Unit 1 Lights,Camera,Action! Grammar and usage 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版必修第二册

英语学习材料 学习内容：必修二主谓一致 学习目标： （1） 知识和技能目标：通过本节课学习，学生能够掌握主谓一致三种原则的用法。 （2） 过程与方法：通过默写单词短语，讲解与批改的方式，巩固先前所学的基础单词短语。通过知识讲解，典例分析让学生观察总结，掌握三种原则的具体用法。通过习题训练与讲解，进行解题方法和步骤的演示，进一步巩固三种原则的用法。 （3） 情感态度和价值观目标：通过学习本章节内容，孩子能够建立信心，充满学习动力。 教学重难点 重点：主谓一致三种原则的用方法：意义一致、语法一致、就近一致 难点：三种原则的用法和时态语态的综合运用 趣味导入： Dictation 知识典例： 主谓一致 一、语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上必须一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。这一原则主要适用于以下几种情况： 1、不可数名词或可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 例句： （1）Every part (be) to be carefully checked before they are put together. 组装之前，每一个部件都要仔细检查。 （2）A big part of the corn (be) used to feed chickens, pigs and cattle in that country. 在那个国家，一大部分玉米被用来喂鸡、猪和牛。 （3）These toys (be) designed for children under three years old. 这些玩具是为三岁以下的儿童设计的。 2、复合不定代词 anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,nothing 及不定代词either, each 等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例句： （1）Everyone is ready for the sports meeting. 每个人都为运动会做好准备了。 （2）Everything is in a complete mess, which drives people crazy. 所有的事情都乱成一团，让人发疯。 3. 单个的动词不定式（短语）、v-ing (短语）或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 例句： （1）Listening to music (make) me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。 （2）When they could finish the task (be) not known yet. 他们何时能完成这项任务还未知。 4. 由 as well as, along with, together with, with, rather than, but, except, besides, in addition to, like, including 等连接两部分名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与（短语）介词前面的主语 保持一致。 例句： （1）The teacher as well as the students (like) the painting. 老师和学生们都喜欢这幅画。 （2）Tom, along with his friends, (go) skating every Saturday. 每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。 5. "many a (n) (许多）／more than one(不止一个）＋可数名词单数＂作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。 例句： （1）Many a parent has had to go through this painful process. 很多父母都不得不经历了这一段痛苦的过程。 （2）More than one person (be) against the proposal. 不止一个人反对这个提议。 6. "one of+可数名词复数＂后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式；而＂the (only) one of+可数名词复数＂后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应用单数形式。 例句： （1）He is one of the students who (have) been to Shanghai. 他是那些去过上海的学生中的一个。 （2）He is the only one of the students who (have) been to Shanghai. 他是那些学生中唯一一个去过上海的。 二、意义一致原则 这一原则是指从意着眼来解决主谓一致问题。主语所表达的单复数概念并不总是根据主语的形式来确定，有时要根据它所表达的意义来确定。 意义一致原则主要适用于以下几种情况： 1. and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果and 所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式，这时and 后面的名词前不加冠词。 例句： （1） The owner and the editor-in-chief of the newspaper (be) to attend the conference. 这家报纸的业主和主编将参加这次会议。 （2）The knife and fork (be) on the desk. 这套刀叉在桌子上。 （3）The teacher and writer (be) going to give us a talk. 那位老师兼作家将要给我们做一次报告。 2.all,none,some,any 等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的数根据其指代的内容而定。 例句： （1）All are here and all is ready. 所有的人都已到，一切就绪。 （2）All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion. 所有研究过这个问题的人都得出同样的结论。 （3）None have arrived yet. 还无人到来。 （4）None is more qualified for the task than him. 没有人比他更适合执行这项任务了。 3"all/most/half/the rest of+名词／代词＂或”分数／百分数＋名词／代词＂作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。 a number of. . . (许多。·····)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； the number of. . . (.·····的数量）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例句： （1）The rest of the buildings were easy to get to and the rest of his time was spent in enjoying the beautiful scenes. 其余的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。 （2）He got back home, finding that some of the sugar was spilled on the floor. 他回到家，发现一些糖散落在地上。 （2） The number of people invited (be) fifty, but a number of them (be) absent for different reasons. 邀请的人数是50, 但很多人因不同的原因没来。 4. 表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时常被当作一个整体来看待，谓语动词常用单数形式，但为了强调数量之多，也可用复数形式。 例句： （1）Twenty kilometers (be) quite a long distance. 20千米是相当长的一段距离。 （2）Fifty dollars (be) a large sum for me at that time. 那时50美元对我来说是一大笔钱。 5. 集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题 （1) 有的集体名词表示复数含义，作主语时谓语通常也用复数形式，比如 cattle,people,police等。 例1：How many people were at the meeting? 有多少人参加了会议？ 例2：The cattle are grazing at the foot of the hill. 牛群正在山脚下吃草。 （2) 有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调集体中的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式，比如：family,class,audience,team,group,band,committee (委员会）等。 ①强调整体，谓语动词用单数： 例3：There was a big audience at the evening party. 晚会上观众很多。 例4：Class One suggests a second visit to the Great Wall. 一班提议第二次游览长城。 例5：The football team is being reorganized. 这支足球队正在重组。 ②强调成员，谓语动词用复数： 例1：The audience were all deeply impressed by the plot. 故事情节给观众留下了极为深刻的印象。 例2：Class One are all out on the playground to cheer for the athletes. 一班的同学都到操场上为运动员加油去了。 例3：The committee agree to discuss the proposal at the next meeting. 委员们同意在下次会议中讨论该建议。 （3) 有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式，比如clothing,equipment,furniture,jewellery,poetry等。 例1：The furniture in this room has been made to order. 这个房间的家具是定做的。 例2：All their clothing is bright and attractive. 他们所有的衣朋都颜色鲜艳，引人注目。 例3：Most of their equipment has been shipped ahead of schedule他们的大部分设备已提前运走了。 特别提醒 单复数形式相同的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式应根据其表达的意义来确定。这类名词有means,deer,fish,sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Every means has been tried. 每一个方法都试过了。 Not all means are useful. 并非所有的方法都有用。 6. "the +形容词／分词＂表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The wounded were saved by the villagers at last. 最后，村民救了伤员。 三、就近原则 含义：这一原则是指谓语动词的人称和数往往与其最近的主语保持一致。该原则有以下几种情况： 1.either..or.., or…,neither..nor.., not only... but also.. ,not... but...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近谓语动词的名词或代词决定。 例1：Are you or he god at English?是你还是他擅长英语? 例2：Not only the students but also the teacher wants to go climbing.不仅学生想去爬山，老师也想。 2.there be句型中的be动词应与离其最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 例1：There is a pen,two books and many pencils on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。 例2：There are two books,a pen and many pencils on the desk.桌上有两本书、一支钢笔和许多铅笔。 强化训练： 1、 单句语法填空 1．Sadly, African elephants (shoot) illegally now in some places. 2．Those responsible NGOs (take) various measures to deal with the increasingly serious pollution. 3．Many a house (equip) with automatic fire alarm systems since then. 4．As media channels (grow) in number and type, so have advertisements. 5．My washing machine (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 6．Some children play a game called bones, which (sharp) the hand-eye coordination (协调) needed in hunting. 7．