句需用虚拟语气（错误：It’s necessary that he works hard. 正确：It’s necessary that he (should) work hard.）。 2. 与同位语从句的区分：主语从句作句子主语，同位语从句解释说明名词（如主语从句：What he said is a secret. 同位语从句：The news that he won is true.）。 一、单句语法填空题：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．（23-24高二上·吉林长春·期中）How did it come about a quiet person should appear so wild today? 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：一个文静的人今天怎么会显得如此狂野呢？此处it作形式主语，that引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分，仅起连接作用。故填that。 2．（23-24高二上·山东济宁·期中） Yuan Longping had realized his dream of seawater rice surprised the whole world. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：袁隆平实现了他的海大米梦，震惊了全世界。引导主语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that，首字母大写。故填That。 3．（23-24高二上·四川成都·期中） (who) breaks the law will be punished. 【答案】Whoever 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：无论谁犯法都会受到惩罚。分析句子结构可知，______breaks the law为主语从句，从句缺少主语，需用连接代词引导，表示“无论谁”应用whoever，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Whoever。 4．（24-25高二上·广东茂名·期中） we need to do now is to figure out a solution, will help us overcome the difficulties. 【答案】 What which 【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：我们现在需要做的是找出一个解决方案，这将帮助我们克服困难。第一个空为what引导的主语从句，在句中作宾语，首字母大写。第二个空先行词是a solution，在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填①What；②which。 5．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中） concerns him most is that his son is addicted to online games. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：最让他担心的是他的儿子沉迷于网络游戏。空处引导主语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，且表示“……的事情”，所以用连接代词what引导该从句。单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 6．（23-24高二上·广东茂名·期中） impressed me most was her sweet voice. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：给我印象最深的是她甜美的嗓音。分析句子结构可知，was前为主语从句，从句缺少主语，且意义为“……的事物”，故用What引导主语从句。故填What。 7．（23-24高二上·山东济宁·期中） we can make our dream come true depends on how hard we work. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们是否能使我们的梦想成真取决于我们有多努力。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的主语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，但是句意不完整，根据句意可知，此处应表示“是否”，所以使用whether引导主语从句，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Whether。 8．（22-23高二上·山东济宁·期中） made him embarrassed was that one of his buttons was missing. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：使他尴尬的是他的一颗钮扣不见了。“____ made him embarrassed”为名词性从句，在句中作主语；设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，指代“使他尴尬的事情”，应用连接代词what；设空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 9．（23-24高二上·江苏盐城·期中）It has not been decided yet the upcoming English competition will be held. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：即将到来的英语比赛是否举行还没有被决定。分析句子可知，It为形式主语开头，空处缺少连接词引导主语从句，分析句子可知，从句部分结构完整，不缺少主要成分，根据has not been decided可知，英语比赛“是否”举行还没有被决定，用whether引导从句。故填whether。 10．（23-24高二上·广东揭阳·期中） the earth goes around the sun is a fact known to all. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：地球绕着太阳转是众所周知的事实。________the earth goes around the sun是主语从句，从句句意完整不缺少任何成分，应用无任何意义只起连接作用的that引导，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填That。 【点睛】 11．（23-24高二上·福建·期末）A typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this: when a new couple is engaged, follows is a choice of the date of their marriage. 【答案】what 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：如今，典型的中国婚礼是这样的：当一对新人订婚时，接下来是选择结婚日期。在主语从句中缺少主语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 12．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中） impressed me most were the thousands of volunteers who cheerfully helped visitors to find their way around. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：最让我印象深刻的是成千上万的志愿者，他们愉快地帮助游客找路。空处引导主语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，结合“impressed me most”可知，主语指事物，应用连接代词what作引导词，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填What。 13．（24-25高二上·北京·期中） you really lack is self-confidence. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你真正缺乏的是自信。空处引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，使用连接代词what引导，首字母应大写，故填What。 14．（24-25高二上·广东东莞·期中） we are supposed to do is to spare no effort to preserve our cultural heritages. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们应该做的是不遗余力地保护我们的文化遗产。 we are supposed to do是主语从句，从句缺少宾语，且意义为“……的事物”，所以应该用连接代词what引导从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 15．（24-25高二上·河北衡水·期中） worries many people most is that these chemicals may even cause cancer. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：许多人最担心的是这些化学物质甚至可能致癌。空处引导名词性从句作主语，主语从句缺少主语，结合“that these chemicals may even cause cancer”可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填What。 二、完成句子 1. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期中）有机食品是否真正对人们更好依然不清楚。 is really better for people remain unknown. (主语从句) 【答案】Whether organic food 【详解】考查主语从句。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“有机食品是否”，“有机食品”是organic food，是不可数名词，分析句子结构可知，“_____is really better for people”是主语从句，引导主语从句的“是否”用whether，位于句首，首字母大写，因此空格处是Whether organic food。故填Whether organic food。 2. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期中）世界粮食计划署致力于实现的东西是缓解饥饿、保障食品安全和营养。 the World Food Programme aims to achieve is to relieve and support food security and . (主语从句) 【答案】 What hunger nutrition 【详解】考查主语从句和名词。分析英文句子的结构可知，“_____the World Food Programme aims to achieve”是主语从句，从句中缺宾语，句子表示“世界粮食计划署致力于实现的东西”，因此第一空用what引导主语从句，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，因此第一空是What；对比中英文句子可知，第二空意为“饥饿”，第三空意为“营养”，都用名词作宾语，“饥饿”的名词是hunger，“营养”的名词是nutrition，都是不可数名词。故填What，hunger，nutrition。 3. （24-25高二上·广东广州·期中）这部电影给我印象最深的是它令人惊讶的结局。 me most about the film was its ending. 【答案】 What impressed surprising 【详解】考查主语从句、动词时态和形容词。根据中英文提示可知，需要翻译的部分是“这本书给我们印象最深的”，表示“使印象深刻”应用impress，结合“was”可知，使用一般过去时；表示“这部电影给我印象最深的是”应用what impressed me most，what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语；“人惊讶的”为surprising，作定语修饰名词。故填What impressed ；surprising。 4. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期中）她说的是什么还不知道。 is not yet known. 【答案】 What she said 【详解】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处应为主语从句，根据句意，此处表示“她所说的话”是过去发生的，所以从句中的谓语动词应为一般过去时态，从句中she said中缺少said的宾语，所以使用连接代词what引导主语从句，位于句首，所以首字母需大写。故填What she said。 5. （22-23高二上·吉林长春·期中）使他脱颖而出的是他精通几门语言。(主语从句) is his mastery of several languages. 