Unit 3 语法讲解及练习 2025-2026学年人教版（2024）八年级英语上册

· 语法讲解 Grammar Focus 形容词和副词的比较级 一、含义： 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级，原级即原形，比较级，表示“较... ...”或“更... ...一些”；最高级，表示“最... ...”; 本单元我们学习形容词的比较级，用于两者 之间人或事物的比较。 (1) Peter is more outgoing than Chen Jie. 彼得比陈洁更外向。原级outgoing, 比较级： more outgoing. (2) Emma is taller than Ella. 艾玛比艾拉更高一些。 原级 tall, 比较级 taller (3) Chen Jie works harder than Peter. 陈洁比彼得更努力。原级 hard 比较级 harder 二、变化规则 1. 形容词/副词比较级的规则变化 构成方法 原级 比较级 单音节和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加 -er tall long shy hard loud few taller longer _________ _________ _________ _________ 以字母 e 结尾的词，在词尾加 -r late large _________ _________ 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加 -er big thin fat slim _________ _________ _________ __________ 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的双音节词，先把 “y” 改为 “i”，再加 -er early lazy funny easy _________ _________ _________ __________ 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加 more outgoing beautiful interesting comfortable serious hard-working quickly slowly patient clearly 2. 形容词/副词比较级的不规则变化 原级 比较级 原级 比较级 good/ well better bad/ ill worse many / much more little less far farther (较远) further (进一步) old older (年纪较大的) elder (较年长的，adj) 三、比较级的句型应用 1. A 比 B 更…… 结构：① A + is + 比较级 + than + B He is taller than his brother. 他比他的弟弟高。 结构：② A + 实义动词+比较级+ than + B Jim runs faster than Mike. Jim 比 Mike 跑得快。 2. 两者中较…… 的那一个 结构：A + 谓语 + the + 比较级 + of the two... 说明：限定在 “两者” 范围内，强调其中程度更高的一个，比较级前要加 “the”。 She is the cleverer of the two girls. 她是两个女孩中比较聪明的那一个。 3. 比其他任何…… 都…… 结构：比较级 + than any other + 单数名词 说明：表示在同一范围内，某事物比其他所有同类事物程度更高，“any other” 后接单数名词（指除自身外的其他个体）。 China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲其他任何国家都大。 Jim runs faster than any other boy in his class. Jim 比他班上其他任何男孩都跑得快。 4. 越来越…… 结构：比较级 + and + 比较级 说明：描述事物逐渐变化的趋势，程度不断加深。 The city is becoming more and more beautiful. 这个城市正变得越来越美丽。 （注：多音节形容词的比较级用 “more + 形容词”，所以 “越来越美丽” 表达为 “more and more beautiful”。） 5. 越…… 越…… 结构：the + 比较级，the + 比较级 说明：表示两个事物之间的因果关系，一个事物的程度变化会引发另一个事物的相应变化。 The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你越用功，进步就越大。 三、比较级的修饰语 这些程度副词：much（…得多）、a lot（…很多）、far（…得多）、even（甚至）、still（更）、a little（一点）、a bit（一点）修饰形容词、副词的比较级。 例：This story is much more interesting than that one. · 语法专练 一、写出下列词的比较级 tall → _______ fast → _______ happy → _______ big → _______ serious→ _______ easily → _______ beautiful → _______ carefully → _______ hot → _______ good → _______ badly → _______ slowly → _______ much → _______ patient → _______ cool → _______ 二、单项选择 1. This book is _______ than that one. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting 2. She speaks English _______ than I do. A. well B. better C. best 3. Summer is _______ than spring in our city. A. hot B. hotter C. hottest 4. My school bag is _______ than it was yesterday. A. heavy B. little heavy C. a little heavy 5. I like math English . English is more interesting. A. much than B. less than C. more than 6. The ______ you practice, the ______ you will speak English. A. more; fluently B. much; fluent C. more; fluent 7. His new book is ______ than his last one. A. far interesting B. far more interesting C. more far interesting 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. This story is _______ (funny) than that movie. 2. The weather today is _______ (warm) than yesterday. 3. This dictionary is ___________ (useful) than that one. 4. The _______________ (careful)you listen, the ______(much) you learn. 5. This is my (old) sister. She is two years (old) than me. 四、句型转换（改为比较级句子） 1. Tom is 160cm tall. Jim is 155cm tall. → Tom is _______ _______ Jim. 2. I run fast. Lily runs faster. → Lily runs _______ _______ I. 3. This apple is sweet. That apple is sweeter. → That apple is _______ _______ this one. 五、用比较级完成对话​​ A: Is your new school (1) ______ (good) than the old one? B: Yes! The library is (2) ______ (quiet), and teachers explain things (3) ______ (clearly). A: But my school has (4) ______ (many) books than yours! B: Maybe, but our classrooms are (5) ______ (bright) than yours—we have bigger windows! A: Oh, really? But our playground is (6) ______ (large). We can play more sports there. B: True, but our after-school clubs are (7) ______ (interesting). We have a robotics （机器人技术）club now! A: Wow, that sounds cool. Our clubs are (8) ______ (few) than last year, though. B: Maybe you can ask your teachers to start new ones—they’re (9) _________ (helpful) than you think! A: Thanks for the idea! By the way, is your school lunch (10) ______ (delicious) than ours? B: I think so! They make (11) ______ (fresh) vegetables and the soup is (12) ______ (tasty) too. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ · 语法讲解 Grammar Focus 形容词和副词的比较级 一、含义： 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级，原级即原形，比较级，表示“较... ...”