Unit 3 Same or different Section B ( 1a-3c )知识点精讲精练 2025-2026学年人教版（2024）八年级英语上册

Unit 3 Same or different Section B ( 1a-3c )知识点精讲精练 重点词汇解析 1. Some people think that friends should be alike, but some other people think that friends should be different. 有些人认为朋友应该是相似的，但是有些人认为朋友应该是不同的。 alike 的词义及用法​ 形容词：相像的；相似的（常作表语，不作定语）。​ 例句：The two brothers look alike.（这两兄弟长得很像。）​ 副词：同样地；相似地。​ 例句：They dress alike.（他们穿着相似。）​ 搭配​ look alike：看起来相像​think alike：想法一致​​ alike in：在…… 方面相似​ 例句：They are alike in hobbies.（他们在爱好方面相似。）​ 拓展​ alike 与 similar 近义，都表示 “相似的”，但 alike 只能作表语，similar 可作定语和表语。例如：They have similar interests.（他们有相似的兴趣。）​ 即学即练：​ 1. The two girls look ______ .​ 2. They think ______ on this problem.​ 3. The twins are ______in many ways.​ 4. My sister and I dress ______.​ 5. The two houses are ______ in size.​ different 的词义及用法​​​ 形容词：不同的；有差异的。​ 例句：These two books are different.（这两本书不一样。）​ 例句：She has a different idea.（她有不同的想法。）​ 名词：difference（不同；差异）​ There are many differences between them.（他们之间有很多不同之处。）副词：differently（不同地）​ They think differently about the problem.（他们对这个问题的想法不同。）​ 搭配​ be different from：与…… 不同​ My pen is different from yours.（我的钢笔和你的不同。）​ different kinds of：不同种类的​ There are different kinds of flowers in the garden.（花园里有不同种类的花。）​ make a difference：有影响；起作用​ 例句：Your help made a big difference.（你的帮助起了很大作用。）​ 拓展​ different 的反义词是 same（相同的），常用搭配 be the same as（与…… 相同）。 例如：His bag is the same as mine.（他的包和我的一样。）​ 即学即练：​ This book is ______ from that one.​ There are many ______ between the two cities.​ They think ______ about the plan.​ We have ______opinions.​ Your help can make a ______ .​ 2. He plays badminton better than I do, so he always wins our matches. 他羽毛球打得比我好，所以他总是赢我们的比赛。 在句子 He plays badminton better than I do 中： "do" 指代前面出现的动词短语 "play badminton"（打羽毛球），避免重复。完整理解为： He plays badminton better than I play badminton. 这是比较级句式中常见的省略用法。当比较的双方动作相同时，后一句可用 "do/does/did" 代替前面的动词（短语），使句子更简洁。 时态需与前面保持一致：前面是一般现在时（plays），后面用 "do"（主语是 I，第一人称）；若主语是第三人称单数，则用 "does"；过去时用 "did"。 She runs faster than he does.（does 指代 runs） They studied harder than we did.（did 指代 studied） 即学即练：​ 用适当的助动词（do/does/did）填空： 1. Tom swims better than his brother ______. 2. I sing more loudly than she ______. 3. They finished the work earlier than we ______. 4. Lily draws better than Lucy ______. 5. He played basketball better than you ______. match 的词义及用法​​ 动词：匹配；与…… 相配；比得上。​ 例句：This shirt matches your pants.（这件衬衫和你的裤子相配。）​ 例句：No one can match him in singing.（在唱歌方面没人能比得上他。）名词：比赛；竞赛；火柴；匹配物。​ 例句：We will watch a football match tomorrow.（我们明天要去看一场足球比赛。）​ 例句：Can you give me a match?（你能给我一根火柴吗？）​ 搭配​ match sth with sth：把某物与某物搭配​ She matched the curtains with the sofa.（她把窗帘和沙发搭配起来。​ a match for：比得上…… 的人或物​ He is a good match for her in tennis.（在网球方面他和她不相上下。）​ watch a match：看比赛​have a match：举行比赛​ 拓展​ match 作动词 “匹配” 讲时，强调两者在颜色、风格等方面协调； fit 意为 “适合”，侧重大小、尺寸合适。 例如：The shoes fit me well.（这双鞋很适合我。）​ 即学即练：​ 1. This tie ______ (match) your shirt.​ 2. We will have a basketball ______ (match) tomorrow.​ 3. She is ______ (match) the shoes with the dress.​ 4. Can you ______ (match) these socks?​ 5. He ______ (match) me in strength.