【答案】 What makes him stand out 【详解】考查主语从句，固定短语，时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“使他脱颖而出”，“脱颖而出”是stand out，“使他脱颖而出”是make him stand out，空格处用主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，用连接代词what引导主语从句，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是what，make用第三人称单数，位于句首的单词首字母大写，因此空格处是What makes him stand out，故填What，makes，him，stand，out。 6. （22-23高二上·福建福州·期中）袁隆平给人们印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。 impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to his dreams. 【答案】 What fulfill 【详解】考查主语从句和动词。首字母大写，根据句意以及句子结构可知，该句第一处为连接代词What引导的主语从句，What在从句中作主语成分，意为“……事情”；该句第二处为动词fulfill“实现”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。故分别填What；fulfill。 7. （22-23高二上·福建福州·期中）人们希望萨勒克国家公园一直保持它自然美丽的样子。 that Sarek National Park will always natural and beautiful. 【答案】 It is hoped remain 【详解】考查固定句型和动词。分析句意可知，该句为固定句型it is hoped that结构，其中it为形式主语，that引导的为主语从句作真正的主语，所以第一空填it is hoped，因位于句首，it的首字母需大写；第二空表示“保持”应为remain，位于助动词will之后，应使用动词原形。故填①It is hoped②remain。 8. （22-23高二上·河北唐山·期中）袁隆平真正在乎的不是金钱和名望。 Yuan Longping really cared about was not money or celebrity. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指事物，应用what引导。首字母大写。故填What。 9. （23-24高二上·吉林长春·期中）在中国，当你参加宴会时，注意餐桌礼仪是至关重要的。 you mind your table manners in China when you attend a dinner party. 【答案】 It’s vital/crucial/essential/critical that should 【详解】考查固定句型和主语从句。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时；分析句子可知，此处使用了固定句型“It is+形容词+that...”，It是形式主语，that引导主语从句；“至关重要的”使用形容词vital/crucial/essential/critical，作表语，最后一空用情态动词should“应该”。故填①It’s；②vital/crucial/essential/critical；③that；④should。 10. （23-24高二上·广东广州·期中）在电影中，最令我们感动的是，他将自己的一生都奉献给了教育留守儿童。(主语从句) in the film was that he the left-behind children. 【答案】 what moved us most devoted his whole life to educating 【详解】考查主语从句和动词短语。分析句子结构可知，“最令我们感动的”作主语，可处理为主语从句，用连接代词what引导该从句，并在从句中作主语，谓语“令……感动”用动词move表示，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，宾语“我们”用宾语代词us，“最”用副词most，修饰谓语动词；“将……奉献给”是表语从句中谓语，用动词短语devote...to...表示，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态devoted...to...，宾语“他自己的一生”用his whole life，“教育”用动词educate，作介词to后宾语，用动名词educating。故填what moved us most；devoted his whole life to educating。 11. （23-24高二上·广东广州·期中）任何对骑行感兴趣的人都有资格参加比赛，在比赛中他们可以实现自己的梦想。 cycling is qualified to participate in the race, 【答案】 Whoever shows interest in where they can make their dreams come true 【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。第一空引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“任何……的人”应用whoever；表示“感兴趣”短语为show interest in，结合后文is可知为一般现在时；第二空为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词race，在从句中作地点状语，故用where；主语为they；表示“实现自己的梦想”可用make one’s dream come true，结合主语可知one's使用their，can后跟动词原形。故填①Whoever shows great interest in；②where they can make their dreams come true。 12. （23-24高二上·广东广州·期中）无论你选哪一门课程都由你来决定。 you will take is up to you. 【答案】 Whichever course 【详解】考查主语从句和名词。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“无论哪一门课程”，故用Whichever course表示。Whichever“无论哪个”，引导主语从句。course“课程”，为可数名词，根据汉语“哪一门课程”，故course用单数形式，作will take的宾语。故填①Whichever②course。 13. （23-24高二上·广东广州·期中）给我印象最深的是，每当我遇到困难时，我的老师都会鼓励我克服障碍。 is that my teacher will always encourage me whenever I come across difficulties. 【答案】 What impresses me most to overcome barriers/ obstacles 【详解】考查主语从句和非谓语。根据汉语提示可知，第一个空处为主语从句在句中作主语，主语从句用what引导，在从句中作主语，表示“令人印象深刻的事情”，impress sb. most意为“令某人印象深刻”；根据is可知，从句为一般现在时态；encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。克服障碍可以翻译为“to overcome barriers/ obstacles”。故填①What impresses me most②to overcome barriers/ obstacles。 14. （24-25高二上·江苏泰州·期中）最令我感到激动的是，如今的年轻人都是数字公民，他们具备良好的条件成为技术一代的一员。 is that young people today are digital citizens, to become part of a technological generation. 【答案】 What excites me most well-positioned 【详解】考查主语从句和形容词。“最令我感到激动的是”处理成主语从句，翻译为“What excites me most ”，what做主语。“具备良好的”为well-positioned，作状语。故填What excites me most；well-positioned 。 15. （24-25高二上·广东广州·期中）令她惊喜的是，仅仅几周时间，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。(名词性从句；宾语补足语) was in class after just a few weeks. 【答案】 What surprised her that she found herself speaking up 【详解】考查名词性从句和现在分词作宾语补足语。根据句意可知，空1：此处意为“令她惊喜的是”，表达为what surprised her，为what引导主语从句，what在从句中作主语，且根据空后的was可知，应用一般过去时，故填What surprised her；空2：此处意为“她就能大胆发言了”，表达为that she found herself speaking up，此处that引导表语从句，从句中为“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，宾语herself与speak up之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语，且根据空前was可知，此处应用一般过去时，即that she found herself speaking up。故答案为①What surprised her，②that she found herself speaking up。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible 1 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 2 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 3 explosive (爆炸物). After years of 4 , in 1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite, which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 5 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 6 published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 7 to find out his public image. Then newspaper strongly 8 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 9 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” To Alfred, this obituary was a (n) 10 . He spent his lifetime alone inventing things and was deeply concerned with how he would be 11 . This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will so as to 12 his public image, and to be thanked for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 13 , saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 14 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread 15 , Dr. Alfred Nobel gave away94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 1. A．symbolizing B．honoring C．pursuing D．attaching 2. A．property B．plot C．substance D．theory 3. A．deadly B．bitter C．usable D．mild 4. A．extracts B．efforts C．hesitation D．formula 5. A．figured out B．run out C．took up D．built up 6. A．mistakenly B．absolutely C．keenly D．gradually 7. A．apparent B．relieved C．hesitant D．disappointed 8. A．praised B．blamed C．evaluated D．concerned 9. A．odd B．gentle C．wealthy D．neat 10. A．error B．warning C．threat D．consequence 11. A．mourned B．inferred C．sought D．remembered 12. A．improve B．analyse C．insist D．spot 13. A．bet B．option C．will D．fortune 14. A．commitments B．decisions C．profits D．contributions 15. A．sadness B．puzzlement C．happiness D．astonishment 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. symbolizing象征；B. honouring尊敬、表彰；C. pursuing追求；D. attaching附上。