Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Using Language&Assessing Your Progress-【重难点手册】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版）

用重难点手册高中英语选择性必修第一册R」 SectionⅢ Using Language Assessing Your Progress 教材原文解读 英汉互译·长难句分析 词汇·语法注释 Evaluate chemical farming and organic farming ①organic':'gaenik/adj.有机 评价化学耕作和有机耕作 的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 CHEMICAL VERSUS ORGANIC FARMING 化学耕作和有机耕作 Chemical pesticides?and artificial fertilisers have been in ②pesticide'pestisaid/n.杀虫 20世纪中叶以来，化学农药和人工化肥在农业中得到了广泛的 剂；除害药物 widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. ③artificial adj.人工的；人造的 应用。 ④widespread;'waidspred.'adj.分 When they were first introduced,many farmers welcomed them 布广的；普遍的；广泛的 它们刚被引进时， 许多农民欢迎它们，认为这是防治 ⑤be in use在应用中 as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. ⑥a way to do sth.做某事的方法 作物病害和提高产量的一个好方法。 Over time,however,what some scientists have found is that ⑦over time随着时间的推移 然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现长期使用它们有时会危害土 their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and ⑧harm vt..伤害 地和人类健康。 people's health. For example,pesticides can damage the land by killing not 例如， 农药不仅能杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还能杀死有 only harmful bacteria and insects,but also helpful ones.In ⑨bacterium/bek'tiariam/n.细 益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。 此 菌(pl.bacteria) addition,these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground ⑩in addition此外(=additionally 外， 这些化学物质可以在土壤和地下水源中长期存在。 =besides=what's more) water sources for a long time.This affects the crops grown on 这影响到生长在土地上的作物，进 the land and,in turn,the animals and humans who digest ①in turn相应地；转而；依次： 而影响到消化吸收它们的动物和人类。 轮流 them.2 Many people worry that these chemicals may make them in return作为回报 许多人担心这些化学物质会使他们生病甚至引发癌症。 ②digest/dar'd3 est/vr.&.vi.消 化t.领会；领悟 what some scientists have lound is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health whal引导语从句 ha1引导表诰从句，hat!起连接作刀，九实脚时义，H通带不能省咯 2]This affects the crops grown on the land and,in turn,the animals and humans who digest them 过去分词知诉作咒定州，修饰(tops 头系代过who引宁定诉从句，修饰the animals and humans 42 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND ill and even cause cancer.In fact,some pesticides like DDT ③DDTn.滴滴涕(I旧时尤用作农 事实上，像“滴滴涕”这样的杀虫剂在大多 业杀虫剂) have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage ④prohibit vl.(尤指以法令)禁 数国家都被禁止使用， 因为它们对人类和环境 止；阻止 they cause to people and the environment.As for9 chemical prohibit sb.from doing sth. 造成破坏。 至于化肥， 禁止某人做某事 fertilisers,crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich 55 cause damage to sb./sth. 使用化肥种植的作物，通常生长得太快而营养不足。 对…造成损害 in nutrition.They may look beautiful on the outside,but ⑥as for至于；关于 它们可能外表看起来很漂亮， ⑦t00…t0…太…而不能… 但 ⑧be rich in富含… inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, 里面通常水分多于必需的矿物质， ©essential/i'senl,adj.完全必 要的；极其重要的 and they often have less flavour as well be essential to.for sth.对某物 而且往往口感也较差。 来说极其重要 As an alternative2,some farmers have switched to it is essential to do sth.做某事 作为另一种选择，一些农民转向有机种植， 是完全有必要的 organic farming,and many customers have turned to organic mineral'minaral/n.