定语从句 导学案-2025-2026学年初高中英语衔接复习专项

( ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) 定语从句（Attributive Clause） 课前预习 一、定义 定语从句 在复合句中，修饰名词和代词的从句。 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词/引导词 引导定语从句的词。 eg. I like the girl who is beautiful and cute. 划线部分是定语从句；先行词是the girl, 引导词是who. 二、分类：限制性与非限制性 I have been married to the man whom you met last night. 限制性定语从句 I have been married to a man, whom you met last night. 非限制性定语从句 The boy is always absent-minded, which makes his mother anxious to know what to do. 区别：1) 标点：非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开。 2) 含义：限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语；非限制性定语从句只是附加说明，若去掉主句意思仍然清楚。 3) 引导词的指代范围。 3、 引导词： (一) 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose 1. that指代的先行词可以是人或物，that在从句中作主、宾或表语： eg. I like the book (that) my teacher chose for me . 我喜欢老师给我选的那本书。 The boy that is playing table tennis is our team leader. 正在打乒乓球的那个男孩是我们的组长。 He is no longer the person that he used to be after winning ten thousand pounds. 2. which指代的先行词可以是物或前面整个句子，which在作从句的主语或宾语： eg. There are many flowers which don't need much water in our school. The dictionary (which) my father bought for me is very useful to me. 我爸爸给我买的词典非常有用。 He has made great contributions to the science of physics, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize . 他在物理学上作出了巨大的贡献, 正因如此2009年他被授予诺贝尔奖。 3. who/whom指代的先行词是人。who在从句中作主语、宾语、表语；whom作宾语、表语用。 eg. The teacher who trained me yesterday is Mr. Wang. 昨天培训我的是王老师。 The girl whom I talked with just now dreams of studying in Beijing. 4. whose指代的先行词可以是人也可是物。whose在从句中作定语, 表示所属关系。 eg. He is the boy whose father is a doctor. 他是那个父亲是医生的男孩。 I can’t forget their classroom whose roof is full of stars . = I can’t forget their classroom, the roof of which is full of stars. 我忘不了天花板上贴满了星星的教室。 注意： as 也可以引导定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，要牢记相关的固定结构。 1. the same...as...与the same...that区别 2. such...as 与such...that 区别 3. 在引导非限制性定语从句时，与which 的区别： 1) as 可置于主句前，主句后或主句中； which 只能用于主句后。 As we all know, /As is known to all, smoking is harmful to our health. Smoking is harmful to our health, as is known to all. Smoking, as is known to all, is harmful to our health. 2) as “正如 ”; which 含义“这一点”. 3) as常见固定搭配： as is said, as is known, as is announced, as is reported, as is mentioned, as is expected；as is often the case; as sb put(s) it; as it turn(s) out; 等。 Grammar, as has been said before, is not a set of dead rules. => 特别注意： 1. 用that 不用 which 的情况。 1）先行词为all, few, much, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时； All that must be done has been done. There is little that I can do for you. 2) 先行词被 all, little, much, some, no, every, any 修饰时； There is little work that you can do. 3) 当先行词被最高级，序数词以及 the few, the very, the only, the last修饰时； That's the only thing that we can do now. This is the best novel that I have ever read. 4) 先行词既有人又有物时； My father and his teacher talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 5) 当主语是以 which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时； Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night? Who is the woman that shook hands with you just now? 2. 用which不用that的情况。 指物，在介词后或引导非限制性定语从句时 I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the army. Beijing, which is the capital of China , has a very long history. （三）关系副词：when, where, why, 在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。 1. when 指时间： I still remember the day when（on which）I first came to Beijing. 2. where 指地点或虚拟地点( activity, atmosphere, business, career, case, circumstance, job, letter, position, point, situation, scene, system , stage…)： This is the house where（in which）I lived two years ago. I like the atmosphere where everyone is willing to share ideas with each other freely. 3. why 指原因： The reason why/for which he was late is that the car broke down on the way. 课中讲解 Task 1：What is the role/function of the words marked red? 1. God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助之。 2. He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。 3. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 4. A man who neglects his studies in youth will regret it in later years. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 Task 2: first, Read the sentences below and find out the words introducing attributive clauses and what they refer to. (关系词和先行词）Then, think about What these relative pronouns act as in relative clauses?(主语，宾语，状语） Group 1: 1.Tom is the person who you talked with on the bus. 2.Please pass me the book whose cover is green. Group 2: 3.This novel, which I have read three times is very interesting. 4.The woman whom you met in the street is Kate. Group 3: 5.The city where I grew up is beautiful. 