宾语从句 语法讲解和语法练习 -2025-2026学年译林版（2012）九年级英语上册

译林版九上必考语法 宾语从句 · 语法讲解 一、概念 疑问词引导的宾语从句是指由连接代词（who, whom, whose, what, which）或连接副词（when, where, why, how）引导的宾语从句，用于表达 “谁、什么、何时、何地、为什么、如何” 等疑问概念。 1. 连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等； 2. 连接副词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因或方式。 教材实例（Unit 3）： I wonder what I should do.（连接代词 what 作 do 的宾语） Daniel does not know whom he should talk to.（连接代词 whom 作 to 的宾语） I do not understand why they are so strict with me.（连接副词 why 作原因状语） 二、核心用法 1. 引导词的选择 根据从句表达的疑问内容选择对应疑问词： 指代人：who（主格）、whom（宾格，口语中可用 who 替代）； 指代物/事：what； 指代所属关系：whose； 指代选择：which； 指代时间：when； 指代地点：where； 指代原因：why； 指代方式：how。 教材实例： Sandy: My parents often come home very late. Sometimes I don’t know when I will see them.（when 表时间） Paul: Sometimes I’m careless. I wonder how I can be more careful.（how 表方式） 2. 语序 宾语从句必须用陈述句语序（主语在前，谓语在后），即使原句是特殊疑问句。 错误：I don’t know what is he doing. 正确：I don’t know what he is doing. 教材提示（Unit 3 Grammar A）： The word order in an object clause introduced by a question word should be the same as that in a wh-question.（疑问词引导的宾语从句语序与陈述句一致） 3. 时态呼应 若主句是一般现在时/将来时，从句时态根据实际情况选择（不受主句限制）。 例：He asks where she will go tomorrow. 若主句是一般过去时，从句时态需用相应的过去时态（如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等）。 例：He asked where she would go the next day. 若从句描述客观真理、自然规律，时态用一般现在时，不受主句影响。 例：The teacher said why the moon goes around the earth. 三、注意点 1. 连接代词/副词在从句中不可省略 与 that 引导的宾语从句不同，疑问词在从句中充当句子成分，必须保留。 错误：I forget he told me. 正确：I forget what he told me.（what 作 told 的宾语，不可省略） 2. “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构的转换 疑问词引导的宾语从句可与 “疑问词 + 不定式”（wh- + to do）转换，表达相同含义。 教材实例（Unit 3）： I don’t know how I should deal with the problem. → I don’t know how to deal with the problem. 3. whom 的用法 whom 是 who 的宾格形式，在从句中作宾语，口语中可简化为 who，但在介词后需用 whom。 例：He asked whom/who I was waiting for. 例：I’m thinking about whom I should invite.（介词 about 后必须用 whom） 四、易错点 1. 语序错误（最常见） 误将疑问句语序带入宾语从句，忘记调整为陈述句语序。 错误：Do you know where is the nearest hospital? 正确：Do you know where the nearest hospital is? 2. 时态错误 主句为过去时，从句未调整为相应过去时态。 错误：She said what she is doing. 正确：She said what she was doing. 3. 引导词混淆 误用连接代词与连接副词（如用 what 代替 how，用 when 代替 where 等）。 错误：Can you tell me what to get to the station?（“如何到达” 需用 how） 正确：Can you tell me how to get to the station? 五、中考考点链接 1. 语序辨析 【考题】Could you please tell me _______?（2023・江苏苏州） A. where is the post office B. where the post office is C. where was the post office D. where the post office was 【答案】B 【解析】宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除 A、C；主句为一般现在时，从句描述现在的地点，用一般现在时，故选 B。 2. 时态呼应 【考题】He asked me _______ during the summer holiday.（2022・浙江杭州） A. what I did B. what did I do C. what I will do D. what will I do 【答案】A 【解析】主句为一般过去时（asked），从句需用过去时态，且用陈述句语序，故选 A。 3. “疑问词 + 不定式” 转换 【考题】I wonder _______ the new robot.（2021・广东广州） A. how to use B. how using C. what to use D. what using 【答案】A 【解析】“如何使用新机器人” 用 how to use，what 表示 “什么”，不符合语境，故选 A。 4. 引导词选择 【考题】— Do you know _______ the meeting will start?（2023・山东青岛） — At 3 p.m. tomorrow. A. when B. where C. why D. how 【答案】A 【解析】答语为时间（At 3 p.m.），故用 when 引导从句，询问 “何时开始”。 · 语法练习 一、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其正确形式填空（每词限用一次） who what when where why how which whose whom how long 1. Could you tell me ______ the next train to Beijing leaves? 2. The little girl forgot ______ her mother’s phone number was. 3. They are discussing ______ will be the new class monitor. 4. Do you know ______ he was late for school this morning? 5. She wonders ______ dress fits her better, the red one or the blue one. 6. The teacher asked us ______ we had learned from the story. 7. I can’t remember ______ I put my English notebook yesterday. 8. He is thinking about ______ he should ask for help with his math problem. 9. Please explain ______ you stayed in the library last Friday. 10. The students want to know ______ dictionary on the desk belongs to. 1. when 句意：你能告诉我下一班去北京的火车什么时候发车吗？ 考点分析：从句询问火车发车的时间，需用连接副词 when，符合 “指代时间” 的用法。 2. what 句意：这个小女孩忘记她妈妈的电话号码是什么了。 考点分析：从句中 “her mother’s phone number was” 缺表语，指代事物 “电话号码是什么”，用连接代词 what。 3. who 句意：他们正在讨论谁会成为新的班长。 考点分析：从句缺少主语，指代人 “谁”，用主格连接代词 who。 4. why 句意：你知道他今天早上为什么上学迟到吗？ 考点分析：从句询问迟到的原因，需用连接副词 why，表原因。 5. which 句意：她想知道哪条裙子更适合她，红色的还是蓝色的。 考点分析：从句表示在两者中选择，用连接代词 which，指代 “哪一个”。 6. what 句意：老师问我们从这个故事中学到了什么。 考点分析：从句中 “learned” 缺宾语，指代事物 “学到的内容”，用连接代词 what。 7. where 句意：我不记得昨天把英语笔记本放在哪里了。 考点分析：从句询问放置笔记本的地点，用连接副词 where，表地点。 8. whom 句意：他正在考虑应该向谁求助解决他的数学问题。 考点分析：从句中 “ask for help” 缺宾语，指代人 “向谁求助”，用宾格连接代词 whom。 9. how long 句意：请解释上周五你在图书馆待了多久。 考点分析：从句询问待在图书馆的时长，用连接副词短语 howlong，表时间长度。 10. whose 句意：学生们想知道桌子上的字典是谁的。 考点分析：从句表示所属关系 “谁的字典”，用连接代词 whose。 二、单项选择 1. My brother asked me ______ I would go shopping with him. A. that B. if C. what D. who 2. Do you know ______ the meeting will begin? A. when B. where C. why D. how 3. She wondered ______ her father had gone to London. A. that B. what C. why D. which 4. Could you please tell me ______ I can get to the nearest bank? A. when B. how C. what D. whom 5. He said ______ he had finished his homework. A. that B. if C. where D. who 6. I don’t know ______ sweater this is. Maybe it’s Lucy’s. A. which B. whose C. what D. who 7. The teacher told us ______ the earth goes around the sun. A. if B. that C. when D. where 8. Do you remember ______ we met for the first time? A. when B. that C. what D. how 9. She asked me ______ I was reading at that moment. A. that B. what C. why D. where 10. Could you tell me ______ the post office is? A. when B. how C. where D. why 11. He didn’t know ______ to solve the problem. A. what B. how C. when D. where 12. I wonder ______ they will come to the party. A. if B. that C. what D. which 13. The boy asked ______ his mother was cooking in the kitchen. A. that B. what C. why D. how 14. Do you know ______ will give us a talk tomorrow? A. whom B. who C. which D. whose 15. She told me ______ she had been to Beijing twice. A. when B. that C. where D. why 16. I can’t decide ______ book I should buy for my sister. A. which B. what C. whose D. who 17. He asked me ______ I usually go to school. A. that B. how C. what D. whom 18. Do you know ______ the film will start? A. why B. where C. when D. which 19. The teacher asked ______ was late for class. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 20. I don’t know ______ he is so happy today. A. how B. why C. when D. where 1. B 句意：我哥哥问我是否要和他一起去购物。 