Unit 4 Period 2 Learning About Language（课件）英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册

高中英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册 Unit 4 Body Language Learning About Language Learning objectives By the end of the class, you'll be able to Distinguish sentences with -ing form as object and predicative; Understand the usage of -ing form as object and predicative ; Apply what you have learned to use in new contexts. Develop deeper insights into body language and apply body language creatively in real-life situations. Contents 1. Lead in 2. Practice 3. Presentation 4. Consolidation 5. Summary 6. Assessment 7. Assignment 01. Lead in Lead-in Lead in Pay attention to how body language can convey different types of feelings and meanings. 02. Practice Fill in the table with different forms of the words. Refer to a dictionary if necessary. Noun Verb Adjective Adverb differ difference different differently differ vi.不同，相异，意见不一致 different adj.不同的 difference n.不同之处 differ from...in...与……在……方面不同 differ with sb 与……意见不一 be different from...(in...)与……(在……方面)不同 make a difference有影响；很重要 make no difference to...对……没影响；对……不重要 Practice Fill in the table with different forms of the words. Refer to a dictionary if necessary. Noun Verb Adjective Adverbs vary variance/ variable variability/ variation variable/ various/ varied variously/ variably variance: the amount by which sth changes or is different from sth else 变化幅度；差额 variable: a situation, number or quantity that can vary or be varied 可变情况；变量；可变因素 variability: the fact of sth being likely to vary 可变性；易变性；反复不定 variation：①a change, especially in the amount or level of sth （数量、水平等的）变化，变更，变异 ② a thing that is different from other things in the same general group 变异的东西；变种；变体 Practice Fill in the table with different forms of the words. Refer to a dictionary if necessary. Noun Verb Adjective Adverb vary variance/ variable variability/ variation variable/ various/ varied variously/ variably variable: ① often changing; likely to change 多变的；易变的；变化无常的 ② able to be changed 可更改的；可变的 various: several different 各种不同的；各种各样的 (diverse) varied: ① of many different types 各种各样的；形形色色的；不相同的 ② not staying the same, but changing often 变化的；多变的；不同的 Practice Fill in the table with different forms of the words. Refer to a dictionary if necessary. Noun Verb Adjective Adverbs rely reliance/ reliability reliable reliably reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的 unreliable adj. 不可靠的 rely v.信任；信赖；依赖；依靠 rely on/upon 依靠；依赖 rely on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事 rely on it that...相信…… Practice Fill in the table with different forms of the words. Refer to a dictionary if necessary. Noun Verb Adjective Adverbs interact interaction interactive interactively interact ①to communicate with sb, especially while you work, play or spend time with them 交流；沟通；合作 Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child. ②if one thing interacts with another, or if two things interact , the two things have an effect on each other 相互影响；相互作用 Perfume interacts with the skin's natural chemicals. Practice Fill in the table with different forms of the words. Refer to a dictionary if necessary. Noun Verb Adjective Adverbs interact interaction interactive interactively interaction ~ (between sb/sth)~ (with sb/sth) n •the interaction between performers and their audience 演员和观众之间的互动 •the interaction of bacteria with the body's natural chemistry 细菌和身体的天然化学变化的相互作用 Practice Fill in the table with different forms of the words. Refer to a dictionary if necessary. interactive ①that involves people working together and having an influence on each other 合作的；相互影响的；互相配合的 The school believes in interactive teaching methods. 这所学校相信互动教学法。 ②( computing 计) that allows information to be passed continuously and in both directions between a computer and the person who uses it 交互式的；人机对话的； 互动的 •interactive systems/video 交互式系统╱视频 Noun Verb Adjective Adverbs interact interaction interactive interactively Practice Fill in the table with different forms of the words. Refer to a dictionary if necessary. Noun Verb Adjective Adverbs approve approve vi.赞成;同意　vt.