34 Unit 5 Working the Land Period 6 写作-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步讲义(人教版)

Period 6　 写作(Writing) 如何发表议论 一、文体特征 本单元要求写一篇关于农业发展的议论文。议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者的见解和主张。作者对某一问题持有某些看法，为了使读者同意自己的看法，列出若干理由，企图说服他人。 二、语言特色 [基本框架] 1．开头：阐述议论的问题并表明自己的观点。 2．主体：阐述自己支持观点的原因或者是另一方的观点及原因。 3．结尾：发表个人观点。 [教材原句] 1．Read the text and find out the sentences describing the problems of pesticides． ①For example， pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones． ②In addition，these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time． 2．Read the text and find out the sentences describing the problems of chemical fertilisers． As for chemical fertilisers，crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition． 3．Read the text and find out the sentences describing how organic farmers produce rich soil． ①They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year． ②Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich． [触类旁通] 1．Recently our class has had a debate about whether organic farming is good for us．Different students hold different opinions． 最近我们班就有机农业是否对我们有益展开了一场辩论。不同的学生持有不同的观点。 2．Opinions about organic farming vary from person to person．Some people are in favour of it while others are against it． 关于有机农业的看法因人而异。一些人赞成，而另一些人反对。 3．In terms of the development of modern agriculture，chemical farming and organic farming are two key words． 就现代农业的发展而言，化学农业和有机农业是两个关键词。 4．However，others are against it because it costs a great deal of money to develop organic farming． 然而，也有人反对，因为发展有机农业要花费大量的金钱。 5．As the old saying goes，everything has two sides．It has both advantages and disadvantages． 俗话说，凡事都有两面性。它既有优点，又有缺点。 6．All in all，I'm in favour of organic farming．I hope more and more farmers will switch to organic farming in the future． 总之，我赞成有机农业。我希望在未来会有越来越多的农民转向有机农业。 假定你是李华，最近你班将举行主题为“Chemical Farming or Organic Farming”的征文比赛。请用英语写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1．你的观点； 2．作出该选择的理由。 注意：1．词数80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [审题构思] [遣词造句] 1．我们应该尽自己所能来保护脆弱的环境。 We should do everything in our power to protect the delicate environment． 2．旨在使土壤肥沃，不含化肥的有机农业对自然环境无疑是友好的。 Intended to keep the soil rich，organic farming，which is free of chemical fertilisers，is undoubtedly friendly to the environment． 3．被诊断患有癌症的人数在上升，我们更要注意我们的食物。 The number of people diagnosed with cancer is on the rise and we are supposed to attach more attention to our food． 4．有机食物富含矿物质和维生素，它能确保我们摄入必要的营养，并且减少患潜在的严重疾病的可能性。 Organic food is rich in minerals and vitamins．It guarantees us the essential nutrition and reduces the likelihood of potential serious diseases． [句式升级] 5．用so...that...的倒装句改写句1 So delicate is the environment that we should do everything in our power to protect it． 6．用with的复合结构和名词性从句改写句3 With the number of people diagnosed with cancer on the rise，we are supposed to attach more attention to what we eat． 7．用形容词短语作状语＋as well as 改写句4 Rich in minerals and vitamins，organic food guarantees us the essential nutrition as well as reduces the likelihood of potential serious diseases． [连句成篇](注意使用适当的衔接过渡词语) 【参考范文】 In my opinion，organic farming is preferable to chemical farming because of its significant advantages over the latter． In the first place，so delicate is the environment that we should do everything in our power to protect it．Intended to keep the soil rich，organic farming，which is free of chemical fertilisers，is undoubtedly friendly to the environment． With the number of people diagnosed with cancer on the rise，we are supposed to attach more attention to what we eat．Rich in minerals and vitamins，organic food guarantees us the essential nutrition as well as reduces the likelihood of potential serious diseases． In conclusion，with all these factors taken into account，my preference should be given to organic farming． 近年来，有机农业已成为一个热点话题，为此你班同学在上周的英语课上展开了一场关于有机农业的讨论。请你根据下表提示写一篇文章向你校英文报投稿。 80%赞同 ·降低环境污染的程度 ·降低农业生产成本 20%反对 目前有机食物不能满足市场需求 你的观点 …… 注意：1．词数80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【参考范文】 In recent years，organic farming has been very popular，so our class had a discussion about it last week．Opinions are different about this topic． 80 per cent of the students are in favor of it．