矿物；矿 并且许多顾客在当地食品店购物时也转向有机食品。 物质 food when they shop at the local grocery3.Organic farming is ②①as well也（作状语） 有机种植只不过是不 ②②alternative/:l't3natv/ simply farming without using any chemicals.Organic farmers n.可供选择的事物 使用任何化学物质的种植。 有机种植的农民注 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through have no alternative/choice but 重通过自然的方式保持土壤肥沃和免受病害。 to do sth.除了做某事之外别 natural means.For example,many organic farmers use natural 无选择 例如， 许多有机种植的农民使用动物的天 ②③switch to sth.转向… waste from animals as fertiliser.This makes the soil in their ②④turn to转向 然粪便作为肥料。 这使得他们田地里的土壤富含矿 ②⑤grocery'grousori.'n.食品杂货 fields richer in minerals.It also keeps the air,soil,water,and 店：[l.]食品杂货 物质。 它还能使空气、土壤、水和农作物不含化学 26 focus on把注意力集中于. crops free of chemicals. ②⑦keep…free of…使…摆 物质。 脱… Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce 有机种植的农民也使用许多其他方法来培养肥沃的土壤。 rich soil.They often change the kind of crop grown in each 他们经常每年改变每块地里的作物品种。 field every year.For instances,they may grow corn or wheat ②⑧for instance例如；比如 例如， 他们可能一年在一块地里种玉米 instance/'nstons,n.例子；实 in a field one year,and then grow beans there the next.Why 例：事例 或小麦， 下一年就在那里种豆类。 为什 different crops are grown is because they put important 么要种植不同的作物，是因为它们使重要的矿物质返回土壤里， minerals back into the ground,making it ready for the next 让它为下一批作物（的种植）做好 143 重难点手册高中英语选择性必修第一册RJ batch of crops.Organic farmers also plant diverse crops 准备。 有机种植的农民还种植对土壤深度要求不同的多 that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.For ②⑨depth dep0.!n.向下（或向里） 样化作物，以保持土壤肥沃。 例 的距离；深（度） example,peanuts grow on the ground's surface,but many at the depth of在…的深度 如， 花生长在土壤表层上， 但许多其他 in depth全面；深入；详细 other vegetables put down deep roots.The goal of using ⑩root/rut.n.根；根茎；根部； 蔬菜则扎根于土壤深处。 采用不同的有机耕作方 根源 different organic farming methods is to grow good food while have one's root in根植于 法的目的是种植优质食物， 同时 take root扎根 avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health. 避免对环境或人们的健康造成损害。 Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made ③①would prefer to do sth.宁愿做 有些人宁愿在农业中彻底停止使用人工化学产品。 某事 chemicals in agriculture entirely.What keeps them from doing ③②entirely in'tarsli adv.全部 阻止他们这样做的原因是， 地；完整地；完全地 so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for keep ..from doing sth. 化学种植满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。 阻止…做某事 food around the world.5 Organic farming is nowhere near able stop...(from)doing sth. 有机种植远不能满足那样的需求。 阻止…做某事 to meet that need.Therefore,there is still a long way to find a prevent...(from)doing sth. 因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案， 阻止…做某事 suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table ④nowhere near远非；远远不 使人们和环境尽可能保持健康，又让人们的餐桌摆 while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible. ⑤as.as possible尽可能… 上足够的食物，这还有很长的路要走。 Assessing Your Progress自我检测 1 Read and complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box.Then answer the questions. 阅读并用方框中单词和短语的正确形式完成这篇短文。然 后回答问题。 attain be comprised of depth diverse 获得由…组成 深度 不同的 essential for instance output soil 必不可少的 例如 产量 土壤 3]Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals... making it rcady for why引导.