批准;通过 approval n. 赞成；通过；同意；认可；批准 disapproval n.不赞成;谴责 approving adj.赞许的；许可的 approve of sth 赞成，同意 give one’s approval to sth. 批准某人做某事 approval approving/approved approvingly Practice Fill in the table with different forms of the words. Refer to a dictionary if necessary. Noun Verb Adjective Adverbs embarrass embarrassment embarrassing embarrassed embarrassingly embarrass:to make sb feel shy, awkward or ashamed, especially in a social situation （尤指在社交场合）使窘迫，使尴尬 I didn't want to embarrass him by kissing him in front of his friends. 我并没想当着他的朋友吻他而使他感到难堪。 It embarrassed her to meet strange men in the corridor at night. 夜里在走廊上遇见陌生男人使她感到很不好意思。 Practice 2 Work out the meanings of the underlined words in the sentences below. In pairs, list more words of the same kind. I rest my head on the desk to get some rest. The child displayed great interest in the huge fireworks display. Most students favour the plan, while their teachers are not in favour of it. Jeremy witnessed the whole incident and was expected to be the key witness at the trial. His lack of eye contact when talking with people shows that he lacks confidence. When he noticed a slight frown on his twin sister’s face, he frowned as well. v. to place or put n. relaxation, sleep or nap v. to show n. a show v. to prefer or like n. approving of v. to see something n. a person who gives evidence n. absence v. to not have n. a facial expression that shows disapproval v. to make a facial expression showing disapproval Practice Read the passage about body language. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box. by contrast by comparison break down interaction demonstrate approve of clue gesture When we think about nonverbal behaviour, or body language, we think about communication. When we think about communication, we think about ___________. So what is our body language _______________ to others? Social scientists have spent a lot of time looking at the effects of our body language. We make assessments and inferences from body language. And according to those judgements we ___________ one person and dislike another. So body language provides external ___________ that are influenced by internal thoughts and feelings. Scientists have found that when demonstrating interaction approve of clues Practice Read the passage about body language. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box. by contrast by comparison break down interaction demonstrate approve of clue gesture we feel proud and powerful, we usually straighten up to make ourselves bigger. ___________, when we feel powerless, we tend to slump, making ourselves smaller. It is obvious that our minds can influence our bodies. But is it also true that our bodies can affect our minds? Scientific experiments show that if we make powerful __________ long enough, we may actually feel more powerful. People who remember to use positive body language are more likely to feel positive ___________, so some scientists suggest that we use our bodies to try power posing to help ___________ our feelings of shyness and powerlessness. By contrast gestures by comparison break down Practice 03. Presentation The -ing Form as the— Examples Swimming is his favourite sport. He is the man swimming in the river just now. Swimming in summer, we can get cool. I found him swimming in the river. You should practise playing the piano every day. Her duty is taking care of the babies Tell the function of –ing form in each sentence. Subject Attribute Adverbial Object complement Object Predicative Presentation 1.Review of the usage of the –ing form. V-ing 时态和语态 主 动 被 动 一般 完成 否定式 doing being done having done having been done not+doing / not+having done Presentation 1. She enjoys learning about body language in different cultures. 2. My father is used to going to bed late and getting up very early. 3. The crucial thing is using body language in a way (that is appropriate to the culture you are in) . 4. The plan sounds interesting and challenging. Look at the examples below, paying attention to the italicised parts. Find other examples from the reading text. object object predicative predicative 现在分词，指主语具有的特征、性质和状态。 