​ 3. He is as serious as me.他和我一样严肃。 serious 的词义及用法​ 形容词：严肃的；严重的；认真的。​ 例句：He has a serious face.（他表情严肃。）​ 例句：There is a serious problem.（有一个严重的问题。）​ 例句：She is serious about her study.（她对待学习很认真。）​ 副词：seriously（严肃地；严重地；认真地）​ 例句：He spoke seriously.（他严肃地说。）​ 名词：seriousness（严重性；严肃）​ 例句：We realized the seriousness of the situation.（我们意识到了情况的严重性。）​ 搭配​ be serious about：对…… 认真​ 例句：He is serious about his work.（他对工作很认真。）​ a serious illness：严重的疾病​ take...seriously：认真对待……​ You should take his words seriously.（你应该认真对待他的话。）​ 即学即练：​ He has a ______ expression on his face.​ She is ______ about her dreams.​ You should take the exam ______.​ The ______ of the accident surprised us.​ It's a ______ matter. 4. For example, I am kind of shy, but my best friend, YuanLei, is outgoing. She has a great sense of humour too.例如，我有点害羞，但我最好的朋友，袁磊，是外向的。她也很有幽默感。 kind of 的词义及用法​​ 短语副词：有点儿；稍微（用于修饰形容词或副词，语气较委婉）​ 例句：This book is kind of boring.（这本书有点儿无聊。）​ 例句：He runs kind of slowly.（他跑得稍微有点慢。）​ 搭配​ kind of + 形容词：有点儿……​kind of + 副词：稍微……​ kind of 与 a little、a bit 意思相近，可互换使用。 例如：She is a little shy. = She is kind of shy.（她有点儿害羞。）​ 注意与 “a kind of” 区分，a kind of 表示 “一种……”，是介词短语。例如：Elephants are a kind of animal.（大象是一种动物。）​ 即学即练： 1. The movie is ______ ______ interesting.​ 2. She feels ______ ______ tired after work.​ 3. This question is ______ ______ difficult for me.​ 4. He speaks ______ ______ quickly.​ 5. The cat looks ______ ______ cute.​ sense 的词义及用法​ 名词：感觉；感官；意识；理解力。​ 例句：I have a sense of happiness.（我有一种幸福的感觉。）​ 例句：Dogs have a good sense of smell.（狗有很好的嗅觉。）​ 例句：He has no sense of direction.（他没有方向感。）​ 动词：感觉到；意识到。​ 例句：I sense that she is angry.（我感觉到她生气了。）​ 形容词：sensible（明智的；合理的）​ 例句：It's a sensible decision.（这是一个明智的决定。）​ 形容词：sensitive（敏感的；易受影响的）​ 例句：She is sensitive to cold.（她对寒冷很敏感。）​ 搭配​ a sense of：…… 感 （如 a sense of humor 幽默感，a sense of duty 责任感）​ make sense：有意义；讲得通​ His words don't make sense.（他的话讲不通。）​ in a sense：在某种意义上​ In a sense, he is right.（在某种意义上，他是对的。）​ come to one's senses：恢复理智；醒悟​ He finally came to his senses and apologized.（他终于醒悟并道歉了。）即学即练： 1. She has a good ______of music.​ 2. His words don't make ______ .​ 3. I ______that something is wrong.​ 4. It's ______ to wear warm clothes in winter.​ 5. She is ______to other people's feelings.​ humor 的词义及用法​​ 名词：幽默；诙谐。​ 例句：He has a good sense of humor.（他很有幽默感。）​ 例句：The story is full of humor.（这个故事充满了幽默。）​ 形容词：humorous（幽默的；诙谐的）​ 例句：He is a humorous teacher.（他是一位幽默的老师。）​ 搭配​ sense of humor：幽默感​black humor：黑色幽默​ humor 作名词时，可与 have、with 等动词搭配，表达 “有幽默感”。例如：She is a girl with humor.（她是一个有幽默感的女孩。）​ humorous 常用来修饰人或事物，描述其具有幽默的特质。​ 即学即练： 1. He has a good sense of ______ .​ 2. The ______ story made us laugh.​ 3. She is a ______ girl.​ 4. The book is full of ______​ 5. His ______makes him popular. 5. Now I think meeting new people is really fun! 现在我觉得认识新朋友真的很有趣！ Now I think meeting new people is really fun!” 语法结构详解​ 句子成分分析​ I：主句的主语，指代说话人自己。​ think：主句的谓语动词，意为 “认为；觉得”，属于及物动词，后面接宾语从句。​ meeting new people is really fun：宾语从句，作 think 的宾语。 该从句中：​ meeting new people：动名词短语作从句的主语，“meeting” 是动名词，“new people” 是动名词的宾语，意为 “结识新朋友”。​ 核心语法点​ 动名词作主语：“meeting new people” 是动名词短语作宾语从句的主语。