考点分析：从句表示 “是否” 的疑问概念，用 if 引导宾语从句，符合语境。 2. A 句意：你知道会议什么时候开始吗？ 考点分析：从句询问会议开始的时间，用连接副词 when，表时间。 3. C 句意：她想知道她爸爸为什么去了伦敦。 考点分析：从句询问去伦敦的原因，用连接副词 why，表原因。 4. B 句意：你能告诉我怎样才能到最近的银行吗？ 考点分析：从句询问到达银行的方式，用连接副词 how，表方式。 5. A 句意：他说他已经完成作业了。 考点分析：从句是陈述句，用 that 引导宾语从句，that 在从句中不充当成分，可省略。 6. B 句意：我不知道这是谁的毛衣。也许是露西的。 考点分析：从句表示所属关系 “谁的毛衣”，用连接代词 whose。 7. B 句意：老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。 考点分析：从句是客观真理，用 that 引导宾语从句，that 在从句中不充当成分。 8. A 句意：你记得我们第一次见面是什么时候吗？ 考点分析：从句询问见面的时间，用连接副词 when，表时间。 9. B 句意：她问我那时正在读什么。 考点分析：从句中 “reading” 缺宾语，指代事物 “读的内容”，用连接代词 what。 10. C 句意：你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗？ 考点分析：从句询问邮局的地点，用连接副词 where，表地点。 11. B 句意：他不知道如何解决这个问题。 考点分析：从句询问解决问题的方式，用 “how + 不定式” 结构，表方式。 12. A 句意：我想知道他们是否会来参加聚会。 考点分析：从句表示 “是否” 的疑问概念，用 if 引导宾语从句。 13. B 句意：那个男孩问他妈妈正在厨房里做什么。 考点分析：从句中 “cooking” 缺宾语，指代事物 “做的东西”，用连接代词 what。 14. B 句意：你知道明天谁会给我们做演讲吗？ 考点分析：从句缺少主语，指代人 “谁”，用主格连接代词 who。 15. B 句意：她告诉我她去过北京两次。 考点分析：从句是陈述句，用 that 引导宾语从句，that 在从句中不充当成分。 16. A 句意：我不能决定应该给我妹妹买哪本书。 考点分析：从句表示在众多书中选择，用连接代词 which，指代 “哪一本”。 17. B 句意：他问我通常怎么去上学。 考点分析：从句询问上学的方式，用连接副词 how，表方式。 18. C 句意：你知道电影什么时候开始吗？ 考点分析：从句询问电影开始的时间，用连接副词 when，表时间。 19. A 句意：老师问谁上课迟到了。 考点分析：从句缺少主语，指代人 “谁”，用主格连接代词 who。 20. B 句意：我不知道他今天为什么这么高兴。 考点分析：从句询问高兴的原因，用连接副词 why，表原因。 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. She wants to know what ______ (happen) over there just now. 2. Could you tell me how I ______ (get) to the railway station? 3. He asked if they ______ (have) a test the next week. 4. I wonder why she ______ (not come) to the meeting yesterday. 5. The teacher said that the moon ______ (go) around the earth. 6. Do you know when Tom ______ (leave) for Shanghai tomorrow? 7. She told me that she ______ (visit) her grandparents the next day. 8. I don’t know what ______ (do) with this broken bike. 9. He asked me who ______ (teach) us English last term. 10. Could you tell me where the students ______ (plant) trees next week? 11. She wondered if her parents ______ (be) angry with her. 12. The little boy asked how the birds ______ (fly) so high. 13. I know that he ______ (study) hard every day. 14. He said that he ______ (finish) his homework before 9 o’clock last night. 15. Do you remember what he ______ (say) at the meeting yesterday? 16. She asked me when we ______ (start) the project. 17. The teacher told us that practice ______ (make) perfect. 18. I don’t know who ______ (clean) the classroom just now. 19. He wondered how much the new book ______ (cost). 20. Could you tell me if there ______ (be) a football match next Sunday? 1. happened 句意：她想知道刚才那边发生了什么。 考点分析：从句时间状语为 “just now”（刚才），用一般过去时，happen 的过去式为 happened。 2. can get 句意：你能告诉我怎么去火车站吗？ 考点分析：主句为一般现在时，从句表现在的能力，用一般现在时，can get 符合语境。 3. would have 句意：他问他们下周是否会有考试。 考点分析：主句为一般过去时（asked），从句时间状语为 “the next week”，用过去将来时 would have。 4. didn’t come 句意：我想知道她昨天为什么没来开会。 考点分析：从句时间状语为 “yesterday”，用一般过去时，否定形式为 didn’t come。 5. goes 句意：老师说月亮绕着地球转。 考点分析：从句是客观真理，用一般现在时，the moon 是第三人称单数，go 用 goes。 6. will leave 句意：你知道汤姆明天什么时候动身去上海吗？ 考点分析：主句为一般现在时，从句时间状语为 “tomorrow”，用一般将来时 will leave。 7. would visit 句意：她告诉我她第二天要去看望祖父母。 考点分析：主句为一般过去时（told），从句时间状语为 “the next day”，用过去将来时 would visit。 8. to do 句意：我不知道怎么处理这辆坏自行车。 考点分析：“疑问词 + 不定式” 结构，what to do 表示 “做什么”，符合语境。 