必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS(Word讲义)-【赢在微点·顶层设计】2026年高中英语高考一轮总复习过重点(人教版2019)

UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 重点1　练学核心词汇 加黑体词语是必修第一册 UNIT 3 的词汇复现,如有遗忘请及时回顾。 　 教材里寻金　 1.Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept (sweep) away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea quake struck (strike) around 7:00 am, Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island.  2.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. 3.In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2,498, and one million more were affected (affect) by the tsunami, government officials said.  4.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom (wise) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. ◆敲黑板 第2题用了比喻的修辞手法。 高考这样考　 1.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he 　　　　(suffer) from terrible back pain. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)  答案与解析　suffered　空处在定语从句中作谓语,且时间状语是20 years ago, 故谓语用一般过去时,填suffered。 2.Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s 　　　　(suffer) so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)  答案与解析　suffering　空处作宾语,且空前是名词所有格,故填名词,结合语境“减轻狗的痛苦”可知,此处填名词suffering。 3.I bought a desk and asked for it 　　　　(deliver) to my house this Friday. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)  答案与解析　to be delivered　ask for sth. to be done “要求……被做……”,deliver与it是动宾关系,故此处用不定式的被动语态,填to be delivered。 4.You choose which 　　　　(long) you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)  答案与解析　length　空处作宾语,结合语境“选择你想要的长度”可指,此处应用名词,填length。 5.If I ever get 　　　　(trap) outside my house again, my local telephone box will, 　　　　(sad), no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife 　　　　(rescue) me. (2024·浙江高考1月)  答案与解析　trapped; sadly; to rescue　第一空作表语,表“被困的”,填trapped;第二空作状语,应用副词,填sadly;第三空作状语,表目的,应用不定式,填to rescue。 词缀记忆法　名词后缀-th表示性质、状态、动作或结果等 直接+ ①grow增长;生长;成长→growth增长;生长;成长; ②warm温暖的→warmth温暖 去e+ ③deep深的→depth深度; ④true真的→truth真相;真理; ⑤wide宽的→width宽度 o变e+ ⑥long长的→length长度; ⑦strong强壮的→strength力量 特殊记 ⑧dead死的→death死亡; ⑨young年轻的→youth青春,青年 　 1.power n. 电力供应;能量;力量;控制力　 vt. 驱动;推动 练基础　单句语法填空 ①You have the power to build (build) a happy and healthy life full of good habits! (选必3)  ②Beyond the act of planting, sowing seeds is a powerful (power) symbol of investing in the future, where patience and care bring forth abundant rewards. ③One ran on the sustainable mixture. The other was powered (power) by traditional airplane fuel to ensure safety.  微写作　续写尾句主旨升华 他母亲说得对:永远不要低估改变的力量,一个简单的举动就能产生巨大的影响。 ④His mother was right: Never underestimate the power of change and one simple act can make a huge difference.  ◆敲黑板 高考阅读中经常出现由power及其派生词powered构成的合成词和语块,如历年高考试题中曾出现的: willpower n. 意志力; battery-powered adj. 电池供电的; self-powered adj. 自供电的; mixed-power adj. 混合动力的; power plant 发电厂; electric power 电力。 2.易用混的“影响”effect和affect 用affect/effect的正确形式填空 ①One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. (2023·北京高考) ②More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a effect on the risk of dementia. (2022·浙江高考) ③I learned from her eyes that she was a kind, caring and sympathetic person who showed concern for those affected by the fire. ④We hugged, talked, laughed and listened with fresh affection and gratitude. ⑤Affected by those selfless doctors, I have developed a deep affection for the career. 微写作　仿效第④小题写句 她双手托着下巴,深情且感激地回顾那些日子。 ⑥She rested her chin in her hands, and looked back on those days with affection and gratitude.  ◆敲黑板 ①be deeply/greatly affected by... 被……深深打动; be affected with ... 染上……疾病; ②show/have/feel much/an affection for ... (非常)喜欢……,(非常)喜爱……; ③have an effect on ... 对……有影响 3.容易写错的以-y结尾的动词形式变化 ①At the beginning of term, students are supplied (supply) with a list of books that they are expected to read.  ②The tornado destroyed (destroy) everything in its path the other day. ③I was relieved to see the graceful girl accompanied (accompany) by her new friends. ④The positive athlete smiled, laid (lay) the bill on the paper, conveyed (convey) his gratitude, and then walked away. ◆敲黑板 ①以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词,其过去式、过去分词直接加-ed; ②以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,其过去式、过去分词变y为i再加-ed; ③特殊:fly—flew—flown; lay—laid—laid; say—said—said; pay—paid—paid 4.