湖南省永州市零陵区永州市第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题

永州一中 2025 年下期高三入学考试试卷 英 语 命题人：郑怡然 审题人：杨美玲 温馨提示： 1. 本试卷满分 150 分，考试时间 120 分钟。 2. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并按规定贴好条形码。 3. 请将全部答案填写在答题卡上。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题，每题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Why did the woman go to Mallorca? A. To teach Spanish. B. To look for a job. C. To see a friend. 2. What does the man ask the woman to do? A. Take him to hospital. B. Go to a class with him. C. Submit a report for him. 3. Who will look after the children? A. Jennifer. B. Suzy. C. Marie. 4. What are the speakers going to do? A. Drive home. B. Go shopping. C. Eat out. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. How to fry fish. B. How to make coffee. C. How to remove a bad smell. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. When does Gomez watch a football game on TV? A. When he fails to get a ticket. B. When the stadium is crowded. C. When his friends are too busy. 7. How much did Gomez pay for the football game last time? A. $20. B. $25. C. $50. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What did Alex do in the afternoon? A. He had a walk. B. He went hunting. C. He planted trees. 9. What did Alex bring back? A. Flowers. B. Leaves. C. Books. 10. What was Bob doing when Alex saw him? A. Fishing. B. Taking pictures. C. Swimming. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What did David do on his most recent holiday? A. He had a boat trip. B. He took a balloon flight. C. He climbed a mountain. 12. What is on David’s list? A. Gifts he needed to buy. B. Things he wished to do. C. Dates he had to remember. 13. Where does the woman suggest David go for his next holiday? A. Australia. B. California. C. The Amazon. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. Why did Sarah make the phone call? A. To ask a favor. B. To pass on a message. C. To make an appointment. 15. Where is Sarah now? A. In Brighton. B. At her home. C. At the Shelton Hotel. 16. What time is Michael leaving his place tomorrow morning? A. At 7:40. B. At 8:00. C. At 8:20. 17. What is the probable relationship between John and Sarah? A. Neighbors. B. Fellow workers. C. Husband and wife. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. What do most people think is very important in spoken communication? A. Pronunciation. B. Vocabulary. C. Grammar. 19. Why should you listen to experts according to the speaker? A. To develop your reading fluency. B. To improve your note-taking skills. C. To find out your mispronunciations. 20. What is the speaker’s last suggestion? A. Spell out the difficult words. B. Check the words in a dictionary. C. Practice reading the words aloud. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节) 第一节 阅读理解 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。 A Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1=10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20% Group Assignments (30%) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/ In-Class Writings and Tests/ Group Work/ Homework (10%) Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/ discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded. Late Work An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 21. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article. 22. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date? A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade. C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it. B Black Friday Black Friday is the start of the holiday shopping season. It has been the busiest shopping day of the year since 2005. Most stores offer great deals on Black Friday. They open their doors in the small hours of the morning. They try to attract shoppers with big discounts. Some items like TVs are much cheaper than usual. Stores may even lose money on these items. They hope that shoppers will buy gifts for other people while they are in the store. Black Friday is a great time to get good deals. The problem is that there are not enough low-priced items to go around. Each store may only have a few. These items are in high demand. People