9. taught 句意：他问我上学期谁教我们英语。 考点分析：主句为一般过去时（asked），从句时间状语为 “last term”，用一般过去时，teach 的过去式为 taught。 10. will plant 句意：你能告诉我学生们下周要在哪里种树吗？ 考点分析：主句为一般现在时，从句时间状语为 “next week”，用一般将来时 will plant。 11. would be 句意：她想知道她的父母是否会生她的气。 考点分析：主句为一般过去时（wondered），从句表过去的将来，用过去将来时 would be。 12. fly 句意：那个小男孩问鸟儿怎么能飞得那么高。 考点分析：从句描述客观事实（鸟儿会飞），用一般现在时，birds 是复数，fly 用原形。 13. studies 句意：我知道他每天都努力学习。 考点分析：主句为一般现在时，从句时间状语为 “every day”，用一般现在时，he 是第三人称单数，study 用 studies。 14. had finished 句意：他说他昨晚九点前就完成作业了。 考点分析：主句为一般过去时（said），从句动作 “finish” 发生在 “said” 之前，用过去完成时 had finished。 15. said 句意：你记得他昨天在会上说了什么吗？ 考点分析：从句时间状语为 “yesterday”，用一般过去时，say 的过去式为 said。 16. would start 句意：她问我我们什么时候开始这个项目。 考点分析：主句为一般过去时（asked），从句表过去的将来，用过去将来时 would start。 17. makes 句意：老师告诉我们熟能生巧。 考点分析：从句是谚语（客观真理），用一般现在时，practice 是第三人称单数，make 用 makes。 18. cleaned 句意：我不知道刚才谁打扫了教室。 考点分析：从句时间状语为 “just now”，用一般过去时，clean 的过去式为 cleaned。 19. cost 句意：他想知道这本新书多少钱。 考点分析：主句为一般过去时（wondered），从句描述过去的价格，cost 的过去式为 cost。 20. will be 句意：你能告诉我下周日是否有足球赛吗？ 考点分析：主句为一般现在时，从句时间状语为 “next Sunday”，用一般将来时 will be。 四、句型转换 1. Where does she live? I don’t know. → I don’t know ______ ______ ______. 2. What time will the plane arrive? He asked. → He asked ______ ______ the plane ______ arrive. 3. How can we solve the problem? They are discussing. → They are discussing ______ ______ ______ solve the problem. 4. Who broke the window? The teacher wanted to know. → The teacher wanted to know ______ ______ the window. 5. Is this your pen? She asked me. → She asked me ______ this ______ my pen. 6. When will the concert start? Could you tell me? → Could you tell me ______ ______ ______ ______ start? 7. Why did he refuse the invitation? I wonder. → I wonder ______ ______ ______ the invitation. 8. What is he doing? Do you know? → Do you know ______ ______ ______ doing? 9. How long has he lived here? She asked. → She asked ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ here. 10. Whose bag is this? The police want to know. → The police want to know ______ ______ this ______. 11. Will it rain tomorrow? They are not sure. → They are not sure ______ ______ ______ rain tomorrow. 12. Which book should I choose? He can’t decide. → He can’t decide ______ ______ ______ ______ ______. 13. When did you buy this bike? My friend asked me. → My friend asked me ______ ______ ______ this bike. 14. How does the machine work? The engineer explained. → The engineer explained ______ ______ ______ ______. 15. Has he finished his homework? I want to know. → I want to know ______ ______ ______ ______ his homework. 1. where she lives 句意：我不知道她住在哪里。 考点分析：原句是特殊疑问句，改为宾语从句用陈述句语序，主语 she 在前，谓语 lives 在后。 2. what time; would 句意：他问飞机什么时候会到达。 考点分析：主句为一般过去时（asked），从句用过去将来时 would arrive，且用陈述句语序。 3. how they can 句意：他们正在讨论如何解决这个问题。 考点分析：原句是特殊疑问句，改为宾语从句用陈述句语序，主语 they 在前，谓语 can solve 在后。 4. who broke 句意：老师想知道谁打破了窗户。 考点分析：原句是特殊疑问句，改为宾语从句用陈述句语序，who 在从句中作主语，broke 为谓语。 5. if; was 句意：她问我这是否是我的钢笔。 考点分析：原句是一般疑问句，改为宾语从句用 if 引导，且用陈述句语序 was 在前。 6. when the concert will 句意：你能告诉我音乐会什么时候开始吗？ 考点分析：原句是特殊疑问句，改为宾语从句用陈述句语序，主语 the concert 在前，谓语 will start 在后。 7. why he refused 句意：我想知道他为什么拒绝了邀请。 考点分析：原句是特殊疑问句，改为宾语从句用陈述句语序，主语 he 在前，谓语 refused 在后。 8. what he is 句意：你知道他正在做什么吗？ 考点分析：原句是特殊疑问句，改为宾语从句用陈述句语序，主语 he 在前，谓语 is doing 在后。 