Unit 1 People of achievement 非限制性定语从句及 as 的用法 学案- 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

( 单元核心语法·精练 ) 选必一 Unit 1 People of achievement （非限制性定语从句& as 的用法） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、限制性与非限制性定语从句的核心区别 用法介绍 定语从句按与先行词的关系紧密程度分为限制性和非限制性两类，二者在形式、功能、关系词使用等方面存在明显差异，需结合语境区分。 对比维度 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式特征 主句与从句之间无逗号分隔 主句与从句之间用逗号分隔 功能作用 修饰限定先行词，不可或缺（去掉句意不完整） 补充说明先行词或整个主句，可省略（句意仍完整） 修饰对象 仅修饰名词或代词 可修饰名词、代词或整个主句 翻译方式 先译从句，译为 “…… 的 + 先行词” 先译主句，再译从句，分译为两个分句 关系词使用 可用 that；关系词作宾语时可省略 不可用 that；所有关系词均不可省略 注意事项 1. 逗号的标志性：逗号是区分两类从句的关键，非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开（如错误：The book which I read yesterday is good. 若为非限制性，需加逗号：The book, which I read yesterday, is good.）。 2. that 的禁用：非限制性定语从句中绝对不能用 that，需用 which（指物）、who（指人）等（如错误：She lives in Paris that is a beautiful city. 正确：She lives in Paris, which is a beautiful city.）。 3. 修饰整个主句的情况：非限制性定语从句可指代前文整句话，此时关系词多为 which 或 as（如 He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.）。 二、as 引导定语从句的用法 用法介绍 as 作为关系代词可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，需根据固定搭配或语境判断适用场景。 从句类型 适用结构 / 语境 示例 限制性定语从句 用于 such...as, the same...as 等固定搭配 She has such a good memory as few people have.（她的记忆力好得很少有人能比得上。） This is the same watch as I lost.（这和我丢失的那块手表一样。） 非限制性定语从句 指代主句内容，可置于句首、句中或句末 He is fond of music, as is clear from his hobbies.（他喜欢音乐，这从他的爱好中可以清楚地看出。）（置于句末） 注意事项 1. 与 which 的区别：as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首，which 不可（如正确：As is reported, the project will be completed. 错误：Which is reported, the project will be completed.）。 2. 固定搭配的不可替代性：such...as 中 as 不可换为 that（如错误：She has such a good memory that few people have. 正确：She has such a good memory as few people have.）。 3. 成分完整性：as 在从句中需充当主语、宾语或表语，不可仅起连接作用（如错误：He succeeded, as we were glad. 正确：He succeeded, which made us glad. 此处 as 无法作成分，需用 which）。 一、语法填空 1．（24-25高二上·四川成都·期中）My favorite comedian is Charlie Chaplin, unique way of performing and classic works have brought joy and happiness to the whole world. （用适当的词填空） 2．（24-25高二上·广东揭阳·期中） is known to all, anyone who breaks the rules should be punished. (用适当的词填空) 3．（24-25高二上·广东茂名·期中）Seeing the photo, she couldn’t resist (think) of her grandmother, with she had spent many wonderful days in her childhood. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）If we compare youth to flowers, the young volunteers are the most beautiful ones, without the world would be too cold to live in. (用适当的词填空) 5．（24-25高二上·广东惠州·期中）We will always remember the moment, my classmate Li Chong crossed the finishing line. (用适当的词填空) 6．（24-25高二上·广东东莞·期中）Eliandro Libania, a Brazilian judo (柔道) black belt coach, has found a unique bond with Beijing, he has lived for the past five years. (用适当的词填空) 7．（24-25高二上·北京·期中）The little baby was always throwing small things away around his house, made his parents crazy. (用适当的词填空) 8．（24-25高二上·福建厦门·阶段练习）Participants, most of are middle school students, will meet at the Olympic forest park. (用适当的词填空) 9．（23-24高二上·广东湛江·期中）He has three sons, one of is an engineer. (用适当的词填空) 10．（24-25高二上·福建·期中） the chart shows, there has been a steady increase in the number of users over the past year, indicating the success of our marketing campaign. (用适当的词填空) 11．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）In our class there are 46 students, one-third of wear glasses. (用适当的词填空) 12．（24-25高二上·广东揭阳·期中）When foreigners talk about the cities of China, the first of comes to their minds is Beijing. (用适当的词填空) 13．（24-25高二上·广东惠州·期中）I am grateful to my teacher, encouragement and support helped me discover my potential. (用适当的词填空) 14．（24-25高二上·福建漳州·期中）Our class is a big family consisting of 50 students, most of are from the countryside. (用适当的词填空) 15．（24-25高二上·福建漳州·期中）The latest weather-tracking computer programs give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, saves many lives. (用适当的词填空) 二、完成句子 1. （24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）正如你能想象到的那样，我们马上就要迎来寒假！ you can , we will have winter holiday soon! 2. （24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）那位不服输的老人给我们留下了深刻的印象。 We were very impressed by the old man, was not willing to acknowledge . 3. （23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）众所周知，庆祝国家节日是为了激发人们赏鉴传统文化的兴趣。(非限制性定语从句) , the purpose of celebrating a national festival is appreciating traditional culture. 4. （24-25高二上·广东汕头·期中）我已经推荐了我的朋友王明，他是最适合取代我的职位的朋友之一。（用非限制性定语从句） I recommend my friend, Wang Ming, is one of the most friends to take my place. 5. （21-22高二上·浙江宁波·期中）The number of smokers, , has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.（非限制性定语从句） 正如所报道的那样，仅仅一年的时间，吸烟者的数量下降了17%。 6. （22-23高二上·广东惠州·期中）大厅里有50把椅子，绝大部分是新的。 There are 50 chairs in the hall, are new. 7. （21-22高二上·广东汕头·期中）上周我通过了考试，那是极其重要的考试。 Last week I passed the examination， . 8. （21-22高二上·广东汕头·期中）很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追寻自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 Many young people, were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 9. （22-23高二上·福建莆田·期中）他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。 He had a thick moustache and long white hair, sometimes stood on end though he had just received an electric shock. 10. （23-24高二上·福建福州·期末）Indeed, his slim strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to he had devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯 ，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （22-23高二上·全国·单元测试）Finding Home “I hate New Orleans! I wanna go home!” I 1 to my mother as we moved boxes. 2 going home was not easy because my home was 1,100 miles away. I was born and 3 in northern Virginia. Virginia was my home, and I never expected that to 4 In 2014, my family experienced a tragedy, so my parents decided to move to my mom’s hometown of New Orleans. Only three months after my parents made the 5 to move I found myself moving boxes into our new house. My announcement to my mother that I 6 the new environment was partly motivated by how hot it was, but it was mostly due to the fact that I felt like my entire life had been turned upside down 1,100 miles away from everyone and everything I had ever known, I was 7 . To make matters worse, I was starting high school in two weeks. Beginning high school is a scary 8 on its own. I spent my first few months in New Orleans, 9 wanting to go home to Virginia. But after a few months of missing home, I 10 that I had a choice. I could continue thinking about how much I missed my old home, 11 I could start trying to build a new home right here. I chose the latter. As soon as I stopped giving all my 12 to how much I missed Virginia I was able to begin accepting the love that people were already giving me. I joined some clubs at school, which gave me the chance to make friends. My neighbor taught me how to cook some New Orleans food, and I found a wonderful 13 of fellow cooks and neighbors. Overall, I seized every possible opportunity to 14 myself and to rebuild my life. Because of my resilience (适应力) in creating a new home for myself and the 15 that people have shown to me, home is right here. 1. A．