Firstly，they think that organic farming is beneficial to the environment by reducing the level of pollution．Secondly，organic farming reduces the costs of agricultural production．However，20 per cent of the students think that now organic food can't meet market demand，and that there is still a long way for organic farming to provide sufficient food． In my opinion，we should hold a positive attitude to organic farming，and I believe that it will be very mature in the future． 情绪描写 ①convince vt．使相信；使确信；说服→convinced adj．确信的；坚信的→convincing adj．有说服力的；使人信服的 ②intense adj．热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 ③deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上 动作描写 ①devote vt．把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于 ②tackle vt．解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 ③boost vt．使增长；使兴旺 ④yield vt．出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)vi．屈服；让步 ⑤attain vt．(通常经过努力)获得；得到 ⑥overcome vt．克服；解决；战胜 ⑦alleviate vt．减轻；缓解 第一步：完成句子雏形现 1．两个月来，我一直专心致志地解决一个难题。 I had been devoted to tackling a tough problem for two months． 2．由于我在这方面的经验不足，我无法取得一个理想的结果。 Because of my shortage of experience in this aspect，I couldn't attain an ideal outcome． 3．我被一种失败感征服。在内心深处，我感到极度焦虑和沮丧。 I was overcome by a sense of failure and I felt extremely anxious and depressed deep down． 4．我的父母发现了我的处境，并尽一切努力缓解我强烈的焦虑和沮丧。 My parents spotted my situation and made every effort to alleviate my intense anxiety and depression． 5．他们耐心地说服我，一个坚定的人永远不应该屈服于逆境。 They patiently convinced me that a determined person should never yield to adversity． 6．在他们不断地鼓励下，我增强了信心，并成功地解决了这个难题。 With their continuous encouragement，I boosted my confidence and worked out the tough problem successfully． 第二步：句式升级造亮点 7．用非谓语动词升级句3 Overcome by a sense of failure，I felt extremely anxious and depressed deep down． 8．用非谓语动词升级句6 With their continuous encouragement，I boosted my confidence，working out the tough problem successfully． 第三步：过渡衔接连成篇 I had been devoted to tackling a tough problem for two months．However，because of my shortage of experience in this aspect，I couldn't attain an ideal outcome．Overcome by a sense of failure，I felt extremely anxious and depressed deep down．My parents spotted my situation and made every effort to alleviate my intense anxiety and depression．They patiently convinced me that a determined person should never yield to adversity．Finally，with their continuous encouragement，I boosted my confidence，working out the tough problem successfully． 课时提升作业(十五)　(UNIT 5　Using Language & Writing) (建议用时：45分钟　总分：108.5分) Ⅰ．品句填词(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．The festival gives a real flavour(特色)of traditional Chinese culture． 2．Don't undertake intense exercise for a few hours after a meal to allow food to digest(消化)． 3．It is essential(极其重要的) that we should protect the environment for future generations． 4．He had lost his job and had no money to survive，so he had no alternative(选择)but to ask his parents for help． 5．We should consider all aspects (方面)of the problem before making a decision． Ⅱ．词性转换(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．If you are in need of a deadline extension(extend)，simply explain the situation to the professor． 2．Susanna is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious (nutrition) meals on a tight budget． 3．Many people believe that organic (organ)vegetables have a higher nutritional (nutrition)value and better taste than chemically-grown ones． 4．The canyon is made of layers of rock，and each layer of rock has a different depth (deep)and color． 5．We did not speak the local language，did not know the customs，and more often than not，did not entirely(entire) recognize the food． Ⅲ．短语填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) for instance，in addition，switch to，free of，as for 1．The medical examination showed that he was free of disease． 2．She is smart and hard-working．In addition，she has a great sense of humor． 3．Many consumers are switching to electric vehicles due to environmental concerns． 4．Some students are good at maths，while others excel in English．As for me，I'm more interested in science． 5．There are many beautiful places in the country．