动名词（doing 形式）具有名词性质，可在句中作主语，表达一个动作或行为。 例如：Swimming is good for health.（游泳对健康有益。）​ 宾语从句：主句谓语动词 “think” 后接的宾语从句用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），此处从句省略了引导词 that（完整形式为 “I think that meeting new people is really fun”），that 在宾语从句中无实际意义，常可省略。​ 即学即练： 1. I think ______ (read) books is interesting.​ 2. She thinks ______ (play) basketball is exciting.​ 3. They think ______ (help) others is meaningful.​ 4. He thinks ______ (watch) movies is relaxing.​ 5. We think ______ (learn) English is useful.​ 6. He is not afraid to give his opinion, especially when he thinks I am making a mistake.他不怕发表意见，尤其是当他认为我犯了错误的时候。 opinion 的词义及用法​ 名词：意见；看法；主张。​ What's your opinion about this plan?（你对这个计划有什么看法？）In my opinion, we should go there by bus.（在我看来，我们应该乘公共汽车去那里。）​ 搭配​ in one's opinion：在某人看来​give one's opinion：发表某人的意见a different opinion：不同的意见​ 即学即练： 1. ______ my opinion, we should try again.​ 2. What's your ______ (opinion) about the movie?​ 3. She gave her ______ (opinion) on the problem.​ 4. In his ______ (opinion), it's a good idea.​ 5. They have different ______ (opinion) on this matter.​ especially 的词义及用法​ 副词：尤其；特别；格外。​ I like fruits, especially apples.（我喜欢水果，尤其是苹果。）​ It's cold, especially in the morning.（天很冷，尤其是在早上。）​​ 形容词：especial（特别的；特殊的）​ This is an especial day for me.（今天对我来说是个特别的日子。）搭配​ especially + 名词 / 介词短语：尤其……​ especially when/if：尤其当…… 时 / 如果……​ 拓展​ especially 与 specially 近义，especially 强调 “尤其” specially 强调 “专门地”。 例如：He came specially to see you.（他专门来看你。）​ 即学即练： 1. I like all subjects, ______ (especial) math.​ 2. It's cold, ______ (especially) at night.​ 3. This is an ______ (especial) important day.​ 4. She loves reading, ______ (especially) novels.​ 5. He is ______ (especial) good at playing football.​ 7. I am less straightforward than he is, but I am glad to have an honest friend.我没有他那么直率，但我很高兴有一个诚实的朋友。 less...than 的词义及用法​ 短语：比…… 少；不如……；不及…… （用于比较级，是 more...than 的反义词）。​ 例句：He has less money than me.（他的钱比我少。）​ 例句：This book is less interesting than that one.（这本书不如那本有趣。）​ 搭配​ less + 形容词 / 副词原级 + than：不如……​ less + 不可数名词 + than：比…… 少​ 拓展​ less 是 little 的比较级，修饰不可数名词； fewer 是 few 的比较级，修饰可数名词复数。 例如：There are fewer students in this class than in that one.（这个班的学生比那个班少。）​ 即学即练： 1. This bag is ______ (less) expensive ______ that one.​ 2. He has ______ (less) time ______ I do.​ 3. She is ______ (less) tall ______ her sister.​ 4. This story is ______ (less) interesting ______ that one.​ 5. There is ______ (less) water in this bottle ______ in that one.​ honest 的词义及用法​ 形容词：诚实的；老实的；正直的。​ 例句：He is an honest boy.（他是一个诚实的男孩。）​ 例句：It's honest of you to tell the truth.（你说出真相，真是诚实。） 副词：honestly（诚实地；正直地）​ He answered the question honestly.（他诚实地回答了这个问题。）​ 名词：honesty（诚实；正直）​ 例句：Honesty is important for everyone.（诚实对每个人都很重要。）搭配​ be honest with sb：对某人诚实​to be honest：老实说；说实话​ honest mistake：无心之过​ 拓展​ honest 的反义词是 dishonest（不诚实的）。 例如：It's bad to be dishonest.（不诚实是不好的。）​ 即学即练： 1. He is an ______ (honest) man.​ 2. You should be ______ (honest) with your parents.​ 3. ______ (honest) is very important.​ 4. He answered ______ (honest) to the question.​ 5. ______ (to be honest), I don't like this book.