announced B．replied C．insisted D．pointed 2. A．Therefore B．Instead C．However D．Besides 3. A．evaluated B．raised C．promoted D．fed 4. A．develop B．continue C．obtain D．change 5. A．attempt B．suggestion C．excuse D．decision 6. A．preferred B．missed C．hated D．imagined 7. A．surprised B．frightened C．delighted D．relieved 8. A．performance B．activity C．presentation D．experience 9. A．partly B．badly C．slightly D．gradually 10. A．realized B．remembered C．inferred D．complained 11. A．and B．but C．or D．so 12. A．attention B．patience C．trust D．confidence 13. A．generation B．community C．race D．school 14. A．teach B．accept C．judge D．better 15. A．belief B．freedom C．love D．interest Passage 2 （22-23高三上·江苏南通·期中）Praise for Pioneers in Science In memory of Marie Curie on her birthday on Saturday, the official website of the Nobel Prize posted a photograph of her notebook saying. “Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work. Even today her laboratory notebook from 1899-1902, is 1 and will be for 1.500 years.” The tales of Marie and other scientists of her time are in some sense very 2 . Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-ray in 1895. A year later, Antoine Henri Becquerel found that some natural substances 3 rays, too. Later, Marie and her physicist husband, Pierre Curie, gave it a(n) 4 , radioactivity. However, the 5 effects of radioactivity were not discovered until decades later. Marie and her 6 scientists dealt with radioactive substances for decades using little or no protection. Marie’s death is a reminder about the risks pioneers in science 7 . It was only after people handling radioactive substances began to get similar 8 that medical experts asked people to use protection. Today, medical health workers and patients wear heavy protective 9 during X-rays. It is almost 10 that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers. There is a(n) 11 for better protection for the pioneers, but that is not possible until the dangers are fully known. For example, the space suits astronauts wear 12 them against radiation. However, only 13 will tell if there are some other unknown dangers. The contributions and sacrifices by such pioneers to the field of science are 14 and deserving of our respect. Because the pioneers not only 15 new frontiers, but also help us better protect ourselves from unknown surroundings. 1. A．extraordinary B．radioactive C．protective D．creative 2. A．tragic B．inspirational C．romantic D．meaningful 3. A．blocked B．absorbed C．reflected D．emitted 4. A．privilege B．name C．notice D．identity 5. A．scientific B．novel C．sensitive D．harmful 6. A．contemporary B．conservative C．curious D．cautious 7. A．deliver B．relieve C．undertake D．generate 8. A．rewards B．warnings C．diseases D．titles 9. A．glasses B．gloves C．shoes D．covers 10. A．odd B．inevitable C．critical D．intimidating 11. A．focus B．evolution C．demand D．breakthrough 12. A．protect B．fight C．warn D．forbid 13. A．space B．time C．technology D．history 14. A．unmatched B．uplifting C．glorious D．concrete 15. A．extend B．proceed C．mount D．explore Passage 3 （23-24高二上·云南昆明·阶段练习）Zhao Ming was acknowledged as one of the greatest doctors for his remarkable contributions to TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine). It was reported that he suffered from different 1 when he was young. His own sufferings inspired him to be a 2 . Even in tough circumstances, he wasn’t 3 but became a doctor successfully in 1920, insisting on 4 poor ordinary people free of charge. One day, he 5 a patient with little hair. Upon knowing his illness, he consulted ancient medical records and started to evaluate different plants for their medical properties to find a traditional 6 treatment. He bought medical devices which could boil distinct plants. He used the liquid 7 to treat his hair, which 8 a great success. Consequently, he inferred that a substance called Garden Balsam Stem (透骨草) 9 worked. Afterwards it was indeed an honor for him to take up a position in the academic 10 of TCM. Out of passion for his job, he 11 his own clinic and gradually discovered new crucial 12 for different skin problems. In his later years, he wrote a book with many flow charts, which plays a 13 role in the development of modern TCM. To sum up, Professor Zhao, 14 himself to doing extraordinary scientific research on TCM throughout his whole life, will be forever 15 by Chinese people. 1. A．evaluations B．diseases C．theories D．devices 2. A．genius B．politician C．doctor D．novelist 3. A．ignored B．signaled C．permitted D．defeated 4. A．treating B．analyzing C．maintaining D．inferring 5. A．indicated B．judged C．encountered D．pursued 6. A．gentle B．botanical C．objective D．moral 7. A．obtained B．reflected C．drafted D．recycled 8. A．took up B．figured out C．tripped over D．turned out 9. A．externally B．financially C．apparently D．shallowly 10. A．element B．institution C．conclusion D．option 11. A．decorated B．monitored C．spotted D．founded 12. A．cures B．resources C．patents D．consequences 13. A．flexible B．vital C．passive D．precious 14. A．addicting B．adapting C．committing D．seeking 15. A．complained B．impressed C．replaced D．respected 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once noticed his mother turning the wheel of her sewing machine with her hand. “Won't it work quickly if a machine 1 (turn) the wheel for you?” he asked. “I suppose it will,” said his mother, without paying any attention to him. Christopher knew she always had a lot of work and that she was 2 stubborn that he could hardly do anything to change 3 (she)mind. But he wanted to help. In his bedroom there was a toy steam engine 4 (buy) by his father as a gift to him. “I will make better use of it,” little Christopher said to himself. So, when his mother was not using her sewing machine, he decided to fix the toy steam engine onto it. When he finished 5 (do) it, he was quite pleased, thinking his mother would like it. “Very clever,” his mother said when she saw it. But then she sat down and went on turning the wheel 6 hand. “I 7 (work) like this for too many years,” she explained. Christopher felt very 8 (disappoint). He couldn't understand his mother's 9 (behave). This taught Christopher a lesson, 10 made him depressed for several days. It is what anyone who tries to improve anything has to learn: many people don't like new ideas. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）语法填空 Many great people in the world commit themselves to 1 (improve) society in their own ways. For example, Jane Goodall, a woman from Britain, would rather spend time studying chimps (黑猩猩) in the wild in Africa than lead 2 comfortable life. For 40 years she has been outspoken (直率的) in making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of chimps. Lin Qiaozhi, a 3 (special) in women’s diseases, is another woman who has made remarkable achievements. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi,tired after a day’s work,went late at night 4 (deliver) a baby for a poor family, 5 could not pay her. It was because of her hard work and great 6 (consider) for her patients 7 tens of thousands of babies were delivered 8 (safe) by her. A third example is Yuan Longping, the first 9 (agriculture) pioneer in the world to grow hybrid rice. Using his hybrid rice, farmers 10 (produce) many more harvests in the past few decades. Therefore, now the UN has more scientific tools in the battle against hunger in the world. In short, so impressive is their work that they all deserve praising and learning from. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）语法填空 Albert Einstein, 1 is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the 2 (smart) men who ever lived. He made numerous 3 (contribution) to the world. He was born in Germany on 14 March 1879, entered university in 1896 and graduated in 1900. While 4 (work) in the Swiss patent office, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, 5 (earn) a doctorate in physics in 1905. 6 (gradual), he became famous throughout the world. In 1922, he 7 (award) the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. To the public, he was seen as 8 slightly odd­looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair. Despite his peculiarities, he 9 (love) by his friends and neighbours. 10 18 April 1955, he passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. Passage 4 （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）语法填空 Tu Youyou was awarded with Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2015, because she has discovered artemisinin, which 1 (use) as a crucial new treatment for malaria to save millions of people. Born in Ningbo, China, she graduated 2 Peking University Medical School in 1955. She was among the first researchers 3 (choose) for the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria. At first, she went to Hainan because there were more malaria 4 (patient). When she headed the project in 1969, she decided to find traditional 5 (botany) treatments for the disease, so her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts and evaluated 280, 000 plants, from 6 they tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. Though Tu’s team tested dried wormwood leaves and tried the liquid obtained by 7 (boil) fresh wormwood, they failed in vain. However, Tu didn’t acknowledge defeat and analysed the medical texts again, finding a new way 8 (treat) the wormwood. After failing over 190 times, the team 9 (final) succeeded in 1971. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. Tu owed the honor to the efforts of a team and she felt it 10 honor to spread traditional Chinese medicine around the world. ( 乐思英语 ) 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ ( 单元核心语法·精练 ) 选必一 Unit 1 People of achievement （非限制性定语从句& as 的用法） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、限制性与非限制性定语从句的核心区别 用法介绍 定语从句按与先行词的关系紧密程度分为限制性和非限制性两类，二者在形式、功能、关系词使用等方面存在明显差异，需结合语境区分。 对比维度 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式特征 主句与从句之间无逗号分隔 主句与从句之间用逗号分隔 功能作用 修饰限定先行词，不可或缺（去掉句意不完整） 补充说明先行词或整个主句，可省略（句意仍完整） 修饰对象 仅修饰名词或代词 可修饰名词、代词或整个主句 翻译方式 先译从句，译为 “…… 的 + 先行词” 先译主句，再译从句，分译为两个分句 关系词使用 可用 that；关系词作宾语时可省略 不可用 that；所有关系词均不可省略 注意事项 1. 逗号的标志性：逗号是区分两类从句的关键，非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开（如错误：The book which I read yesterday is good. 若为非限制性，需加逗号：The book, which I read yesterday, is good.）。 2. that 的禁用：非限制性定语从句中绝对不能用 that，需用 which（指物）、who（指人）等（如错误：She lives in Paris that is a beautiful city. 正确：She lives in Paris, which is a beautiful city.）。 3. 修饰整个主句的情况：非限制性定语从句可指代前文整句话，此时关系词多为 which 或 as（如 He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.）。 二、as 引导定语从句的用法 用法介绍 as 作为关系代词可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，需根据固定搭配或语境判断适用场景。 从句类型 适用结构 / 语境 示例 限制性定语从句 用于 such...as, the same...as 等固定搭配 She has such a good memory as few people have.（她的记忆力好得很少有人能比得上。） This is the same watch as I lost.（这和我丢失的那块手表一样。） 非限制性定语从句 指代主句内容，可置于句首、句中或句末 He is fond of music, as is clear from his hobbies.（他喜欢音乐，这从他的爱好中可以清楚地看出。）（置于句末） 注意事项 1. 与 which 的区别：as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首，which 不可（如正确：As is reported, the project will be completed. 错误：Which is reported, the project will be completed.）。 2. 固定搭配的不可替代性：such...as 中 as 不可换为 that（如错误：She has such a good memory that few people have. 正确：She has such a good memory as few people have.）。 3. 成分完整性：as 在从句中需充当主语、宾语或表语，不可仅起连接作用（如错误：He succeeded, as we were glad. 正确：He succeeded, which made us glad. 此处 as 无法作成分，需用 which）。 一、语法填空 1．（24-25高二上·四川成都·期中）My favorite comedian is Charlie Chaplin, unique way of performing and classic works have brought joy and happiness to the whole world. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我最喜欢的喜剧演员是查理·卓别林，他独特的表演方式和经典作品给全世界带来了欢乐和幸福。此处缺少非限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是Charlie Chaplin，定语从句缺少定语修饰名词way，Charlie Chaplin和way之间是所属关系，应使用关系代词whose。故填whose。 2．（24-25高二上·广东揭阳·期中） is known to all, anyone who breaks the rules should be punished. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，任何违反规则的人都应该受到惩罚。空处放在开头，表示“正如”，引导逗号后的从句，用As引导非限制性定语从句。故填As。 3．（24-25高二上·广东茂名·期中）Seeing the photo, she couldn’t resist (think) of her grandmother, with she had spent many wonderful days in her childhood. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 thinking whom 【详解】考查动名词和定语从句。句意：看到照片，她禁不住想起小时候和她祖母度过的美好时光。第一空为固定搭配couldn’t resist doing (忍不住做某事)，应填动名词thinking，作宾语；第二空引导定语从句，先行词为her grandmother，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作with的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填①thinking；②whom。 4．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）If we compare youth to flowers, the young volunteers are the most beautiful ones, without the world would be too cold to live in. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如果我们把青春比作花朵，年轻的志愿者是最美丽的，没有他们，世界将变得太冷了。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词volunteers，作介词的宾语，指人应用whom。故填whom。 5．（24-25高二上·广东惠州·期中）We will always remember the moment, my classmate Li Chong crossed the finishing line. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们将永远记住我的同学李冲冲过终点线的那一刻。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the moment进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作时间状语，应该用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 6．（24-25高二上·广东东莞·期中）Eliandro Libania, a Brazilian judo (柔道) black belt coach, has found a unique bond with Beijing, he has lived for the past five years. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：巴西柔道黑带教练埃利安德罗·利比亚发现，他与北京有着独特的联系，过去五年他一直在北京生活。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Beijing，在非限定性定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 7．（24-25高二上·北京·期中）The little baby was always throwing small things away around his house, made his parents crazy. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个小婴儿总是把他家里的小东西扔得到处都是，这让他的父母很抓狂。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 8．（24-25高二上·福建厦门·阶段练习）Participants, most of are middle school students, will meet at the Olympic forest park. