必修第一册 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD(Word讲义)-【赢在微点·顶层设计】2026年高中英语高考一轮总复习过重点(人教版2019)

UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD 重点1　练学核心词汇 加黑体词语是必修第一册 UNIT 4 的词汇复现,如有遗忘请及时回顾。 　 教材里寻金　 1.When I entered senior high school, my attitude to/towards language learning changed. 2.Many Chinese characters symbolise (symbol) their meanings, unlike English words which are spelt (spell) out according to how they sound.  3.Our relationship is close and we’re equals/equal (equal), so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. 4.China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which/that has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. 高考这样考　 1.Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better 　　　　(globe) coverage. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)  答案与解析　global　空处作定语,修饰名词coverage,表“全球的;全面的”,填global。 2.The reasons relate 　　　　a variety of 　　　　(factor), including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)  答案与解析　to; factors　第一空是动词短语relate to“与……相关;涉及”; 第二空前是a variety of,故空处填复数名词factors。 3.First, a girl I met one day told me she was training for a “super,” referring 　　　　a 52.4-mile double marathon. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)  答案与解析　to　此处是动词短语refer to “描述;涉及;与……相关”,填介词to。 4.　　　　 (specific), it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By 　　　　(connect) through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)  答案与解析　Specifically; connecting　第一空作状语,应用副词,填Specifically;第二空作介词By的宾语,应填动名词connecting。 5.Hmm, your 　　　　(describe) really teaches me something about 　　　　(appreciate) abstract art. (2024·浙江高考1月)  答案与解析　description; appreciating　第一空作主语,且谓语是teaches,故填名词description; 第二空作介词about的宾语,应填动名词appreciating。 6.So, what are they learning? 　　　　(basic), how to describe a panda’s life. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)  答案与解析　Basically　分析句子结构可知,空处作状语修饰整个句子,应用副词,由于本空位于句首,首字母需要大写,故填Basically。 词缀记忆法　词尾为-ic的形容词变副词 加-ally ①basic基本的;根本的→basically基本上;根本上; ②specific具体的→specifically具体地; ③systematic系统的→systematically系统地; ④symbolic象征性的→symbolically象征性地; ⑤automatic自动的→automatically 自动地; ⑥enthusiastic热情的→enthusiastically热情地; ⑦scientific科学的→scientifically科学地 特殊变化 ⑧public公开的→publicly公众地 　 1.refer vi. ①提到;参考;查阅　vt. ②查询 ③叫……求助于 练基础　单句语法填空 ①The librarian referred to the library rules to the students, adding, “Reference books must not be removed from the reading room.” (refer) ②The book he referred to covered (cover) such a wide variety of topics that it was well received. ③A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart. (2022·天津高考) 微写作　应用文写作之祝贺信 你不仅查阅了丰富的资源,还咨询了许多当地人和专业人士,这使你对中国文化有了全面的了解。 ④Not only did you refer to abundant resources, but you also consulted many locals and professionals, which equipped you with a comprehensive knowledge of Chinese culture. (倒装句,非限制性定语从句)  ◆敲黑板 做题时注意剔除修饰成分,如定语、状语等,有助于正确答题,如第②小题。 2.date用法和表“追溯到,起源于”的短语 ①The Qingming Festival dates (date) back more than 2,500 years and it originated from Hanshi Day, meaning “a day with cold food only”. ②Shuttlecock (毽子) kicking is a traditional popular folk game, dating (date) as far back as the Han Dynasty. ③The Mogao Caves were previously a storage place of many Tibetan paintings on cloth, including the earliest surviving Thangka dated (date) to be from around vt. 鉴定/确定……的年代 780—848 AD. ④To date, she has donated (donate) emergency supplies, valued at approximately $15,000, commanding community respect.  ⑤His mother comes from an acting dynasty that goes (go) back to the late 18th century. (Reader’s Digest) ⑥Although the source of the maypole tradition is unknown, it can be traced (trace) back to medieval times and is still used in May Day festivities in some places today. (Reader’s Digest)  ◆敲黑板 ①be traced back to/go back to/date back to/date from+时代/朝代/世纪　追溯到……时代/朝代/世纪; ②date back/go back+时间段　追溯到……年前; ③originate from/in 起源于/起源于某地; ④to date 到目前为止。 　 Ⅰ.词形转换和动词形式变化 1.Environmental agencies estimate that 10 percent of all seawater litter is lost or deserted fishing tool 　　　　(equal) 640,000 tons every year.  答案与解析　equaling　分析句子结构可知,宾语从句中已有谓语is,空处为非谓语,fishing tool 与equal“等于”是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作定语,填equaling。 2.　　　　 (regard) as one of China’s National Foods, the Peking Duck is one of the top popular Chinese dishes.  答案与解析　Regarded　空处作状语,regard“认为,把……看作” 与the Peking Duck是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作状语,空处位于句首,首字母大写,填Regarded。 be regarded as固定搭配,意为“被认为”。 3.I learn from her and grow in confidence when her big brown eyes tell me I’m doing a good job, or when she licks my hand, 　　　　(appreciate) of my efforts.   答案与解析　appreciative　空处作状语,说明主语she的状态,应用形容词,表“感激的;感谢的”,填appreciative。 