语从句 现在分问语 because号表语从句 作结见状语 4Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil 1o help keep it rich 不定式讶 作月的状许 关系代讨ha1宁定从，修饼divers:rops 5 What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for lfood around the world what引语从句 halI导h位沿从句，对he fact进行补充说明 44 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND Jia Sixie was a government official from Shandong Province ③6 conduct v.组织；实施；进行 贾思勰是6世纪山东省的一位政府官员， conduct a survey.investigation? who conducted a lot of agricultural research in the sixth review实施调查侦查，审查 他进行了大量的农业研究。 conduct an experiment.a test century.In his travels,he observed that some farmers had 在旅途中，他注意到有些农民的产量比其他人高得 做实验试验 much better output than others,so he decided to investigate conduct a campaign领导一场 多， 因此他决定研究获得好收成的 运动；开展一场活动 the best ways of attaining good harvests.After retiring, conduct an interview进行面试 最佳途径。 卸任后， (或采访) he wrote a book,Qi Min Yao Shu,which was comprised of ⑦sound adj.明智的；合理的 他写了一本书，叫《齐民要术》， 书中对从事农业生产的人 ⑧clear.from/off.从…清 sound advice and practices for people doing agricultural work. 提出了合理的建议和做法。 除掉… In one piece of advice,for instance,he told farmers to clear clear away扫除；消除 例如，在一条建议中， 他告诉农民在种植作物之前 clear out清除；扫出 weeds from the ground before planting crops.They could clear through通过（检查、批准） 要清除地面上的杂草。 他们要么让 clear up(天气)放晴；打扫； either let the animals eat the weeds or turn the soil over so 消除 动物吃掉杂草， 要么把土壤翻过来， 这 that the weeds were covered.Then he gave advice on ©either.or… 样杂草就被掩盖住了。 然后，他提出了犁地的建议， 要么…要么… ploughing,suggesting that the autumn ploughing should be at ⑩give advice on就…给出建议 建议秋耕要比春耕深。 ④①suggest doing sth.建议做某事 a greater depth than the spring ploughing.6 He also suggested suggest sth.(tosb.)(向某 他还建议每年改换 人)建议某事 changing crops to get better harvests every year.Finally,he 作物以获得更好的收成。 suggest that sb.(should)do 最后，他 suggested that farmers grow a diverse range of crops next to sth.建议某人做某事 建议农民在田地里种植各种各样的作物，彼此挨着种。 It's suggested that…有人建 each other in the fields.Although it has been centuries since Jia 议… 尽管贾思勰已经去世数百年了， 2 a range of一系列… Sixie died,Qi Min Yao Shu is still considered a(n)essential at a range of在…的射程/ 《齐民要术》仍然被认为是中国农业史上的一本重要 距离 book in China's agricultural history. UNIT 著作。 beyond/.out of range在…范 围外 1 Why did Jia Sixie investigate good ways of farming? in(within)range在射程内 为什么贾思勰要研究好的耕作方法？ fight at close range近距离 2 What makes Qi Min Yao Shu an important book in China's 战斗 agricultural history? range from sth.to sth. 是什么使《齐民要术》成为中国农业史上的一本重要著作？ 从…到…之间（变化） 6]Then he gave advice on ploughing.suggesting that the autumn ploughing should be at a greater depth than.. 现分词作状语，补充说明advice的具体内容，that从冂虚拟语气 145 翻重难点手册高中英语选择性必修第一册R, 语言要点精讲 要点1 alleviate vt.缓和；减轻；缓解 对点例析 教材语境>What is the FAO doing to alleviate world hunger? 单句语法填空 联合国粮食及农业组织在减轻世界饥饿方面做了什么工作？ 1-1 Nowadays,a great deal alleviate suffering减轻苦难 can be done (alleviate) 词块 back pain. alleviate world hunger缓解世界饥饿 例1-2.Their energies were The research suggests that education is not able to stop the damage focused on the (alleviate) but can help us better cope with and alleviate its impact. of the refugees'misery. 【答案与解析】 这项研究证实教育并不能阻断此类破坏，但能够帮助我们更好地 1-1 to alleviate句意：如今， 应付和减轻此类破坏的影响。 