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：参与者，其中大多数是中学生，将在奥林匹克森林公园见面。这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词Participants，为人，在从句中作介词of后宾语，所以应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 9．（23-24高二上·广东湛江·期中）He has three sons, one of is an engineer. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他有三个儿子，其中一个是工程师。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词three sons，指人，先行词在定语从句中作介词宾语，应使用关系代词whom引导该从句。故填whom。 10．（24-25高二上·福建·期中） the chart shows, there has been a steady increase in the number of users over the past year, indicating the success of our marketing campaign. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】As 【详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：如图所示，在过去的一年中，用户数量稳步增长，这表明我们的营销活动取得了成功。As the chart shows正如图表所示。as引导非限定性定语从句，有“正如”之意，指代整个主句的内容。故填As。 11．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）In our class there are 46 students, one-third of wear glasses. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们班有46个学生，其中三分之一戴眼镜。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词46 students(指人)在从句中作介词of的宾语成分，所以此处为介词of+关系代词whom引导的定语从句。故填whom。 12．（24-25高二上·广东揭阳·期中）When foreigners talk about the cities of China, the first of comes to their minds is Beijing. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当外国人谈论中国的城市时，首先想到的是北京。空格处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词cities是城市，关系词代替先行词在从句中作of的宾语，因此空格处用关系代词which。故填which。 13．（24-25高二上·广东惠州·期中）I am grateful to my teacher, encouragement and support helped me discover my potential. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我感谢我的老师，他的鼓励和支持帮助我发现了自己的潜能。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是my teacher，关系代词在从句中作定语修饰名词encouragement and support，因此应使用关系代词whose。故填whose。 14．（24-25高二上·福建漳州·期中）Our class is a big family consisting of 50 students, most of are from the countryside. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们班是一个由50名学生组成的大家庭，其中大多数来自农村。空处和空前的most of搭配，形成“代词+of+关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词students作补充说明，先行词指人，作介词of的宾语，因此关系代词应用whom。故填whom。 15．（24-25高二上·福建漳州·期中）The latest weather-tracking computer programs give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, saves many lives. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最新的天气跟踪计算机程序向人们发出有关自然灾害的许多警告，这挽救了许多生命。逗号后面是非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前面的事实，引导词在从句中作主语，应该使用which引导定语从句。故填which。 二、完成句子 1. （24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）正如你能想象到的那样，我们马上就要迎来寒假！ you can , we will have winter holiday soon! 【答案】 As imagine 【详解】考查固定句型。对比中英文句子可知，“___ you can____”意为“正如你能想象到的那样”，是固定句型as you can imagine，是as引导的非限制性定语从句，指代后文整个主句，位于句首的单词首字母大写，因此第一空是As，第二空是imagine。故填As，imagine。 2. （24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）那位不服输的老人给我们留下了深刻的印象。 We were very impressed by the old man, was not willing to acknowledge . 【答案】 who defeat/failure 【详解】考查定语从句和名词。对比中英文句子可知，第二空意为“失败”，用名词作宾语，是defeat/failure，是不可数名词，第一空引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词man是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故填who，defeat/failure。 3. （23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）众所周知，庆祝国家节日是为了激发人们赏鉴传统文化的兴趣。(非限制性定语从句) , the purpose of celebrating a national festival is appreciating traditional culture. 【答案】 As is known to all to stimulate people’s interest in 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句和不定式。对比中英文句子可知，第一空意为“众所周知”，第二空意为“激发人们……的兴趣”，“众所周知”是as is known to all，是as引导的非限制性定语从句，位于句首的单词首字母要大写；“激发”是stimulate，用不定式作表语，“人们……的兴趣”是people’s interest in，因此第二空是to stimulate people’s interest in；故填As is known to all，to stimulate people’s interest in。 4. （24-25高二上·广东汕头·期中）我已经推荐了我的朋友王明，他是最适合取代我的职位的朋友之一。（用非限制性定语从句） I recommend my friend, Wang Ming, is one of the most friends to take my place. 【答案】 who suitable 【详解】考查定语从句和形容词。对比中英文可知，第一空引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Wang Ming作补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，因此应用关系代词who作引导词；第二空表示“适合的”，应用形容词原级suitable，和most构成最高级。故填①who；②suitable。 5. （21-22高二上·浙江宁波·期中）The number of smokers, , has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.（非限制性定语从句） 正如所报道的那样，仅仅一年的时间，吸烟者的数量下降了17%。 【答案】as is reported 【详解】考查定语从句。表示“正如”，引导非限制性定语从句应用as做主语；表示“报道”应用动词report，此处构成被动关系，这是事实用一般现在时的被动语态。故填as is reported。 6. （22-23高二上·广东惠州·期中）大厅里有50把椅子，绝大部分是新的。 There are 50 chairs in the hall, are new. 【答案】 most of which 【详解】考查定语从句。根据下文可知是非限制性定语从句，根据句意可知设空处为“绝大部分（椅子）”，作为从句的主语，“……中的大部分”用most of，先行词是chairs，作介词of的宾语，应用which。故填most；of；which。 7. （21-22高二上·广东汕头·期中）上周我通过了考试，那是极其重要的考试。 Last week I passed the examination， . 【答案】which was vital 【详解】考查定语从句及形容词。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是examination，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，句子陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，“极其重要的”使用形容词vital，作表语。“那是极其重要的”译为which was vital。故填which was vital。 8. （21-22高二上·广东汕头·期中）很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追寻自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 Many young people, were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 【答案】most of whom 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，“他们中大部分都受过良好的教育”可处理为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Many young people，指人；定语从句主语是“他们中大部分”，先行词在定语从句中作most of后宾语，用关系代词whom替代先行词，引导该定语从句。故填most of whom。 9. （22-23高二上·福建莆田·期中）他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。 He had a thick moustache and long white hair, sometimes stood on end though he had just received an electric shock. 【答案】 which as 【详解】考查定语从句和状语从句。分析句子结构，“__________ sometimes stood on end”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词hair，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，所以空1填关系代词which。根据汉语提示“像”和空2后的though，空处填as，构成as though表示“好像”，引导方式状语从句。故填which; as。 10. （23-24高二上·福建福州·期末）Indeed, his slim strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to he had devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯 ，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。 【答案】 but whom 【详解】考查连词和定语从句。“但”为连词but，第二空是介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese farmers，指人，且关系词在从句中作介词to的宾语，应用whom，故填①but②whom。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （22-23高二上·全国·单元测试）Finding Home “I hate New Orleans! I wanna go home!” I 1 to my mother as we moved boxes. 