根据最后一段“In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ___13___, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用于表彰这些杰出的人们。故选B。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则物质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. property财产；所有物；B. plot情节；C. substance物质；本质；D. theory理论。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，诺贝尔硝酸甘油这种物质感兴趣。故选C。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文的“in 1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite, which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. extracts摘录，提取；B. efforts努力；C. hesitation犹豫；D. formula配方。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___3___ explosive (爆炸物).”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。 5. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. figured out算出；想出；B. run out用完；耗尽；C. took up从事；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth from his 355 inventions”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。 6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. absolutely完全地；绝对地；C. keenly敏锐地；热心地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. apparent明显的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. hesitant犹豫的；D. disappointed失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper strongly ___8___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___9___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说：“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. evaluated 评价；评估；D. concerned关心；（使）担心。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说：“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。” A. odd古怪的；B. gentle温和的；轻柔的；C. wealthy富有的；D. neat整洁的。根据上文“He ___5___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警示。A. error错误；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. consequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone inventing things and was deeply concerned with how he would be ___11___.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警示，说明他的公众形象并不好。故选B。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. mourned哀悼；B. inferred推断；C. sought寻找；D. remembered记得。根据空前“He spent his lifetime alone inventing things and was deeply concerned with”可知，诺贝尔非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。故选D。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. improve提升；B. analyse分析；C. insist坚持；D. spot发现。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alone inventing things and was deeply concerned with how he would be ___11___.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. bet赌注；B. option选择权；C. will遗嘱；D. fortune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. commitments承诺；B. decisions决定；C. profits利润；D. contributions贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___1___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. sadness悲伤；B. puzzlement迷惑；C. happiness幸福；D. astonishment惊讶。根据空后“Dr. Alfred Nobel gave away94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了自己大多数财产，让众人感到很惊讶。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·重庆·期中）In 17th-century Europe, it was unheard of for a woman to travel by herself, but that didn’t stop Maria Sibylla Merian. In 1699, she and her daughter Dorothea 1 from Amsterdam to Surinam in South America. The three-month voyage was 2 but she was determined to go. She wanted to be the first person to go to a foreign country to study and paint insects 3 from nature. When they arrived in Surinam, Maria and Dorothea 4 working. Day after day, they took their painting 5 into the hot rainforest to collect and draw insects and plants. Artists had never done such a thing before. Still life painters drew from dead specimens (标本). But Maria had always been interested in painting 6 animals and plants. In the rainforest, she 7 ladders (梯子) to study and collect insects. She had trees cut down so she could see what 8 at the top level of the forest more than a hundred feet overhead. Maria combined both 9 and science in her work. As a skilled 10 , she kept detailed notes. After two years, she had to 11 Surinam. The 12 was unbearable and she was ill with malaria. But she had more than enough material for a/an 13 . In June 1701, Maria and Dorothea went back to Amsterdam. Four years later, in 1705, Maria 14 the book for which she is best known, Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam. The paintings of insects and plants in their natural habitats 15 the scientific study of insects. 1. A．sailed B．flew C．drove D．walked 2. A．pleasant B．dangerous C．remarkable D．short 3. A．directly B．quickly C．gradually D．slightly 4. A．stopped B．started C．loved D．tried 5. A．prizes B．works C．materials D．paints 6. A．sick B．ancient C．living D．rare 7. A．invented B．extracted C．jumped D．climbed 8. A．wandered B．stretched C．floated D．lived 9. A．art B．music C．literature D．technology 10. A．observer B．student C．novelist D．journalist 11. A．leave B．bless C．defeat D．keep 12. A．insect B．smell C．heat D．food 13. A．essay B．journal C．painting D．book 14. A．published B．assessed C．banned D．adjusted 15. A．ceased B．advanced C．revealed D．opposed 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. A 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章详细叙述了17世纪女性科学家和艺术家Maria Sibylla Merian的生平事迹，特别是她前往苏里南进行昆虫和植物研究并出版相关书籍的经历。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1699年，她和女儿Dorothea从阿姆斯特丹起航，前往南美洲的苏里南。A. sailed航行；B. flew飞行；C. drove驾驶；D. walked走路。根据下文“The three-month voyage was  ___2___  but she was determined to go.”中的“voyage”可知，她和女儿从阿姆斯特丹起航。故选A。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然三个月的航行危险重重，但她却下定决心要去。A. pleasant愉快的；B. dangerous危险的；C. remarkable非凡的；D. short短的。根据上文“In 17th-century Europe, it was unheard of for a woman to travel by herself, but that didn’t stop Maria Sibylla Merian.”以及常理可知，这三个月的航行非常危险。故选B。 3. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她希望成为第一个前往外国直接从大自然中研究和绘制昆虫的人。A. directly直接；B. quickly迅速；C. gradually逐渐；D. slightly稍微。根据下文“Day after day, they took their painting  ___5___  into the hot rainforest to collect and draw insects and plants.”可知，她希望直接从大自然研究和绘制昆虫。故选A。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她们抵达苏里南时，Maria和Dorothea便开始投入工作。A. stopped停止；B. started开始；C. loved爱；D. tried尝试，尽力。根据下文“Day after day, they took their painting ___5___ into the hot rainforest to collect and draw insects and plants.”可知，她们一到达就开始投入工作。故选B。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：日复一日，她们带着绘画材料进入炎热的热带雨林，收集和绘制昆虫与植物。