9. how long he had lived 句意：她问他在这里住了多久。 考点分析：主句为一般过去时（asked），从句用过去完成时 had lived，且用陈述句语序。 10. whose bag; is 句意：警察想知道这是谁的包。 考点分析：原句是特殊疑问句，改为宾语从句用陈述句语序，主语 whose bag 在前，谓语 is 在后。 11. if it will 句意：他们不确定明天是否会下雨。 考点分析：原句是一般疑问句，改为宾语从句用 if 引导，且用陈述句语序 it will 在前。 12. which book he should choose 句意：他不能决定他应该选哪本书。 考点分析：原句是特殊疑问句，改为宾语从句用陈述句语序，主语 he 在前，谓语 should choose 在后。 13. when I bought 句意：我的朋友问我什么时候买的这辆自行车。 考点分析：主句为一般过去时（asked），从句用一般过去时 bought，且用陈述句语序 I 在前。 14. how the machine works 句意：工程师解释了这台机器是如何工作的。 考点分析：原句是特殊疑问句，改为宾语从句用陈述句语序，主语 the machine 在前，谓语 works 在后。 15. if he has finished 句意：我想知道他是否完成了作业。 考点分析：原句是现在完成时的一般疑问句，改为宾语从句用 if 引导，且用陈述句语序 he has 在前。 五、完成句子 1. 我不知道他明天是否会来。 I don’t know ______ ______ ______ come tomorrow. 2. 请告诉我你昨天在哪里。 Please tell me ______ ______ ______ yesterday. 3. 老师问我们谁能回答这个问题。 The teacher asked us ______ ______ ______ the question. 4. 他想知道我是如何学习英语的。 He wants to know ______ ______ ______ English. 5. 你能告诉我这台电脑多少钱吗？ Can you tell me ______ ______ the computer ______? 6. 妈妈问我什么时候能完成作业。 My mother asked me ______ ______ ______ finish my homework. 7. 我忘记他昨天为什么迟到了。 I forgot ______ ______ ______ late yesterday. 8. 他们想知道下一班公交车什么时候到。 They want to know ______ ______ ______ bus ______ ______. 9. 请解释你是如何解决这个问题的。 Please explain ______ ______ ______ the problem. 10. 她问我是否见过那个新来的老师。 She asked me ______ ______ ______ ______ the new teacher. 11. 我不知道这是谁的雨伞。 I don’t know ______ ______ this ______. 12. 他问我下周是否有空。 He asked me ______ ______ ______ ______ free next week. 13. 你知道他们将在哪里举行聚会吗？ Do you know ______ ______ ______ ______ the party? 14. 老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。 The teacher told us ______ light ______ faster than sound. 15. 我想知道她昨天买了什么礼物。 I wonder ______ ______ ______ yesterday. 1. if he will 句意：我不知道他明天是否会来。 考点分析：从句表示 “是否” 用 if 引导，时间状语为 “tomorrow”，用一般将来时 will come，陈述句语序。 2. where you were 句意：请告诉我你昨天在哪里。 考点分析：从句询问地点用 where，时间状语为 “yesterday”，用一般过去时 were，陈述句语序 you 在前。 3. who could answer 句意：老师问我们谁能回答这个问题。 考点分析：从句询问人用 who，主句为一般过去时（asked），从句用 could answer，陈述句语序。 4. how I learn 句意：他想知道我是如何学习英语的。 考点分析：从句询问方式用 how，主句为一般现在时，从句用一般现在时 learn，陈述句语序 I 在前。 5. how much; costs 句意：你能告诉我这台电脑多少钱吗？ 考点分析：从句询问价格用 how much，主句为一般现在时，从句用一般现在时 costs，陈述句语序 the computer 在前。 6. when I could 句意：妈妈问我什么时候能完成作业。 考点分析：从句询问时间用 when，主句为一般过去时（asked），从句用 could finish，陈述句语序 I 在前。 7. why he was 句意：我忘记他昨天为什么迟到了。 考点分析：从句询问原因用 why，时间状语为 “yesterday”，用一般过去时 was late，陈述句语序 he 在前。 8. when the next; will arrive 句意：他们想知道下一班公交车什么时候到。 考点分析：从句询问时间用 when，“下一班公交车” 为 the next bus，用一般将来时 will arrive，陈述句语序。 9. how you solved 句意：请解释你是如何解决这个问题的。 考点分析：从句询问方式用 how，动作已完成用一般过去时 solved，陈述句语序 you 在前。 10. if I had seen 句意：她问我是否见过那个新来的老师。 考点分析：从句表示 “是否” 用 if 引导，主句为一般过去时（asked），从句用过去完成时 had seen，陈述句语序 I 在前。 11. whose umbrella; is 句意：我不知道这是谁的雨伞。 考点分析：从句表示所属关系用 whose，“雨伞” 为 umbrella，陈述句语序 whose umbrella 在前，is 在后。 12. if I would be 句意：他问我下周是否有空。 考点分析：从句表示 “是否” 用 if 引导，主句为一般过去时（asked），“下周” 为过去的将来，用 would be，陈述句语序 I 在前。 13. where they will hold 句意：你知道他们将在哪里举行聚会吗？ 考点分析：从句询问地点用 where，时间为将来用 will hold，陈述句语序 they 在前。 14. that; travels 句意：老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。 考点分析：从句是客观真理用 that 引导，光传播用一般现在时 travels，陈述句语序。 15. what she bought 句意：我想知道她昨天买了什么礼物。 