stand in long lines to get such great deals. They may line up hours before a store opens. They may be hoping to get a low price on a TV or laptop, but not everyone who wants one will get one. Some people leave disappointed. The situation can be tense. Some Black Friday events have been violent. Large, eager crowds have trampled workers. Fights have broken out over toys or people cutting in line. People have shot one another over parking spots. But most Black Friday events are safe and fun. Still, if you plan on going, expect large crowds and a bit of pushing and shoving. So where does the name “Black Friday” come from? It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s. The police called this day Black Friday because of the heavy traffic it drew. In the 1960s, the name spread across the country. It seems that it is here to stay. Now people all over the country take part Enter in the event known as Black Friday. It is even spreading to other parts of the world. Stores Shift have held Black Friday events in the U. K., Australia, and Brazil since 2012. In Costa Rica, Black Friday is known as “Viernes Negro”. And in Mexico, stores offer an annual weekend of End discounts. They call it “EI Buen Fin”, which means “the good weekend” in Spanish. I guess the language of savings is universal. 24. Why do stores set prices so low on some items that they lose money? A. They want people to enjoy the holidays. B. They are generous at the beginning of the holiday season. C. They hope people will buy other gifts while they are in the store. D. They are trying to get rid of old items. 25. Which best concludes the main idea of the third paragraph? A. People stand in long lines on Black Friday. B. Black Friday is a really disappointing time of the year. C. Black Friday is the best time of the year to get good deals. D. Black Friday deals are limited and not everyone will get one. 26. Which best describes the overall structure of the fifth paragraph? A. Order of time. B. Problem and solution. C. Order of importance. D. Compare and contrast. 27. Which title best expresses the author’s purpose in writing this text? A. Black Friday: Stories from the Parking Lot B. Black Friday: Why You Should Go This Year C. Black Friday: The Stuff That You Should Know D. Black Friday: How to Save Money on the Big Day C The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. “I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.” “It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” 28. What is the purpose of the project? A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged. C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare. 29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier? A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement. C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality. 30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7? A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate. 31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs? A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative. C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results. D On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if . A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent 34. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 第二节 七选五阅读 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 36 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 38 You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but from their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 40 We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 第三部分 语言运用 第一节 完形填空 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。 