A. prizes奖品；B. works作品；C. materials材料；D. paints油漆，颜料。根据空后的“draw insects and plants”可推测，她们是带着绘画材料进入雨林开始绘制昆虫和植物。故选C。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但Maria一直对绘制活的动植物感兴趣。A. sick生病的；B. ancient古代的；C. living活着的；D. rare罕见的，稀有的。根据上文“Still life painters drew from dead specimens (标本)”可知，当时其他的静物画家都是根据死亡的标本进行绘制；根据本句句首的“but”可推测，Maria想要画活的动植物。故选C。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在热带雨林中，她爬上梯子研究和收集昆虫。A. invented发明；B. extracted提取；C. jumped跳跃；D. climbed攀爬。根据空后的“ladders”可推测，她是爬上梯子研究昆虫。故选D。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她让人砍倒树木，以便能看到一百多英尺高的森林顶层生活着什么。A. wandered徘徊；B. stretched伸展；C. floated漂浮；D. lived居住，生活。根据上文“She had trees cut down”以及她进入雨林是为了研究昆虫可知，她让人砍倒树是为了看看树顶有什么生物生活着。故选D。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Maria将艺术与科学相结合，融入她的工作之中。A. art艺术；B. music音乐；C. literature文学；D. technology技术。根据上文“Day after day, they took their painting  ___5___  into the hot rainforest to collect and draw insects and plants”可知，Maria研究昆虫和植物并画下来。由此可知，Maria将艺术和科学相结合。故选A。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名敏锐的观察者，她详细记录了所见所闻。A. observer观察者；B. student学生；C. novelist小说家；D. journalist记者。根据下文“she kept detailed notes”可知，她是个很好的观察者，所以能详细记录了自己的所见所闻。故选A。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：两年后，她不得不离开苏里南。A. leave离开；B. bless祝福；C. defeat击败；D. keep维持。根据下文“In June 1701, Maria and Dorothea went back to Amsterdam.”可知，她得离开苏里南。故选A。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那里的酷热难以忍受，她患上了疟疾。A. insect昆虫；B. smell气味；C. heat热；D. food食物。根据上文“they took their painting ___5___ into the hot rainforest”以及常理可知，苏里南温度很高，酷热难忍。故选C。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她已经积累了足够多的素材来撰写一本书。A. essay散文；B. journal日记，期刊；C. painting油画；D. book书。根据下文“Four years later, in 1705, Maria  ___14___  the book for which she is best known, Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam.”可知，她已经积累了足够多的素材来撰写一本书。故选D。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年后的1705年，Maria出版了她最为人所知的作品《苏里南昆虫变态图谱》。A. published出版；B. assessed评估；C. banned禁止；D. adjusted调整。根据空后“the book for which she is best known, Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam.”可知，她出版了一本书。故选A。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：书中描绘了昆虫和植物在其自然栖息地中的画面，推动了昆虫的科学研究。A. ceased停止；B. advanced前进，推动；C. revealed揭露；D. opposed反对。根据常理可知，书中描绘了昆虫和植物在其自然栖息地中的画面，这会推动了昆虫的科学研究。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·广东清远·期中）William Thomson was born on 26 June, 1824 in Belfast. He was taught by his father, a professor of mathematics. In 1832, the family moved to Glasgow where Thomson attended university at the age of 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow, a post he 1 for more than 50 years. In Glasgow, Thomson 2 the first physics laboratory in Britain. He was a pioneer in many different 3 , particularly electromagnetism (电磁学) and thermodynamics (热力学). 4 Faraday (法拉第), he was responsible for the introduction of the 5 of an electromagnetic field where Thomson developed the work of the 6 of the subject, Nicolas Carnot and James Joule. One of the most 7 results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named 8 him. Throughout his work Thomson’s main goal was the practical use of science. He achieved 9 through his work on submarine telegraphy, a major practical problem of the day. He was 10 as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857 — 1858 and 1865 — 1866,for which he was knighted in 1866. His 11 in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and 12 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his house in Glasgow was the first to be 13 by electric light. Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the 14 of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that flowed near Glasgow University and he was president of the royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Scotland and was 15 in Westminster Abbey. 1. A．sought B．convinced C．admired D．held 2. A．took up B．broke up C．set up D．blew up 3. A．fields B．countries C．labs D．colleges 4. A．In spite of B．Except for C．Together with D．Regardless of 5. A．command B．condition C．contract D．concept 6. A．learners B．pioneers C．competitors D．enemies 7. A．important B．domestic C．fortunate D．positive 8. A．for B．with C．after D．on 9. A．aspect B．fame C．contribution D．enthusiasm 10. A．considered B．attracted C．employed D．accused 11. A．hobby B．desire C．success D．interest 12. A．operate B．invent C．control D．produce 13. A．lit B．built C．decorated D．equipped 14. A．title B．name C．honor D．award 15. A．preserved B．respected C．admitted D．buried 【答案】 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了开尔文勋爵——威廉·汤姆森的生平及其在科学领域的贡献，包括他在电磁学、热力学等方面的开创性工作，以及他在实际应用科学中的成就。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1846年，他成为格拉斯哥大学的自然哲学教授，这个职位他担任了50多年。A. sought寻求；B. convinced说服；C. admired钦佩；D. held担任。根据前文“In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow”和后文“for more than 50 years”可知，汤姆森担任教授职位长达50多年。故选D项。 2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在格拉斯哥，汤姆森建立了英国第一个物理实验室。A. took up开始从事；B. broke up分手；C. set up建立；D. blew up爆炸。根据后文“the first physics laboratory in Britain”可知，此处指汤姆森是“建立”了英国首个物理实验室。故选C项。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是许多不同领域的先驱，特别是电磁学和热力学。A. fields领域；B. countries国家；C. labs实验室；D. colleges学院。根据后文“particularly electromagnetism and thermodynamics”可知，电磁学和热力学属于科学的不同领域。故选A项。 4. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：他与法拉第共同促成了电磁场概念的引入，在此过程中，汤姆森拓展了该领域先驱尼古拉・卡诺和詹姆斯・焦耳的研究成果。A. In spite of尽管；B. Except for除了；C. Together with与……一起；D. Regardless of不管。根据后文“he was responsible for the introduction of the concept of an electromagnetic field”可知，汤姆森和法拉第共同推动了电磁场概念的引入，强调合作。故选C项。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他与法拉第共同促成了电磁场概念的引入，在此过程中，汤姆森拓展了该领域先驱尼古拉・卡诺和詹姆斯・焦耳的研究成果。A. command命令；B. condition条件；C. contract合同；D. concept概念。根据后文“of an electromagnetic field”可知，电磁场是一个科学概念。故选D项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他与法拉第共同促成了电磁场概念的引入，在此过程中，汤姆森拓展了该领域先驱尼古拉・卡诺和詹姆斯・焦耳的研究成果。A. learners学习者；B. pioneers先驱；C. competitors竞争者；D. enemies敌人。根据后文“Nicolas Carnot and James Joule”可知，这些都是电磁学领域的先驱人物。故选B项。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的研究工作最重要的成果之一是提出了绝对零度的概念 —— 基于此概念制定的温标以他的名字命名。A. important重要的；B. domestic国内的；C. fortunate幸运的；D. positive积极的。根据后文“his idea of an absolute zero of temperature”可知，绝对零度的提出是科学史上“重要的”成果。故选A项。 8. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：他的研究工作最重要的成果之一是提出了绝对零度的概念 —— 基于此概念制定的温标以他的名字命名。A. for为了；B. with和；C. after以……命名；D. on在……上。根据“One of the most 　　7　　 results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named 　　8　　 him.”可知，温度单位是以汤姆森的名字命名的，固定搭配“named after”，表示“以……命名”。故选C项。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他因在海底电报领域的研究工作而成名，这在当时是一个重大的实际问题。A. aspect方面；B. fame名声；C. contribution贡献；D. enthusiasm热情。根据后文“He was 　　10　　 as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866,for which he was knighted in 1866.”可知，汤姆森因贡献被封爵，说明他获得了名声。故选B项。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1857-1858年和1865-1866年铺设大西洋电报电缆时，他被聘为科学顾问。A. considered考虑；B. attracted吸引；C. employed雇佣、聘请；D. accused指控。根据后文“as a scientific adviser”可知，汤姆森被聘为科学顾问。故选C项。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对海洋问题的兴趣还促使他研制出一种航海罗盘，并发明了潮汐机和深度测量设备。A. hobby爱好；B. desire欲望；C. success成功；D. interest兴趣。根据后文“also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and 　　12　　 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment.”可知，汤姆森对海洋问题的“兴趣”促使他发明航海设备。故选D项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对海洋问题的兴趣还促使他研制出一种航海罗盘，并发明了潮汐机和深度测量设备。A. operate操作；B. invent发明；C. control控制；D. produce生产。根据前文“develop a mariners’ compass”和后文“a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment”可知，这些都是他发明的设备。故选B项。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他发明了许多电子仪器，他在格拉斯哥的房子是第一所用电力照明的房子。A. lit照亮；B. built建造；C. decorated装饰；D. equipped装备。根据后文“by electric light”可知，房子被电灯照亮。故选A项。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1892年，汤姆森被授予拉尔格斯开尔文男爵的头衔。A. title头衔；B. name名字；C. honor荣誉；D. award奖励。根据后文“Baron Kelvin of Largs”可知，这是授予的贵族头衔。故选A项。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他于1907年12月17日在苏格兰艾尔郡去世，被安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂。A. preserved保存；B. respected尊重；C. admitted承认；D. buried埋葬。根据后文“in Westminster Abbey”可知，汤姆森去世后被“安葬”在威斯敏斯特教堂，故选D项。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·广东清远·期中）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers 1 (welcome) them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, 2 some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes do harm to both the land and people’s health. In most 3 (country), some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited because of the damage 4 (cause) to people and the environment. 5 (solve) the problem, some farmers have switched to organic farming. They use natural waste from animals as fertiliser instead 6 artificial fertilizers. By doing so, they make the soil in their fields 7 (rich) in minerals than before. Many other methods are also used to produce rich soil. Farmers often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. In this way, some important minerals 8 (put) back into the ground. Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture 9 ( complete), but organic farming can’t serve 10 high demand for food around the world.  So scientists have to find a suitable solution to the problem. 【答案】 1. welcomed 2. what 3. countries 4. caused. 5. To solve 6. of 7. richer 8. are put 9. completely 10. the 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了化学农药和人工化肥在农业中的使用情况、危害，以及一些农民转向有机农业的做法和面临的问题。 1. 考查动词时态。句意：当它们刚被引入时，许多农民欢迎它们，认为这是对抗作物疾病和增加产量的好方法。根据时间状语“When they were first introduced”可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时welcomed，意为“欢迎”。故填welcomed。 2. 考查主语从句。句意：然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会对土地和人们的健康造成危害。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指“一些科学家发现的事情”，用连接代词what。故填what。 3. 考查名词复数。句意：在大多数国家，一些农药如滴滴涕已被禁止，因为它们对人和环境造成了损害。country为可数名词，根据most可知，用复数形式countries。故填countries。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处为非谓语动词作定语，damage与cause为被动关系，且动作已经发生，用过去分词caused。故填caused。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了解决这个问题，一些农民转向了有机农业。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，此处表示目的，所以用动词不定式to solve作目的状语，意为“为了解决”，句首单词首字母大写。故填To solve。 6. 考查介词。句意：他们用动物的天然粪便作为肥料，而不是人工肥料。此处为固定搭配instead of，意为“而不是”，用介词of。故填of。 7. 考查形容词比较级。句意：通过这样做，他们使田里的土壤比以前矿物质更丰富。根据than可知，用形容词比较级richer，意为“更丰富的”。故填richer。 8. 考查动词语态。句意：通过这种方式，一些重要的矿物质被放回地里。此处为谓语动词，minerals与put为被动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为are put。故填are put。 9. 考查副词。句意：有些人更愿意完全停止在农业中使用人造化学物质，但有机农业无法满足世界各地对粮食的高需求。此处修饰动词stop，用complete的副词completely，意为“完全地”。故填completely。 10. 考查冠词。句意：同上。结合句意，此处特指“对粮食的高需求”，用定冠词the。故填the。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·广东惠州·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A picture of 17-year-old Zhang Guimei has got popular on China’s social media. The young girl with black-rimmed glasses and two short braids (辫子), who is now the much respected 1 (found) and president of the Huaping High School for Girls in Lijiang, Southwest China’s Yunnan Province, was smiling brightly into the camera. Born in Northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province in 1957, Zhang 2 (come) to Yunnan at the age of 17. 3 many girls from poor areas had little chance of getting education worried her. So she has been 4 (consistent) helping these girls pursue education for over 40 years. Zhang helped establish the country’s first senior high school to offer free education to girls from poor families. Since its opening in 2008, it 5 (see) more than 1,800 students progress to universities and colleges. Net users are deeply touched by the fresh-looking young face in the picture, which is entirely different from Zhang’s currently 6 (age) and lined face, as it tells a story of a woman devoted to promoting education and 7 (fight) poverty in rural areas. In July 2020, the All-China Women’s Federation awarded Zhang a top honor for being 8 outstanding female role model in China. In 2021, Zhang was recognized 9 one of the role models and received a national honorary title from President Xi for 10 (she) contribution to the girls’ education. 【答案】 1. founder 2. came 3. That 4. consistently 5. has seen 6. aged 7. fighting 8. an 9. as 10. her 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了张桂梅致力于改善贫困地区女性教育的事迹。 1. 考查名词。句意：这位戴着黑框眼镜、梳着两条短辫子的小女孩，现在是中国西南部云南省丽江华坪女子中学的创始人和校长，她对着镜头笑得很开心。作表语，表示“创始人”用名词founder，根据句意用单数。故填founder。 2. 考查时态。句意：1957年，张出生于中国东北的黑龙江省，17岁时来到云南。根据上文in 1957可知用一般过去时。故填came。 3. 考查主语从句。句意：许多来自贫困地区的女孩几乎没有机会接受教育，这让她很担心。引导主语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，故用that，首字母大写。故填That。 4. 考查副词。句意：40多年来，她一直在帮助这些女孩接受教育。修饰动词help用副词consistently，故填consistently。 5. 