4.　　　　 (billion) of dollars in the investment have been accompanied by a 　　　　(system) weakening of the religion and culture, along with tight restrictions on movement and communication.   答案与解析　Billions; systematic　第一空是短语billions of “数十亿的”,且空处置于句首,首字母大写,故填Billions;第二空作定语,修饰名词weakening,表“系统的”,填systematic。 5.Less contact with colleagues and a weaker sense of community could create stress that leads people to feel that their work is more 　　　　(demand) than they previously thought. (The Wall Street Journal)  答案与解析　demanding　空处作表语,应用形容词,与空前的more构成比较级,表“要求高的;需要高技能(或耐性等)的;费力的”,填demanding。 6.Matt found it surprising to witness a homeless guy 　　　　(struggle) to find a job despite difficult circumstances. The man in front of him looked nothing like a 　　　　(beg) in depression. (Financial Times)   答案与解析　struggling; beggar　第一空作宾补,a homeless guy与struggle是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作宾补,填struggling;第二空填名词,结合语境“绝不像沮丧的乞丐”可知,此处填名词beggar。 Ⅱ.串记一词多义,推测派生词汇 一词多义(struggle) a. v. 奋斗;努力;争取　b. v. 艰难地行进;吃力地进行　c. v. 斗争;抗争　d. v. 搏斗;扭打;挣扎脱身　e. v. 争夺;辩论 　f. n. 斗争;奋斗;努力 　g. n. 搏斗;扭打　h. n. 难事 1.I was ①struggling up the hill with the heavy bags when I lost my footing and fell about 150 feet. I felt my left leg injured. I ②struggled and screamed for help. Though it was really a ③struggle for the rescue team to offer aid, they would not give up without a ④struggle. Eventually, they ⑤struggled to reach me and lifted me to safety. I ⑥struggled for breath, feeling relieved that I survived. ①　b　　②　d　　③　h　　④　f　　⑤　a　 ⑥　a　  派生词汇　 2.In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读) 　　　  答案与解析　相互关联的　cor-和……一道/一起+related 有联系的→correlated adj. 相互关联的。 Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配 　　The history of Chinese characters dates ①back at least several thousand years. It is generally agreed that hanzi began as simple pictures ②that/which the ancient Chinese people drew, painted, or carved ③to describe (describe) nature or their lives. Other ancient cultures developed picture-based writing systems as well. Hanzi, however, is the only one of these ancient writing systems to survive.  Researchers generally agree that the oldest ④symbols (symbol) recognisable as Chinese characters, referred to as jiaguwen, ⑤were carved (carve) on turtle shells or bones of animals. The jiaguwen can give us insight into how ancient Chinese saw the world around them ⑥and into their great creativity in expressing their observations. Over thousands of years, this hanzi evolved into ⑦a variety of different forms but finally developed in a more stable manner after the unification of China under Emperor Qinshihuang.  Chinese characters and Chinese culture are inseparably linked. China’s unified writing system forms a strong bridge connecting the Chinese people and culture of the present ⑧with those of the past. As China takes its place in the international community, many international students are studying Chinese, both the spoken and ⑨written (write) language, and are coming ⑩to appreciate (appreciate) China’s fascinating culture.   　　My love for Chinese can date back to my childhood. ①Despite the fact that there are various Chinese ②characters (character), I have been struggling ③to learn (learn) it well. However, with confusing dialects, it was really ④a struggle for me to understand what the natives of Chinese said. However, ⑤by no means did I give up.Whenever I come across a new character, I always refer ⑥to the dictionary. Gradually, I am equal to ⑦working (work) as a qualified interpreter.  From my point of view, though one may have trouble learning a foreign language, one needs to think positively. Additionally, the harder one works, the ⑧better (well) one will learn it. 重点2　热考句式和单元语法 加黑体词语是必修第一册 UNIT 5 的词汇复现,如有遗忘请及时回顾。 教材里寻金　 1.I had finally come to a place where I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view. 2.Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters. 3.I finally understood the reason why my mum had encouraged me not to give (give) up.  高考这样考　 1.The roads there went through large valleys 　　　　I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)  答案与解析　where　空处引导定语从句,先行词是valleys,指地点,从句中缺少地点状语,故用关系副词where引导定语从句。 2.It felt great to know that I 　　　　(help) bring this family together again. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)  答案与解析　had helped　从句谓语先于主句谓语felt之前发生,表过去的过去,应用过去完成时,填had helped。 3.And the reason 　　　　they got so much stronger and fitter was 　　　　their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)  答案与解析　why; that　the reason why ... is that “……的原因是……”。 ◆敲黑板 reason在定语从句中作先行词,从句缺少原因状语用why引导定语从句,如缺少主语或宾语,用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。 　 1.