2 going home was not easy because my home was 1,100 miles away. I was born and 3 in northern Virginia. Virginia was my home, and I never expected that to 4 In 2014, my family experienced a tragedy, so my parents decided to move to my mom’s hometown of New Orleans. Only three months after my parents made the 5 to move I found myself moving boxes into our new house. My announcement to my mother that I 6 the new environment was partly motivated by how hot it was, but it was mostly due to the fact that I felt like my entire life had been turned upside down 1,100 miles away from everyone and everything I had ever known, I was 7 . To make matters worse, I was starting high school in two weeks. Beginning high school is a scary 8 on its own. I spent my first few months in New Orleans, 9 wanting to go home to Virginia. But after a few months of missing home, I 10 that I had a choice. I could continue thinking about how much I missed my old home, 11 I could start trying to build a new home right here. I chose the latter. As soon as I stopped giving all my 12 to how much I missed Virginia I was able to begin accepting the love that people were already giving me. I joined some clubs at school, which gave me the chance to make friends. My neighbor taught me how to cook some New Orleans food, and I found a wonderful 13 of fellow cooks and neighbors. Overall, I seized every possible opportunity to 14 myself and to rebuild my life. Because of my resilience (适应力) in creating a new home for myself and the 15 that people have shown to me, home is right here. 1. A．announced B．replied C．insisted D．pointed 2. A．Therefore B．Instead C．However D．Besides 3. A．evaluated B．raised C．promoted D．fed 4. A．develop B．continue C．obtain D．change 5. A．attempt B．suggestion C．excuse D．decision 6. A．preferred B．missed C．hated D．imagined 7. A．surprised B．frightened C．delighted D．relieved 8. A．performance B．activity C．presentation D．experience 9. A．partly B．badly C．slightly D．gradually 10. A．realized B．remembered C．inferred D．complained 11. A．and B．but C．or D．so 12. A．attention B．patience C．trust D．confidence 13. A．generation B．community C．race D．school 14. A．teach B．accept C．judge D．better 15. A．belief B．freedom C．love D．interest 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和父母搬到了新奥尔良，作者厌恶这个地方，后来得到了当地人的关爱，最终决定把这里当作自己的家。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们搬箱子的时候，我向妈妈宣布。A. announced宣布；B. replied回答；C. insisted坚持；D. pointed指出。根据上文“I hate New Orleans! I wanna go home!”可知，此处表示作者向妈妈宣布。故选A。 2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，回家并不容易，因为我的家在1100英里之外。A. Therefore因此；B. Instead相反，反而；C. However然而；D. Besides另外。根据上文“I hate New Orleans! I wanna go home!”以及下文“going home was not easy because my home was 1, 100 miles away.”可知，句子前后是转折关系，空处应用however，表示“然而”。故选C。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在北弗吉尼亚出生并长大。 A. evaluated评价；B. raised养育；C. promoted提升；D. fed喂养。根据下文“Virginia was my home”可知，作者在弗吉尼亚长大。故选B。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：弗吉尼亚是我的家，我从没想过那会改变。A. develop开发；B. continue继续；C. obtain获得；D. change改变。根据上文“Virginia was my home, and I never expected that to”以及下文“In 2014, my family experienced a tragedy, so my parents decided to move to my mom’s hometown of New Orleans.”可知，作者没有想过改变。故选D。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我父母做出搬家决定后仅仅三个月，我发现自己正在把箱子搬进我们的新房子。A. attempt试图；B. suggestion建议；C. excuse借口；D. decision决定。根据下文“I found myself moving boxes into our new house.”可知，作者一家做出了搬家的决定。故选D。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对母亲说我讨厌新环境，部分原因是它太热了，但主要是因为我觉得我的整个生活都被颠覆了。A. preferred更喜欢；B. missed错过；C. hated 厌恶；D. imagined想象。根据下文“partly motivated by how hot it was, but it was mostly due to the fact that I felt like my entire life had been turned upside down”可知，作者厌恶新的环境。故选C。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在距离我所熟悉的人和事1100英里之外的地方，我感到害怕。A. surprised感到吃惊的；B. frightened感到害怕的；C. delighted感到高兴的；D. relieved感到宽慰的。根据上文“1,100 miles away from everyone and everything I had ever known”可知，此处表示作者感到害怕。故选B。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：开始高中生活本身就是一段可怕的经历。A. performance表演；B. activity活动；C. presentation展示；D. experience经历。根据上文“Beginning high school is a scary”可知，此处表示开始高中生活的经历是可怕的。故选D。 9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在新奥尔良度过了前几个月，非常想回到弗吉尼亚的家。A. partly部分地；B. badly非常；C. slightly稍微；D. gradually逐渐地。根据下文“wanting to go home to Virginia.”可知，作者非常想家。故选B。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在几个月的想家之后，我意识到我有一个选择。A. realized意识到；B. remembered记得；C. inferred推断；D. complained抱怨。根据下文“I had a choice”可知，此处表示作者意识到自己有选择。故选A。 11. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我可以继续思考我有多想念我的老房子，或者我可以开始尝试在这里建一个新家。A. and和；B. but但是；C. or或者；D. so所以。根据下文“I could start trying to build a new home right here. I chose the latter.”可知，作者是在两个抉择中做出的选择，空处应用连词or，表示“或者”。故选C。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意： 当我不再关注我有多想念弗吉尼亚时，我开始接受人们已经给予我的爱。A. attention注意力，关注；B. patience耐心；C. trust信任；D. confidence信心。根据下文“how much I missed Virginia, I was able to begin accepting the love that people were already giving me.”可知，此处表示作者不再关注想家这件事。故选A。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的邻居教我做一些新奥尔良的食物，我找到了一个很棒的厨师和邻居社区。A. generation世代；B. community社区；C. race种族；D. school 学校。根据上文“My neighbor taught me how to cook some New Orleans food”可知，作者找到一个很棒的社区。故选B。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，我抓住每一个可能的机会来改善自己，重建我的生活。A. teach教；B. accept接受；C. judge判断；D. better改善。根据下文“myself and to rebuild my life”以及语境可知，作者开始新生活，改善自己。故选D。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我为自己创造了一个新家的适应力和人们对我的爱，家就在这里。A. belief信仰；B. freedom自由；C. love爱；D. interest兴趣。根据上文“I was able to begin accepting the love that people were already giving me.”以及下文“that people have shown to me”可知，作者在新地方得到了人们的爱。故选C。 Passage 2 （22-23高三上·江苏南通·期中）Praise for Pioneers in Science In memory of Marie Curie on her birthday on Saturday, the official website of the Nobel Prize posted a photograph of her notebook saying. “Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work. Even today her laboratory notebook from 1899-1902, is 1 and will be for 1.500 years.” The tales of Marie and other scientists of her time are in some sense very 2 . Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-ray in 1895. A year later, Antoine Henri Becquerel found that some natural substances 3 rays, too. Later, Marie and her physicist husband, Pierre Curie, gave it a(n) 4 , radioactivity. However, the 5 effects of radioactivity were not discovered until decades later. Marie and her 6 scientists dealt with radioactive substances for decades using little or no protection. Marie’s death is a reminder about the risks pioneers in science 7 . It was only after people handling radioactive substances began to get similar 8 that medical experts asked people to use protection. Today, medical health workers and patients wear heavy protective 9 during X-rays. It is almost 10 that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers. There is a(n) 11 for better protection for the pioneers, but that is not possible until the dangers are fully known. For example, the space suits astronauts wear 12 them against radiation. However, only 13 will tell if there are some other unknown dangers. The contributions and sacrifices by such pioneers to the field of science are 14 and deserving of our respect. Because the pioneers not only 15 new frontiers, but also help us better protect ourselves from unknown surroundings. 1. A．extraordinary B．radioactive C．protective D．creative 2. A．tragic B．inspirational C．romantic D．meaningful 3. A．blocked B．absorbed C．reflected D．emitted 4. A．privilege B．name C．notice D．identity 5. A．scientific B．novel C．sensitive D．harmful 6. A．contemporary B．conservative C．