I’m a creature of habit. The walking route I’ve established around the block in New York 41 varies. On my walk, I take 42 in what my fellow gardeners have planted. Of all the sights, I think I 43 Nell’s garden the most. Every morning, I pass Nell on her 44 showing respect for Mother Nature. While other women on the block 45 noisily over coffee break, Nell communicates with her flowers in 46 spiritually. One morning Nell didn’t bend over the lilies. Nor did she prune (修剪) branches Looking lost, she sat on her front porch and 47 off into space. “Nell? Nell? Are you all right?” Slowly she turned to me. With a long deep breath, she said in a whisper. “We are 48 .” Now I joined her in her 49 : What would I do without her fragrance and the flower heads 50 in time to my footfalls? Several weeks going by, Nell rarely spent time among the flowers, leaving the garden 51 . Then one morning, a moving pickup 52 to block the driveway. The house sat vacant. Life is like Nell’s garden. We plan and plant, and one day we move on. This spring I planted an annual garden. A friend was 53 and asked, “Why did you go through all that effort? Aren’t you moving to England?” She is right. I won’t be here, but another woman will. She’ll move into my house and enjoy the flowers I’ve 54 . I hope that across the 55 another woman is planting flowers in front of a house that I’ll rent. We plant not only for ourselves, but also for those who come behind us. 41. A. occasionally B. constantly C. barely D. temporarily 42. A. part B. joy C. steps D. risks 43. A. treasure B. plant C. design D. tend 44. A. fingers B. fists C. arms D. knees 45. A. chat B. compete C. cheer D. play 46. A. fear B. amazement C. advance D. silence 47. A. flew B. stared C. blew D. went 48. A. harvesting B. packing C. travelling D. moving 49. A. sadness B. confusion C. sympathy D. madness 50. A. screaming B. dropping C. nodding D. kicking 51. A. unused B. unattended C. unchanged D. unexpected 52. A. pulled up B. drove away C. passed by D. settled down 53. A. genuine B. humble C. curious D. sensitive 54. A. taken away B. run after C. left behind D. wondered at 55. A. country B. block C. garden D. ocean 第二节 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). 56 (cover) an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve 64 an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：1.说明问题；2.提出建议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Dear Ryan, I’m Li Hua from Class 3. _______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节 (满分 25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route (路线) through thick evergreen forest. I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run. What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event! I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.” I bit back my frustration (懊恼). I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward. David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer—that’s all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. ________________________ I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. __________________ 永州一中 2025 年下期高三入学考试试卷 • 英语 第 1 页 共 8 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参 考 答 案 第一部分 听力 略 第二部分 阅读 第一节 21-23 CBA 本文是《文学导论》课程的评分政策说明，详细列出了评分比例（60%论文、30%小组作业、10%日常作业）、迟交规则（论文超期4天得零分），以及课程要求（如课堂参与、小组合作等）。核心内容围绕课程成绩构成与学术规范展开。 21. 标题Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature文学导论课程评分政策。内容包含课程评分比例、作业要求、迟交规则等，属于C. A course plan.课程计划典型内容。 22. 根据小标题Essays (60%)、Group Assignments (30%)、Daily Work/ In-Class Writings and Tests/ Group Work/ Homework (10%)可知份数由三个部分组成。 23. 根据最后一段 If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero可知，延迟一周上交，得分为零，和选项A. You will receive a zero一致。 24-27 CDAC 本文介绍了黑色星期五Black Friday的起源、购物特点、潜在问题及全球扩展情况。内容涵盖：商店通过大幅折扣吸引顾客；商品数量有限导致排队和失望；人群聚集可能引发冲突；名称来源；Black Friday的全球传播。 24. 根据第二段They hope that shoppers will buy gifts for other people while they are in the store. 文章明确指出，虽然某些商品价格极低甚至亏本，但商家希望通过这种策略吸引顾客到店，从而带动其他商品的销售。这说明其目的在于促进店内整体消费，而并非单纯处理旧货或表达节日慷慨，选项C. They hope people will buy other gifts while they are in the store.符合文章。 25. 第三段Black Friday is a great time to get good deals. The problem is that there are not enough low-priced items to go around. Each store may only have a few. These items are in high demand. People stand in long lines to get such great deals. They may line up hours before a store opens. They may be hoping to get a low price on a TV or laptop, but not everyone who wants one will get one. Some people leave disappointed. 黑色星期五是买便宜货的好时机。问题是没有足够的低价商品。每家商店可能只有几个。这些商品的需求量很大。人们排很长的队来买到这么划算的东西。他们可能在商店开门前几个小时就排队了。他们可能希望在电视或笔记本电脑上获得低价，但并不是每个想要的人都会得到一台。有些人失望地离开。 第三段主要强调打折商品数量有限，导致供不应求，很多人排队却买不到。