续写亮词——动词flood和sweep 用动词flood和sweep补全句子 ①Mary felt a wave of anger sweep over/flood over her (一阵愤怒).  ②A wave/burst of panic swept over/flooded over her (她感到一阵惊慌), but she forced herself to leave the room calmly.  ③Bitter memories came flooding back (痛苦的回忆涌上心头) when he drove by the bridge.  ◆敲黑板 a burst/wave/sense/feeling of+表情感状态的名词+flood/sweep over+sb.,表“某人感到……” 　 Ⅰ.词形转换和动词形式变化 1.Locally produced tea, herbs and milk products are sold nationwide through the express 　　　　(deliver) network.  答案与解析　delivery　空处修饰名词network,结合语境“快递网络”可知,此处指运输,应用名词作定语,填delivery。 2.Depending on what those goals are, there might be a number of ways to achieve them that 　　　　(be) more 　　　　(effect), more fun, more convenient.  答案与解析　are; effective　句意:根据目标的不同,可能会有一些更有效、更有趣、更方便的方法来实现这些目标。第一空作从句谓语,先行词是a number of ways,谓语用复数,故填are;第二空为形容词形式,和下文“fun、convenient”并列,作表语,故填effective。 练通a number of/the number of的易错点 ①With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. (2023·全国乙卷) ②Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected (expect) to grow even higher over the next few days.  ③A number of houses were destroyed (destroy) in the explosion, leaving the public extremely shocked.  ◆敲黑板 a number of 意为“许多的”,后接复数名词作主语时,谓语用复数形式。 the number of 意为“……的数量”,其后接复数名词,谓语用单数形式。 3.Illegal land reclamation (开垦) of tea mountains and the 　　　　(destroy) of plant resources have occurred frequently, 　　　　(damage) the environment in the area around Mount Wuyi.  答案与解析　destruction; damaging　句意:非法开垦茶山和对植物资源的破坏经常发生,毁坏了武夷山一带的环境。第一空作主语,空前是定冠词the, 空后是介词of,故空处填名词destruction; 分析句子可知,第二空为句子的结果状语,应用现在分词表自然而然的结果,故填damaging。 4.Shadow play, a conventional form of theatrical entertainment, 　　　　(survive) for centuries.  答案与解析　has survived　根据“for centuries”可知,本句为现在完成时,主语为单数,谓语用单数,故填has survived。 5.There are idioms, and cultural references that require human interpretation and 　　　　(context) understanding.   答案与解析　contextual　空处作定语,修饰名词understanding, 应用形容词,表“与上下文有关的;与语境相关的”,填contextual。 6.I had a 　　　　(disaster) experience in Barcelona. The place didn’t look anything like the photos. The accommodation was rather expensive.  答案与解析　disastrous　空处作定语,修饰名词experience, 表“灾难性的”,填disastrous。 7.Bringing the 　　　　(calm) of nature indoors throughout the seasons, real wood floors are an ideal way of introducing warmth, pattern and character in a sustainable way. (Reader’s Digest)  答案与解析　calmness　空处作宾语,且空前是定冠词the,故填名词,此处表“大自然的平静”,填calmness。 Ⅱ.串记一词多义,推测合成词汇 一词多义(strike) a.撞;碰;撞击;碰撞　b.突然想到　c.划(火柴);击出(火星)　d.敲;鸣;报时　e.侵袭;爆发　f.给(某人以……)印象 1.A terrible tsunami ①struck the city. Due to the power failure, the famous athlete had to ②strike a match to light a candle. But she almost ③struck her head on the edge of the table. As she learned about the people’s suffering, it ④struck her that she could sell all her medals in a charity sale to raise money for the people affected. When the clock ⑤struck 10, the sale ended. The charity sale ⑥struck the people as touching. ①　e　　②　c　　③　a　　④　b　　⑤　d　  ⑥　f　  合成词汇 2.From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读) 　　　  答案与解析　激动人心的;令人赞叹的　breath(呼吸)+take (带走)+-ing→能够带走人呼吸的→breathtaking adj. 激动人心的;令人赞叹的。take one’s breath away “令人惊叹; 让人叹绝”。 Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配 The people in Wenchuan county will never fail to remember the day 12 May, 2008. The 8.0-magnitude earthquake killed over 80,000 people, ①leaving (leave) many more injured and many towns and counties reduced to ②ruins (ruin). Though ③in shock, people from all over China did everything ④in their power to carry out the rescue work and emergency ⑤supplies (supply) flooded in. Now, over one decade on, the people who suffered the ⑥destructive (destroy) earthquake are living a new life. Many live in new towns ⑦which/that are earthquake-safe, in local communities beautifully rebuilt by the government. The people will never forget those ⑧rescuing (rescue) them and helping them rebuild their home. Out of gratitude, a number of young adults have chosen to study medicine or join the army in an effort ⑨to help (help) more people. Wenchuan, the county that was once completely destroyed and then completely revived ⑩itself (it) and got back up on its feet (foot), has become a symbol of the Chinese spirit of never giving up.  The Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964 was one of the biggest ①disasters (disaster) in the earth science. As it was a holiday, many people were at home. Everything was going on as usual ②when people’s houses ③shook (shake). Buildings ④cracked (crack) and water pipes burst. It lasted more than four minutes and many people were buried under the ⑤ruins (ruin), who waited for rescue workers to come ⑥to their rescue. The earthquake left people ⑦in shock and destroyed many towns and a great number of people suffered ⑧from the disaster. However, they all did everything in their power ⑨to rebuild (rebuild) the city.  重点2　热考句式和单元语法 加黑体词语是必修第一册 UNIT 4 的词汇复现,如有遗忘请及时回顾。 教材里寻金　 1.However, dangerous conditions and damaged (damage) roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. 2.Rescue workers must have big hearts, too. It takes a lot of love and courage to risk (risk) one’s own life to save someone else’s.  3.The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that/which crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing (kill) more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. 高考这样考　 1.All the different hallways and rooms were too much 　　　　(think) about, let alone commit to memory. (2024·浙江高考1月)  答案与解析　to think　句意:所有不同的走廊和房间都让人难以想象,更不用说记忆了。此处是固定句式too ... to do “太……而不能……”,故填to think。 2.Indoor plants might look as 　　　　they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung of the home. (2023·全国乙卷) 答案与解析　if/though　as if/though “好像;仿佛”。  3.I 　　　　(read) a book in the classroom when there was an announcement. (2024·北京高考)  答案与解析　was reading　此处是固定句式be doing sth. when ... “正在做……这时……”,故填was doing。 　 1.too ... to ... 等固定句型中的不定式 练基础　单句语法填空 ①Young people are too busy to interact (interact) with nature. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)  ②Heart hammering, he pushed his cart after them. They stopped and so did he, just near enough to hear (hear) what they were saying. (续写动作+情感描写)  ③More highways have been built in China, making it easier for people to get (get) around.  ④To the survivor with great wisdom, the question was easy to answer (answer).  微写作　 第二天早上,哈利五点就醒了。他既兴奋又紧张,再也睡不着了。 ⑤Harry woke at five o’clock the next morning and was too excited and nervous to go back to sleep.   ◆敲黑板 ①不定式作状语常用于too ... to ..., enough ... to do, only to do等结构中;②主语+be+adj.+to do中,形容词常为easy、 hard、 expensive、 comfortable、 suitable、 fit、 important、 impossible等;③make it+adj.+to do sth.结构, it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式。 2.读外刊练单元语法(限制性定语从句) | The Guardian 用恰当的关系词或所给词的正确形式填空 　　One year ago, the 83-year-old lost everything ①that she owned, narrowly escaping fireballs and falling trees in the Maui wildfires ②that/which burned her home in the historical town of Lahaina. The blaze was the deadliest US wildfire in a century, ③killing (kill) 102 people and displacing at least 8,000. Starting over this late in life in Nevada has not been easy. She arrived last year in Las Vegas, home to a growing community of transplants from Hawaii, ④where she joined other family members. More than 4,000 Maui residents and survivors have left the island since last year, with many ⑤who were pushed by the 8th August 2023 wildfires. 重点3　最提分微写作 应用文写作练　活动类作文3段式:活动的时间、地点或目的→活动详情介绍→期待参加 用本单元所学词汇、句式和语法知识完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。 假定你是高三学生李华。在全国防灾减灾日到来之际,你们学校开展了一次以“安全进校园”为主题的教育活动。你校国际部交换生Jim对此很感兴趣,发来邮件询问。请你用英文给他回复,内容包括:1.活动目的;2.活动安排。 第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达(加黑体部分请用本单元所复习的词汇和句式) 1.得知你对“安全教育进校园”活动很感兴趣,我很高兴与你分享。 Learning that you are interested in the “Safety Education into Campus” event, I am glad to share it with you.  2.为响应全国防灾减灾日,我们学校组织了一些活动以提高我们在紧急情况下的自我保护意识。 In response to the National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day, our school organized activities to raise our awareness of self-protection in the face of emergencies.  3.