考点分析：从句询问事物用 what，时间状语为 “yesterday”，用一般过去时 bought，陈述句语序 she 在前。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 译林版九上必考语法 宾语从句 · 语法讲解 一、概念 疑问词引导的宾语从句是指由连接代词（who, whom, whose, what, which）或连接副词（when, where, why, how）引导的宾语从句，用于表达 “谁、什么、何时、何地、为什么、如何” 等疑问概念。 1. 连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等； 2. 连接副词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因或方式。 教材实例（Unit 3）： I wonder what I should do.（连接代词 what 作 do 的宾语） Daniel does not know whom he should talk to.（连接代词 whom 作 to 的宾语） I do not understand why they are so strict with me.（连接副词 why 作原因状语） 二、核心用法 1. 引导词的选择 根据从句表达的疑问内容选择对应疑问词： 指代人：who（主格）、whom（宾格，口语中可用 who 替代）； 指代物/事：what； 指代所属关系：whose； 指代选择：which； 指代时间：when； 指代地点：where； 指代原因：why； 指代方式：how。 教材实例： Sandy: My parents often come home very late. Sometimes I don’t know when I will see them.（when 表时间） Paul: Sometimes I’m careless. I wonder how I can be more careful.（how 表方式） 2. 语序 宾语从句必须用陈述句语序（主语在前，谓语在后），即使原句是特殊疑问句。 错误：I don’t know what is he doing. 正确：I don’t know what he is doing. 教材提示（Unit 3 Grammar A）： The word order in an object clause introduced by a question word should be the same as that in a wh-question.（疑问词引导的宾语从句语序与陈述句一致） 3. 时态呼应 若主句是一般现在时/将来时，从句时态根据实际情况选择（不受主句限制）。 例：He asks where she will go tomorrow. 若主句是一般过去时，从句时态需用相应的过去时态（如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等）。 例：He asked where she would go the next day. 若从句描述客观真理、自然规律，时态用一般现在时，不受主句影响。 例：The teacher said why the moon goes around the earth. 三、注意点 1. 连接代词/副词在从句中不可省略 与 that 引导的宾语从句不同，疑问词在从句中充当句子成分，必须保留。 错误：I forget he told me. 正确：I forget what he told me.（what 作 told 的宾语，不可省略） 2. “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构的转换 疑问词引导的宾语从句可与 “疑问词 + 不定式”（wh- + to do）转换，表达相同含义。 教材实例（Unit 3）： I don’t know how I should deal with the problem. → I don’t know how to deal with the problem. 3. whom 的用法 whom 是 who 的宾格形式，在从句中作宾语，口语中可简化为 who，但在介词后需用 whom。 例：He asked whom/who I was waiting for. 例：I’m thinking about whom I should invite.（介词 about 后必须用 whom） 四、易错点 1. 语序错误（最常见） 误将疑问句语序带入宾语从句，忘记调整为陈述句语序。 错误：Do you know where is the nearest hospital? 正确：Do you know where the nearest hospital is? 2. 时态错误 主句为过去时，从句未调整为相应过去时态。 错误：She said what she is doing. 正确：She said what she was doing. 3. 引导词混淆 误用连接代词与连接副词（如用 what 代替 how，用 when 代替 where 等）。 错误：Can you tell me what to get to the station?（“如何到达” 需用 how） 正确：Can you tell me how to get to the station? 五、中考考点链接 1. 语序辨析 【考题】Could you please tell me _______?（2023・江苏苏州） A. where is the post office B. where the post office is C. where was the post office D. where the post office was 【答案】B 【解析】宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除 A、C；主句为一般现在时，从句描述现在的地点，用一般现在时，故选 B。 2. 时态呼应 【考题】He asked me _______ during the summer holiday.（2022・浙江杭州） A. what I did B. what did I do C. what I will do D. what will I do 【答案】A 【解析】主句为一般过去时（asked），从句需用过去时态，且用陈述句语序，故选 A。 3. “疑问词 + 不定式” 转换 【考题】I wonder _______ the new robot.（2021・广东广州） A. how to use B. how using C. what to use D. what using 【答案】A 【解析】“如何使用新机器人” 用 how to use，what 表示 “什么”，不符合语境，故选 A。 4. 引导词选择 【考题】— Do you know _______ the meeting will start?（2023・山东青岛） — At 3 p.m. tomorrow. A. when B. where C. why D. how 【答案】A 【解析】答语为时间（At 3 p.m.），故用 when 引导从句，询问 “何时开始”。 · 语法练习 一、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其正确形式填空（每词限用一次） who what when where why how which whose whom how long 1. Could you tell me ______ the next train to Beijing leaves? 2. The little girl forgot ______ her mother’s phone number was. 3. They are discussing ______ will be the new class monitor. 4. Do you know ______ he was late for school this morning? 5. She wonders ______ dress fits her better, the red one or the blue one. 6. The teacher asked us ______ we had learned from the story. 7. I can’t remember ______ I put my English notebook yesterday. 8. He is thinking about ______ he should ask for help with his math problem. 9. Please explain ______ you stayed in the library last Friday. 10. The students want to know ______ dictionary on the desk belongs to. 二、单项选择 1. My brother asked me ______ I would go shopping with him. A. that B. if C. what D. who 2. Do you know ______ the meeting will begin? A. when B. where C. why D. how 3. She wondered ______ her father had gone to London. A. that B. what C. why D. which 4. Could you please tell me ______ I can get to the nearest bank? A. when B. how C. what D. whom 5. He said ______ he had finished his homework. A. that B. if C. where D. who 6. I don’t know ______ sweater this is. Maybe it’s Lucy’s. A. which B. whose C. what D. who 7. The teacher told us ______ the earth goes around the sun. A. if B. that C. when D. where 8. Do you remember ______ we met for the first time? A. when B. that C. what D. how 9. She asked me ______ I was reading at that moment. A. that B. what C. why D. where 10. Could you tell me ______ the post office is? A. when B. how C. where D. why 11. He didn’t know ______ to solve the problem. A. what B. how C. when D. where 12. I wonder ______ they will come to the party. A. if B. that C. what D. which 13. The boy asked ______ his mother was cooking in the kitchen. A. that B. what C. why D. how 14. Do you know ______ will give us a talk tomorrow? A. whom B. who C. which D. whose 15. She told me ______ she had been to Beijing twice. A. when B. that C. where D. why 16. I can’t decide ______ book I should buy for my sister. A. which B. what C. whose D. who 17. He asked me ______ I usually go to school. A. that B. how C. what D. whom 18. Do you know ______ the film will start? A. why B. where C. when D. which 19. The teacher asked ______ was late for class. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 20. I don’t know ______ he is so happy today. A. how B. why C. when D. where 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. She wants to know what ______ (happen) over there just now. 2. Could you tell me how I ______ (get) to the railway station? 3. He asked if they ______ (have) a test the next week. 4. I wonder why she ______ (not come) to the meeting yesterday. 5. The teacher said that the moon ______ (go) around the earth. 6. Do you know when Tom ______ (leave) for Shanghai tomorrow? 7. She told me that she ______ (visit) her grandparents the next day. 8. I don’t know what ______ (do) with this broken bike. 9. He asked me who ______ (teach) us English last term. 10. Could you tell me where the students ______ (plant) trees next week? 11. She wondered if her parents ______ (be) angry with her. 12. The little boy asked how the birds ______ (fly) so high. 13. I know that he ______ (study) hard every day. 14. He said that he ______ (finish) his homework before 9 o’clock last night. 