For instance，the mountains in the north are very spectacular． Ⅳ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 1．给我印象最深的是他的永不放弃的决心。 What impressed me most was his determination never to quit． 2．我的目标是将我的绘画技能提升到专业水平。 My goal is to improve my painting skills to a professional level． 3．她无法接受自己考试不及格这一事实。 She couldn't accept the fact that she had failed the exam． 4．我们不但从书本中学习知识，而且从实践中获取经验。 Not only do we learn knowledge from books，but also we gain experience from practice．(倒装句) 5．暴风雨持续了一整天，使得这座城市一片混乱。 The storm lasted for a whole day，leaving the city in a mess． Ⅴ．补全短文(共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分) I assume 1．organic farming(有机农业)to be better than 2．chemical farming(化学农业)．Here are some reasons． Firstly，given that 3．chemical pesticides(化学杀虫剂) are harmful to plants，farmers are forbidden to spray them in organic farming．Secondly，there are no pesticide residues left on them．4．Not only will natural waste from animals be good for improving the condition of the soil but also (不仅……而且)it will 5．make plants more nutritious(使植物更有营养)．Thirdly，with more and more people caring about their health，they 6．have the alternative (有选择)of buying organic fruit and vegetables． To sum up，I'm in favour of organic farming．I 7．am entirely convinced (我完全相信)that more and more farmers will 8．be devoted to (致力于) organic farming in the future． Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A Weed control is essential for improving crop yields，but it is increasingly difficult．Some weeds are becoming resistant to weed killers，which face stricter regulations and，in some cases，are being banned．On top of that，many consumers want organic produce．Worker shortage means that using a weed puller behind a big farm machine is expensive，time-consuming，and difficult． Weeding is a chore that most farmers would happily hand to robots．But for a robot to do the job properly，it must be able to distinguish a weed from what is being grown．This is becoming easier with advances in computer vision．Some phone apps can now identify a plant from just a photo．Robots equipped with cameras will weed and perform various tasks automatically． Having spotted a weed，several ways exist to try to kill it．The Small Robot Company's weeding robot，called Dick，uses electricity to kill them．The robot's wheels work like an electrode (电极)to contact the ground while another electrode is moved to touch the plant．This allows energy to flow through the plant，generating heat that effectively boils the plant's cells，killing it instantly．The pieces of the plant can then be left to naturally break down into the soil． Dick will work with Tom and Harry，all of them electrically powered．The idea，says Ben Scott-Robinson，is that Tom will routinely scan fields to a level of detail of just a few centimeters．Using its cameras and other sensors，the thin four-wheel-drive machine can map the health of every plant，along with soil conditions．When weeds appear，Dick will be sent to kill them．Harry，the third robot，is under development for tasks such as seeding and applying precise levels of fertiliser to each plant．Tom will go into commercial production in August．Unlike many vegetables，cereals (谷类)are grown more densely in rows，which makes the mechanical hoeing (锄)of weeds tricky．Armed with Tom's methods，Dick should be able to kill grassy weeds in cereals accurately． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了杂草控制难度越来越大，一种除草机器人可以解决这一问题。 1．What is the challenge in weed control? A．Weeds are growing too fast． B．Robots are not capable of weeding． C．Organic produce dominates the market． D．Weed killers are facing stricter regulations． D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Some weeds are becoming resistant to weed killers，which face stricter regulations and，in some cases，are being banned．”可知，杂草控制的挑战是除草剂面临更严格的监管。故选D。] 2．What can be inferred about the use of robots in farming? A．Robots can be farmers' good helpers． B．Robots are only able to harvest crops． C．Robots can predict the crops' growth． D．Robots are too expensive for most farmers． A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中“Weeding is a chore that most farmers would happily hand to robots．”可知，机器人可以成为农民的好帮手。故选A。] 3．