过去完成时(had done)的判断 ①By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600—1046 BCE), these symbols had become (become) a well-developed writing system.  ②It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked (work) outside China, and the team won high praise for their bravery and skill. (必1)  ③Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled (roll) away before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. (译林必3)  ④By the end of August 1944, the Allies had reached (reach) the River Seine, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed (remove) from north-west France. (外研选必3)  ⑤However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped (hope) for, she finally got purple hair. (2023·全国乙卷)  ◆敲重点 过去完成时的用法小结 ①表示“过去的过去”,常见的时间状语有:by+过去的时间点、 by the end of +过去的时间点、 before+过去的时间点等;②常用于一些固定句式中,如hardly/scarcely had sb. done ... when sb. did sth., no sooner had sb. done ... than sb. did sth., It/ This/That was the first/second/... time that sb. had done sth.;③had planned/intended/hoped 过去计划/希望做某事而未做成;④在过去某一动作或某一时间之前发生的动作,用过去完成时。 2.读外刊练单元语法(限制性定语从句) | CNN 　　“Pretty early on, I realized that it’s best to plan with no plan,” he says. “So, just talk to the locals, and people ①who are traveling through the area and figure out the best places to go based on the opportunities ②that/which present themselves to you instead of planning everything before you get there.” His parents have been following his progress closely and are “very jealous”, according to Swanson ③who has been detailing his adventures on his blog, “Two Wheels One World”. The reason ④why they are kind of living through him is that they want to do a trip like this in a few years. On June 16, nearly two years after beginning the adventure ⑤that/which he’d spent years dreaming about, Swanson, now 19, arrived back in Minnesota ⑥where he was reunited with his thrilled friends and family. 重点3　最提分微写作 应用文写作练　帖子(语言学习)3段式:背景→建议→期待评论 用本单元所学词汇、句式和语法知识完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。 假定你在某外语学习交流网站看到很多外国友人发帖,寻求提高汉语的建议。请你写一篇帖子,提出一些实用的建议。 第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达(加黑体部分请用本单元所复习的词汇和句式) 1.对于那些觉得学好中文很费力的人,我的建议可能有所帮助。(定语从句) As for those who find it a struggle to learn Chinese well, my advice may be helpful.   2.正如语言学习一样,学习汉语也需要练习。(定语从句) As is always the case with language learning, learning Chinese also demands practice.  3.阅读与汉语相关的书籍至关重要,以此扩大词汇量。(分词作状语) It’s of great importance to read books that are related to Chinese, thus expanding your vocabulary.  4.多和当地人交流。因为你与当地人用汉语交流得越多,你就会说得越流利。 Communicate more with the natives. That is because the more you communicate with the natives in Chinese, the more fluently you will speak.   5.除此之外,同样重要的是看一些中文电影或电视节目。 Aside from that, equally important is to watch some Chinese films or TV programs.   6.无论学习汉语有什么困难,都要有积极的态度。 Take a positive attitude no matter what trouble you may have learning Chinese.  7.期待你的评论。 Anticipating your comments.  第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(请利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇,如moreover、 firstly、 last but not least等) 范文　 　　As for those who find it a struggle to learn Chinese well, my advice may be helpful. As is always the case with language learning, learning Chinese also demands practice. Firstly, it’s of great importance to read books that are related to Chinese, thus expanding your vocabulary. Moreover, communicate more with the natives. That is because the more you communicate with the natives in Chinese, the more fluently you will speak. Aside from that, equally important is to watch some Chinese films or TV programs. Last but not least, take a positive attitude no matter what trouble you may have learning Chinese. Anticipating your comments. 续写微场景练　(主题:险境求生——遇到危险→试图自救未果→出现转机→被救→感激→感悟) 根据续写故事情节和黑体部分的提示, 利用本单元词汇和句式补全续写场景,并背诵。 我吓坏了,慢慢地走着,心怦怦直跳。狗不停地叫,好像要把我吞了。尽管我努力保持镇静,但双腿一直打颤。突然其中一只狗向我猛冲过来。就在此时,一辆皮卡出现了。司机拼命按喇叭,把狗吓跑了。我松了口气,向他表示衷心的感谢,他提醒我,旅行时安全第一。在继续爬山的过程中,我更小心了。毕竟,生命最珍贵。 Terrified, I slowly kept walking, my heart pounding. The dogs continued to bark as if to swallow me. ①Despite my struggle to remain calm, trembling legs betrayed me. Suddenly, one of the dogs aggressively charged at me. Just at this very moment, a pickup appeared. The driver honked his horn hard, ②scaring the dogs away. Relieved, ③I extended my sincere appreciation to him, as he reminded me that safety comes first while travelling. I was much more cautious as I continued my climb. After all, nothing is more precious than life. 仿写(加黑部分)我既紧张又害怕,努力保持镇静,但双腿一直打颤,心也怦怦直跳。 ④Nervous and frightened, I struggled to remain calm, but trembling legs betrayed me and my heart pounded. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$