curious D．cautious 7. A．deliver B．relieve C．undertake D．generate 8. A．rewards B．warnings C．diseases D．titles 9. A．glasses B．gloves C．shoes D．covers 10. A．odd B．inevitable C．critical D．intimidating 11. A．focus B．evolution C．demand D．breakthrough 12. A．protect B．fight C．warn D．forbid 13. A．space B．time C．technology D．history 14. A．unmatched B．uplifting C．glorious D．concrete 15. A．extend B．proceed C．mount D．explore 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了著名科学家玛丽·居里夫人及其他科学先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使在今天，她1899年至1902年的实验室笔记本仍具有放射性，将持续1500年。A. extraordinary非凡的；B. radioactive放射性的；C. protective保护性的；D. creative有创意的。根据上文“Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work.”可知，即使在今天，她的实验室笔记本仍具有放射性。故选B。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，玛丽和她同时代的其他科学家的故事是非常悲惨的。A. tragic悲惨的；B. inspirational鼓舞人心的；C. romantic浪漫的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据上文“Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work.”可知，玛丽和她同时代的其他科学家虽然为科学作出了巨大贡献，但是结局却很悲惨。故选A。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年后，安托万·亨利·贝克勒尔发现，一些天然物质也会发出射线。A. blocked阻塞；B. absorbed吸收；C. reflected反映；D. emitted发出。根据空后“rays”可知，此处指发出射线。故选D。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，玛丽和她的物理学家丈夫皮埃尔·居里给它起了个名字——放射性。A. privilege特权；B. name名字；C. notice注意；D. identity身份。根据空后“radioactivity”可知，此处指起了一个名字。故选B。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，放射性的有害影响直到几十年后才被发现。A. scientific科学的；B. novel新奇的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. harmful有害的。根据上文“Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work.”可知，放射性会产生有害的影响。故选D。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几十年来，玛丽和她同时代的科学家在处理放射性物质时几乎没有防护措施。A. contemporary同时代的；B. conservative保守的；C. curious好奇的；D. cautious谨慎的。根据语境可知，此处指和玛丽同时代的科学家们。故选A。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：玛丽的死提醒人们科学先驱所承担的风险。A. deliver交付；B. relieve缓解；C. undertake承担；D. generate生成。根据上文“the risks pioneers in science”可知，此处指科学先驱所承担的风险。故选C。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有在接触放射性物质的人开始患上类似疾病后，医学专家才要求人们采取防护措施。A. rewards奖励；B. warnings警告；C. diseases疾病；D. titles标题。根据空前“get similar”及空后“that medical experts asked people to use protection.”可知，接触放射性物质的人开始患上类似居里夫人的疾病。故选C。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，医护人员和病人在做X光检查时都要戴上厚厚的防护罩。A. glasses眼镜；B. gloves手套；C. shoes鞋子；D. covers防护罩。根据常识可知，医护人员和病人在做X光检查时都要戴上厚厚的防护罩。故选D。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几乎不可避免的是，那些探索科学新领域的人将自己暴露在未知的危险中。A. odd奇怪的；B. inevitable不可避免的；C. critical关键的；D. intimidating令人生畏的。根据下文“There is a(n)　　11　　 for better protection for the pioneers, but that is not possible until the dangers are fully known.”及常识可知，探索新领域时，将自己暴露在未知的危险中是几乎不可避免的。故选B。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人要求对先驱者进行更好的保护，但在完全了解危险之前，这是不可能的。A. focus焦点；B. evolution进化；C. demand要求；D. breakthrough突破。根据空后“for better protection for the pioneers”可知，有人要求对先驱者进行更好的保护。故选C。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，宇航员穿的宇航服可以保护他们免受辐射。A. protect保护；B. fight战斗；C. warn警告；D. forbid禁止。根据空后“against radiation”可知，此处指保护宇航员免受辐射。故选A。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，只有时间才能证明是否还有其他未知的危险。A. space太空；B. time时间；C. technology技术；D. history历史。根据上文“However, the 　　5　　 effects of radioactivity were not discovered until decades later.”可知，只有时间才能证明是否还有其他未知的危险。故选B。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲是无与伦比的，值得我们尊敬。A. unmatched无与伦比的；B. uplifting人振奋的；C. glorious光荣的；D. concrete具体的。根据上文“It is almost 　　10　　 that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers.”可知，这些先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲是无与伦比的。故选A。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为先驱者不仅探索了新的领域，而且还帮助我们更好地保护自己不受未知环境的影响。A. extend扩展；B. proceed进行；C. mount开展；D. explore探索。根据上文“It is almost 　　10　　 that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers.”及空后“new frontiers”可知，此处指探索新的领域。故选D。 Passage 3 （23-24高二上·云南昆明·阶段练习）Zhao Ming was acknowledged as one of the greatest doctors for his remarkable contributions to TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine). It was reported that he suffered from different 1 when he was young. His own sufferings inspired him to be a 2 . Even in tough circumstances, he wasn’t 3 but became a doctor successfully in 1920, insisting on 4 poor ordinary people free of charge. One day, he 5 a patient with little hair. Upon knowing his illness, he consulted ancient medical records and started to evaluate different plants for their medical properties to find a traditional 6 treatment. He bought medical devices which could boil distinct plants. He used the liquid 7 to treat his hair, which 8 a great success. Consequently, he inferred that a substance called Garden Balsam Stem (透骨草) 9 worked. Afterwards it was indeed an honor for him to take up a position in the academic 10 of TCM. Out of passion for his job, he 11 his own clinic and gradually discovered new crucial 12 for different skin problems. In his later years, he wrote a book with many flow charts, which plays a 13 role in the development of modern TCM. To sum up, Professor Zhao, 14 himself to doing extraordinary scientific research on TCM throughout his whole life, will be forever 15 by Chinese people. 1. A．evaluations B．diseases C．theories D．devices 2. A．genius B．politician C．doctor D．novelist 3. A．ignored B．signaled C．permitted D．defeated 4. A．treating B．analyzing C．maintaining D．inferring 5. A．indicated B．judged C．encountered D．pursued 6. A．gentle B．botanical C．objective D．moral 7. A．obtained B．reflected C．drafted D．recycled 8. A．took up B．figured out C．tripped over D．turned out 9. A．externally B．financially C．apparently D．shallowly 10. A．element B．institution C．conclusion D．option 11. A．decorated B．monitored C．spotted D．founded 12. A．cures B．resources C．patents D．consequences 13. A．flexible B．vital C．passive D．precious 14. A．addicting B．adapting C．committing D．seeking 15. A．complained B．impressed C．replaced D．respected 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D 【导语】本文是新闻报道。报道了赵明教授为中医的发展做出了杰出贡献而被公认为最伟大的医生之一。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：据报道，他年轻时患过各种疾病。A. evaluations评审；B. diseases疾病；C. theories理论；D. devices设备。根据前文“Zhao Ming was acknowledged as one of the greatest doctors”以及“It was reported that he suffered from different”可知，他成为医生，结合选项，此处应是“患过各种疾病”符合实际。故选B项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他自己的苦难激励他成为一名医生。A. genius天才；B. politician政客；C. doctor医生；D. novelist小说家。根据前文“Zhao Ming was acknowledged as one of the greatest doctors”可知，他成为了医生。故选C项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在艰难的环境下，他也没有被打败，而是在1920年成功地成为一名医生，坚持为贫穷的普通人免费治疗。A. ignored忽视；B. signaled表明；C. permitted允许；D. defeated击败。根据前文“Even in tough circumstances”，以及后文“became a doctor successfully in 1920”可知，此处应是“即使在艰难的环境下，他也没有被打败，而是在1920年成功地成为一名医生”之意符合语境。故选D项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在艰难的环境下，他也没有被打败，而是在1920年成功地成为一名医生，坚持为贫穷的普通人免费治疗。A. treating治疗；B. analyzing分析；C. maintaining保持；D. inferring推断。根据前文“became a doctor successfully in 1920”可知，他是一名医生，所以是坚持为贫穷的普通人免费治疗。