动名词，指主语的内容，表习惯性动作。 Presentation Find other examples from the reading text. Presentation Find other examples from the reading text. 1. However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany. 2. Elsewhere, people favor shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 3. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. 4. Perhaps the best example is smiling. object object predicative predicative Presentation Observe and Summarize I enjoy learning about body language in different cultures. I find myself constantly interested in learning about body language, too. 谓语动词 介词 v-ing 作宾语 动作的承受者 宾语 及物动词和介词后 位置 Presentation 1. She considers folding her arms a defensive posture when negotiating. 2. They admit leaning forward during a conversation to show genuine interest. 3. I don’t allow crossing legs in my yoga class because it can suggest disengagement. 4. I feel like blinking my eyes rapidly when the strong light shines. 动词 动宾结构 object -ing form 总结1： 有些动词后只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语，而不能跟动词不定式作宾语。 Observe and Summarize Presentation 喜欢考虑要想象(enjoy, consider, imagine/fancy) 介意冒险可避免(mind, risk, avoid) 允许承认不喜欢(allow, admit, dislike) 欣赏错过可理解(appreciate, miss, understand) 主张完成不拖延(advocate, finish, delay/postpone) 建议坚持勤练习(suggest/advise/recommend, keep, practice) 反对逃避不放弃(oppose/resist, escape, quit) Presentation 常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀: 只跟动词不定时形式作宾语的动词 desire to do sth wish to do sth expect to do sth claim to do sth dare to do sth apply to do sth agree to do sth determine to do sth decide to do sth struggle to do sth learn to do sth refuse to do sth decline to do sth promise to do sth attempt to do sth prepare to do sth hesitate to do sth bother to do sth pretend to do sth tend to do sth 常跟动词to do 形式作宾语的动词： Presentation When he means to express friendliness and openness, he always smiles. That he always smiles means expressing friendliness and openness. 当他想表示友好和坦率时，他总是微笑。 他总是面带微笑，这意味着他的友好和坦率。 You should remember to maintain eye contact during your speech. I remember maintaining eye contact during my speech. 你要记得在演讲时保持眼神接触。 我记得在我演讲的时候一直保持眼神交流。 还没做 做过了 总结2：有些动词既可接to do 又可接动词-ing形式作宾语，且意义不同。 Presentation go on doing 继续做原来做的事 go on to do 接着做另一件事 mean doing 意味着要做某事 mean to do 想要做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 stop to do 停下来去做（别的事） 有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有： Presentation try doing 试着做某事 try to do 努力做某事 be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事 can't help doing 禁不住做某事 can't help to do 不能帮助做某事 有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有： Presentation 1. The speaker focused his attention on gesturing with his hands. 2. She expressed her feelings through nodding her head. 3. The audience showed their eagerness with leaning forward. 4. He conveyed his message by smiling to the audience. 5. The interviewer judged the candidate based on observing their facial expressions. 介词 -ing form 介宾结构 object 总结3： 动词-ing 形式常位于 之后作宾语成分，与其前面的介词一起构成 结构。 介词 介宾 Observe and Summarize Presentation Compare I am looking forward to going to the conference to learn more about nonverbal communication. She is excited about having the opportunity to demonstrate her expertise in interpreting body language. 介词to 动词不定式符号to 注意: 动词-ing形式作介词的宾语中，注意区分介词to与不定式符号to。 总结4：“动词 (＋名词/形容词/副词)＋介词”结构，其后如果出现非谓语动词形式，只能用动名词，其中的to皆为介词，而不是不定式符号。这类结构有admit to, be/get/become used to, be equal to, devote ...to, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to, see to, lead to, pay attention to等。 Presentation 注意： 在以下结构中，v.-­ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。 spend...(in) doing 花费……做某事 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing... 做……有困难/麻烦 stop/prevent sb. (from) doing… 阻止某人做某事 waste time (in) doing… 浪费时间做某事 be busy (in) doing… 忙于做某事 have a good/hard time (in) doing… 高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事 There is no point (in) doing… 做某事毫无意义 Presentation Although body language is really powerful, it needs using properly. Although body language is really powerful, it needs to be used properly. need doing =need to be done需要被…… 总结5：有些动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。