15. Do you remember what he ______ (say) at the meeting yesterday? 16. She asked me when we ______ (start) the project. 17. The teacher told us that practice ______ (make) perfect. 18. I don’t know who ______ (clean) the classroom just now. 19. He wondered how much the new book ______ (cost). 20. Could you tell me if there ______ (be) a football match next Sunday? 四、句型转换 1. Where does she live? I don’t know. → I don’t know ______ ______ ______. 2. What time will the plane arrive? He asked. → He asked ______ ______ the plane ______ arrive. 3. How can we solve the problem? They are discussing. → They are discussing ______ ______ ______ solve the problem. 4. Who broke the window? The teacher wanted to know. → The teacher wanted to know ______ ______ the window. 5. Is this your pen? She asked me. → She asked me ______ this ______ my pen. 6. When will the concert start? Could you tell me? → Could you tell me ______ ______ ______ ______ start? 7. Why did he refuse the invitation? I wonder. → I wonder ______ ______ ______ the invitation. 8. What is he doing? Do you know? → Do you know ______ ______ ______ doing? 9. How long has he lived here? She asked. → She asked ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ here. 10. Whose bag is this? The police want to know. → The police want to know ______ ______ this ______. 11. Will it rain tomorrow? They are not sure. → They are not sure ______ ______ ______ rain tomorrow. 12. Which book should I choose? He can’t decide. → He can’t decide ______ ______ ______ ______ ______. 13. When did you buy this bike? My friend asked me. → My friend asked me ______ ______ ______ this bike. 14. How does the machine work? The engineer explained. → The engineer explained ______ ______ ______ ______. 15. Has he finished his homework? I want to know. → I want to know ______ ______ ______ ______ his homework. 五、完成句子 1. 我不知道他明天是否会来。 I don’t know ______ ______ ______ come tomorrow. 2. 请告诉我你昨天在哪里。 Please tell me ______ ______ ______ yesterday. 3. 老师问我们谁能回答这个问题。 The teacher asked us ______ ______ ______ the question. 4. 他想知道我是如何学习英语的。 He wants to know ______ ______ ______ English. 5. 你能告诉我这台电脑多少钱吗？ Can you tell me ______ ______ the computer ______? 6. 妈妈问我什么时候能完成作业。 My mother asked me ______ ______ ______ finish my homework. 7. 我忘记他昨天为什么迟到了。 I forgot ______ ______ ______ late yesterday. 8. 他们想知道下一班公交车什么时候到。 They want to know ______ ______ ______ bus ______ ______. 9. 请解释你是如何解决这个问题的。 Please explain ______ ______ ______ the problem. 10. 她问我是否见过那个新来的老师。 She asked me ______ ______ ______ ______ the new teacher. 11. 我不知道这是谁的雨伞。 I don’t know ______ ______ this ______. 12. 他问我下周是否有空。 He asked me ______ ______ ______ ______ free next week. 13. 你知道他们将在哪里举行聚会吗？ Do you know ______ ______ ______ ______ the party? 14. 老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。 The teacher told us ______ light ______ faster than sound. 15. 我想知道她昨天买了什么礼物。 I wonder ______ ______ ______ yesterday. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$