考查时态。句意：自2008年开办以来，已有1800多名学生升入大学和学院。根据上文Since its opening in 2008可知为现在完成时，主语为it，助动词用has。故填has seen。 6. 考查形容词。句意：网友们被照片中年轻清新的脸庞深深打动，这与张女士现在苍老布满皱纹的脸庞完全不同，因为这张照片讲述了一个致力于促进教育和消除农村贫困的女性的故事。修饰名词face用形容词aged。故填aged。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：网友们被照片中年轻清新的脸庞深深打动，这与张女士现在苍老布满皱纹的脸庞完全不同，因为这张照片讲述了一个致力于促进教育和消除农村贫困的女性的故事。短语be devoted to doing sth.表示“致力于做某事”，动名词做介词to的宾语。故填fighting。 8. 考查冠词。句意：2020年7月，她被中华全国妇女联合会授予“中国优秀女性榜样”最高荣誉。此处model为泛指，且outstanding是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。 9. 考查介词。句意：2021年，张被认定为榜样之一，并因其对女童教育的贡献获得习主席授予的国家荣誉称号。短语be recognized as表示“被认为”。故填as。 10. 考查代词。句意：2021年，张被认定为榜样之一，并因其对女童教育的贡献获得习主席授予的国家荣誉称号。修饰名词contribution用形容词性物主代词her。故填her。 Passage 3 （23-24高二上·陕西西安·期中）阅读下面材料，在答题卡相应位置处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 David was a normal boy, but he had been born deaf. He was well known to everyone in the town, and they were all very fond 1 him. 2 (unfortunate), he always seemed to be treated differently from everyone else. David didn’t like this very much. But the person   3   disliked this most was his friend Michael. Michael decided that things had to change. So he managed to persuade other people in town 4 (choose) one day as the festival for deaf people this year. During that whole day, everyone in town would have to wear earplugs (耳塞). The day 5 (call) “The Day of Silence”. When it arrived, everyone stuck plugs in their ears. As the hours passed, people began to realize 6 difficult life was for the deaf. Soon no one thought of David as a deaf person. 7 (use) his usual gestures, David was the one who could communicate best with everyone. They were 8 (surprise) at his ability to find solutions to almost any problem. They realized 9 David needed was a little more time than others to communicate. That was the only difference. It was on this day that everyone realized they have to give people 10 opportunity to show how useful they are. 【答案】 1. of 2. Unfortunately 3. who/that 4. to choose 5. was called 6. how 7. Using 8. surprised 9. what 10. an 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是一个天生耳聋的男孩David，尽管他因耳聋在镇上常被区别对待，但他的朋友Michael采取行动改变了这种情况。 1. 考查介词。句意：镇上的人都知道他，他们都很喜欢他。be fond of是固定短语，意为“喜欢”，因此空格处是介词of，故填of。 2. 考查副词。句意：不幸的是，他似乎总是被区别对待。空格处用副词unfortunately修饰整个句子，unfortunately意为“不幸的是”，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Unfortunately。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：但最不喜欢这一点的人是他的朋友迈克尔。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词person是人，因此空格处用关系代词who/that，故填who/that。 4. 考查不定式。句意：因此，他设法说服镇上的其他人今年选择一天作为聋哑人的节日。persuade sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“说服某人做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to choose作宾语补足语，故填to choose。 5. 考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：这一天被称为“沉默日”。这一天被称为“沉默日”，句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语day是单数，be动词用was，故填was called。 6. 考查程度副词。句意：随着时间的流逝，人们开始意识到聋人的生活是多么艰难。根据语境可知，句子表示“随着时间的流逝，人们开始意识到聋人的生活是多么艰难”，修饰形容词difficult，空格处用how表示“多么”引出感叹句，故填how。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：用他平常的手势，大卫是最能和大家沟通的人。句中谓语是was，空格处用非谓语动词，David和use之间是主动关系，因此空格处用现在分词作状语，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Using。 8. 考查形容词。句意：他们对他几乎能为任何问题找到解决办法的能力感到惊讶。空格处用形容词作表语，修饰主语they用ed结尾的形容词surprised，意为“感到惊讶的”，故填surprised。 9. 考查主语从句。句意：他们意识到大卫需要的是比其他人多一点时间来交流。“______David needed”在realized之后的宾语从句的中作主语，空格处引导主语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，指“事物”。故填what。 10. 考查冠词。句意：正是在这一天，每个人都意识到他们必须给人们一个机会来展示他们是多么有用。opportunity是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，opportunity是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an，故填an。 ( 乐思英语 ) 3 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ ( 单元核心语法·精练 ) 选必一 Unit 5 Working the land （主语从句） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、主语从句的构成及引导词 用法介绍 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，可直接位于句首，也可用 it 作形式主语（真正主语后置），常用引导词及用法如下： 引导词类型 功能作用 示例 that（无意义） 不充当成分，仅起连接作用 That he passed the exam surprised us.（他通过了考试，这让我们很惊讶。） whether/if（是否） 表疑问，if 不可用于句首 Whether she will come is uncertain.（她是否会来还不确定。） 连接代词（what, who 等） 在从句中作主语、宾语等 What he said makes sense.（他说的话有道理。）（what 在从句中作宾语） 连接副词（when, how 等） 在从句中作状语 When they will start is unknown.（他们何时出发还不知道。）（when 在从句中作时间状语） 注意事项 1. that 的省略规则：位于句首时 that 不可省略（错误：He passed the exam surprised us. 正确：That he passed the exam surprised us.）；it 作形式主语时 that 可省略（如 It’s clear (that) he is right.）。 2. if 与 whether 的区别：引导主语从句时只能用 whether，不可用 if（错误：If he will come is a mystery. 正确：Whether he will come is a mystery.）。 3. 语序问题：主语从句需用陈述语序（错误：What is he doing is a secret. 正确：What he is doing is a secret.）。 二、主语从句的位置及句式 用法介绍 主语从句的位置有两种：直接位于句首；用 it 作形式主语，将真正主语从句置于句末，使句子结构更平衡。 位置类型 句式结构 示例 句首位置 主语从句 + 谓语 + 其他 Who will host the party has not been decided yet.（谁来主持派对还没决定。） 句末位置（it 作形式主语） It + 谓语 + 其他 + 主语从句 It is important that we keep calm.（我们保持冷静很重要。） It + be + 形容词 + 主语从句 It’s strange that she didn’t come.（她没来，这很奇怪。） It + be + 名词短语 + 主语从句 It’s a pity that you missed the show.（你错过了演出，真遗憾。） 注意事项 1. 形式主语 it 的不可替代性：当主语从句较长时，必须用 it 作形式主语（错误：That we should help each other is necessary. 较啰嗦，正确：It is necessary that we should help each other.）。 2. 主谓一致：单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数（如 What he said is true.）；由 and 连接两个主语从句时，谓语用复数（如 What he said and what he did are different.）。 三、主语从句的特殊用法及辨析 用法介绍 主语从句在时态呼应、语气表达等方面有特殊规则，需结合语境准确使用。 特殊用法 说明 示例 时态不受主句限制 从句时态根据实际情况而定 He says that he will come.（他说他会来。）（主句一般现在时，从句一般将来时） 虚拟语气的使用 若表建议、命令等，从句用 “should + 动词原形”（should 可省略） It’s suggested that we (should) start early.（建议我们早点出发。） 与动名词作主语的区别 主语从句表具体事件，动名词表抽象动作 That he won the game excited us.（他赢了比赛，这让我们很兴奋。）（具体事件） Winning the game requires effort.（赢比赛需要努力。）（抽象动作） 注意事项 1. 虚拟语气的标志词：当主句谓语是 suggest, demand, require 等表 “建议、要求” 的词，或 it 后接 important, necessary 等形容词时，从句需用虚拟语气（错误：It’s necessary that he works hard. 正确：It’s necessary that he (should) work hard.）。 2. 与同位语从句的区分：主语从句作句子主语，同位语从句解释说明名词（如主语从句：What he said is a secret. 同位语从句：The news that he won is true.）。 一、单句语法填空题：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．（23-24高二上·吉林长春·期中）How did it come about a quiet person should appear so wild today? 2．（23-24高二上·山东济宁·期中） Yuan Longping had realized his dream of seawater rice surprised the whole world. 3．（23-24高二上·四川成都·期中） (who) breaks the law will be punished. 4．（24-25高二上·广东茂名·期中） we need to do now is to figure out a solution, will help us overcome the difficulties. 