故选A项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，他遇到了一个头发很少的病人。A. indicated表明；B. judged判断；C. encountered遇到；D. pursued追求。根据后文“Upon knowing his illness, he consulted ancient medical records and started to evaluate different plants for their medical properties”可知，他开始治疗病人，所以此处是遇到了病人。故选C项。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：得知病情后，他查阅了古代的医疗记录，并开始评估不同植物的药用特性，寻找一种传统的植物治疗方法。A. gentle温柔的；B. botanical植物学的；C. objective客观的；D. moral道德的。根据前文“started to evaluate different plants for their medical properties”可知，开始评估不同植物的药用特性，所以是寻找一种传统的植物治疗方法。故选B项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用得到的液体治疗头发，结果非常成功。A. obtained获得；B. reflected反映；C. drafted起草；D. recycled回收利用。根据前文“He used the liquid”以及后文“to treat his hair”结合实际可知，中药一般都是熬成药水，所以是获得的液体去治疗符合实际。故选A项。 8. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他用得到的液体治疗头发，结果非常成功。A. took up占用；B. figured ou解决；C. tripped over绊倒；D. turned out结果是。根据后文“a great success”结合选项可知，应是“结果非常成功”符合语境。故选D项。 9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他推断一种叫做“透骨草”的物质显然是有效的。A. externally外部地；B. financially财政上；C. apparently显然地；D. shallowly浅浅地。根据前文“which 　　　　8　　　　 a great success”可知，他研究的草药成功了，所以他推测是这种物质显然是有效的。故选C项。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他在中医学术机构任职，确实是一种荣誉。A. element元素；B. institution机构；C. conclusion结论；D. option选项。根据前文“it was indeed an honor for him to take up a position”可知，任职是一种荣誉，所以应是在中医学术机构任职符合实际。故选B项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：出于对工作的热爱，他创办了自己的诊所，并逐渐发现了针对不同皮肤问题的新的关键治疗方法。A. decorated装饰；B. monitored监视；C. spotted发现；D. founded建立。根据前文“Out of passion for his job”可知，他热爱自己的工作，所以是创办了自己的诊所。故选D项。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：出于对工作的热爱，他创办了自己的诊所，并逐渐发现了针对不同皮肤问题的新的关键治疗方法。A. cures治愈；B. resources资源；C. patents专利权；D. consequences后果。根据前文的discovered以及后文“for different skin problems”结合选项可知，应是发现针对不同皮肤问题的治疗方法符合实际。故选A项。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：晚年，他写了一本有许多流程图的书，对现代中医的发展起了至关重要的作用。A. flexible灵活的；B. vital至关重要的；C. passive消极的；D. precious珍贵的。根据前文“Zhao Ming was acknowledged as one of the greatest doctors for his remarkable contributions to TCM”可知，赵明对中医有杰出贡献，所以他写的流程图的书，是起到至关重要的作用。故选B项。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，赵教授终其一生致力于中医科学研究，将永远受到中国人民的尊敬。A. addicting使上瘾；B. adapting使适应；C. committing承诺；D. seeking寻求。根据前文“Zhao Ming was acknowledged as one of the greatest doctors for his remarkable contributions to TCM”可知，赵明对中医有杰出贡献，所以他应是一生致力于中医科学研究，此处是固定搭配commit to意为“使（自己）致力于（某事或做 某事）”符合语境。故选C项。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，赵教授终其一生致力于中医科学研究，将永远受到中国人民的尊敬。A. complained抱怨；B. impressed使铭记；C. replaced取代；D. respected尊敬。根据前文“To sum up, Professor Zhao, 　　　　14　　　　 ，himself to doing extraordinary scientific research on TCM throughout his whole life”可知，赵教授终其一生致力于中医科学研究，所以是受到中国人民的尊敬。故选D项。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once noticed his mother turning the wheel of her sewing machine with her hand. “Won't it work quickly if a machine 1 (turn) the wheel for you?” he asked. “I suppose it will,” said his mother, without paying any attention to him. Christopher knew she always had a lot of work and that she was 2 stubborn that he could hardly do anything to change 3 (she)mind. But he wanted to help. In his bedroom there was a toy steam engine 4 (buy) by his father as a gift to him. “I will make better use of it,” little Christopher said to himself. So, when his mother was not using her sewing machine, he decided to fix the toy steam engine onto it. When he finished 5 (do) it, he was quite pleased, thinking his mother would like it. “Very clever,” his mother said when she saw it. But then she sat down and went on turning the wheel 6 hand. “I 7 (work) like this for too many years,” she explained. Christopher felt very 8 (disappoint). He couldn't understand his mother's 9 (behave). This taught Christopher a lesson, 10 made him depressed for several days. It is what anyone who tries to improve anything has to learn: many people don't like new ideas. 【答案】 1. turns 2. so 3. her 4. bought 5. doing 6. by 7. have worked 8. disappointed 9. behavior/behaviour 10. which 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，本文讲叙了Christopher用玩具蒸汽机带动缝纫机使轮子转动，想为母亲减轻工作负担，本以为母亲会高兴，可事实并非如此，母亲依然用手转动轮子。 1. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“如果有机器帮你转轮子，不是会工作得很快吗？”他问道。分析句子可知，本句中if引导条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，主语为a machine，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填turns。 2. 考查结果状语从句。句意：Christopher知道她总是有很多工作要做，而且她很固执，他几乎无法做任何事情来改变她的想法。结合句意可知，此处是so…that引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。故填so。 3. 考查人称代词。句意：Christopher知道她总是有很多工作要做，而且她很固执，他几乎无法做任何事情来改变她的想法。短语change one’s mind意为“改变某人的想法”，此处指Christopher的母亲的想法，人称代词应用her。故填her。 4. 考查过去分词。句意：在他的卧室里有一个玩具蒸汽机，是他父亲给他买的礼物。本句中buy是非谓语动词，逻辑主语a toy steam engine与动词buy之间构成被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填bought。 5. 考查动名词。句意：当他完成时，他很高兴，认为他的母亲会喜欢它。finish doing sth.完成做某事，固定短语，故用动名词形式。故填doing。 6. 考查介词。句意：不过她还是坐了下来，继续用手转动轮子。by hand用手，固定短语。故填by。 7. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：她解释：“我已经这样做好多年了。”根据空格后的时间状语for too many years可知应用现在完成时，主语为I，故填 have worked。 8. 考查形容词。句意：Christopher感觉很失望。根据上文felt可知应填形容词作表语，且修饰人应用-ed结尾的形容词。故填disappointed。 9. 考查名词。句意：他无法理解他母亲的行为。上文mother’s为名词所有格，空处应填behave的名词形式，behavior/behaviour行为，不可数名词。故填behavior/behaviour。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：这给了Christopher一个教训，让他郁闷了好几天。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，且关系词在从句中作主语，指事情，应用which引导。故填which。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）语法填空 Many great people in the world commit themselves to 1 (improve) society in their own ways. For example, Jane Goodall, a woman from Britain, would rather spend time studying chimps (黑猩猩) in the wild in Africa than lead 2 comfortable life. For 40 years she has been outspoken (直率的) in making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of chimps. Lin Qiaozhi, a 3 (special) in women’s diseases, is another woman who has made remarkable achievements. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi,tired after a day’s work,went late at night 4 (deliver) a baby for a poor family, 5 could not pay her. It was because of her hard work and great 6 (consider) for her patients 7 tens of thousands of babies were delivered 8 (safe) by her. A third example is Yuan Longping, the first 9 (agriculture) pioneer in the world to grow hybrid rice. Using his hybrid rice, farmers 10 (produce) many more harvests in the past few decades. Therefore, now the UN has more scientific tools in the battle against hunger in the world. In short, so impressive is their work that they all deserve praising and learning from. 【答案】 1. improving 2. a 3. specialist 4. to deliver 5. who 6. consideration 7. that 8. safely 9. agricultural 10. have produced 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了以自己的方式致力于改善社会的三位伟人——Jane Goodall、林巧稚和袁隆平。 1. 考查动名词。句意：世界上许多伟人都以自己的方式致力于改善社会。commit oneself to doing sth. 意为“致力于做某事”，故填improving。 2. 考查冠词。句意：例如，来自英国的女性Jane Goodall宁愿花时间在非洲野外研究黑猩猩，也不愿过舒适的生活。