6.My sister, who is a doctor, has been working in a hospital for ten years. Group 4: 7.This is the room where he lived last year. 8.Do you know the date when Tom was born? Group 5: 9.Here are the things that you put back. 10.That’s reason why I wrote to him. Summary 分类 关系词 指代对象 在从句中的作用 关系代词 who 指人 作主语、宾语、表语 whom whose that which as 指人或物 作主语、宾语、表语 关系副词 when 作时间状语 where why Task 3: Discuss how to choose proper relative pronouns to introduce attributive clauses Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: ... 易混关系代词辨析 （一）that 和 which 的用法辦析 1.用that 的情况 （1）先行词是 all、much、little、few、something、anything、everything、none、nothing 等不定代词时。 （2）先行词有 the only、the same、the very、any、every、no、all、few、little、much 等词修饰时。 （3）主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 （4）先行词既有人又有物时。 （5）先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时 2. 用 which 的情况 （1）在非限制性定语从句中。 （2）介词后用which，不用that。 Task 4: Finish the following sentences with proper relative pronouns. 1.The third place we are going to visit is Hangzhou. 2.They are talking about things and people they knew in high school. 3.Is that the reason you are in favor of the idea? 4.After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling, turned out to be a wise decision. 5.One day John, lived in a big house, wrote a letter to his friend Jack, inviting him for a visit. Homework Level 1: 用适当的关系词填空 1. He asked a question ___________ had nothing to do with his lesson. 2. He asked a question _____________ I couldn’t answer. 3. The girl ________________ I called is my sister. 4. The girl _________ called me is my sister. 5. The room ______ window faces south is my office. 6. I want to see the girl ______ name is Mary. 7. Simon is a comedian and actor ________ has 10 years experience of researching comedy. Level 2: 高考链接 2024年新高考I卷：T64 2022年新高考I卷：T10 1.（2024年新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ____59____ (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time. These plants included modern Western ____62____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____65_____ (rich) of gardening in England. 2.（2022年新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___1___ (cover)an area about three times ___2___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___3___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___4___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___5___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___6___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___7___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___8___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve ___9___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____10_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. ( 2 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ ( ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) 定语从句（Attributive Clause） 课前预习 一、定义 定语从句 在复合句中，修饰名词和代词的从句。 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词/引导词 引导定语从句的词。 eg. I like the girl who is beautiful and cute. 划线部分是定语从句；先行词是the girl, 引导词是who. 二、分类：限制性与非限制性 I have been married to the man whom you met last night. 限制性定语从句 I have been married to a man, whom you met last night. 非限制性定语从句 The boy is always absent-minded, which makes his mother anxious to know what to do. 区别：1) 标点：非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开。 2) 含义：限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语；非限制性定语从句只是附加说明，若去掉主句意思仍然清楚。 3) 引导词的指代范围。 3、 引导词： (一) 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose 1. that指代的先行词可以是人或物，that在从句中作主、宾或表语： eg. I like the book (that) my teacher chose for me . 我喜欢老师给我选的那本书。 The boy that is playing table tennis is our team leader. 正在打乒乓球的那个男孩是我们的组长。 He is no longer the person that he used to be after winning ten thousand pounds. 2. which指代的先行词可以是物或前面整个句子，which在作从句的主语或宾语： eg. There are many flowers which don't need much water in our school. The dictionary (which) my father bought for me is very useful to me. 我爸爸给我买的词典非常有用。 He has made great contributions to the science of physics, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize . 他在物理学上作出了巨大的贡献, 正因如此2009年他被授予诺贝尔奖。 3. who/whom指代的先行词是人。who在从句中作主语、宾语、表语；whom作宾语、表语用。 eg. The teacher who trained me yesterday is Mr. Wang. 昨天培训我的是王老师。 The girl whom I talked with just now dreams of studying in Beijing. 4. whose指代的先行词可以是人也可是物。whose在从句中作定语, 表示所属关系。 eg. He is the boy whose father is a doctor. 他是那个父亲是医生的男孩。 I can’t forget their classroom whose roof is full of stars . = I can’t forget their classroom, the roof of which is full of stars. 我忘不了天花板上贴满了星星的教室。 注意： as 也可以引导定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，要牢记相关的固定结构。 1. the same...as...与the same...that区别 2. such...as 与such...that 区别 3. 在引导非限制性定语从句时，与which 的区别： 1) as 可置于主句前，主句后或主句中； which 只能用于主句后。 As we all know, /As is known to all, smoking is harmful to our health. Smoking is harmful to our health, as is known to all. Smoking, as is known to all, is harmful to our health. 