5．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中） concerns him most is that his son is addicted to online games. 6．（23-24高二上·广东茂名·期中） impressed me most was her sweet voice. 7．（23-24高二上·山东济宁·期中） we can make our dream come true depends on how hard we work. 8．（22-23高二上·山东济宁·期中） made him embarrassed was that one of his buttons was missing. 9．（23-24高二上·江苏盐城·期中）It has not been decided yet the upcoming English competition will be held. 10．（23-24高二上·广东揭阳·期中） the earth goes around the sun is a fact known to all. 11．（23-24高二上·福建·期末）A typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this: when a new couple is engaged, follows is a choice of the date of their marriage. 12．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中） impressed me most were the thousands of volunteers who cheerfully helped visitors to find their way around. 13．（24-25高二上·北京·期中） you really lack is self-confidence. 14．（24-25高二上·广东东莞·期中） we are supposed to do is to spare no effort to preserve our cultural heritages. 15．（24-25高二上·河北衡水·期中） worries many people most is that these chemicals may even cause cancer. 二、完成句子 1. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期中）有机食品是否真正对人们更好依然不清楚。 is really better for people remain unknown. (主语从句) 2. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期中）世界粮食计划署致力于实现的东西是缓解饥饿、保障食品安全和营养。 the World Food Programme aims to achieve is to relieve and support food security and . (主语从句) 3. （24-25高二上·广东广州·期中）这部电影给我印象最深的是它令人惊讶的结局。 me most about the film was its ending. 4. （22-23高二上·广东广州·期中）她说的是什么还不知道。 is not yet known. 5. （22-23高二上·吉林长春·期中）使他脱颖而出的是他精通几门语言。(主语从句) is his mastery of several languages. 6. （22-23高二上·福建福州·期中）袁隆平给人们印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。 impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to his dreams. 7. （22-23高二上·福建福州·期中）人们希望萨勒克国家公园一直保持它自然美丽的样子。 that Sarek National Park will always natural and beautiful. 8. （22-23高二上·河北唐山·期中）袁隆平真正在乎的不是金钱和名望。 Yuan Longping really cared about was not money or celebrity. 9. （23-24高二上·吉林长春·期中）在中国，当你参加宴会时，注意餐桌礼仪是至关重要的。 you mind your table manners in China when you attend a dinner party. 10. （23-24高二上·广东广州·期中）在电影中，最令我们感动的是，他将自己的一生都奉献给了教育留守儿童。(主语从句) in the film was that he the left-behind children. 11. （23-24高二上·广东广州·期中）任何对骑行感兴趣的人都有资格参加比赛，在比赛中他们可以实现自己的梦想。 cycling is qualified to participate in the race, 12. （23-24高二上·广东广州·期中）无论你选哪一门课程都由你来决定。 you will take is up to you. 13. （23-24高二上·广东广州·期中）给我印象最深的是，每当我遇到困难时，我的老师都会鼓励我克服障碍。 is that my teacher will always encourage me whenever I come across difficulties. 14. （24-25高二上·江苏泰州·期中）最令我感到激动的是，如今的年轻人都是数字公民，他们具备良好的条件成为技术一代的一员。 is that young people today are digital citizens, to become part of a technological generation. 15. （24-25高二上·广东广州·期中）令她惊喜的是，仅仅几周时间，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。(名词性从句；宾语补足语) was in class after just a few weeks. 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible 1 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 2 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 3 explosive (爆炸物). After years of 4 , in 1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite, which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 5 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 6 published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 7 to find out his public image. Then newspaper strongly 8 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 9 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” To Alfred, this obituary was a (n) 10 . He spent his lifetime alone inventing things and was deeply concerned with how he would be 11 . This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will so as to 12 his public image, and to be thanked for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 13 , saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 14 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread 15 , Dr. Alfred Nobel gave away94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 1. A．symbolizing B．honoring C．pursuing D．attaching 2. A．property B．plot C．substance D．theory 3. A．deadly B．bitter C．usable D．mild 4. A．extracts B．efforts C．hesitation D．formula 5. A．figured out B．run out C．took up D．built up 6. A．mistakenly B．absolutely C．keenly D．gradually 7. A．apparent B．relieved C．hesitant D．disappointed 8. A．praised B．blamed C．evaluated D．concerned 9. A．odd B．gentle C．wealthy D．neat 10. A．error B．warning C．threat D．consequence 11. A．mourned B．inferred C．sought D．remembered 12. A．improve B．analyse C．insist D．spot 13. A．bet B．option C．will D．fortune 14. A．commitments B．decisions C．profits D．contributions 15. A．sadness B．puzzlement C．happiness D．astonishment Passage 2 （24-25高二上·重庆·期中）In 17th-century Europe, it was unheard of for a woman to travel by herself, but that didn’t stop Maria Sibylla Merian. In 1699, she and her daughter Dorothea 1 from Amsterdam to Surinam in South America. The three-month voyage was 2 but she was determined to go. She wanted to be the first person to go to a foreign country to study and paint insects 3 from nature. When they arrived in Surinam, Maria and Dorothea 4 working. Day after day, they took their painting 5 into the hot rainforest to collect and draw insects and plants. Artists had never done such a thing before. Still life painters drew from dead specimens (标本). But Maria had always been interested in painting 6 animals and plants. In the rainforest, she 7 ladders (梯子) to study and collect insects. She had trees cut down so she could see what 8 at the top level of the forest more than a hundred feet overhead. Maria combined both 9 and science in her work. As a skilled 10 , she kept detailed notes. After two years, she had to 11 Surinam. The 12 was unbearable and she was ill with malaria. But she had more than enough material for a/an 13 . In June 1701, Maria and Dorothea went back to Amsterdam. Four years later, in 1705, Maria 14 the book for which she is best known, Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam. The paintings of insects and plants in their natural habitats 15 the scientific study of insects. 1. A．sailed B．flew C．drove D．walked 2. A．pleasant B．dangerous C．remarkable D．short 3. A．directly B．quickly C．gradually D．slightly 4. A．stopped B．started C．loved D．tried 5. A．prizes B．works C．materials D．paints 6. A．sick B．ancient C．living D．rare 7. A．invented B．extracted C．jumped D．