What is Tom's role in the Small Robot Company's robot system? A．It is a mechanical hoe for cereals． B．It scans fields and maps plant health． C．It is under development for future tasks． D．It is responsible for seeding and fertilising． B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The idea，says Ben Scott-Robinson...along with soil conditions．”可知，Tom扫描田地并绘制植物健康地图。故选B。] 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The invention of a new type of robot． B．The development of organic farming． C．The challenges and solutions in weed control． D．The increasing resistance of weeds to weed killers． C　[主旨大意题。文章主要说明了杂草控制难度越来越大，一种除草机器人可以解决这一问题。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲了杂草控制的挑战和解决办法。故选C。] B Summer tomatoes are filled with promise：the red color；the grassy tomato-leaf smell；the expectation of a mouthful of sweet-salty tomato dishes．But supermarket tomatoes do little more than disappointment．How can a fruit with so much potential constantly taste slightly juicy at best and a globe of cardboard at worst? We know that modern tomatoes sold at the supermarket are picked green and grown for pest resistance，shipping，and shelf life and that the agriculture industry creates produce designed for profit，not flavor．Do these the factors contribute to the tomato's poor taste? But even when allowed to ripen (成熟)before they are harvested and shipped with great care，modern tomatoes are still tasteless．When researchers looked into this tomato matter，they uncovered a fascinating genetic cause for the fruit's poor taste．It is a gene mutation (基因突变) discovered accidentally around 70 years ago，onto which tomato growers quickly relied．In fact，now the mutation has been grown into nearly all modern tomatoes by design． Why？It makes them a uniform and attractively red when they are ripe．Unfortunately for tomato lovers far and wide，the red-making mutation stops the activeness of an important gene responsible for producing the sugar and smell that are essential for a good smelling and flavorful tomato，as reported in the paper，which was published in the journal Science．When the researchers “turned on” the gene that had stopped working，the fruit had 20% more sugar and 20－30% more carotenoids (类胡萝卜素)when ripe．Yet the fruit's non-uniform greenish color suggests that mainstream growers will not be following suit anytime soon． However，for anyone with a nearby farmer's market，a supermarket that offers traditional produce，or a garden in the back，there is another choice instead of cardboard-flavored tomatoes．Traditional tomatoes and wild species have not had the basic parts of tomatoes taken out of them by selective growing—so shop for those or grow them yourself．They may not look like the a perfect fruit in your mind，but they actually taste like tomatoes． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现代西红柿虽然看起来好看但吃起来却乏味的原因，即：基因突变。 5．Why is a question raised at the end of paragraph 1? A．To draw a conclusion from comparison． B．To introduce the topic． C．To express disappointment at supermarket tomatoes． D．To encourage readers to take action． B　[推理判断题。第一段的最后提出的问题是“为什么西红柿最好的情况是有一点点汁，最坏的情况是像纸板圆球一样索然无味”，这个问题是文章谈论的主题，下文围绕这个问题展开，即提出问题是为了引入核心话题。故选B。] 6．Why are modern tomatoes tasteless? A．They are affected by a gene mutation． B．They have ripened when picked． C．They are treated with chemicals for shipping． D．They are kept on the shelf for too long． A　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和第三句“当研究人员研究番茄这方面的事时，他们发现了番茄味道不佳的一个有趣的遗传原因。罪魁祸首是大约70年前偶然发现的一种基因突变，番茄种植者很快就依赖于这种突变。”可知，现代番茄无味是因为它们受到基因突变的影响。故选A。] 7．What needs improvement as for the tomatoes the researchers grew? A．Size．　　　　　　　 B．Production． C．Color． D．Taste． C　[细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“然而，这种水果不均匀的绿色表明，主流种植者短期内不会效仿。”可知，研究人员种植的西红柿的缺点是颜色不均匀，需要改善的是颜色。故选C。] 8．What is the best title for the text? A．How Do Modern Tomatoes Differ from Traditional Ones? B．Why Are Modern Tomatoes Tasteless? C．How Can We Choose Juicy Tomatoes? D．Why Do People Prefer Traditional Tomatoes? B　[标题归纳题。 根据文章第一段的主题句“How can a fruit with so much potential constantly taste slightly juicy at best and a globe of cardboard at worst？”以及后面每一段的段落大意可知，文章主要在说明现代西红柿无味的原因，因此“为什么现代西红柿无味？”