So far no one (admit) planting the bomb.   8．Two thirds of my class (be) good at English, so I will try my best to catch up with them. 9．So far, the manager (receive) more than 500 application letters from all over the world. 10．The picture quality as well as the special effects of today’s film (have) improved a lot. 11．All I need (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees. 12．Not only the animals but also the forest in the animated (动画的) film (look) so real! 13．There (be) one tree and three children on the film poster. 14．My class (have) earned much fame for winning the school basketball match. 15．It is 7 o’clock now and my family (be) eating supper. 16．The writer and singer (come) from a remote village. 17．The United States (play) an important part in the world. 18．Many a professor often (travel) abroad to learn what they can’t know about in native regions. 19．The old (be) in great need of our help. 20．It is your mother as well as your brothers who (take) good care of you in your daily life. 21．The number of people that were killed or badly injured in the quake (be) more than 100,000. 22．More than one person (have) seen the explosion. 23．The information we collect about the world around us (base) on what we see. 24．Every day a great number of tourists come and visit the ancient town, which (date) back to as early as 500 years ago. 25．Huge amounts of money (spend) on the new bridge up to now. 26．Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, (prepare) teenagers to make better decisions. 27．A large amount of money (be) donated by the generous poet to the flood­stricken area last week. 28．The young man (use) the computer since he was a kid. 29．Half of the land has been used for planting trees, the rest of which (be) intended for a chicken farm. (所给词适当形式填空) 30．Swimming and running (be) good for your health. 31．Russian (learn) as a second language by some students in China. 32．These kinds of machines (produce) in Japan. 33．New air conditioners (equip) to every classroom now. 34．The population of this country (rise) very fast now. 35．Sheep, cows and pigs ( keep) as sources of food since 7000 years ago. 36．Large amounts of grass (consume) by these animals in the preserve. 37．Mary as well as I (be) made fun of by others in public, which makes us upset. 38．Listening to loud music at rock concerts (have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers. 39．Not the teacher but the students excited about the news yesterday. (be) 40．To play basketball and to go swimming useful for character-training. (be) 41．On the wall two pictures, which attract many people. (be) 42．With many forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth being washed away each year. (be) 43．Ann is the one of the girls who failed in the driving test. (have) 44．Each of them light music and country music. (enjoy) 45．Professor Smith, along with his assistants, working on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (be) 46．The Chinese people a brave and hard-working people. (be) 47．The police searching for the prisoner everywhere. (be) 48．The famous musician,as well as his students, (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of last year’s Flower Expo. 49．The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which (be) saved for other purposes. 50．Actually, the garden, as well as the trees around it, (belong) to a man living across the street. 2、 语法填空 1“YOLO,” one of the 1 (influence) movies of the Spring Festival holiday in 2024, featuring the struggles of a jobless woman who becomes a boxer, has sparked a weight loss craze among Chinese people recently. It is said that the story 2 (intend) to highlight self-care and self-esteem turned out a shocking physical transformation that she halved her weight in about a year. It is 3 very movie that has stirred a heated discussion on how people view slimming nowadays. He Fang, a nutrition specialist at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University’s School of Medicine, said, “It is advisable to imitate or even get beyond the perseverance and determination 4 (occur) to Jia.” “How to develop weight loss strategies 5 (depend) on each individual’s gender, body mass index, muscle density and other factors. Losing weight 6 a rapid pace the way Jia did could trigger some disorders and other health problems and other negative social 7 (phenomenon),” she added. Regarding workouts, the most important thing is 8 (explore) a type of 9 is safe and healthy way to continue in the long run. Furthermore, it is significant to 10 (scientific) combine cardio (有氧运动) with resistance training. 2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The folk opera, a traditional dramatic performance, 1 reflects the heart and soul of a nation’s heritage, offers a window into the rich culture and artistic expressions. These performances, deeply rooted in historical traditions, showcase 2 dynamic mixture of music, dance, and theater that 3 (mirror) the lifestyles, beliefs, and aesthetic sensibilities. Often passed down for centuries, folk operas vary hugely across the globe, from China’s Peking Opera 4 India’s various classical dance dramas. Each form is characterized by its unique style, musical accompaniment, 5 thematic contents, reflecting the national elements of its native land. These operas not only serve as entertainment but also as a means of preserving folk culture and spreading social customs. They are a communal experience, connecting audiences together through 6 (share) emotions and communal responses to the timeless tales of love, heroism, and spirituality that unfold on the stage. In an 7 (increasing) globalized world, these operatic traditions face challenges yet remain resilient, 8 (adapt) to modern contexts while staying true to their roots. They continue 9 (attract) and enlighten us, reminding us of the power and beauty inherent in the diverse cultural threads that together weave human expressions. The folk opera, therefore, is not just a performance but a living testament to the evolution of cultural identity, and an energetic world that keeps inspiring 10 (generation). 3阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Stars of the “Harry Potter” movies will reunite two decades after the release of the first film —“Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone”—for an anniversary television special, 1 is set to air in January 2022. Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson and Rupert Grint, who played the best friends Harry, Hermione and Ron respectively, grew up 2 screen where they began as child actors on the imaginary Hogwarts school set. The special “Harry Potter 20th Anniversary: Return to Hogwarts,” will feature in-depth cast (全体演员) interviews and behind-the-scenes 3 (moment) from the eight movies. “Harry Potter was my home, my family, my world and Hermione is still my favorite fictional character of all time,” Watson said 4 (excited) on her Instagram page. The films based on J.K. Rowling’s books began in 2001 and 5 final film, “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows-Part 2, “ 6 (release) in 2011. They were huge successes 7 (earn) more than $7 billion at the global box office, 8 millions more in theme parks, toys, books and scarves. “The Harry Potter journey has been magical to say the least,” said Tom Ascheim, president of Warner Bros for global kids, young adults and classics, in a 9 (state). “This television special is a tribute to everyone whose lives were touched by this 10 (culture) phenomenon (现象).” 三、完形填空 When Shao Tianshuai was 14, her dance teacher told her she had expressive eyes and an oval face, which were best suited for Kunqu Opera. She didn’t pay much 1 to the comment until her mother 2 her to give the opera a try. In 2001, Shao 3 for the Northern Kunqu Opera Theater in Beijing and came out with flying colors. The theater company is the only 4 platform in northern China devoted to Kunqu, an existing form of Chinese opera with a history of around 600 years. Kunqu Opera, like many traditional Chinese operas, is 5 from one generation to another through singing demonstrations. It takes years to 6 basic skills, only after which performers can try and build their own 7 . “This type of opera was on the edge of decline (衰退) and the theater only had a dozen performances a year before I applied there,” says Shao. “However, the UNESCO tag gave the art a 8 life. The opera received government support and attracted the attention of young audiences.” Usually, she performs her regular shows. 9 , she arranges training for young performers and 10 on creating new pieces. She notes that two-thirds of the performers in the company are young, which injects energy to the theater founded over six decades ago. Now, at 36, she is one of the leading 11 of Northern Kunqu Opera Theater and gives 12 100 performances a year. Shao says, “In order to build up a young fan base, we use social media platforms and create original Kunqu Opera pieces, which 13   young people without changing the 14 of the art.” “The heartwarming part is that so many young people like Kunqu Opera performances, whether online or offline. They are 15 to learn and explore, and as actors we cannot ask for more,” says Shao. 1．A．attention B．access C．effort D．emphasis 2．A．aided B．persuaded C．requested D．begged 3．A．stood B．asked C．fought D．applied 4．A．professional B．international C．economical D．technical 5．A．turned down B．set down C．passed down D．settled down 6．A．master B．design C．admire D．track 7．A．audiences B．companies C．hobbies D．styles 8．A．smart B．fresh C．vivid D．confident 9．A．For reference B．For instance C．In addition D．In advance 10．A．holds B．counts C．lives D．focuses 11．A．hostesses B．waitresses C．actresses D．authoresses 12．A．nearly B．merely C．clearly D．hardly 13．A．admit B．attract C．account D．attempt 14．A．quantity B．form C．effect D．nature 15．A．intelligent B．amazed C．determined D．cautious 翻转总结： 重点单词短语回顾 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 英语学习材料 学习内容：必修二主谓一致 学习目标： （1） 知识和技能目标：通过本节课学习，学生能够掌握主谓一致三种原则的用法。 （2） 过程与方法：通过默写单词短语，讲解与批改的方式，巩固先前所学的基础单词短语。通过知识讲解，典例分析让学生观察总结，掌握三种原则的具体用法。通过习题训练与讲解，进行解题方法和步骤的演示，进一步巩固三种原则的用法。 （3） 情感态度和价值观目标：通过学习本章节内容，孩子能够建立信心，充满学习动力。 教学重难点 重点：主谓一致三种原则的用方法：意义一致、语法一致、就近一致 难点：三种原则的用法和时态语态的综合运用 趣味导入： Dictation 知识典例： 主谓一致 一、语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上必须一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。这一原则主要适用于以下几种情况： 1、不可数名词或可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 例句： （1）Every part is to be carefully checked before they are put together. 组装之前，每一个部件都要仔细检查。 （2）A big part of the corn is used to feed chickens, pigs and cattle in that country. 在那个国家，一大部分玉米被用来喂鸡、猪和牛。 （3）These toys are designed for children under three years old. 这些玩具是为三岁以下的儿童设计的。 2、复合不定代词 anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,nothing 及不定代词either,each 等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例句： （1）Everyone is ready for the sports meeting. 每个人都为运动会做好准备了。 （2）Everything is in a complete mess,which drives people crazy. 所有的事情都乱成一团，让人发疯。 3. 单个的动词不定式（短语）、v-ing (短语）或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 例句： （1）Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。 （2）When they could finish the task is not known yet. 他们何时能完成这项任务还未知。 4. 由 as well as, along with, together with, with, rather than, but, except, besides, in addition to, like, including 等连接两部分名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与（短语）介词前面的主语 保持一致。 例句： （1）The teacher as well as the students likes the painting. 老师和学生们都喜欢这幅画。 （2）Tom, along with his friends, goes skating every Saturday. 每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。 5. "many a (n) (许多）／more than one(不止一个）＋可数名词单数＂作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。 例句： （1）Many a parent has had to go through this painful process. 很多父母都不得不经历了这一段痛苦的过程。 （2）More than one person is against the proposal. 不止一个人反对这个提议。 6. "one of+可数名词复数＂后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式；而＂the (only) one of+可数名词复数＂后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应用单数形式。 例句： （1）He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai. 他是那些去过上海的学生中的一个。 （2）He is the only one of the students who has been to Shanghai. 他是那些学生中唯一一个去过上海的。 二、意义一致原则 这一原则是指从意着眼来解决主谓一致问题。主语所表达的单复数概念并不总是根据主语的形式来确定，有时要根据它所表达的意义来确定。 意义一致原则主要适用于以下几种情况： 1. and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果and 所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式，这时and 后面的名词前不加冠词。 例句： （1） The owner and the editor-in-chief of the newspaper are to attend the conference. 这家报纸的业主和主编将参加这次会议。 （2）The knife and fork is on the desk. 这套刀叉在桌子上。 （3）The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk. 那位老师兼作家将要给我们做一次报告。 2.all,none,some,any 等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的数根据其指代的内容而定。 例句： （1）All are here and all is ready. 所有的人都已到，一切就绪。 （2）All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion. 所有研究过这个问题的人都得出同样的结论。 （3）None have arrived yet. 还无人到来。 （4）None is more qualified for the task than him. 没有人比他更适合执行这项任务了。 3"all/most/half/the rest of+名词／代词＂或”分数／百分数＋名词／代词＂作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。 a number of. . . (许多。·····)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； the number of. . . (.·····的数量）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例句： （1）The rest of the buildings were easy to get to and the rest of his time was spent in enjoying the beautiful scenes. 