选项D. Black Friday deals are limited and not everyone will get one.准确反映了这一段的核心内容。 26. 第五段So where does the name “Black Friday” come from? It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s. The police called this day Black Friday because of the heavy traffic it drew. In the 1960s, the name spread across the country. It seems that it is here to stay. 那么“黑色星期五”这个名字是怎么来的呢？它于20世纪50年代在费城首次使用。警方称这一天为黑色星期五，因为它吸引了大量的交通。在20世纪60年代，这个名字传遍了全国。它似乎要留在这里了。 该段讲述了Black Friday这一名称的起源及其在全国范围内的传播过程，结构是按照A. Order of time时间发展顺序展开的。 27. 整篇文章是围绕Black Friday的各个方面进行科普性介绍，没有偏重某个角度（如省钱技巧或鼓励购物），也没有聚焦在停车场等个别事件。因此选项C. Black Friday: The Stuff That You Should Know(黑色星期五：你应该知道的事情)最能体现作者介绍和普及知识的写作目的。 28-31 DBCA 本文介绍了一项由伦敦当地慈善组织发起的项目，通过让养老院老年人照顾小鸡来缓解孤独感并改善身心健康。项目还帮助痴呆症患者，减少药物使用。参与者的反馈显示，该项目提升了老年人的成就感和社交互动，并已计划在全国推广。 28. 根据第二段The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. 文中明确指出该项目由慈善组织发起，旨在减少孤独感，提升老年人的幸福感wellbeing，这与选项D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.提升老年人的福利最为贴切。 29. 根据第五段I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” Ruth提到她喜欢创意活动，并表示做了一些有用的事，这说明她从中获得了成就感a sense of achievement，与选项B. She has gained a sense of achievement.相符。 30. 根据第七段Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. one of the first to embark on the project意为最早参与该项目的单位之一，因此embark on应理解为开始实施、参与某项计划或项目，对应选项C. Begin。 31. 根据第七段Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.和第八段We are happy to be taking part in the project. 这两段分别引用了Wendy Wilson和Lynn Lewis的话，都表示项目受到居民的欢迎，并期待它带来的好处。这表明该计划受到欢迎，选项A. It is well received正确。 32-35 BDCD 这篇文章围绕群体智慧wisdom of crowds这一现象展开，首先回顾了Francis Galton在1907年提出的经典理论：在独立估计的情况下，大量个体的平均判断往往非常准确，因为个体的错误可以相互抵消。文章接着介绍了一个由Joaquin Navajas主导的新研究，指出当人群被分成小组并允许讨论时，小组的平均判断比相同数量的独立个体更准确。后续研究进一步探索了小组讨论的过程，发现他们主要是通过交换论点和共同推理来达成更准确的判断。最后，文章指出虽然这些研究存在局限，但对群体决策具有重大启示。 32. 第二段This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. 这种效应利用了这样一个事实：当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人倾向于高估，有些人倾向于低估。当足够多的这些误差被平均在一起时，它们就会相互抵消，从而得到更准确的估计。如果人们是相似的，并且倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误就不会相互抵消。用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于某种原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。 这段解释了群体智慧效应的内部逻辑，即为什么群体平均判断会准确—因为个体错误不同，可以互相抵消。它强调了独立性是该效应的基础，这是其背后的原理，而非方法、设计或错误原因本身，选项B. The underlying logic of the effect.符合文章。 33. 根据第三段The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. 这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的群体并允许进行讨论时，这些群体的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。 本句指出，即使个体之间不是完全独立（因为他们在小组中进行了讨论），平均准确性反而更高。这与传统群体智慧理论所强调的独立性形成对比，说明即使估计不是完全独立，群体讨论也能提升准确度，选项D. estimates were not fully independent符合文章。 34. 根据第四段In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. 在对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。和Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” 最常见的是，这些小组报告说他们“分享论点，一起推理”。 后续研究的目的是了解小组成员在讨论中具体做了什么，即研究他们的讨论过程。它关注的是讨论中成员之间的互动方式，而非小组规模、主导成员或个体判断本身，选项C. The discussion process.符合文章。 35. 根据最后一段Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 虽然 Navajas领导的研究有局限性，还有许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。 虽然作者承认这些研究有局限和未解问题，但强调其对群体决策有巨大潜力。这是一种正面的、认可的态度，符合选项D. Approving赞同。 第二节 36-40 DBFCG 文章主题为个人原谅Personal Forgiveness，核心思想是：人类会犯错是正常的，重要的是从中学习并成长；与此同时，我们也要学会原谅自己，而不是一味责备。文章通过两个实用练习（记录个人优点和善意行为）来帮助我们建立自信与自我接纳。 36. 根据标题Personal Forgiveness个人原谅可知本文的主旨是要原谅自己。第一段往往也会阐明文章的主要观点。空后You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)中的do this以及下文内容可推断，do this指代的就是forgive yourself。选项D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要)与forgive yourself语意相近，起承上启下的作用。 37. 根据空前内容In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” (在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)以及空后内容Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗?有创造力吗?你慷慨吗?是一个好的倾听者?与人相处很有趣吗?它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)可知前后是一种总分关系，所以空格处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点(总)。选项B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释哪些是优点。 38. 尾句一般是照应前文的总结。空格前举例讲述的是一些自己所做的好事。选项F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。 39. 根据You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list(你可以请朋友或家人帮忙补充你的清单。)可知接下来应该是顺承a friend or family member adds to your list。