lead a(n)...life意为“过着……生活”，此处泛指一种舒适的生活，且comfortable的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。故填a。 3. 考查名词。句意：妇女病专家林巧稚是另一位取得显著成就的女性。结合不定冠词a可知这里应用可数名词单数specialist(专家)，作Lin Qiaozhi的同位语。故填specialist。 4. 考查动词不定式。句意：数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚如何在一天的工作之后，拖着疲惫不堪的身体在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生，而这些家庭不能给她报酬。设空处在这里作目的状语，用动词不定式to deliver。故填to deliver。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：同上。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a poor family，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who。故填who。 6. 考查名词。句意：正是由于她的辛勤工作和对病人的深切关怀,数万个婴儿才能安全地被她接生。根据空前的形容词great可知设空处应用名词，consider的名词形式为consideration。作“体贴，体谅”讲，为不可数名词。故填consideration。 7. 考查强调句型。句意：同上。本句是强调句，其句子结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他”，此处被强调部分是原因状语because of her hard work and great consideration for her patients。故填that。 8. 考查副词。句意：同上。设空处作状语，修饰were delivered，应填副词形式。故填safely。 9. 考查形容词。句意：第三个例子是袁隆平，他是世界上第一位种植杂交水稻的农业先驱。设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词pioneer，agricultural pioneer意为“、农业先锋”。故填agricultural。 10. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：利用他的杂交水稻，农民在过去的几十年里有了更多的收成。根据时间状语in the past few decades可知，设空处应使用现在完成时，主语farmers为复数，故填have produced。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）语法填空 Albert Einstein, 1 is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the 2 (smart) men who ever lived. He made numerous 3 (contribution) to the world. He was born in Germany on 14 March 1879, entered university in 1896 and graduated in 1900. While 4 (work) in the Swiss patent office, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, 5 (earn) a doctorate in physics in 1905. 6 (gradual), he became famous throughout the world. In 1922, he 7 (award) the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. To the public, he was seen as 8 slightly odd­looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair. Despite his peculiarities, he 9 (love) by his friends and neighbours. 10 18 April 1955, he passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. 【答案】 1. who 2. smartest 3. contributions 4. working 5. earning 6. Gradually 7. was awarded 8. a 9. was loved 10. On 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍的是世界著名的科学家爱因斯坦的个人生平和成就。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：Albert Einstein，也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，经常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。本空引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Albert Einstein，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。 2. 考查形容词最高级。句意：Albert Einstein，也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，经常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。此处为形容词作定语，修饰men，根据空前的定冠词the和句意可知，此处应为形容词的最高级smartest“最聪明的”。故填smartest。 3. 考查名词的数。句意：他对世界做出了许多贡献。此处用名词contribution“贡献”，作made的宾语，空前有numerous修饰，所以用复数形式。故填contributions。 4. 考查状语从句的省略、时态。句意：在瑞士专利局工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得物理学博士学位。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中While引导的时间状语从句完整句子为While he was ____ (work) in the Swiss patent office，本空用working，与空前的was构成过去进行时。故填working。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在瑞士专利局工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得物理学博士学位。本句谓语为examined，此处为非谓语动词，earn“赢得”与逻辑主语he之间为主动关系，此处用现在分词，作结果状语。故填earning。 6. 考查副词。句意：渐渐地，他在全世界都出名了。此处用副词gradually“逐渐地”，作状语，修饰整个句子，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Gradually。 7. 考查动词语态。句意：1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。此处为句子谓语，根据时间状语In 1922可知，本句描述过去的动作和状态，此处应使用一般过去时，且award“授予”与句子主语he之间为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was awarded。 8. 考查冠词。句意：在公众眼中，他是一个长相有点古怪但善良有趣的人。此处泛指“一个长相有点古怪但善良有趣的人”，且slightly以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 9. 考查动词语态。句意：尽管他有怪癖，但他的朋友和邻居都很喜欢他。此处为句子谓语，此处讲述的是爱因斯坦的生平，所以时态应为一般过去时，且love“喜欢，爱”与句子主语he之间为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语he为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was loved。 10. 考查介词。句意：1955年4月18日，他去世了，全世界都在哀悼这位杰出科学家的巨大损失。具体某天前应使用介词on，位于句首，所以首字母需大写。故填On。 Passage 4 （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）语法填空 Tu Youyou was awarded with Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2015, because she has discovered artemisinin, which 1 (use) as a crucial new treatment for malaria to save millions of people. Born in Ningbo, China, she graduated 2 Peking University Medical School in 1955. She was among the first researchers 3 (choose) for the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria. At first, she went to Hainan because there were more malaria 4 (patient). When she headed the project in 1969, she decided to find traditional 5 (botany) treatments for the disease, so her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts and evaluated 280, 000 plants, from 6 they tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. Though Tu’s team tested dried wormwood leaves and tried the liquid obtained by 7 (boil) fresh wormwood, they failed in vain. However, Tu didn’t acknowledge defeat and analysed the medical texts again, finding a new way 8 (treat) the wormwood. After failing over 190 times, the team 9 (final) succeeded in 1971. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. Tu owed the honor to the efforts of a team and she felt it 10 honor to spread traditional Chinese medicine around the world. 【答案】 1. was used 2. from 3. chosen 4. patients 5. botanical 6. which 7. boiling 8. to treat 9. finally 10. an 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了居呦呦团队历尽千辛万苦发现青蒿素并获得诺贝尔奖的经历。 1. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：屠呦呦于2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，因为她发现了青蒿素，它被当作一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新方法被使用，挽救了数百万人的生命。which指代先行词artemisinin，在定语从句中作主语，which后缺少谓语，和use是被动关系，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，主语是单数，谓语也用单数，故填was used。 2. 考查介词。句意：她出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。graduate from表示“从……毕业”，故填from。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：她是第一批被选的以发现疟疾新疗法为目标的研究者之一。谓语是was，choose是非谓语动词，和researcher是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填chosen。 4. 考查名词。句意：起初，她去了海南，因为那里有更多的疟疾病人。根据were和more可知后面用名词复数，故填patients。 5. 考查形容词。句意：当她在1969年领导这个项目时，她决定寻找治疗这种疾病的传统(植物学)方法，因此她的团队检查了2000多份古老的医学文献，评估了28万种植物，从中测试了380种不同的古代中国医学疗法。形容词修饰名词treatment，作定语，故填botanical。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：当她在1969年领导这个项目时，她决定寻找治疗这种疾病的传统植物学方法，因此她的团队检查了2000多份古老的医学文献，评估了28万种植物，从中测试了380种不同的古代中国医学疗法。先行词280, 000 plants，在定语从句中作介词from的宾语，故填which。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管屠的团队测试了干艾叶，并尝试了从新鲜艾叶中获得的液体，但他们都失败了。介词by后面用动名词作宾语，故填boiling。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，屠不服输，重新分析了医学文献，找到了治疗艾草的新方法。way后用动词不定式作定语，故填to treat。 9. 考查副词。句意：在失败了190多次之后，1971年团队最终成功了。副词修饰动词succeed，作状语，故填finally。 10. 考查冠词。句意：屠认为这是一个团队的努力，她觉得在世界各地传播中医是一种荣誉。可数名词前用不定冠词，表示一个，honor是元音音素开头的单词，前面用an，故填an。 ( 乐思英语 ) 25 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$