其余的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。 （2）He got back home,finding that some of the sugar was spilled on the floor. 他回到家，发现一些糖散落在地上。 （2） The number of people invited was fifty,but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 邀请的人数是50, 但很多人因不同的原因没来。 4. 表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时常被当作一个整体来看待，谓语动词常用单数形式，但为了强调数量之多，也可用复数形式。 例句： （1）Twenty kilometers is quite a long distance. 20千米是相当长的一段距离。 （2）Fifty dollars was a large sum for me at that time. 那时50美元对我来说是一大笔钱。 5. 集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题 （1) 有的集体名词表示复数含义，作主语时谓语通常也用复数形式，比如 cattle,people,police等。 例1：How many people were at the meeting? 有多少人参加了会议？ 例2：The cattle are grazing at the foot of the hill. 牛群正在山脚下吃草。 （2) 有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调集体中的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式，比如：family,class,audience,team,group,band,committee (委员会）等。 ①强调整体，谓语动词用单数： 例3：There was a big audience at the evening party. 晚会上观众很多。 例4：Class One suggests a second visit to the Great Wall. 一班提议第二次游览长城。 例5：The football team is being reorganized. 这支足球队正在重组。 ②强调成员，谓语动词用复数： 例1：The audience were all deeply impressed by the plot. 故事情节给观众留下了极为深刻的印象。 例2：Class One are all out on the playground to cheer for the athletes. 一班的同学都到操场上为运动员加油去了。 例3：The committee agree to discuss the proposal at the next meeting. 委员们同意在下次会议中讨论该建议。 （3) 有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式，比如clothing,equipment,furniture,jewellery,poetry等。 例1：The furniture in this room has been made to order. 这个房间的家具是定做的。 例2：All their clothing is bright and attractive. 他们所有的衣朋都颜色鲜艳，引人注目。 例3：Most of their equipment has been shipped ahead of schedule他们的大部分设备已提前运走了。 特别提醒 单复数形式相同的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式应根据其表达的意义来确定。这类名词有means,deer,fish,sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Every means has been tried. 每一个方法都试过了。 Not all means are useful. 并非所有的方法都有用。 6. "the +形容词／分词＂表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The wounded were saved by the villagers at last. 最后，村民救了伤员。 三、就近原则 含义：这一原则是指谓语动词的人称和数往往与其最近的主语保持一致。该原则有以下几种情况： 1.either..or.., or…,neither..nor.., not only... but also.. ,not... but...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近谓语动词的名词或代词决定。 例1：Are you or he god at English?是你还是他擅长英语? 例2：Not only the students but also the teacher wants to go climbing.不仅学生想去爬山，老师也想。 2.there be句型中的be动词应与离其最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 例1：There is a pen,two books and many pencils on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。 例2：There are two books,a pen and many pencils on the desk.桌上有两本书、一支钢笔和许多铅笔。 强化训练： 1、 单句语法填空 1．Sadly, African elephants (shoot) illegally now in some places. 2．Those responsible NGOs (take) various measures to deal with the increasingly serious pollution. 3．Many a house (equip) with automatic fire alarm systems since then. 4．As media channels (grow) in number and type, so have advertisements. 5．My washing machine (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 6．Some children play a game called bones, which (sharp) the hand-eye coordination (协调) needed in hunting. 7．So far no one (admit) planting the bomb.   8．Two thirds of my class (be) good at English, so I will try my best to catch up with them. 9．So far, the manager (receive) more than 500 application letters from all over the world. 10．The picture quality as well as the special effects of today’s film (have) improved a lot. 11．All I need (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees. 12．Not only the animals but also the forest in the animated (动画的) film (look) so real! 13．There (be) one tree and three children on the film poster. 14．My class (have) earned much fame for winning the school basketball match. 15．It is 7 o’clock now and my family (be) eating supper. 16．The writer and singer (come) from a remote village. 17．The United States (play) an important part in the world. 18．Many a professor often (travel) abroad to learn what they can’t know about in native regions. 19．The old (be) in great need of our help. 20．It is your mother as well as your brothers who (take) good care of you in your daily life. 21．The number of people that were killed or badly injured in the quake (be) more than 100,000. 22．More than one person (have) seen the explosion. 23．The information we collect about the world around us (base) on what we see. 24．Every day a great number of tourists come and visit the ancient town, which (date) back to as early as 500 years ago. 25．Huge amounts of money (spend) on the new bridge up to now. 26．Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, (prepare) teenagers to make better decisions. 27．A large amount of money (be) donated by the generous poet to the flood­stricken area last week. 28．The young man (use) the computer since he was a kid. 29．Half of the land has been used for planting trees, the rest of which (be) intended for a chicken farm. (所给词适当形式填空) 30．Swimming and running (be) good for your health. 31．Russian (learn) as a second language by some students in China. 32．These kinds of machines (produce) in Japan. 33．New air conditioners (equip) to every classroom now. 34．The population of this country (rise) very fast now. 35．Sheep, cows and pigs ( keep) as sources of food since 7000 years ago. 36．Large amounts of grass (consume) by these animals in the preserve. 37．Mary as well as I (be) made fun of by others in public, which makes us upset. 38．Listening to loud music at rock concerts (have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers. 39．Not the teacher but the students excited about the news yesterday. (be) 40．To play basketball and to go swimming useful for character-training. (be) 41．On the wall two pictures, which attract many people. (be) 42．With many forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth being washed away each year. (be) 43．Ann is the one of the girls who failed in the driving test. (have) 44．Each of them light music and country music. (enjoy) 45．Professor Smith, along with his assistants, working on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (be) 46．The Chinese people a brave and hard-working people. (be) 47．The police searching for the prisoner everywhere. (be) 48．The famous musician,as well as his students, (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of last year’s Flower Expo. 49．The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which (be) saved for other purposes. 50．Actually, the garden, as well as the trees around it, (belong) to a man living across the street. 参考答案： 1．are being shot 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：可悲的是，非洲象现在在一些地方被非法射杀。