选项C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)主语they与a friend or family member自然顺承衔接，符合语境。 40. 空格处在段落的中间，起到承上启下的作用。根据空格前It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是老生常谈。事实是，这是真的。) 由此可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习的。空格后We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直都在改变和学习，错误是发展和成长的积极方式)。选项G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你个性中固定的一面。) 选项G中的fixed(固定的与空格后的changing为相反含义，承上启下，符合语境。因此应选G。 第三部分 语言运用 第一节 41-45 CBADA 46-50 DBDAC 51-55 BACCD 文章讲述了一位习惯固定散步路线的纽约居民，通过观察邻居Nell的花园，感受到自然与生活的联系。某天发现Nell不再打理花园，后来得知她搬家了，作者由此反思：我们种植的不仅是为当下，更是为未来的人。文章主题围绕“传承与分享”展开，强调人与自然、人与人之间的联结。 41. occasionally偶尔地constantly不断地，频繁地barely几乎不temporarily暂时地 根据首句I’m a creature of habit，说明作者是习惯性的人，路线应barely：几乎不变化。 42. part部分，角色joy喜悦steps脚步，步骤risks风险 句意为在散步时，我享受其他园艺爱好者种下的植物。take joy in表示从……中获得乐趣。 43. treasure珍视，珍惜plant种植design设计tend照料 句意为在所有的景色中，我认为我最treasure珍视Nell的花园。强调情感上的重视，而不是种植或设计行为。 44. fingers手指fists拳头arms手臂knees膝盖 句意为每天早上我经过Nell时，她正跪在膝盖上对大自然表示敬意。on her knees固定搭配，意为跪着，符合Nell跪在地上照料花的场景。 45. chat聊天compete竞争cheer欢呼play玩耍 句意为街上的其他女士在咖啡时间做什么？chat over coffee break是日常生活中常见的表达，意为在咖啡休息时间聊天。符合语境中其他女士在社交的描写。 46. fear恐惧amazement惊讶advance前进silence沉默 句意为Nell以某种方式与她的花交流。前文提到她showing respect for Mother Nature，说明她行为虔诚、安静，因此in silence沉默地最贴合情境。 47. flew飞、疾驰stared凝视blew吹went去 句意为她坐在门廊上，发呆地看着前方。stared off into space是固定搭配，意为目光呆滞地望着远方，符合Nell神情恍惚的状态。 48. harvesting收获packing打包travelling旅行moving搬家、迁徙 句意为她说我们正在…… 根据后文the house sat vacant，说明Nell要搬家，因此moving最准确。 49. sadness悲伤confusion困惑sympathy同情madness疯狂 句意为现在我也加入了她的…… 后文写作者对Nell离去的失落和感慨，情绪基调是悲伤，因此sadness最贴切。 50. screaming尖叫dropping掉落nodding点头kicking踢 句意为花头随着我的脚步点头。nodding in time to my footfalls意为随着我的脚步点头，形象地描写了花随风摇曳的样子，富有诗意。 51. unused未使用的unattended无人照料的unchanged未改变的unexpected未预料的 句意为花园被无人照料。Nell不再打理花园，因此unattended最准确。 52. pulled up停下、停车drove away开车离开passed by经过settled down安定下来 句意为一辆搬家的皮卡车停在车道上。pull up表示停车，符合搬家车辆到门口的场景。 53. genuine真诚的humble谦逊的curious好奇的sensitive敏感的 句意为一个朋友好奇地问…… asked, “Why did you go through all that effort? ... ”说明朋友对作者的举动感到不解，因此curious最合理。 54. taken away带走run after追逐left behind留下、遗落wondered at感到惊奇 句意为她会享受我留下的花。left behind表示留下的，符合作者种花留给别人享用的意思。 55. country国家block街区garden花园ocean海洋 句意为我希望在大洋彼岸也有一个女人在种花。后文提到作者要搬到英国，所以across the ocean表示跨过海洋最恰当。 第二节 56. Covering 57. the 58. were 59. to increase 60. is designed 61. and 62. populations 63. eventually 64. as 65. that 56．句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。cover和逻辑主语the GPNP是主谓关系，应用现在分词，此处作状语，故填Covering。 57．句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。此处是倍数的表达法，其结构是：倍数+ the size of +比较成分。故填the。 58．句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，先行词为a significant number of areas，在从句中作主语，根据previously可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，故填were。 59．句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。此处作目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。 60．句意：GPNP旨在体现保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产的指导原则。此处是谓语动词，和主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语是the GPNP，故填is designed。 61．句意：GPNP旨在体现保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产的指导原则。前后用了preserving、protecting和leaving相同的形式，属于并列关系，应用and。故填and。 62．句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。此处和homes并列作宾语，应用population (种群，物种) 的复数的形式。故填populations。 63．句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。此处应用副词修饰动词achieve，作状语，故填eventually。 64．句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。serve as 固定短语，充当。故填as。 65．句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。live within the Giant Panda Range 是限制性定语从句，先行词为 the species，在从句中作指物的主语，因先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 第四部分 写作 第一节 范文一 Dear Ryan, I’m Li Hua. I don’t think it’s a good idea to pair students randomly for after-class oral English training. This is because they may feel uncomfortable or lack motivation if students are paired with those they don’t get along well with or have difficulty communicating with. My suggestion is that students should be grouped based on their language abilities, or they can choose their own partners. It would be perfect if students of different levels are grouped together so that we can help each other during the practice. I would be more than happy if you could consider my suggestions. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 范文二 Dear Ryan, I’m Li Hua from Class 3. We’re overwhelmed with excitement at the knowledge that an oral English class will be arranged for us. But learning that we’ll be randomly paired to do the oral practice, I feel an urge to express my different voice, hoping that this wouldn’t offend you. To begin with, it couldn’t be better if students with mixed levels of English could be grouped together deliberately rather than at random, so that we can help each other during our practice. Additionally, to ensure that our oral practice goes smoothly, I suggest that you put three to four students together, with one as the group leader, in which case we can communicate with each other at a great depth. Should it be possible, I truly hope you can take my suggestions into consideration. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 写作思路： 建议信(对外教分组安排的意见和建议)： 1介绍写信的目的：表达对外教随机挑选两人分组的意见； 2说明存在的问题：随机挑选两人一组，不利于共同进步； 3提出建议：①不同口语水平的学生搭配；②多人一组，选出组长。 写作需注意： 1人称：第一人称：介绍自己的想法时；第二人称：关于分组的建议。 2时态：一般现在时，陈述意见和提出建议时。 第二节 故事梗概 越野跑那天，来自小镇周边的七所小学的学生们正在热身，身体残疾的 David独自待在篱笆旁。原来教练担心其他学校的孩子会嘲笑他，就让他选择参加与否，他选择放弃比赛。他虽患有脑疾，但是他的同学将他视为正常的孩子。无论同学们在做什么，他总是尽自己最大的能力参与其中。 续写思路 根据续写第一段首句可确定第一段的写作思路—面对David不愿看我一眼的情况，我是如何和他交流的?我说服他了吗?他是否决定参加比赛? 根据续写第二段首句可确定第二段的写作思路—走路不便的David是否克服了困难?在比赛中发生了什么事?他最后取得胜利了吗?同学们对他的态度怎么样? 范文一 We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. I quietly said, “David, if you don’t want to run today, no one is going to make you do. But if you’re not running because you’re afraid someone is going to laugh, that’s not a good enough reason. There will always be someone who will laugh and say mean words. There are people like that, and that’s just the way it is. The real question is whether you are going to let those few people stop you from doing something you really want to do. Are you going to let them get in your way? If you really want to run, David, then you run!” I held my breath as David took this in. Then he looked at the field and said with fierce but quiet determination, “I’m gonna run.” I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. The starter’s gun sounded, and David lurched forward with the other children. But he had only gone a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on the ground. My heart sank. As I started to shout encouragement, other voices around me appeared too. David picked himself up and started again. This was David’s run. He had worked for it, and he wouldn’t give up! At last, he raised his arms in triumph as he crossed the finish line to wild cheers and applause. At the end of the year, the track coach asked the class to nominate one of their classmates for the athletic award for their grade. Without hesitation the whole class voted for David, saying that no one had worked harder for that award than he. 范文二 We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me. I said gently and quietly, “No one can change your mind, except yourself. If you desire to challenge yourself, there is nothing to do with others’ thoughts.” He sat still with a deep breath. “You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason why you show up here”, I added with a sincere tone. Hearing my words, David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run. His coach heard what David said and gave me a look—the kind that was more determined than anyone else’s. I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. The race started. It seemed that the runway was extremely long for young children, not to mention a child with a heart disease. David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses, though he was tripped over within the a few kilometers. It didn't take long before he picked himself up again and continued his mission. Classmates all appeared on the racing track, cheering for him. “Come on! You can make it! We are proud of you!” they shouted enthusiastically. To everyone’s joy, he reached the final line and ranked the 20th. It was no more important whether he won the first place or not. It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$