如need/want/require/deserve doing相当于need/want/require/deserve to be done。 Presentation Sb + make think believe consider find feel + it + useless no use no good a waste of time worthwhile +V-ing I found it useless (no use )_________________________(争论这个问题). arguing about the problem. Do you consider it any good _____________(再试一次)? trying again 总结6：在形式宾语中动词-ing的使用 Presentation 36 The crucial thing is using body language appropriately. It’s amazing how much we understand just by watching people’s gestures and expressions. 系动词 系动词 v-ing 作表语 表语:系动词之后的句子成分称为表语，一起常称“系表结构”。 存在系动词：be动词，意为“是...” 表象系动词：appear/look/seem 看起来 变化系动词：get/go/grow/turn/become 变得 持续系动词：keep/remain 仍然 感官系动词：feel/sound/taste/smell 摸起来/听上去/尝起来/闻起来 Observe and Summarize Presentation 总结7： 1.动词-ing形式作表语，①多表示一般性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容，可与主语互换位置。 The crucial thing is using body language appropriately. Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. ＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job. 注意：但当主语是aim/goal/purpose/intention, suggestion/advice/proposal, idea/the next step,plan/ambition/dream,duty等这类表示“目的与意图，建议与想法，目标梦想与责任等时，用to do做表语，to do做表语通常是强调一次性的，具体的将要发生的动作。 动词-ing形式作表语 Presentation It’s amazing how much we understand just by watching people’s gestures and expressions. The news is very exciting. Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. 2.一些表示状态、品质、情绪的动词-ing形式可作表语，②具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。如：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising等，这类分词有“令人……的”的含义。 Presentation 39 动词-ing形式的复合结构 作宾语和表语 请思考：What’s the difference between the following two sentences? Do you mind smoking here? 你介意在这儿抽烟吗？ Do you mind my/me smoking here? 你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？ 句（2）中smoke的逻辑主语是 ，而不是句子主语you，所以必须使用v-ing的复合结构。 my/me 总结8：当v-ing形式作宾语/表语，且它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，就需要使用v-ing形式的复合结构。 形式：形容词性物主代词/代词宾格/名词/名词所有格＋(not) doing 练习： 1. I know nothing about his _________ (serve) in the army. 2. John’s ________ (come) here will get us out of trouble. serving coming 04. Consolidation 一、单句语法填空 1．It was an unpopular decision to postpone _________ (build) the new hospital. 2．One learns a language by making mistakes and __________ (correct) them. 3．Though it sounds a bit too expensive, it is worth _________(buy). 4．She is very busy ________(write) her papers. 5．________(paint) is her hobby. 6．Something is wrong with the computer and it requires ____________ (repair).  7．I appreciate his _________(devote) himself to the cause of agriculture. 8. She can’t stand __________ (keep) waiting. 9. The little boy slipped into the classroom without __________ (notice) by the teacher. devoting building correcting buying writing Painting repairing/to be repaired keeping being noticed Consolidation 10. Peter is angry about ________________(not invite) to the party. 11. Climbing mountains was __________, so we all felt _________. (tire) 12. It was a really _________(terrify) experience. Afterwards, everybody was very ________(shock)． 13. You may find it _____________ (astonish) that Charlie Chaplin was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. 14. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying __________ (connect)． 15. The news was ______ (shock), and there was a _____ (frighten) look on her face. connected not being invited tired terrifying astonishing shocked shocking frightened tiring Consolidation 2. Complete the sentences using the -ing form and state their functions. (1) Bill's job is _________ sign language. (2) The theme of his presentation is _____________ barriers between groups. (3) By _________, we mean "bending our head or body forward as a sign of respect or shame". (4) ______________ three kilometres of heavy traffic took me almost 25 minutes. (5) We intended to visit the theme park but ended up ___________ Professor Zhang. teaching amuse, teach, break down, call on, bow, get through, assess breaking down bowing Getting through calling on Consolidation 45 3. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases. Reading body language is not an easy task. It can be ____________ because interpreting the signs that another person shows requires _____________________________. In this sense, it can be compared to a doctor ___________________________._____________________________ is also key to reading people's body language accurately. For example, when _________, some people avoid eye contact. By contrast, others may _________ eye contact even longer than usual. challenging lie, challenge, consider individual differences, maintain, consider the whole picture, evaluate a patient's condition evaluating a patient's condition considering the whole picture lying maintain Considering individual differences Consolidation 46 4. Talk about the body language you can read from the following pictures. Use at least one -ing form for each picture. The man is trying on his new clothes. It seems that he is quite satisfied with them because he is smiling at himself in the mirror. Consolidation It seems that the lady is in a hurry because she keeps _____________________________ _______to show her impatience. The boy is afraid of the ____________ dog. He is trying to run away from an angry dog to avoid _____________________________. barking looking at her watch now and being bitten by the ferocious dog then 05. Summary V-ing形式 作宾语 动名词：指主语的内容，一般性、经常性的动作。 eg. My favourite sport is swimming. 现在分词：指主语具有的特征、性质和状态。 eg. The news is quite shocking. look forward to doing sth. devote to doing sth. lead to doing sth. be used/accustomed to doing put off doing sth. insist on doing sth. ... ... 作动词的宾语 作介词的宾语 作表语 Summary 喜欢考虑要想象(enjoy, consider, imagine/fancy) 介意冒险可避免(mind, risk, avoid) 允许承认不喜欢(allow, admit, dislike) 欣赏错过可理解(appreciate, miss, understand) 主张完成不拖延(advocate, finish, delay/postpone) 建议坚持勤练习(suggest/advise/recommend, keep, practice) 反对逃避不放弃(oppose/resist, escape, quit) 06. Assessment Things I can do. Scores I can accumulate more words through suffix in the context of body language. 5 4 3 2 1 I can identify and summarize use of v.-ing form as object and predicative by observing and analyzing through the context of body language. 5 4 3 2 1 I can sum up the rules in a mind map logically and comprehensively. 5 4 3 2 1 I can take some exercise correctly in limited time and apply the structure in my writing properly. 5 4 3 2 1 Assessment 07. Assignment Body language is as important as words in communication with other people. The crucial factor is recognize the fact that body language differs in various cultures, but it is also important to “do in Rome as the Romans do”. For example, show the gesture for “OK” in many cultures can meaning “money” in Japan or “zero” in France. By contrast, make such a gesture in Brazil or Germany can being offensive. Of course, some body language is sharing by all cultures. For instance, waved one's hand while see your friend off is like to say “Good-bye”, and smile often gets people through difficult situations. recognizing showing mean making be shared waving smiling seeing Task1:Read the passage. Underline and correct the mistakes. (P83) Assignment Task2:Translate the following passage using v.-ing form. 在与他人交流时，肢体语言和语言表达同样重要。关键在于要认识到这样一个事实：肢体语言在不同文化中存在差异，但 “入乡随俗” 也同样重要。例如，在许多文化中表示 “好的” 的手势，在日本可能意味着 “钱”，在法国则表示 “零”；相反，在巴西或德国做出这样的手势却可能带有冒犯意味！当然，有些肢体语言是所有文化共通的。比如，送别朋友时挥手就相当于在说 “再见”，而微笑往往能帮助人们渡过难关。 Assignment 　　Body language is as important as words in____________(communite) with other people.The crucial factor is __________(recognize) the fact that body language differs in various cultures，but it is also important to “do in Rome as the Romans do”．For example，_______(show) the gesture for “OK” in many cultures can mean “money” in Japan or “zero” in France.By contrast，________(make) such a gesture in Brazil or Germany can be offensive! Of course，some body language is shared by all cultures.For instance，_________(wave) one's hand while seeing your friend off is like saying “Good-bye”，and ________(smile) often gets people through difficult situations. Possible version communicating recognizing showing making waving smiling Assignment Thank you for your listening $$