很多方法可以被用来减轻背部 链接近义词：ease vt.&.vi.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 疼痛。 1-2 alleviation句意：他们的 relieve vt..缓解；减轻；缓和 lighten vt..减轻；减少 精力集中在减轻难民的苦难上。 拓展 alleviation n.缓和；减轻；缓解 要点2 in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 单句语法填空 例2-1(2023·全国新高考Ⅱ 教材语境〉This affects the crops grown on the land and,in 卷七选五·改编)I post my art turn,the animals and humans who digest them,这影响到生长 works on social media and, 在土地上的作物，进而影响到消化吸收它们的动物和人类。 turn,have met some of The girls called out their names in turn. the kindest people who make me feel valued and respected. 这些女孩依次说出了自己的名字。 例2-2（经典·天津高考·改编） Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. We offer an excellent education to our students. 理论来源于实践，反过来又服务于实践。 return,we expect students to 拓展含有turn的其他常用表达： work hard. by turns轮流 【答案与解析】 2-1in句意：我把我的美术 take turns to do sth,(=do sth.by turns)轮流做某事 作品发到社交平台上，并因此结 it'sone's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 识了一些非常友善的人，他们让 The young parents had to take turns to look after their sick 我感到了被重视和尊重。 2-2In句意：我们给自己的 baby.这对年轻父母不得不轮流照顾他们生病的孩子。 学生提供高水平的教育。作为 I think it's our turn to drive the kids to school this week. 回报，我们希望学生能够努力 我想这周轮到我们开车送孩子们上学了。 学习。 146 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND 要点3 digest 单句语法填空 (1)ot.&.oi.消化 3-1 He paused,waiting for Your food will digest more quickly if you chew it well. her (digest)the information. 如果你把食物嚼碎一点，食物就会消化得更快。 3-2 Do you know that too She couldn't digest food properly. much tea is bad for your 她无法正常消化食物。 (digest)? (2)t.理解；领悟（尤指大量新信息或难以理解的信息） 例3-3(2023·全国新高考I The book is of great value.Nothing can be learned unless you 卷阅读B·改编)Within weeks, the sludge(污泥)had all been digest it. (digest),and all that 这本书很有价值。除非你看懂它，否则你什么都学不到。 was left was pure water. digestion n.消化；消化能力 【答案与解析】 拓展 digestive adj.和消化有关的；消化的 3-1 to digest句意：他停了一 会儿，等她慢慢领会这一信息。 He has long been troubled by digestive problems. 3-2 digestion 句意：你知道 他长期受消化问题的困扰。 喝太多茶对消化不好吗？ (3)n.摘要；概要 3-3 digested 句意：在几周之 The organisation publishes a monthly news digest regularly. 内，污泥被消化了，剩下的只有 该组织定期出版一份每月新闻摘要。 纯净的水。 要点4 alternative 完成句子 例4-1(2023·1月浙江高考 (1)n.可供选择的事物 七选五·改编) 教材语境>As an alternative,some farmers have switched to (与其他替代选择相比)， organic farming,and many customers have turned to organic train travel is comfortable, food when they shop at the local grocery. relaxing and pleasant. 例4-2(2024·全国新高考I卷 作为另一种选择，一些农民转向有机种植，并且许多顾客在当地 UNIT 阅读B·改编)As a conventional 食品店购物时也转向有机食品。 veterinarian(兽医)，Farber As an alternative,consider checking into a self-catering flat with its own kitchen. (对替代疗法产生 了兴趣)20 years ago when he 作为可供选择的方案，（你们）可以考虑入住能自己做饭的带厨房 suffered from terrible back pain. 的公寓。 例43（经典·天津高考单项 have no alternative/choice but to do sth.除了做某事别 填空·改编)It's a good idea 搭配 无选择 (选择 an alternative to…的替代品 个替代的目的地)in case your 147 用重难点手册高中英语选择性必修第一册RJ (2)adj.可供替代的；非传统的 first-choice tourist spot is not I went on an alternative trip and had my life totally transformed available. by that experience. 【答案与解析】 41 Compared to other alternatives 我进行了一次非传统的旅行，那次经历完全改变了我的生活。 