climbed 8. A．wandered B．stretched C．floated D．lived 9. A．art B．music C．literature D．technology 10. A．observer B．student C．novelist D．journalist 11. A．leave B．bless C．defeat D．keep 12. A．insect B．smell C．heat D．food 13. A．essay B．journal C．painting D．book 14. A．published B．assessed C．banned D．adjusted 15. A．ceased B．advanced C．revealed D．opposed Passage 3 （24-25高二上·广东清远·期中）William Thomson was born on 26 June, 1824 in Belfast. He was taught by his father, a professor of mathematics. In 1832, the family moved to Glasgow where Thomson attended university at the age of 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow, a post he 1 for more than 50 years. In Glasgow, Thomson 2 the first physics laboratory in Britain. He was a pioneer in many different 3 , particularly electromagnetism (电磁学) and thermodynamics (热力学). 4 Faraday (法拉第), he was responsible for the introduction of the 5 of an electromagnetic field where Thomson developed the work of the 6 of the subject, Nicolas Carnot and James Joule. One of the most 7 results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named 8 him. Throughout his work Thomson’s main goal was the practical use of science. He achieved 9 through his work on submarine telegraphy, a major practical problem of the day. He was 10 as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857 — 1858 and 1865 — 1866,for which he was knighted in 1866. His 11 in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and 12 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his house in Glasgow was the first to be 13 by electric light. Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the 14 of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that flowed near Glasgow University and he was president of the royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Scotland and was 15 in Westminster Abbey. 1. A．sought B．convinced C．admired D．held 2. A．took up B．broke up C．set up D．blew up 3. A．fields B．countries C．labs D．colleges 4. A．In spite of B．Except for C．Together with D．Regardless of 5. A．command B．condition C．contract D．concept 6. A．learners B．pioneers C．competitors D．enemies 7. A．important B．domestic C．fortunate D．positive 8. A．for B．with C．after D．on 9. A．aspect B．fame C．contribution D．enthusiasm 10. A．considered B．attracted C．employed D．accused 11. A．hobby B．desire C．success D．interest 12. A．operate B．invent C．control D．produce 13. A．lit B．built C．decorated D．equipped 14. A．title B．name C．honor D．award 15. A．preserved B．respected C．admitted D．buried 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·广东清远·期中）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers 1 (welcome) them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, 2 some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes do harm to both the land and people’s health. In most 3 (country), some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited because of the damage 4 (cause) to people and the environment. 5 (solve) the problem, some farmers have switched to organic farming. They use natural waste from animals as fertiliser instead 6 artificial fertilizers. By doing so, they make the soil in their fields 7 (rich) in minerals than before. Many other methods are also used to produce rich soil. Farmers often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. In this way, some important minerals 8 (put) back into the ground. Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture 9 ( complete), but organic farming can’t serve 10 high demand for food around the world.  So scientists have to find a suitable solution to the problem. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·广东惠州·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A picture of 17-year-old Zhang Guimei has got popular on China’s social media. The young girl with black-rimmed glasses and two short braids (辫子), who is now the much respected 1 (found) and president of the Huaping High School for Girls in Lijiang, Southwest China’s Yunnan Province, was smiling brightly into the camera. Born in Northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province in 1957, Zhang 2 (come) to Yunnan at the age of 17. 3 many girls from poor areas had little chance of getting education worried her. So she has been 4 (consistent) helping these girls pursue education for over 40 years. Zhang helped establish the country’s first senior high school to offer free education to girls from poor families. Since its opening in 2008, it 5 (see) more than 1,800 students progress to universities and colleges. Net users are deeply touched by the fresh-looking young face in the picture, which is entirely different from Zhang’s currently 6 (age) and lined face, as it tells a story of a woman devoted to promoting education and 7 (fight) poverty in rural areas. In July 2020, the All-China Women’s Federation awarded Zhang a top honor for being 8 outstanding female role model in China. In 2021, Zhang was recognized 9 one of the role models and received a national honorary title from President Xi for 10 (she) contribution to the girls’ education. Passage 3 （23-24高二上·陕西西安·期中）阅读下面材料，在答题卡相应位置处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 David was a normal boy, but he had been born deaf. He was well known to everyone in the town, and they were all very fond 1 him. 2 (unfortunate), he always seemed to be treated differently from everyone else. David didn’t like this very much. But the person   3   disliked this most was his friend Michael. Michael decided that things had to change. So he managed to persuade other people in town 4 (choose) one day as the festival for deaf people this year. During that whole day, everyone in town would have to wear earplugs (耳塞). The day 5 (call) “The Day of Silence”. When it arrived, everyone stuck plugs in their ears. As the hours passed, people began to realize 6 difficult life was for the deaf. Soon no one thought of David as a deaf person. 7 (use) his usual gestures, David was the one who could communicate best with everyone. They were 8 (surprise) at his ability to find solutions to almost any problem. They realized 9 David needed was a little more time than others to communicate. That was the only difference. It was on this day that everyone realized they have to give people 10 opportunity to show how useful they are. ( 乐思英语 ) 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$