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语now可知，应用现在进行时，主语和动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即现在进行时的被动语态，主语是African elephants，be动词使用are。故填are being shot。 2．are taking 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：那些负责任的非政府组织正在采取各种措施来应对日益严重的污染。分析句子可知，空处应用现在进行时，表示现在正在进行的动作，句子主语NGOs为复数名词，be动词用are。故填are taking。 3．has been equipped 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：从那时起，许多房子都安装了自动火灾报警系统。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，Many a house为第三人称单数形式，与equip为被动关系，且由 since then可知，这里时态应用现在完成时。故填has been equipped。 4．have grown 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：随着媒体渠道在数量和类型上的增长，广告也在增长。结合句子结构可知，空处动词在句子中作谓语；由后半句中的助动词have可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态：has/have done，空前主语是复数，所以此处助动词需用have。故填have grown。 5．is being repaired 【详解】考查现在进行时，被动语态。句意：这星期我的洗衣机正在修理，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句“所以我不得不手洗衣服”可知，我的洗衣机正在维修；“洗衣机是被维修”，所以此处要用被动语态；主语为“My washing machine”为第三人称单数，所以为is being repaired。故填is being repaired。 6．sharpens 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：有些孩子玩一种叫“寻骨”的游戏，这种游戏可以提高他们打猎时手眼协调能力。提示词作定语从句中谓语动词，用动词sharpen(改善，提高)，描述一般性事实用一般现在时态，与主语which(即先行词a game)之间是主动关系，主语是单数名词，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填sharpens。 7．has admitted 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，还没有人承认安置了炸弹。由So far可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语no one是不定代词，谓语用单数，因此空格处是has admitted。故填has admitted。 8．are 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们班三分之二的人英语很好，所以我要尽我最大的努力赶上他们。“分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，其谓语动词形式要以of后面的名词而定。此处class指的是班里的学生，学生不止一个，且陈述事实用一般现在时，be动词使用are。故填are。 9．has received 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这位经理已经收到了来自世界各地的500多封申请信。根据句中So far可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语the manager是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has received。 10．has 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：今天电影的画质和特效都有了很大的提高。分析句子可知，句子时态为现在完成时，as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词采用就前原则，也就是根据主语The picture quality确定，助动词用has。故填has。 11．is 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我所需要的只是一小块地，我们可以在那里种各种各样的果树。分析句子可知，空处缺少be动词，主语是All I need，表语是 a small piece of land，根据表语确定谓语动词单复数，结合句意，此处为一般现在时，be动词用is。故填is。 12．looks 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅是动物，动画电影中的森林看起来都很真实！描述现实状况，用一般现在时。not only…but also连接主语时，按就近原则，谓语动词和but also保持一致。the forest是单数，故填looks。 13．is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：电影海报上有一棵树和三个孩子。句子描述现状，用一般现在时。there be句型的单复数按就近原则，根据one tree可知，用单数。故填is。 14．has 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我们班赢得了学校篮球赛，赢得了很多名声。根据句意，此处表达“已经赢得许多荣誉”之意，用现在完成时，空后已有过去分词，空处填have，主语是my class为第三人称单数。故填has。 15．are 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：现在是7点钟，我的家人正在吃晚饭。根据句中“It is 7 o’clock now”可知设空处为现在进行时，句中my family指家庭成员，谓语动词应用复数，故填are。 16．comes 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这位作家兼歌手来自一个偏远的村庄。分析句子可知，空处作谓语，句子描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语The writer and singer“这位作家兼歌手”指的是一个人，come需用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。 17．plays 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：美国在世界上扮演着重要的角色。设空处在句中作谓语动词，此句陈述目前客观事实，用一般现在时；主语The United States是国家名，为专用名词是单数，动词也用第三人称单数，故填plays。 18．travels 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：许多教授经常到国外去学习他们在本国所不知道的东西。分析句子可知，空处作谓语，结合often可知，句子在描述通常性的行为，时态应用一般现在时，Many a professor作主语，“many a+可数名词单数”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故填travels。 19．are 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：老人非常需要我们的帮助。设空处在句中作谓语，此句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，The old在句中作主语，指“老年人”，为定冠词the加形容词表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。故填are。 20．takes 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：是你的母亲和你的兄弟在你的日常生活中照顾你。此句为强调句型，设空处在句中作谓语，your mother as well as your brothers在句中作主语，as well as连接两个并列的成分作主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致；根据句中“It is”以及“in your daily life”可知此句用一般现在时，谓语动词与“your mother”保持一致，第三人称单数形式。故填takes。 21．was 【详解】考查一般过去时和主谓一致。句意：在地震中死亡或严重受伤的人数超过10万人。分析句子结构可知，空处需填谓语动词，结合句意以及句中“that were killed or badly injured in the quake”可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语是“The number of people”，表示“人的数量”，故谓语动词用单数。故填was。 22．has 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：不止一个人看到了爆炸。结合过去分词seen可知，该句现在完成时，have为助动词，“more than one +单数名词”作主语时，谓语单数形式，用has。故填has。 23．is based 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们收集到的有关我们周围世界的信息建立在我们所看到的事物的基础上。be based on为固定搭配，意为“建立在……的基础上”。由collect可知，主句的谓语动词使用一般现在时，主语information为不可数名词，故填is based。 24．dates 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每天都有大量的游客来参观这个可追溯到500年前的古镇。根据上文come可知，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，且非限制性定语从句中谓语与先行词the ancient town保持一致，应用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。 25．have been spent 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，在这座新桥上已经花了大量的钱。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语up to now“到目前为止”可知，时态应用现在完成时，spend“花费”和主语Huge amounts of money之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，“amounts of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语用复数形式，因此助动词用have。故填have been spent。 26．prepares 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：批判性推理，连同解决问题的能力，可以帮助青少年做出更好的决定。分析句子可知，所填词为句子谓语动词，结合语境可知，句子是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，短语together with / along with / as well as等连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，本句由critical reasoning决定，“批判性推理”为不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填prepares。 27．was 【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：上周那位慷慨的诗人向洪水受灾地区捐了一大笔钱。根据下文的last week可知，本句的时态为一般过去时，又因为主语money是不可数名词，所以be动词用was。故填was。 28．has been using/has used 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个年轻人从小就一直在用电脑。根据时间状语“since he was a kid”可知，此处可用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去；也可用现在完成时；主语man是名词单数，助动词用has，故填has been using/has used。 29．is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一半的土地被用来种树，其余的用于养鸡场。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据句中has been used以及句意可知，从句应用一般现在时；主语which指代先行词the land，不可数，所以从句中谓语动词用单数。故填is。 30．are 【详解】考查时态以及主谓一致。句意：游泳和跑步对你的健康有益。分析句子结构可知，本句为主系表结构。句子描述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态。主语为“Swimming and running”，所以谓语动词用复数。故填are。 31．is learnt 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在中国，一些学生把俄语作为第二语言来学习。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语Russian，和learn为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is learnt。 32．are/were produced 【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：这些机器是日本生产的。