适合作本文的标题。故选B。] Ⅱ．应用文写作(满分15分) 假定你是李华，你们学校有一个生态农场，种植各种蔬菜和果树。你校打算本周日在该农场举办夏令营活动。请你写信邀请你的美国朋友Peter一同参加这个活动。内容包括： 1．活动举办的时间和地点； 2．活动安排； 3．注意事项。 注意：1．词数80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：生态农场ecological farm 【参考范文】 Dear Peter， Our school is going to hold a summer camp on our school's ecological farm this Sunday．Therefore，I am writing to sincerely invite you to the camp with me． We will gather at the school gate at 8：00 am and go there on foot．When arriving there，we will meet the farmers who will introduce ecological planting．Then we will be given a small piece of land to experience advanced farming．Finally，we will enjoy the pleasure of picking our favorite fruit and vegetables．Do remember to wear comfortable clothes and shoes． If you are free and want to go，please let me know as soon as possible． Yours， Li Hua Ⅲ．读后续写(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Lucy and I met in the ninth grade．Until then，I had a few good friends with whom I shared many of the same interests，but never in my life had I experienced a friendship quite like the one I shared with her． Lucy and I shared everything．At times it even seemed like we shared a brain．Lucy and I both had a thing for taking photos of our shadows in the moonlight．Some nights we would keep away from everyone else，and walk around school，the park，even train tracks with our cameras—searching for the perfect shot of our shadows cast on the sidewalk beside us． A few months before I met Lucy，I was diagnosed (诊断)with a rare nervous system disease that would progress if left untreated．I was misdiagnosed for months．Consequently，a lot of time was wasted on the wrong treatments and I was getting worse and worse．Lucy was the first friend I ever told about my situation． “Eventually I might not be able to walk，to be in the sun，to digest food，or to eat like a normal person．Or worse，” I said as we sat on a bench one day after school．She was quiet for a moment． “Well，if you can't walk，I'll push you and if you can't eat，I'll have a food fight with you anyway，and if you become allergic to light we'll still be able to go shadow-hunting．I'll be your emotional sunscreen—SPF (防晒指数)1，000．” “My SPF 1，000，huh？” “Yup，” she laughed． I hugged her．“Thank you．” Days turned into weeks，weeks turned into months and my health worsened．It was getting increasingly difficult for me to get around．Lucy was there with me，every “step” of the way．Finally，things got bad enough that I was forced to leave school．Hospital became my home away from home and I was often there for months at a time．I was very sick and unable to stay in contact with friends，even Lucy．Though I had a nurse to take care of me，I felt lonely．I needed someone to talk to，a friend． 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 One day，an unexpected visitor arrived at my hospital bedside． With Lucy's company and doctors' proper treatment， things began to improve． 【参考范文】 One day，an unexpected visitor arrived at my hospital bedside．It was Lucy，with her familiar smile and a bag full of goodies．She looked at me with those warm，comforting eyes and said，“Hey，how's it going？I've brought you some of your favourite books and snacks．I knew you're probably bored here，so I thought we could catch up and maybe even read a chapter together．” Her words were like a ray of sunshine breaking through the darkness of my hospital room．I felt my spirits lift as we talked and laughed，sharing stories of our old adventures and dreaming up new ones．Lucy's visit was a reminder that even in the darkest times，friends can bring light and hope． With Lucy's company and doctors' proper treatment，things began to improve．My strength slowly returned，and I was able to spend more time out of bed．Lucy and I continued to bond，sharing our thoughts and fears about the future．She was always there to listen，to offer advice，and to remind me that I was not alone．Slowly but surely，I began to regain my independence．With Lucy's unwavering support，I was able to face my illness with courage and determination．I knew that no matter what challenges came my way，I had a friend who would stand by me until the end． 15/15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$