或“更... ...一些”；最高级，表示“最... ...”; 本单元我们学习形容词的比较级，用于两者 之间人或事物的比较。 (1) Peter is more outgoing than Chen Jie. 彼得比陈洁更外向。原级outgoing, 比较级： more outgoing. (2) Emma is taller than Ella. 艾玛比艾拉更高一些。 原级 tall, 比较级 taller (3) Chen Jie works harder than Peter. 陈洁比彼得更努力。原级 hard 比较级 harder 二、变化规则 1. 形容词/副词比较级的规则变化 构成方法 原级 比较级 单音节和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加 -er tall long shy hard loud few taller longer _shyer___ __harder__ __louder__ _fewer__ 以字母 e 结尾的词，在词尾加 -r late large _later__ __large___ 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加 -er big thin fat slim _bigger__ _thinner_ __fatter__ _slimmer__ 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的双音节词，先把 “y” 改为 “i”，再加 -er early lazy funny easy __earlier__ __lazier_ _funnier__ __easier__ 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加 more outgoing beautiful interesting comfortable serious hard-working quickly slowly patient clearly 加 more~ 2. 形容词/副词比较级的不规则变化 原级 比较级 原级 比较级 good/ well better bad/ ill worse many / much more little less far farther (较远) further (进一步) old older (年纪较大的) elder (较年长的，adj) 三、比较级的句型应用 1. A 比 B 更…… 结构：① A + is + 比较级 + than + B He is taller than his brother. 他比他的弟弟高。 结构：② A + 实义动词+比较级+ than + B Jim runs faster than Mike. Jim 比 Mike 跑得快。 2. 两者中较…… 的那一个 结构：A + 谓语 + the + 比较级 + of the two... 说明：限定在 “两者” 范围内，强调其中程度更高的一个，比较级前要加 “the”。 She is the cleverer of the two girls. 她是两个女孩中比较聪明的那一个。 3. 比其他任何…… 都…… 结构：比较级 + than any other + 单数名词 说明：表示在同一范围内，某事物比其他所有同类事物程度更高，“any other” 后接单数名词（指除自身外的其他个体）。 China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲其他任何国家都大。 Jim runs faster than any other boy in his class. Jim 比他班上其他任何男孩都跑得快。 4. 越来越…… 结构：比较级 + and + 比较级 说明：描述事物逐渐变化的趋势，程度不断加深。 The city is becoming more and more beautiful. 这个城市正变得越来越美丽。 （注：多音节形容词的比较级用 “more + 形容词”，所以 “越来越美丽” 表达为 “more and more beautiful”。） 5. 越…… 越…… 结构：the + 比较级，the + 比较级 说明：表示两个事物之间的因果关系，一个事物的程度变化会引发另一个事物的相应变化。 The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你越用功，进步就越大。 三、比较级的修饰语 这些程度副词：much（…得多）、a lot（…很多）、far（…得多）、even（甚至）、still（更）、a little（一点）、a bit（一点）修饰形容词、副词的比较级。 例：This story is much more interesting than that one. · 语法专练 一、写出下列词的比较级 tall → __taller___ fast → __faster_ happy → _happier__ big → __bigger___ serious→ __more serious_ easily → __more easily_ beautiful → _more beautiful____ carefully → __more careful_ hot → __hotter__ good → ___better_ badly → __worse_ slowly → _more slowly__ much → __more__ patient → _more patient__ cool → __cooler__ 二、单项选择 1. This book is ___B____ than that one. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting 2. She speaks English ____B___ than I do. A. well B. better C. best 3. Summer is ___B____ than spring in our city. A. hot B. hotter C. hottest 4. My school bag is ____C___ than it was yesterday. A. heavy B. little heavy C. a little heavy 5. I like math B English . English is more interesting. A. much than B. less than C. more than 6. The ____A__ you practice, the ______ you will speak English. A. more; more fluently B. much; fluent C. more; fluent 7. His new book is ___B___ than his last one. A. far interesting B. far more interesting C. more far interesting 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. This story is __funnier__ (funny) than that movie. 2. The weather today is __warmer__ (warm) than yesterday. 3. This dictionary is __more useful_ (useful) than that one. 4. The __more careful__ (careful)you listen, the __more_(much) you learn. 5. This is my elder (old) sister. She is two years older (old) than me. 四、句型转换（改为比较级句子） 1. Tom is 160cm tall. Jim is 155cm tall. → Tom is ___taller____ __than ___ Jim. 2. I run fast. Lily runs faster. → Lily runs __faster_ __than_____ I. 3. This apple is sweet. That apple is sweeter. → That apple is __sweeter___ __than_ this one. 五、用比较级完成对话​​ A: Is your new school (1)better （good）than the old one? B: Yes! The library is (2) quieter (quiet), and teachers explain things (3) more clearly (clear). A: But my school has (4) more (many)books than yours!B: Maybe, but our classrooms are (5) brighter (bright) than yours—we have bigger windows! A: Oh, really? But our playground is (6) larger (large). We can play more sports there. B: True, but our after-school clubs are (7) more interesting (interesting)than yours. We have a robotics club now! A: Wow, that sounds cool. Our clubs are (8) fewer (few)than last year, though. B: Maybe you can ask your teachers to start new ones—they’re (9) more helpful (helpful)than you think! A: Thanks for the idea! By the way, is your school lunch (10) more delicious (delicious) than ours? B: I think so! They make (11) fresher (fresh) vegetables and the soup is (12) tastier (tasty) too. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$