机器是被生产，句子可理解为表示客观事实，时态用一般现在时，空格处用一般现在时的被动语态，即is/are done，主语These kinds of machines是复数，因此空格处用are produced；也可理解为句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were done，主语These kinds of machines是复数，因此空格处用were produced。故填are/were produced。 33．are being equipped 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：现在每个教室都装上了新的空调。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文now可知为现在进行时的被动语态，主语为New air conditioners，谓语用复数。故填are being equipped。 34．is rising 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这个国家的人口现在增长得很快。根据后文now可知，句子陈述目前正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时，主语为population，谓语动词用单数。故填is rising。 35．have been kept 【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：早在7000年前，人们就开始饲养羊、牛和猪作为食物来源。由since 7000 years ago可知，句子时态是现在完成时，Sheep, cows and pigs和keep是逻辑动宾关系，因此用被动语态，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，主语Sheep, cows and pigs是复数，因此空格处是have been kept。故填have been kept。 36．are consumed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：保护区内的这些动物消耗了大量的草。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语，Large amounts of grass与consume为被动关系，这里时态可用一般现在时，且large amounts of+不可数名词作主语，谓语应用复数。故填are consumed。 37．is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：玛丽和我在公共场合都被别人取笑，这让我们很不高兴。根据从句中的makes可知，主句应用一般现在时。主句的主语由as well as连接，谓语应和前面的主语Mary保持一致，用单数形式。故填is。 38．has 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在摇滚音乐会中听吵闹的音乐已经导致一些青少年听力下降。此处表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，应用现在完成时，且主语为动名词短语Listening to loud music at rock concerts，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故助动词用has。故填has。 39．were 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：不是老师而是学生对昨天的消息感到兴奋。not...but...意为“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列成分作主语，遵循就近原则，即依据but之后名词的数来定谓语动词的数，由空前的students可知应用复数形式，由时间状语yesterday可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填were。 40．are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：打篮球和游泳对性格训练很有用。空处为句子谓语；主语是and连接的两个不定式，两种不同的体育项目，为复数意义，所以此处谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are。 41．are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：墙上有两幅画，吸引了很多人。根据从句谓语动词attract可知，句子使用一般现在时，该句为表方位的介词短语On the wall位于句首引出的全部倒装句，主语为two pictures，为复数，be动词应用are。故填are。 42．are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：随着许多森林被破坏，每年都有大量的肥沃土壤被冲走。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词部分，根据空后的being washed以及时间状语each year可知，该句使用现在进行时态的被动语态，huge quantities of修饰名词 good earth，其谓语动词取决于quantities，所以此处be动词应为复数形式are。故填are。 43．has 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：Ann是驾驶考试不及格的女孩之一。根据前文is和句意可知，此处应用现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响。关系代词who指代的先行词为the one of the girls，为单数，主谓一致，故填has。 44．enjoys 【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：他们每个人都喜欢轻音乐和乡村音乐。设空处在句中作谓语，叙述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语为each of them，谓语动词应用第三人称单数的形式，结合主谓一致。故填enjoys。 45．was 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：史密斯教授和他的助手们正在夜以继日地进行这个项目，以赶在最后期限前完成。根据句意可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。主语Professor Smith为单数，along with连接主语时，谓语动词单复数应与其前面的主语保持一致，故填was。 46．is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：中华民族是一个勇敢、勤劳的民族。结合句意可知，此处描述的为客观事实，所以应使用一般现在时，主语The Chinese people意为“中华民族”为单数意义，所以be动词使用is。故填is。 47．are 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：警察正在到处搜寻那个囚犯。分析句子可知，此处为be动词的填入，结合句意可知，此处应为现在进行时，主语The police为集合名词，表示“警察们”，此处为复数意义，所以be动词应用are。故填are。 48．was invited 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在去年的花卉博览会开幕式上表演。分析句子，,当as well as连接两个并列的主语时，谓语的数与第一个主语保持一致，即：musician，其与invite之间是被动关系，同时根据后文的last year’s Flower Expo，可知句子表述的是过去事实，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was invited。 49．were 【详解】考查动词。句意：这家工厂使用了65%的原材料，其余的被节省下来作其他用途。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据前文的used以及句意可知，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。句子的主语为which，其指代的是前文的raw materials，为复数。故填were。 50．belongs 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：事实上，这个花园和它周围的树都属于住在街对面的一个人。结合句意可知本句陈述事实用一般现在时，句子谓语与as well as前面的主语the garden一致，the garden是单数，动词belong“属于”应用第三人称单数形式belongs。故填belongs。 2、 语法填空 1 “YOLO,” one of the 1 (influence) movies of the Spring Festival holiday in 2024, featuring the struggles of a jobless woman who becomes a boxer, has sparked a weight loss craze among Chinese people recently. It is said that the story 2 (intend) to highlight self-care and self-esteem turned out a shocking physical transformation that she halved her weight in about a year. It is 3 very movie that has stirred a heated discussion on how people view slimming nowadays. He Fang, a nutrition specialist at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University’s School of Medicine, said, “It is advisable to imitate or even get beyond the perseverance and determination 4 (occur) to Jia.” “How to develop weight loss strategies 5 (depend) on each individual’s gender, body mass index, muscle density and other factors. Losing weight 6 a rapid pace the way Jia did could trigger some disorders and other health problems and other negative social 7 (phenomenon),” she added. Regarding workouts, the most important thing is 8 (explore) a type of 9 is safe and healthy way to continue in the long run. Furthermore, it is significant to 10 (scientific) combine cardio (有氧运动) with resistance training. 2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The folk opera, a traditional dramatic performance, 1 reflects the heart and soul of a nation’s heritage, offers a window into the rich culture and artistic expressions. These performances, deeply rooted in historical traditions, showcase 2 dynamic mixture of music, dance, and theater that 3 (mirror) the lifestyles, beliefs, and aesthetic sensibilities. Often passed down for centuries, folk operas vary hugely across the globe, from China’s Peking Opera 4 India’s various classical dance dramas. Each form is characterized by its unique style, musical accompaniment, 5 thematic contents, reflecting the national elements of its native land. These operas not only serve as entertainment but also as a means of preserving folk culture and spreading social customs. They are a communal experience, connecting audiences together through 6 (share) emotions and communal responses to the timeless tales of love, heroism, and spirituality that unfold on the stage. In an 7 (increasing) globalized world, these operatic traditions face challenges yet remain resilient, 8 (adapt) to modern contexts while staying true to their roots. They continue 9 (attract) and enlighten us, reminding us of the power and beauty inherent in the diverse cultural threads that together weave human expressions. The folk opera, therefore, is not just a performance but a living testament to the evolution of cultural identity, and an energetic world that keeps inspiring 10 (generation). 3阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Stars of the “Harry Potter” movies will reunite two decades after the release of the first film —“Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone”—for an anniversary television special, 1 is set to air in January 2022. Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson and Rupert Grint, who played the best friends Harry, Hermione and Ron respectively, grew up 2 screen where they began as child actors on the imaginary Hogwarts school set. The special “Harry Potter 20th Anniversary: Return to Hogwarts,” will feature in-depth cast (全体演员) interviews and behind-the-scenes 3 (moment) from the eight movies. “Harry Potter was my home, my family, my world and Hermione is still my favorite fictional character of all time,” Watson said 4 (excited) on her Instagram page. The films based on J.K. Rowling’s books began in 2001 and 5 final film, “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows-Part 2, “ 6 (release) in 2011. They were huge successes 7 (earn) more than $7 billion at the global box office, 8 millions more in theme parks, toys, books and scarves. “The Harry Potter journey has been magical to say the least,” said Tom Ascheim, president of Warner Bros for global kids, young adults and classics, in a 9 (state). “This television special is a tribute to everyone whose lives were touched by this 10 (culture) phenomenon (现象).” 【答案】 1．influential 2．intended 3．the 4．occurring 5．depends 6．at 7．phenomena 8．to explore 9．what 10．scientifically 【导语】本文的体裁是说明文。文章提到了一部名为《热辣滚烫》的电影及其对社会的影响，特别是激发了关于减肥话题的讨论，并引用了专家的观点来探讨健康减肥的方法。 1．考查形容词。句意：《热辣滚烫》是2024年春节档期最有影响力的电影之一，讲述了失业女性成为拳击手的奋斗经历，最近在中国民众中引发了一股减肥热潮。本空用形容词influential“有影响力的”，作前置定语，修饰movies。故填influential。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：据说，这个旨在强调自我关爱和自尊的故事，却意外地呈现了主人公在大约一年内体重减半的惊人身体转变。that引导的主语从句谓语为turned out，此处为非谓语动词，且the story与intend“打算，计划，意指”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置语，修饰the story。故填intended。 3．考查冠词。句意：正是这样一部电影激起了关于当今人们如何看待瘦身的热烈讨论。此处用定冠词the，对movie起强调和特指的作用。故填the。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：建议模仿甚至超越贾玲所展现出的毅力和决心。本句谓语为is和get，此处为非谓语动词，且perseverance and determination与occur“发生”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语，修饰perseverance and determination。故填occurring。 5．考查动词时态。句意：如何制定减肥策略取决于每个人的性别、体重指数、肌肉密度等因素。depend on“取决于”。本句表经常性、习惯性动作，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为How to develop weight loss strategies，故谓语用第三人称单数。故填depends。 6．考查介词。句意：像贾玲那样以快速的步伐减肥可能会引发一些紊乱和其他健康问题以及其他负面社会现象。at a rapid pace是固定搭配，意为“以快速的步伐”。故填at。 7．考查名词的数。句意：像贾玲那样以快速的步伐减肥可能会引发一些紊乱和其他健康问题以及其他负面社会现象。根据前面的other可知，本空需要使用名词复数。phenomenon“现象”的复数为phenomena。故填phenomena。 8．考查不定式。句意：关于锻炼，最重要的是探索一种安全且健康的方式，并长期坚持下去。本句系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，应用explore“探索”的不定式，作表语，表示目的或将来的事情。故填to explore。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：关于锻炼，最重要的是探索一种安全且健康的方式，并长期坚持下去。本空引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且指物，用what引导。故填what。 10．考查副词。句意：此外，科学地结合有氧运动和抗阻力训练具有重要意义。本空用形容词scientific“科学的”的副词形式scientifically“科学地”，用来修饰动词combine。故填scientifically。 【答案】 1．which 2．a 3．mirrors 4．to 5．and 6．shared 7．increasingly 8．adapting 9．to attract 10．generations 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了民间戏曲这一传统戏剧表演形式。 1．考查定语从句。句意：民间戏曲是一种传统的戏剧表演，它反映了一个国家遗产的核心和灵魂，为人们提供了一个了解丰富文化和艺术表达的窗口。“_____ reflects the heart and soul of a nation’s heritage”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a traditional dramatic performance，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 2．考查冠词。句意：这些深深植根于历史传统的表演展示了音乐、舞蹈和戏剧的一种动态融合，这种融合反映了生活方式、信仰和审美情趣。可数名词mixture在句中表示“一种融合”，泛指，且空格后单词dynamic是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这些深深植根于历史传统的表演展示了音乐、舞蹈和戏剧的动态融合，这种融合反映了生活方式、信仰和审美情趣。mirror(反映)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语 that(即先行词a dynamic mixture)之间是主动关系，句中陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语是单数名词，谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填mirrors。 4．考查介词。句意：民间戏曲往往传承了几个世纪，在全球范围内差异巨大，从中国京剧到印度的各种古典舞蹈剧。from...to...固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。故填to。 5．考查连词。句意：每种形式都有其独特的风格、音乐伴奏和主题内容，反映了其原生地的民族元素。词组unique style、musical accompaniment和thematic contents为并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是一种共同的体验，通过分享情感和共同的反应，将观众联系在一起，共同感受舞台上展开的关于爱情、英雄主义和灵性的永恒故事。提示词作定语，修饰名词emotions，share(共同拥有，共享)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语emotions之间是被动关系，应用过去分词shared作定语，表被动。故填shared。 考查副词。句意：在一个日益全球化的世界中，这些戏曲传统虽然面临挑战，但仍然具有韧性，在保持其根源的同时适应现代环境。提示词修饰过去分词globalized，应用副词increasingly作状语，意为“日益，越来越多地”。故填increasingly。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一个日益全球化的世界中，这些戏曲传统虽然面临挑战，但仍然具有韧性，在保持其根源的同时适应现代环境。“(adapt) to modern contexts”与“staying true to their roots”并列关系，作伴随状语，adapt(适应)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语these operatic traditions之间是主动关系，也应使用现在分词形式，表主动和伴随。故填adapting。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们继续吸引和启迪我们，提醒我们注意人类表达中各种文化线索所固有的力量和美。continue to do sth.为固定短语，意为“继续做某事”，用不定式to attract作宾语。故填to attract。 9．考查名词复数。句意：因此，民间戏曲不仅是一种表演，而且是文化身份演变的活生生的证明，是一个充满活力的世界，不断激励着一代又一代。可数名词generation作宾语，意为“一代(人)”，结合句意和常识，民间戏曲激励着一代又一代人，应用复数形式。故填generations。 【答案】 1．which 2．on 3．moments 4．excitedly 5．the 6．was released 7．earning 8．and 9．statement 10．cultural 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了《哈利·波特》系列电影主演们将在二十年后重聚，共同参加一档周年电视特别节目的消息，并介绍了相关背景信息和影响。 1．考查定语从句。句意：《哈利·波特》系列电影的主演们将在首部电影《哈利·波特与魔法石》上映二十年后重聚，共同参加一档周年电视特别节目，该节目定于2022年1月播出。空处为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“an anniversary television special”，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2．考查介词。句意：Daniel Radcliffe、Emma Watson和Rupert Grint分别在片中饰演了最好的朋友Harry、Hermione和Ron，他们在想象中的霍格沃茨学校布景上作为童星出道，在荧幕上长大。空处为介词构成固定搭配：on screen，意为“在屏幕上”。符合句意。故填on。 3．考查名词的数。句意：这档名为《哈利·波特20周年：回到霍格沃茨》的特别节目将深入采访全体演员，并展示八部电影的幕后瞬间。空处为名词形式；根据空后的“from the eight movies”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填moments。 4．考查副词。句意：Watson在她的Instagram页面上激动地表示：“《哈利·波特》是我的家，我的家人，我的世界，而Hermione仍然是我有史以来最喜欢的虚构角色。” 空处为副词形式修饰动词“said”。故填excitedly。 5．考查冠词。句意：根据J.K.罗琳的小说改编的电影始于2001年，而最后一部电影《哈利·波特与死亡圣器（下）》于2011年上映。空处为修饰名词，表示特指，用定冠词。故填the。 6．考查谓语动词。句意：根据J.K.罗琳的小说改编的电影始于2001年，而最后一部电影《哈利·波特与死亡圣器（下）》于2011年上映。空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“in 2011”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“the final film”，单数，和动词“release”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was released。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些电影在全球票房上取得了巨大成功，收入超过70亿美元，在主题公园、玩具、书籍和围巾等方面也创造了数千万美元的收益。空处为非谓语动词担当状语，主语“they”和动词“earn”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填earning。 8．考查连词。