​ 8. The average height of the students in the class is around 1.6meters.这个班学生的平均身高在1.6米左右。 average 的词义及用法​ 形容词：平均的；普通的；一般的。​ The average age of the students is 13.（学生的平均年龄是 13 岁。）He is an average student.（他是一个普通学生。）​ 名词：平均数；平均水平。​ The average of 3, 5 and 7 is 5.（3、5、7 的平均数是 5。）​ 副词：averagely（平均地；一般地）​ 例句：He studies averagely in his class.（他在班上学习成绩一般。）搭配​ on average：平均来说​average temperature：平均温度​ 即学即练： 1. The ______ (average) of the three numbers is 6.​ 2. ______ average, we have two classes a day.​ 3. He is an ______ (average) student in his class.​ 4. The ______ (average) temperature today is 25℃.​ 5. She studies ______ (average) well.​ 9. They looked alike and both had kind personalities. They exchanged their lives by accident.他们长得很像，性格都很善良。他们意外地交换了性命。 personality 的词义及用法​​ 名词：个性；性格；人格。​ 例句：She has a lovely personality.（她性格可爱。）​ 例句：Different people have different personalities.（不同的人有不同的个性。）​ 形容词：personal（个人的；私人的）​ 例句：This is my personal book.（这是我的私人书籍。）​ 搭配​ a strong personality：强烈的个性​good personality：良好的性格​ 拓展​ personality 强调人的整体性格特征； character 更侧重道德品质方面的性格。 例如：He has a good character.（他品德良好。）​ 即学即练： 1. She has a good ______ (personality).​ 2. Different people have different ______ (personality).​ 3. He has a strong ______ (personality).​ 4. This is my ______ computer.​ 5. Her ______ (personality) makes her popular.​ by accident 的词义及用法​ 短语：偶然；意外地。​ 例句：I met her by accident in the street.（我在街上偶然遇见了她。）​ 例句：He found the key by accident.（他意外地找到了钥匙。）​ 搭配​ do sth by accident：偶然做某事​ 拓展​ by accident 与 by chance 意思相近，可互换使用。 例如：She won the prize by chance.（她偶然赢得了奖品。） 其反义词组是 on purpose（故意地）。 例如：He did it on purpose.（他故意做的。）​ 即学即练： 1. I found the lost pen ______ ______.​ 2. She met her old friend ______ ______ in the park.​ 3. He broke the glass ______ ______.​ 4. I heard the news ______ ______.​ 5. They found the treasure ______ ______.​ 10. Besides this, he also realized that people’s lives were much harder than he expected.除此之外，他还意识到人们的生活比他想象的要艰难得多。 expect 的词义及用法​​ 动词：期待；期望；预料。​ 例句：We expect to win the game.（我们期待赢得比赛。）​ 例句：I expect that he will come.（我预料他会来。）​ 形容词：expected（预期的；预料的）​ 例句：The expected result came out.（预期的结果出来了。）​ 形容词：unexpected（意外的；想不到的）​ 例句：We had an unexpected visitor.（我们有一个不速之客。）​ 搭配​ expect to do sth：期待做某事​ expect sb to do sth：期待某人做某事​ expect + that 从句：预料……​ as expected：正如预期​ beyond expectation：出乎意料​ 即学即练： 1. We ______ (expect) to go to the park tomorrow.​ 2. She ______ (expect) her mother to come.​ 3. I ______ (expect) that he will win the game.​ 4. The ______ (expect) result made us happy.​ 5. We had an ______ (unexpected) surprise. 11. After becoming king, he made a difference by trying to help the people of his country.在成为国王后，他通过努力帮助他的国家的人民而有所作为。 make a difference 的词义及用法​ 短语动词：有影响；起作用；带来变化。​ 例句：Your help can make a difference to the project.（你的帮助能对这个项目产生影响。）​ 例句：Even small actions can make a difference.（即使是小行动也能起作用。）​ 搭配​ make a big difference：产生很大影响​ Exercising regularly makes a big difference to your health. （定期锻炼对你的健康有很大影响。）​ make a difference to sb/sth：对某人 / 某物有影响​ This new policy will make a difference to our company. （这项新政策会对我们公司有影响。）