一位来自专业救援队的专家就火灾、地震等灾害发生时如何应对做讲座,为我们提供了疏散的基本知识。 An expert from a professional rescue team delivered a lecture on how to react when disasters strike us, such as fires and earthquakes, equipping us with basics of evacuation. (分词短语作状语)  4.我们制作了有关应对灾害的实用技巧的小册子,并在校园里分发,以进一步向学生传播安全知识。 We made brochures concerning the practical tips on dealing with disasters and handed them out on campus to further spread the safety knowledge among students.  5.我为你准备了一本英文小册子。希望能有所帮助。 I have prepared an English brochure for you. Hope it will help.  第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(请利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇,如firstly、 besides等) 范文　 Dear Jim, Learning that you are interested in the “Safety Education into Campus” event, I am glad to share it with you. In response to the National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day, our school organized activities to raise our awareness of self-protection in the face of emergencies. Firstly, an expert from a professional rescue team delivered a lecture on how to react when disasters strike us, such as fires and earthquakes, equipping us with basics of evacuation. Besides, we made brochures concerning the practical tips on dealing with disasters and handed them out on campus to further spread the safety knowledge among students. I have prepared an English brochure for you. Hope it will help. Yours, Li Hua 续写微场景练　(主题:遇险求生——等待救援→受困时的恐惧→被救后的感悟) 根据续写故事情节和黑体部分的提示, 利用本单元词汇和句式补全续写场景,并背诵。 保罗和救援队努力寻找斯科特,并在一个封闭的空间里找到了他,以令人难以置信的幸存结束了这个意外事故。回想起那次可怕的经历,斯科特感谢他的朋友和救援队。当斯科特被困在雪下时,他恐慌不已,希望保罗没有被埋得那么深。他紧紧抓住那微弱的可能性,就像抓住一根能把他拉到安全地带的绳子一样。他费力地吸了几口气,努力通过专注呼吸来保持冷静。时间缓缓流逝。他刚要放弃希望,这时援助到了。在那百万分之一的机会中,他们做到了。阴沉的天空放晴,保罗和斯科特尽情呼吸着新鲜空气,感受生命的重生。 ①With great efforts, Paul and the rescue team located Scott and found him alive in an enclosed space, ②ending the accident with an incredible survival. Recalling the frightening experience, Scott thanked his friend and the rescue team. ③When Scott was trapped under snow, waves of panic swept over him (时间状语从句+无灵主语句), hoping that ④Paul was not buried so deep. He held on to that faint possibility like a rope which could pull him to safety. He painstakingly took only tiny breaths, ⑤fighting to stay calm by focusing on breathing (分词短语作状语). Time ticked away slowly. ⑥He was about to give up hope when the aid arrived. In that one-in-a-million chance, they made it. With the dull sky clearing up, both Paul and Scott breathed in the fresh air with abandon, feeling the rebirth of life. 仿写(加黑部分)温暖的阳光照进来,他们享受着彼此的陪伴,感到一阵温暖和感激。 ⑦With the warm sunlight flooding in, they enjoyed the company of each other, feeling a wave of warmth and appreciation. 假定你校英文网站请你写一篇地震中如何生存的博文,请你按要求写一篇短文发在网站上。 第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达(加黑体部分请用本单元所复习的词汇和句式) 1.如果地震来袭,我们能做什么来生存? If an earthquake strikes, what can we do to survive?  2.保持冷静。地震来袭时,你不应该吓得往楼下跑,而应躲在书桌或桌子下,因为损坏的楼梯很容易倒塌。 Keep/Stay calm. When the earthquake strikes, you shouldn’t run downstairs in shock, but shelter yourself under a desk or table, for the damaged stairs can fall down easily.   3.尽量节省精力。困在废墟里,不要一直呼救。 Try to save energy. Trapped in ruins, don’t cry for help all the time.   4.鼓励自己坚持下去,确保保持清醒。 You should encourage yourself to hold on. Make sure you keep awake.   5.等待营救时努力自救。 Make efforts/Do everything in your power to save yourself actively when waiting for rescue.   6.敲东西发出求救信号也有用。 It is helpful to tap things to send signals for help.  第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(请利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇) 范文　 　　If an earthquake strikes, what can we do to survive? First, keep/stay calm. When the earthquake strikes, you shouldn’t run downstairs in shock, but shelter yourself under a desk or table, for the damaged stairs can fall down easily. Second, try to save energy. Trapped in ruins, don’t cry for help all the time. You should encourage yourself to hold on. Make sure you keep awake. Besides, make efforts/do everything in your power to save yourself actively when waiting for rescue. Finally, it is helpful to tap things to send signals for help. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$