句意：这些电影在全球票房上取得了巨大成功，收入超过70亿美元，在主题公园、玩具、书籍和围巾等方面也创造了数千万美元的收益。空处为连词；空前“more than $7 billion at the global box office”和空后“millions more in theme parks, toys, books and scarves”之间为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 9．考查名词。句意：华纳兄弟全球儿童、年轻成人和经典电影部总裁Tom Ascheim在一份声明中表示：“《哈利·波特》之旅至少是神奇的。这档电视特别节目是向所有被这一文化现象所触动的人致敬。” 空处为名词形式担当宾语，根据空前的“a”可知，空处为名词单数。故填statement。 10．考查形容词。句意：华纳兄弟全球儿童、年轻成人和经典电影部总裁Tom Ascheim在一份声明中表示：“《哈利·波特》之旅至少是神奇的。这档电视特别节目是向所有被这一文化现象所触动的人致敬。”空处为形容词形式修饰名词“phenomenon”。故填cultural。 三、完形填空 When Shao Tianshuai was 14, her dance teacher told her she had expressive eyes and an oval face, which were best suited for Kunqu Opera. She didn’t pay much 1 to the comment until her mother 2 her to give the opera a try. In 2001, Shao 3 for the Northern Kunqu Opera Theater in Beijing and came out with flying colors. The theater company is the only 4 platform in northern China devoted to Kunqu, an existing form of Chinese opera with a history of around 600 years. Kunqu Opera, like many traditional Chinese operas, is 5 from one generation to another through singing demonstrations. It takes years to 6 basic skills, only after which performers can try and build their own 7 . “This type of opera was on the edge of decline (衰退) and the theater only had a dozen performances a year before I applied there,” says Shao. “However, the UNESCO tag gave the art a 8 life. The opera received government support and attracted the attention of young audiences.” Usually, she performs her regular shows. 9 , she arranges training for young performers and 10 on creating new pieces. She notes that two-thirds of the performers in the company are young, which injects energy to the theater founded over six decades ago. Now, at 36, she is one of the leading 11 of Northern Kunqu Opera Theater and gives 12 100 performances a year. Shao says, “In order to build up a young fan base, we use social media platforms and create original Kunqu Opera pieces, which 13   young people without changing the 14 of the art.” “The heartwarming part is that so many young people like Kunqu Opera performances, whether online or offline. They are 15 to learn and explore, and as actors we cannot ask for more,” says Shao. 1．A．attention B．access C．effort D．emphasis 2．A．aided B．persuaded C．requested D．begged 3．A．stood B．asked C．fought D．applied 4．A．professional B．international C．economical D．technical 5．A．turned down B．set down C．passed down D．settled down 6．A．master B．design C．admire D．track 7．A．audiences B．companies C．hobbies D．styles 8．A．smart B．fresh C．vivid D．confident 9．A．For reference B．For instance C．In addition D．In advance 10．A．holds B．counts C．lives D．focuses 11．A．hostesses B．waitresses C．actresses D．authoresses 12．A．nearly B．merely C．clearly D．hardly 13．A．admit B．attract C．account D．attempt 14．A．quantity B．form C．effect D．nature 15．A．intelligent B．amazed C．determined D．cautious 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍中国昆曲传承人邵天帅的故事。 【详解】1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到她妈妈劝她试一试昆曲，她才注意到这句话。A. attention注意；B. access入口；获得的机会；使用权；C. effort努力；D. emphasis重点。根据上文“her dance teacher told her she had expressive eyes and an oval face, which were best suited for Kunqu Opera”（她的舞蹈老师告诉她，她有一双富于表情的眼睛和一张椭圆形的脸，最适合昆曲表演）和下文“until her mother 　　　2　　her to give the opera a try”可知，在她妈妈劝她试一试昆曲表演之前，邵天帅对这份评价都不太关注，故选A。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到她妈妈劝她试一试昆剧，她才注意到这句话。A. aided协助；B. persuaded劝说；C. requested要求；D. begged乞求。根据下文“to give the opera a try”可知，这是妈妈对她的建议，劝她试一试。故选B。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2001年，邵天帅报考北京北方昆曲剧院，并以优异的成绩脱颖而出。A. stood站立；stand for代表；支持；B. asked询问；ask for要求；请求；C. fought战斗；fight for为……而战斗；D. applied申请；apply for申请。根据下文“the Northern Kunqu Opera Theater”可知，邵天帅申请了北方昆曲剧院，呼应下文“before I applied there”，故选D。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：昆曲剧团是中国北方地区唯一的昆曲专业演出平台，昆曲是一种已有600多年历史的中国戏曲形式。A. professional专业的；B. international国际的；C. economical经济的；D. technical技术的。根据下文“in northern China devoted to Kunqu”可知，北方昆曲剧院是中国北方唯一一个专业致力于昆曲艺术的平台，故选A。 5.考查动词短语辨析。句意：昆曲，像许多中国传统戏剧一样，是通过唱戏代代相传的。A. turned down拒绝；B. set down写下；C. passed down传承；D. settled down定居。根据下文“from one generation to another through singing demonstrations”可知，昆曲艺术是一代代传承下来的，故选C。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：表演者需要数年时间才能掌握基本技能，之后才能尝试建立自己的风格。A. master掌握；B. design设计；C. admire钦佩；D. track追踪。根据上文“It takes years”可知，昆曲艺术需要很多年来掌握基本技巧，在此之后才能尝试建立自己的风格，故选A。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：表演者需要数年时间才能掌握基本技能，之后才能尝试建立自己的风格。A. audiences观众；B. companies公司；陪伴；C. hobbies兴趣爱好；D. styles风格。根据上文“only after which performers can try and”可知，掌握基本技能之后，才能试着建立自己的表演风格。故选D。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，联合国教科文组织的标签给了这门艺术一个新的生命。A. smart聪明的；B. fresh新鲜的；C. vivid生动的；D. confident自信的。根据上文“This type of opera was on the edge of decline (衰退)”以及“However, the UNESCO tag gave the art”可知，前后表示转折，这种类型的戏曲正处于衰落的边缘，然而，联合国教科文组织给了昆曲新生，故选B。 9. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：另外，她会为年轻表演者安排培训，并专注于创作新作品。A. For reference以供参考，备案；B. For instance例如；C. In addition此外，另外；D. In advance提前。根据上文“Usually, she performs her regular shows”可知，除了常规的表演之外，邵天帅还给年轻的演员们安排训练并专注于创造新的节目，故选C。 10.考查动词词义辨析。句意：另外，她会为年轻表演者安排培训，并专注于创作新作品。A. holds握着；hold on不挂断电话；继续；B. counts数数；count on指望；C. lives生活；live on靠……生活；D. focuses关注；focus on专注于。根据下文“creating new pieces”可知，除了常规的表演之外，邵天帅还给年轻的演员们安排训练并专注于创造新的节目，故选D。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，36岁的她是北方昆曲剧院的女主角之一，每年演出近100场。A. hostesses女主人；B. waitresses女服务员；C. actresses女演员；D. authoresses女作家。根据下文“100 performances a year”可知，邵天帅现在是北方昆曲剧院的主要演员之一，故选C。 12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在，36岁的她是北方昆曲剧院的女主角之一，每年演出近100场。A. nearly几乎；B. merely仅仅 ；C. clearly清晰地；D. hardly几乎不。根据上文“Now, at 36, she is one of the leading”可知，邵天帅一年有近一百场演出，故选A。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：邵天帅说：“为了建立一个年轻的粉丝群体，我们使用社交媒体平台，创作原创昆曲作品，在不改变艺术本质的情况下吸引年轻人。”A. admit承认；B. attract吸引；C. account解释；D. attempt尝试。根据上文“In order to build up a young fan base”和“we use social media platforms and create original Kunqu Opera pieces”可知，使用社交网络发表原创昆曲剧目，是为了建立年轻的粉丝基础，这既能吸引年轻人，又不会改变艺术的本质，故选B。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：邵天帅说：“为了建立一个年轻的粉丝群体，我们使用社交媒体平台，创作原创昆曲作品，在不改变艺术本质的情况下吸引年轻人。”。A. quantity数量；B. form形式；C. effect影响；D. nature本质。根据上文“we use social media platforms and create original Kunqu Opera pieces”可知，使用社交网络发表原创昆曲剧目，既能吸引年轻人，又不会改变艺术的本质，故选D。 15.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“令人欣慰的是，有这么多年轻人喜欢昆曲表演，无论是线上还是线下。他们决心学习和探索，作为演员，我们不能要求更多。”。A. intelligent有智慧的；B. amazed惊奇的；C. determined下定决心的；D. cautious小心的。根据上文“so many young people like Kunqu Opera performances”可知，年轻人们喜欢昆曲表演，所以会决心学习和探索昆曲，故选C。 翻转总结： 重点单词短语回顾 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$