2) as “正如 ”; which 含义“这一点”. 3) as常见固定搭配： as is said, as is known, as is announced, as is reported, as is mentioned, as is expected；as is often the case; as sb put(s) it; as it turn(s) out; 等。 Grammar, as has been said before, is not a set of dead rules. => 特别注意： 1. 用that 不用 which 的情况。 1）先行词为all, few, much, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时； All that must be done has been done. There is little that I can do for you. 2) 先行词被 all, little, much, some, no, every, any 修饰时； There is little work that you can do. 3) 当先行词被最高级，序数词以及 the few, the very, the only, the last修饰时； That's the only thing that we can do now. This is the best novel that I have ever read. 4) 先行词既有人又有物时； My father and his teacher talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 5) 当主语是以 which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时； Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night? Who is the woman that shook hands with you just now? 2. 用which不用that的情况。 指物，在介词后或引导非限制性定语从句时 I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the army. Beijing, which is the capital of China , has a very long history. （三）关系副词：when, where, why, 在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。 1. when 指时间： I still remember the day when（on which）I first came to Beijing. 2. where 指地点或虚拟地点( activity, atmosphere, business, career, case, circumstance, job, letter, position, point, situation, scene, system , stage…)： This is the house where（in which）I lived two years ago. I like the atmosphere where everyone is willing to share ideas with each other freely. 3. why 指原因： The reason why/for which he was late is that the car broke down on the way. 课中讲解 Task 1：What is the role/function of the words marked red? 1. God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助之。 2. He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。 3. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 4. A man who neglects his studies in youth will regret it in later years. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 Task 2: first, Read the sentences below and find out the words introducing attributive clauses and what they refer to. (关系词和先行词）Then, think about What these relative pronouns act as in relative clauses?(主语，宾语，状语） Group 1: 1.Tom is the person who you talked with on the bus. 2.Please pass me the book whose cover is green. Group 2: 3.This novel, which I have read three times is very interesting. 4.The woman whom you met in the street is Kate. Group 3: 5.The city where I grew up is beautiful. 6.My sister, who is a doctor, has been working in a hospital for ten years. Group 4: 7.This is the room where he lived last year. 8.Do you know the date when Tom was born? Group 5: 9.Here are the things that you put back. 10.That’s reason why I wrote to him. Summary 分类 关系词 指代对象 在从句中的作用 关系代词 who 指人 作主语、宾语、表语 whom 指人 作宾语 whose 指人或物 作定语 that 指人或物 作主语、宾语、表语 which 指物 作主语、宾语、表语 as 指人或物 作主语、宾语、表语 关系副词 when 指时间 作时间状语 where 指地点 作地点状语 why 指原因 作原因状语 Task 3: Discuss how to choose proper relative pronouns to introduce attributive clauses Step 1: 先判定哪个是定语从句； Step 2: 找到先行词，看先行词在从句中充当哪种成分； Step 3: 根据关系词的应用原则，选择合适的关系代词或关系副词。 ( who/whom ) ( which/that ) ( that/who ) ( whose ) ( that/which ) 易混关系代词辨析 （一）that 和 which 的用法辦析 1.用that 的情况 （1）先行词是 all、much、little、few、something、anything、everything、none、nothing 等不定代词时。 （2）先行词有 the only、the same、the very、any、every、no、all、few、little、much 等词修饰时。 （3）主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 （4）先行词既有人又有物时。 （5）先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时 2. 用 which 的情况 （1）在非限制性定语从句中。 （2）介词后用which，不用that。 Task 4: Finish the following sentences with proper relative pronouns. 1.The third place that we are going to visit is Hangzhou. 2.They are talking about things and people that they knew in high school. 3.Is that the reason why you are in favor of the idea? 4.After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling,which turned out to be a wise decision. 5.One day John,who lived in a big house, wrote a letter to his friend Jack, inviting him for a visit. Homework Level 1: 用适当的关系词填空 1. He asked a question  which / that had nothing to do with his lesson. 2. He asked a question which / that I couldn’t answer. 3. The girl whom / that I called is my sister. 4. The girl  who / that called me is my sister. 5. The room whose window faces south is my office. 6. I want to see the girl whose name is Mary. 7. Simon is a comedian and actor who / that has 10 years experience of researching comedy. Level 2: 高考链接 2024年新高考I卷：T64 【64题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 2022年新高考I卷：T65 【65题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子可知，空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。 ( 2 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$