​ 拓展​ 其反义短语是 make no difference，意为 “没有影响；不起作用”。​ 例句：It makes no difference whether you come early or late.（你来得早或晚都没什么影响。）​ 即学即练： 1. Your kindness can ______ ______ ______ to others.​ 2. A little effort can ______ a big ______.​ 3. She ______ a ______ in the community last year.​ 4. Does this new rule ______ a ______ to you?​ 5. We hope our work will ______ a ______ to the environment.​ 12. She helps me see the silver lining in difficult situations. 她帮助我在困境中看到一线希望。 the silver lining 的词义及用法​ 名词短语：（困境中的）一线希望；积极的一面。​ 例句：Even though it rained on our trip, the silver lining was that we had more time to talk. （尽管我们的旅行遇上下雨，但一线希望是我们有更多时间聊天。​ 例句：Losing the game was sad, but the silver lining is that we learned a lot. （输掉比赛很令人难过，但积极的一面是我们学到了很多。）​ 搭配​ find the silver lining：看到困境中的希望​ 例句：She always tries to find the silver lining in difficult situations.（她总是努力在困境中看到希望。）​ look for the silver lining：寻找积极的一面​ 例句：When things go wrong, it's good to look for the silver lining.（当事情不顺时，寻找积极的一面是好的。）​ 拓展​ 该短语源于谚语 “Every cloud has a silver lining.”（黑暗中总有一线光明。），表示即使在困难的情况下也总有好的方面。​ 例句：Don't be too sad about failing the exam. Every cloud has a silver lining.（别为考试不及格太难过，黑暗中总有一线光明。）​ 即学即练： 1. In every difficult situation, there is ______ ______ ______.​ 2. She tried to find ______ ______ ______ after the accident.​ 3. The storm destroyed many houses, but ______ ______ ______ was that no one was hurt.​ 4. We should look for ______ ______ ______ when things go wrong.​ 5. Even though we lost the game, ______ ______ ______ was that we became closer. 13. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 一个真正的朋友可以援手帮助，触动你的心。 reaches for的词义及用法​ 词义：伸手去够；伸手拿；主动接触（引申为 “主动给予帮助或支持”）。 句中取引申义，指真正的朋友会主动向你伸出援手（给予支持）。​ 例句：He reaches for the book on the high shelf.（他伸手去够高架上的书。）​ 例句：When I was in trouble, she reached for my hand.（我遇到困难时，她主动向我伸出了援手。）​ 搭配：​ reach for + 具体物品：伸手去拿某物。 例如：She reached for a glass of water.（她伸手去拿一杯水。）​ reach for + 抽象概念（如 hand, support）：主动给予支持。 例如：They always reach for each other's support.（他们总是互相支持。） 拓展：reach 作动词时，单独使用可表示 “到达”， 如：We reached the station on time.（我们准时到达车站。） 而 “reach for” 强调 “伸手去够” 的动作。 即学即练： 1. She ______ ______ the apple on the table.​ 2. When the old man fell, a young man ______ ______ his hand.​ 3. He always ______ ______ his pen when he wants to write.​ 4. They ______ ______ each other's hands when they met again.​ 5. My little sister ______ ______ the toy in the box now.​ ​ touches的词义及用法​ 词义：触摸；触碰；打动；触动（引申为 “在情感上产生影响”）。​ 句中取引申义，指真正的朋友能触动你的心灵（在情感上对你产生影响）。​ 例句：She gently touched the baby's face.（她轻轻触摸婴儿的脸。）​ 例句：The sad story touched our hearts.（这个悲伤的故事打动了我们的心。）​ 搭配：​ touch + 身体部位：触摸某个部位。 例如：He touched his head with his hand.（他用手摸了摸头。）​ touch + 抽象名词（如 heart, feelings）：触动情感。 例如：Her kindness touched my feelings.（她的善良触动了我的情感。） 拓展：touch 作动词时，可用于被动语态， 如：I was touched by his honesty.（我被他的诚实打动了。）​ 即学即练：​ 1. The warm wind ______ my face softly.​ 2. His story ______ the hearts of many people.​ 3. Don't ______ the wet paint!​ 4. The music ______ her deeply when she heard it.​ 5. She ______ the flower and smiled. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$