4-2 became interested in alternative alternative ways/methods/approaches其他的方法 treatments 词块 alternative energy替代能源 4-3 to choose an alternative destination 句意：如果你首选的 alternative solutions别的解决办法 旅游景点没有了，那么选择一个 拓展 alternatively adv.或者（用于引出第二种选择或可能的 替代的目的地也是一个好主意。 建议) 单句语法填空 keep ..free of/from 例5-1（经典·北京高考阅读 要点5 使…免受（影响、伤害等）；使…不含（有害物）》 A·改编)Determined to be myself,move forward,free 教材语境)Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and shame and worldly free of disease through natural means. labels(世俗的标签)，I can now call myself a“marathon winner”. 有机种植的农民注重通过自然的方式保持土壤肥沃和免受病害。 例5-2 Keep the room free keep children free of sickness使孩子远离疾病 clutter(杂乱)to allow your mind to be serene(平静的). keep the wound free from the dirt避免伤口沾上污物 【答案与解析】 (be free from远离/摆脱清除 5-1 of.from句意：我决心要 做我自己，前进，远离耻辱和世 链接 protect defend preserve.from.保护…免受… 俗的标签，我现在可以称自己为 “马拉松冠军”。 rescue.from…从…中救出… 5-2 from/of 要点6 for instance例如；比如 单句语法填空 例6(2024·全国高考甲卷阅 教材语境>For instance,they may grow corn or wheat in a field 读B·改编)Animals can express their needs using a lot one year,and then grow beans there the next.例如，他们可能一 of ways. instance, 年在一块地里种玉米或小麦，下一年就在那里种豆类。 almost all animals have distinct vocals(声音)that they rely on What would you do,for instance,if you found a member of to either ask for help,scare away any dangerous animals or staff stealing? look for shelter. 比如说，如果你发现有员工偷东西，你会怎么办？ 【答案与解析】 6For句意：动物可以用很 拓展in this instance在这种情沉况下；在这一点上 多方式来表达他们的需求。例 如，几乎所有的动物都有独特 in the first instance第一；首先 的叫声，它们依靠这些声音来 寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或 链接 表示“例如；比如”的短语还有such as、for example等。 寻找庇护。 要点7keep…from doing sth..阻止…做某事 单句语法填空 教材语境〉>What keeps them from doing so is the fact that 例7-1(2024·浙江高考完形 填空·改编)But this time,the chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the 148 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND world.阻止他们这样做的原因是，化学种植满足了世界各地对粮 highly informed,self-educated, and admirable person prevented 食的巨大需求。 me (do)so. The trains near my house keep me from sleeping. 例7-2(2023·北京高考完形 填空·改编)When I told Ms 我房子附近的火车使我不能入睡。 Black that talking kept me 链接stop/prevent sb..(from)doing sth.阻止某人做某事（介词 and my neighbours (learn),she laughed. from可以省略) 【答案与解析】 7-1 doing句意：但是这次这 注意keep sb.from doing sth.中的from不能省略。 位见多识广、自学成才受人尊敬 Nobody can stop/prevent me (from)achieving my goal. 的人使我不能这么做。prevent sb.(from)doing sth.意为“阻 =Nobody can keep me from achieving my goal. 止某人做某事”。 没人能阻止我实现我的目标。 7-2 from learning 要点8 nowhere near远不及；远不能；离…很远 单句语法填空 例8-1（经典·安徽高考·改 教材语境>Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that It is lucky we booked a need.有机种植远不能满足那样的需求。 room,or we would have He should be let nowhere near the job. nowhere (stay)now. 不能让他有机会接近这个职位。 例8-2(2023·1月浙江高考 链接nowhere adu.无处；任何地方都不 读后续写·改编)It was a great n.无处；任何地方；无名之地 comfort that the original hole in the window was nowhere There was nowhere for me to sit.我无处可坐， (find). Houses had sprung up out of nowhere on the hills. 【答案与解析】 山丘上突然冒出一幢幢的房子。 8-1 to stay句意：很幸运，我 易错提醒 们订了个房间，否则我们现在就 nowhere位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序，即把助动词、情态 无处安身了。 动词或be动词提到主语前面。 8-2 to be found句意：窗户 UNIT Nowhere else could Mary go except California. 上原有的破洞无处可寻，这让人 除了加利福尼亚州，玛丽无处可去。 感到极大的安慰。 149